1
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Noki S, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Safety-Catch Linkers for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. Molecules 2024; 29:1429. [PMID: 38611709 PMCID: PMC11012524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is the preferred strategy for synthesizing most peptides for research purposes and on a multi-kilogram scale. One key to the success of SPPS is the continual evolution and improvement of the original method proposed by Merrifield. Over the years, this approach has been enhanced with the introduction of new solid supports, protecting groups for amino acids, coupling reagents, and other tools. One of these improvements is the use of the so-called "safety-catch" linkers/resins. The linker is understood as the moiety that links the peptide to the solid support and protects the C-terminal carboxylic group. The "safety-catch" concept relies on linkers that are totally stable under the conditions needed for both α-amino and side-chain deprotection that, at the end of synthesis, can be made labile to one of those conditions by a simple chemical reaction (e.g., an alkylation). This unique characteristic enables the simultaneous use of two primary protecting strategies: tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Ultimately, at the end of synthesis, either acids (which are incompatible with Boc) or bases (which are incompatible with Fmoc) can be employed to cleave the peptide from the resin. This review focuses on the most significant "safety-catch" linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikabwe Noki
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Reyes C, Patarroyo MA. Self-assembling peptides: Perspectives regarding biotechnological applications and vaccine development. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128944. [PMID: 38145690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly involves a set of molecules spontaneously interacting in a highly coordinated and dynamic manner to form a specific supramolecular structure having new and clearly defined properties. Many examples of this occur in nature and many more came from research laboratories, with their number increasing every day via ongoing research concerning complex biomolecules and the possibility of harnessing it when developing new applications. As a phenomenon, self-assembly has been described on very different types of molecules (biomolecules including), so this review focuses on what is known about peptide self-assembly, its origins, the forces behind it, how the properties of the resulting material can be tuned in relation to experimental considerations, some biotechnological applications (in which the main protagonists are peptide sequences capable of self-assembly) and what is yet to be tuned regarding their research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Reyes
- PhD Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá DC 111321, Colombia; Structure Analysis Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá DC 111321, Colombia; Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá DC 111166, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá DC 111321, Colombia; Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá DC 111321, Colombia.
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3
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Kurtzhals P, Østergaard S, Nishimura E, Kjeldsen T. Derivatization with fatty acids in peptide and protein drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:59-80. [PMID: 36002588 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins are widely used to treat a range of medical conditions; however, they often have to be injected and their effects are short-lived. These shortcomings of the native structure can be addressed by molecular engineering, but this is a complex undertaking. A molecular engineering technology initially applied to insulin - and which has now been successfully applied to several biopharmaceuticals - entails the derivatization of peptides and proteins with fatty acids. Various protraction mechanisms are enabled by the specific characteristics and positions of the attached fatty acid. Furthermore, the technology can ensure a long half-life following oral administration of peptide drugs, can alter the distribution of peptides and may hold potential for tissue targeting. Due to the inherent safety and well-defined chemical nature of the fatty acids, this technology provides a versatile approach to peptide and protein drug discovery.
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4
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Amino-Li-Resin—A Fiber Polyacrylamide Resin for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050928. [PMID: 35267752 PMCID: PMC8912574 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino-Li-resin is a new and unique polyacrylamide resin presented in the form of fibers and is found to be well suited for solid-phase peptide chemistry. Although amino-Li-resin swells much better in polar solvents, it is also compatible with some non-polar solvents. It comes with a high loading of functional amino groups, thus maximizing its productivity in terms of the amount of peptide per gram of resin. In addition to its mechanical stability, this resin shows excellent stability in basic and acidic reagents; thus, allowing its broad applicability for the synthesis of a wide range of biomolecules. Finally, the appropriateness of amino-Li-resin for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) has been demonstrated for the synthesis of several model peptides, including difficult sequences and those containing hindered amino acids, all of which afforded excellent crude purity, as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
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5
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Manne SR, Luna O, Acosta GA, Royo M, El-Faham A, Orosz G, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Amide Formation: Choosing the Safer Carbodiimide in Combination with OxymaPure to Avoid HCN Release. Org Lett 2021; 23:6900-6904. [PMID: 34424718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that DIC can react with OxymaPure to render an oxadiazole compound with the concomitant formation of HCN. Here we demonstrate that this reaction is not a feature of all carbodiimides but rather depends on the alkyl structure that flanks the two N atoms of the carbodiimide. Furthermore, we have identified two carbodiimides, TBEC and EDC·HCl, whose reaction with OxymaPure is exempt from HCN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Manne
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Omar Luna
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerardo A Acosta
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Gyorgy Orosz
- Luxembourg Bio Technologies, Ness Ziona 7403631, Israel
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.,Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Ramkisson S, Al‐Rasheed HH, Dahlous KA, De La Torre BG, El‐Faham A, Albericio F. Scope and Limitations of Barbituric and Thiobarbituric Amino Acid Derivatives as Protecting Groups for Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis: Towards a Green Protecting Group. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaveer Ramkisson
- Peptide Science Laboratory School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Hessa H. Al‐Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholood A. Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatriz G. De La Torre
- Peptide Science Laboratory School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4000 South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP) School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Ayman El‐Faham
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia Alexandria 12321 Egypt
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4000 South Africa
- CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Department of Organic Chemistry University of Barcelona 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) 08034 Barcelona Spain
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7
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Peterson JA, Yuan D, Winter AH. Multiwavelength Control of Mixtures Using Visible Light-Absorbing Photocages. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9781-9787. [PMID: 34197119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective deprotection of functional groups using different wavelengths of light is attractive for materials synthesis as well as for achieving independent photocontrol over substrates in biological systems. Here, we show that mixtures of recently developed visible light-absorbing BODIPY-derived photoremovable protecting groups (PRPGs) and a coumarin-derived PRPG can undergo wavelength-selective activation, giving independent optical control over a mixture of photocaged substrates using biologically benign long-wavelength light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Ding Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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8
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Skonieczny K, Espinoza EM, Derr JB, Morales M, Clinton JM, Xia B, Vullev VI. Biomimetic and bioinspired molecular electrets. How to make them and why does the established peptide chemistry not always work? PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract“Biomimetic” and “bioinspired” define different aspects of the impacts that biology exerts on science and engineering. Biomimicking improves the understanding of how living systems work, and builds tools for bioinspired endeavors. Biological inspiration takes ideas from biology and implements them in unorthodox manners, exceeding what nature offers. Molecular electrets, i.e. systems with ordered electric dipoles, are key for advancing charge-transfer (CT) science and engineering. Protein helices and their biomimetic analogues, based on synthetic polypeptides, are the best-known molecular electrets. The inability of native polypeptide backbones to efficiently mediate long-range CT, however, limits their utility. Bioinspired molecular electrets based on anthranilamides can overcome the limitations of their biological and biomimetic counterparts. Polypeptide helices are easy to synthesize using established automated protocols. These protocols, however, fail to produce even short anthranilamide oligomers. For making anthranilamides, the residues are introduced as their nitrobenzoic-acid derivatives, and the oligomers are built from their C- to their N-termini via amide-coupling and nitro-reduction steps. The stringent requirements for these reduction and coupling steps pose non-trivial challenges, such as high selectivity, quantitative yields, and fast completion under mild conditions. Addressing these challenges will provide access to bioinspired molecular electrets essential for organic electronics and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eli M. Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - James B. Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maryann Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jillian M. Clinton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bing Xia
- GlaxoSmithKline, 200 Cambridgepark Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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9
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Abstract
The protection of amino acid reactive functionalities including the α-amino group, the side chain (amines, carboxylic acids, alcohols, and thiols), or the carboxylic acid terminus is an essential strategy in peptide chemistry. This is mandatory to prevent polymerization of the amino acids and to minimize undesirable side reactions during the synthetic process. Proper protecting group manipulation strategies can maximize the yield of the desired product or allow the construction of complex peptide-based structures. Thus, the compatibility and orthogonality of each protecting group are key to achieve the proper control of molecular structure. Herein, we describe some common protecting groups and their general unmasking methods, in order to mask and expose amine, carboxylic acid, alcohol, and thiol functionalities to achieve the synthesis of peptides and related molecules.
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10
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Carbajo D, Fransen P, El-Faham A, Royo M, Albericio F. Pseudo-Wang Handle for the Preparation of Fully Protected Peptides. Synthesis of Liraglutide by Fragment Condensation. Org Lett 2019; 21:2459-2463. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carbajo
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Fransen
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Miriam Royo
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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11
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Reuther JF, Dahlhauser SD, Anslyn EV. Tunable Orthogonal Reversible Covalent (TORC) Bonds: Dynamic Chemical Control over Molecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:74-85. [PMID: 30098086 PMCID: PMC10851707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic assembly of macromolecules in biological systems is one of the fundamental processes that facilitates life. Although such assembly most commonly uses noncovalent interactions, a set of dynamic reactions involving reversible covalent bonding is actively being exploited for the design of functional materials, bottom-up assembly, and molecular machines. This Minireview highlights recent implementations and advancements in the area of tunable orthogonal reversible covalent (TORC) bonds for these purposes, and provides an outlook for their expansion, including the development of synthetically encoded polynucleotide mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA (USA)
| | | | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX (USA)
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12
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Martin-Gómez H, Albericio F, Tulla-Puche J. A Lasso-Inspired Bicyclic Peptide: Synthesis, Structure and Properties. Chemistry 2018; 24:19250-19257. [PMID: 30255960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of a bicycle inspired by the natural lasso peptide sungsanpin using a combination of solid-phase and in-solution chemistries is described. The bicyclic-derived topoisomer was designed by introducing a covalent linkage between the ring and the loop, which allowed the tying of these two parts of the peptide, rendering the bicyclic structure. Several structural techniques, such as MS fragmentation, ion-mobility and NMR spectroscopic analysis were used to characterize the bicycle. Ion-mobility spectroscopy studies revealed that it showed lasso-like behavior. Its 3D structure was predicted on the basis of the NMR restraints. In addition, the high proteolytic and thermal stability of the bicycle potentially make it a suitable scaffold for epitope grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Martin-Gómez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Al Musaimi O, Jad YE, Kumar A, El-Faham A, Collins JM, Basso A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Greening the Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Process. 2-MeTHF for the Incorporation of the First Amino Acid and Precipitation of Peptides after Global Deprotection. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al Musaimi
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Jad
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Jonathan M. Collins
- CEM Corporation, 3100 Smith Farm Road, Matthews, North Carolina 28104, United States
| | - Alessandra Basso
- Purolite, Llantrisant
Business Park, Llantrisant CF72 8LF, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Reuther JF, Dahlhauser SD, Anslyn EV. Einstellbare orthogonale reversible kovalente Bindungen: dynamische Kontrolle über die molekulare Selbstorganisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA
| | | | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
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15
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Utilization of the p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (pNZ) amine protecting group and pentafluorophenyl (Pfp) esters for the solid phase synthesis of spiroligomers. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Singh L, Kruger HG, Maguire GEM, Govender T, Parboosing R. Development and Evaluation of Peptide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for HIV Integrase Inhibition. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Kumar A, Sharma A, Haimov E, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Fmoc-Amox, A Suitable Reagent for the Introduction of Fmoc. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elvira Haimov
- Luxembourg BioTechnologies, 8 Sapir
Pinhas St., Nes Ziona 7403631, Israel
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Albericio
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri
Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Sharma A, Ramos‐Tomillero I, El‐Faham A, Nicolas E, Rodriguez H, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Understanding Tetrahydropyranyl as a Protecting Group in Peptide Chemistry. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:168-177. [PMID: 28413747 PMCID: PMC5390806 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropyranyl (Thp) is recognized as a useful protecting group for alcohols in organic synthesis. It has several advantages, including low cost, ease of introduction, general stability to most non-acidic reagents, it confers good solubility, and the ease with which it can be removed if the functional group it protects requires manipulation. However, little attention has been paid to Thp in peptide chemistry. Provided here is a concise analysis of the Thp protection of various amino acid functionalities (OH, SH, NH and COOH) and its application to peptide synthesis. Thp is a useful moiety for the side-chain protection of serine, threonine and cysteine and is suitable for the Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide synthesis strategy. The immobilized version of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, the so-called Ellman resin, is also discussed as a useful solid support for anchoring the side chains of serine, threonine and tryptophan residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- Catalysis and Peptide Research UnitSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4001South Africa
| | - Iván Ramos‐Tomillero
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of BarcelonaMartí Franqués 1—1108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ayman El‐Faham
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityP.O. Box 426, IbrahimiaAlexandria21321Egypt
| | - Ernesto Nicolas
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of BarcelonaMartí Franqués 1—1108028BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research UnitSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4001South Africa
- School of Laboratory of Medicine & Medical SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4001South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research UnitSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4001South Africa
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of BarcelonaMartí Franqués 1—1108028BarcelonaSpain
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
- School of Chemistry & PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4001South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on BioengineeringBiomaterials and NanomedicineBarcelona Science ParkBaldiri Reixac 10—1208028BarcelonaSpain
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Dinesh B, Bianco A, Ménard-Moyon C. Designing multimodal carbon nanotubes by covalent multi-functionalization. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18596-18611. [PMID: 27805213 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a unique tool in nanotechnology owing to their exceptional properties that offer a variety of opportunities for applications in different fields. Nevertheless, their low dispersibility in organic solvents and in aqueous media hampers their development. The functionalization of their surface allows overcoming this issue, while exploiting and tuning their properties. Thanks to their high specific surface area, multi-functionalization strategies give the possibility to conjugate several copies of different molecules to endow the nanotubes with multiple functionalities. In this context, this review wishes to focus on the preparation of multimodal CNTs designed by covalent multi-functionalization. More specifically, we describe the different approaches that have been developed to prepare multi-functionalized CNTs through double and triple covalent functionalization of the nanotube framework. We also emphasize the strategies used to control the derivatization of multi-functionalized CNTs with molecules of interest mainly via sequential or simultaneous methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhimareddy Dinesh
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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20
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Pelay-Gimeno M, Albericio F, Tulla-Puche J. Synthesis of complex head-to-side-chain cyclodepsipeptides. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1924-1947. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Brzezinska J, Witkowska A, Bałabańska S, Chmielewski MK. 2-Pyridinyl-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)aminoethyl Group As Thermocontrolled Implement for Protection of Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2016; 18:3230-3. [PMID: 27336291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A thermolabile protecting group strategy for carboxylic acids is expanded. Thermosensitive esters are readily prepared using a known procedure, and their stability under neutral condition is investigated. Effective thermolytic deprotection initiated only by temperature for different carboxylic acids is demonstrated, and the compatibility of a thermolytic protecting group with acidic and basic protecting groups in an orthogonal protection strategy is also presented. This study showed interesting correlations between the pKa of acids and the deprotection rate of their well-protected moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Brzezinska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Witkowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sandra Bałabańska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin K Chmielewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
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22
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Chakraborty B, Chhetri MS, Chhetri E. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of New Aziridines via Baldwin Rearrangement and Their Potential Biological Activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Chakraborty
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; Sikkim Government College; Gangtok Sikkim 737102 India
| | - Manjit Singh Chhetri
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; Sikkim Government College; Gangtok Sikkim 737102 India
| | - Esmita Chhetri
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; Sikkim Government College; Gangtok Sikkim 737102 India
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23
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Chakraborty B, Samanta A, Luitel GP, Rai N, Mitra D. Synthesis of Some Novel Class of Peptides fromα-Amino Nitrones and Their Potential Biological Activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Chakraborty
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; Sikkim Government College, Tadong; Gangtok Sikkim 737102 India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Jadavpur University; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Govinda Prasad Luitel
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; Sikkim Government College, Tadong; Gangtok Sikkim 737102 India
| | - Neelam Rai
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; Sikkim Government College, Tadong; Gangtok Sikkim 737102 India
| | - Debmalya Mitra
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Jadavpur University; Kolkata 700032 India
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24
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Di Gioia ML, Gagliardi A, Leggio A, Leotta V, Romio E, Liguori A. N-Urethane protection of amines and amino acids in an ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fmoc and Cbz direct protection of amino groups is efficiently performed in [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Gagliardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Leggio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - V. Leotta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - E. Romio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
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25
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Mendes AC, Baran ET, Reis RL, Azevedo HS. Self-assembly in nature: using the principles of nature to create complex nanobiomaterials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:582-612. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Mendes
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Erkan T. Baran
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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26
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Figueiredo LE, Cilli EM, Molina RAS, Espreafico EM, Tfouni E. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of a ruthenium nitrosyl nitric oxide donor with isonicotinic acid and a cell penetrating peptide. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Bingham JP, Andrews EA, Kiyabu SM, Cabalteja CC. Drugs from slugs. Part II--conopeptide bioengineering. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 200:92-113. [PMID: 23063744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The biological transformation of toxins as research probes, or as pharmaceutical drug leads, is an onerous and drawn out process. Issues regarding changes to pharmacological specificity, desired potency, and bioavailability are compounded naturally by their inherent toxicity. These often scuttle their progress as they move up the narrowing drug development pipeline. Yet one class of peptide toxins, from the genus Conus, has in many ways spearheaded the expansion of new peptide bioengineering techniques to aid peptide toxin pharmaceutical development. What has now emerged is the sequential bioengineering of new research probes and drug leads that owe their lineage to these highly potent and isoform specific peptides. Here we discuss the progressive bioengineering steps that many conopeptides have transitioned through, and specifically illustrate some of the biochemical approaches that have been established to maximize their biological research potential and pharmaceutical worth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Paul Bingham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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28
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Wymann MP, Schultz C. The chemical biology of phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2022-35. [PMID: 22965647 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in the late 1980s, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and its isoforms have arguably reached the forefront of signal transduction research. Regulation of this lipid kinase, its functions, its effectors, in short its entire signaling network, has been extensively studied. PI3K inhibitors are frequently used in biochemistry and cell biology. In addition, many pharmaceutical companies have launched drug-discovery programs to identify modulators of PI3Ks. Despite these efforts and a fairly good knowledge of the PI3K signaling network, we still have only a rudimentary picture of the signaling dynamics of PI3K and its lipid products in space and time. It is therefore essential to create and use novel biological and chemical tools to manipulate the phosphoinositide signaling network with spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, we discuss the current and potential future tools that are available and necessary to unravel the various functions of PI3K and its isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Wymann
- Institute of Biochemistry & Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Khattab SN, Subirós-Funosas R, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Screening of N-alkyl-cyanoacetamido oximes as substitutes for N-hydroxysuccinimide. ChemistryOpen 2012; 1:147-52. [PMID: 24551503 PMCID: PMC3922453 DOI: 10.1002/open.201200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-bond formation is a pivotal process in the synthesis of peptide oligomers. Among the various coupling methodologies described, carbodiimides combine strong acylation potency and smooth reaction conditions, and they are commonly used in the presence of N-hydroxylamine additives. In recent years, acidic oxime templates, mainly ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino) acetate (Oxyma), have emerged as highly reactive alternatives to the classic and explosive-prone benzotriazolic additives, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt). However, to achieve certain biochemical targets, less reactive species, such as N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu) esters, are often required to obtain stability under aqueous conditions. In the present study, we report on a new family of water-soluble N-alkyl-cyanoacetamido oximes, most of which have proven useful in the construction of active carbonates for the introduction of fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) with minimal impact of dipeptide impurities. We performed a direct comparison of these new N-alkyl-cyanoacetamido oximes with HOSu in order to evaluate their capacity to retain optical purity and their coupling efficiency in the assembly of bulky residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine N Khattab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria P.O. Box 246, Ibrahimia, 21321 Alexandria (Egypt) E-mail:
| | - Ramon Subirós-Funosas
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) E-mail: ; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria P.O. Box 246, Ibrahimia, 21321 Alexandria (Egypt) E-mail: ; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) E-mail: ; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O.Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) E-mail: ; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) ; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) ; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal 4041 Durban (South Africa)
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30
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Cyanoacetamide-based oxime carbonates: an efficient, simple alternative for the introduction of Fmoc with minimal dipeptide formation. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Deng X, Eyster TW, Elkasabi Y, Lahann J. Bio-Orthogonal Polymer Coatings for Co-Presentation of Biomolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:640-5. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Clark MR, Aliyar HA, Lee CW, Jay JI, Gupta KM, Watson KM, Stewart RJ, Buckheit RW, Kiser PF. Enzymatic triggered release of an HIV-1 entry inhibitor from prostate specific antigen degradable microparticles. Int J Pharm 2011; 413:10-18. [PMID: 21511017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design, construction and characterization of the first anti-HIV drug delivery system that is triggered to release its contents in the presence of human semen. Microgel particles were synthesized with a crosslinker containing a peptide substrate for the seminal serine protease prostate specific antigen (PSA) and were loaded with the HIV-1 entry inhibitor sodium poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (pSS). The particles were composed of N-2-hydroxyproplymethacrylamide and bis-methacrylamide functionalized peptides based on the PSA substrates GISSFYSSK and GISSQYSSK. Exposure to human seminal plasma (HSP) degraded the microgel network and triggered the release of the entrapped antiviral polymer. Particles with the crosslinker composed of the substrate GISSFYSSK showed 17 times faster degradation in seminal plasma than that of the crosslinker composed of GISSQYSSK. The microgel particles containing 1 mol% GISSFYSSK peptide crosslinker showed complete degradation in 30 h in the presence of HSP at 37°C and pSS released from the microgels within 30 min reached a concentration of 10 μg/mL, equivalent to the published IC(90) for pSS. The released pSS inactivated HIV-1 in the presence of HSP. The solid phase synthesis of the crosslinkers, preparation of the particles by inverse microemulsion polymerization, HSP-triggered release of pSS and inactivation of HIV-1 studies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith R Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Biopolymers Research Building, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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Monteiro LS, Kołomańska J, Suarez AC. Synthesis of Novel Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids: N-Ethyl-α,β-dehydroamino Acid Methyl Esters. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Garcia O, Bofill JM, Nicolas E, Albericio F. 2,2,4,6,7-Pentamethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-methyl (Pbfm) as an Alternative to the Trityl Group for the Side-Chain Protection of Cysteine and Asparagine/Glutamine. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Khattab SN, Subirós-Funosas R, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Oxime Carbonates: Novel Reagents for the Introduction of Fmoc and Alloc Protecting Groups, Free of Side Reactions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Pudelko M, Bull J, Kunz H. Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptide Selectin Ligands Containing Sialyl Lewis X Structures. Chembiochem 2010; 11:904-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Isidro-Llobet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Boas
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bulowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen, Denmark
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39
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Isidro-Llobet A, Just-Baringo X, Alvarez M, Albericio F. EDOTn and MIM, new peptide backbone protecting groups. Biopolymers 2008; 90:444-9. [PMID: 17685396 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, backbone protection has allowed the synthesis of complex peptidic sequences of high interest by preventing chain aggregation and aspartimides formation. Nevertheless, the backbone protectors currently used have some drawbacks: they are difficult to remove and show high steric hindrance. The new backbone protectors presented in this study (EDOTn and MIM) represent an improvement in both aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Isidro-Llobet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Amblard M, Fehrentz JA, Martinez J, Subra G. Methods and protocols of modern solid phase Peptide synthesis. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 33:239-54. [PMID: 16946453 DOI: 10.1385/mb:33:3:239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to delineate strategic considerations and provide practical procedures to enable non-experts to synthesize peptides with a reasonable chance of success. This article is not encyclopedic but rather devoted to the Fmoc/tBu approach of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), which is now the most commonly used methodology for the production of peptides. The principles of SPPS with a review of linkers and supports currently employed are presented. Basic concepts for the different steps of SPPS such as anchoring, deprotection, coupling reaction and cleavage are all discussed along with the possible problem of aggregation and side-reactions. Essential protocols for the synthesis of fully deprotected peptides are presented including resin handling, coupling, capping, Fmoc-deprotection, final cleavage and disulfide bridge formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Amblard
- Laboratoire des Amino Acides, Peptides et Protéines-UMR-CNRS 5810. Faculté de Pharmacie. BP 14491, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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41
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Minta E, Kafarski P, Martinez J, Rolland V. Synthesis of cyclooctapeptides: constraints analogues of the peptidic neurotoxin, omega-agatoxine IVB-an experimental point of view. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:267-77. [PMID: 17853503 DOI: 10.1002/psc.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
omega-AGA IVB is an important lead structure when considering the design of effectors of glutamate release inducting P/Q-type calcium channels. The best route to achieve the analogues possessing the three-dimensional arrangement corresponding to the native binding loop was the introduction of constraint by ring formation via side chain to side chain lactamization for suitably protected Lys and Glu residues. Since tryptophane residue located at position 14 of this neuropeptide has been suggested as essential for binding, analogues in which this amino acid was replaced by aza-tryptophane and alanine were synthesized. The synthesis was carried out on various acid-labile resins (BARLOS chlorotrityl, Rink amide, PEG-based or Wang resins), by Fmoc strategy. In this paper, we describe optimization of the peptide cyclization with various protecting groups, and on resin or in solution cyclization experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Minta
- IBMM, UMR 5247, CNRS, Max Mousseron Institut of Biomolecules, Montpellier 1 & 2, Place E.Bataillon, Montpellier, France
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42
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Kogan MJ, Olmedo I, Hosta L, Guerrero AR, Cruz LJ, Albericio F. Peptides and metallic nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2007; 2:287-306. [PMID: 17716175 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the contribution of peptides to the biomedical applications of metallic nanoparticles. We also discuss strategies for the preparation of peptide-nanoparticle conjugates and the synthesis of the peptides and metallic nanoparticles. An overview of the techniques used for the characterization of the conjugates is also provided. Mainly for biomedical purposes, metallic nanoparticles conjugated to peptides have been prepared from Au and iron oxide (magnetic nanoparticles). Peptides with the capacity to penetrate the plasma membrane are used to deliver nanoparticles to the cell. In addition, peptides that recognize specific cell receptors are used for targeting nanoparticles. The potential application of peptide-nanoparticle conjugates in cancer and Alzheimer's disease therapy is discussed. Several peptide-nanoparticle conjugates show biocompatibility and present a low degree of cytotoxicity. Furthermore, several peptide-metallic nanoparticle conjugates are used for in vitro diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Casilla 233, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Synergic effect of hydride and proton donors in the Pd(0)-mediated deprotection of Nα-Aloc proline derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cruz LJ, Cuevas C, Cañedo LM, Giralt E, Albericio F. Total solid-phase synthesis of marine cyclodepsipeptide IB-01212. J Org Chem 2007; 71:3339-44. [PMID: 16626112 DOI: 10.1021/jo051601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A suitable combination of synthetic design, orthogonal protecting groups and coupling reagents was used to complete the first known synthesis of the natural marine cyclodepsipeptide IB-01212. The cyclic, symmetric octapeptide contains two of each of the following residues: L-N,N-Me2Leu, L-Ser, L-N-MeLeu and L-N-MePhe. IB-01212 also features two symmetric ester bonds between the hydroxyl group of Ser and the carboxyl function of the N-MePhe. Total solid-phase syntheses of the product was performed in parallel via three distinct routes: dimerization of heterodetic fragments, linear synthesis, and convergent synthesis. The convergent strategy gave the best results in terms of product yield and purity and is particularly suitable for the large-scale synthesis of IB-01212 and similar peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Cruz
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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Isidro-Llobet A, Just-Baringo X, Ewenson A, Alvarez M, Albericio F. Fmoc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, for the introduction of the Fmoc moiety free of side-reactions. Biopolymers 2007; 88:733-7. [PMID: 17385207 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A double side-reaction, consisting in the formation of Fmoc-beta-Ala-OH and Fmoc-beta-Ala-AA-OH, during the preparation of Fmoc protected amino acids (Fmoc-AA-OH) with Fmoc-OSu is discussed. Furthermore, the new Fmoc-2-MBT reagent is proposed for avoiding these side-reactions as well as the formation of the Fmoc-dipeptides (Fmoc-AA-AA-OH) and even tripeptides, which is another important side-reaction when chloroformates such as Fmoc-Cl is used for the protection of the alpha-amino function of the amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Isidro-Llobet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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Cremer GA, Tariq H, Delmas AF. Combining a polar resin and a pseudo-proline to optimize the solid-phase synthesis of a ‘difficult sequence’. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:437-42. [PMID: 16432808 DOI: 10.1002/psc.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the optimization of a synthesis of a difficult sequence related to a 12-mer sequence of a Pan DR epitope (PADRE). Elongation was followed by on-line monitoring of the N(alpha)-Fmoc removal adapted for the batch methodology. Studying the intrinsic factors related to the peptide-resin, such as substitution level, resin nature and backbone protecting group, has led to an increase in the elongation yield and purity of the crude peptide. Optimal elongation was obtained by combining a polar resin such as PEGA and a pseudo-proline as the backbone protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle-Anne Cremer
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, affiliated to the University of Orléans and INSERM, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Isidro-Llobet A, Álvarez M, Albericio F. Semipermanent p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (pNZ) protection of Orn and Lys side chains: prevention of undesired α-Fmoc removal and application to the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Use of p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (pNZ) as a permanent protecting group in the synthesis of Kahalalide F analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Isidro-Llobet A, Guasch-Camell J, Álvarez M, Albericio F. p-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (pNZ) as a TemporaryNα-Protecting Group in Orthogonal Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis - Avoiding Diketopiperazine and Aspartimide Formation. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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