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Romann P, Kolar J, Chappuis L, Herwig C, Villiger TK, Bielser JM. Maximizing Yield of Perfusion Cell Culture Processes: Evaluation and Scale-up of Continuous Bleed Recycling. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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2
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Banerjee S, Afzal MA, Chokshi P, Rathore AS. Mechanistic modelling of Chinese hamster ovary cell clarification using acoustic wave separator. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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MacDonald MA, Nöbel M, Roche Recinos D, Martínez VS, Schulz BL, Howard CB, Baker K, Shave E, Lee YY, Marcellin E, Mahler S, Nielsen LK, Munro T. Perfusion culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells for bioprocessing applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1099-1115. [PMID: 34844499 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1998821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Much of the biopharmaceutical industry's success over the past 30 years has relied on products derived from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. During this time, improvements in mammalian cell cultures have come from cell line development and process optimization suited for large-scale fed-batch processes. Originally developed for high cell densities and sensitive products, perfusion processes have a long history. Driven by high volumetric titers and a small footprint, perfusion-based bioprocess research has regained an interest from academia and industry. The recent pandemic has further highlighted the need for such intensified biomanufacturing options. In this review, we outline the technical history of research in this field as it applies to biologics production in CHO cells. We demonstrate a number of emerging trends in the literature and corroborate these with underlying drivers in the commercial space. From these trends, we speculate that the future of perfusion bioprocesses is bright and that the fields of media optimization, continuous processing, and cell line engineering hold the greatest potential. Aligning in its continuous setup with the demands for Industry 4.0, perfusion biomanufacturing is likely to be a hot topic in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A MacDonald
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthias Nöbel
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dinora Roche Recinos
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,CSL Limited, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Verónica S Martínez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kym Baker
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evan Shave
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Esteban Marcellin
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lars Keld Nielsen
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trent Munro
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,National Biologics Facility, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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4
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Continuous bleed recycling significantly increases recombinant protein production yield in perfusion cell cultures. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Kundu AM, Hiller GW. Hydrocyclones as cell retention devices for an N-1 perfusion bioreactor linked to a continuous-flow stirred tank production bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1973-1986. [PMID: 33559888 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A continuous Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture process comprised of a highly proliferative N-1 perfusion bioreactor utilizing a hydrocyclone as a cell retention device linked to a production continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is presented. The overflow stream from the hydrocyclone, which is only partially depleted of cells, provides a continuous source of high viability cells from the N-1 perfusion bioreactor to the 5-20 times larger CSTR. Under steady-state conditions, this linked-bioreactor system achieved a peak volumetric productivity of 0.96 g/L/day, twofold higher than the optimized fed-batch process. The linked bioreactor system using a hydrocyclone was also shown to be 1.8-3.1 times more productive than a dual, cascading CSTR system without cell retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Kundu
- Upstream Process Development, Bioprocess Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory W Hiller
- Upstream Process Development, Bioprocess Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Kim SY, Park SO, Yeon JY, Chun GT. Development of a Cell-recycled Continuous Fermentation Process for Enhanced Production of Succinic Acid by High-yielding Mutants of Actinobacillus succinogenes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Bettinardi IW, Castan A, Medronho RA, Castilho LR. Hydrocyclones as cell retention device for CHO perfusion processes in single‐use bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1915-1928. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioná W. Bettinardi
- COPPE/PEQ, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (LECC)Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Andreas Castan
- BioProcess R&DGE Healthcare Bio‐Sciences AB Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ricardo A. Medronho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of ChemistryFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- COPPE/PEQ, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (LECC)Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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8
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Adivitiya, Babbal, Mohanty S, Dagar VK, Khasa YP. Development of a streptokinase expression platform using the native signal sequence of the protein with internal repeats 1 (PIR1) in P. pastoris: Gene dosage optimization and cell retention strategies. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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A novel scale‐down mimic of perfusion cell culture using sedimentation in an automated microbioreactor (SAM). Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2832. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Pohlscheidt M, Kiss R, Gottschalk U. An Introduction to "Recent Trends in the Biotechnology Industry: Development and Manufacturing of Recombinant Antibodies and Proteins". ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:1-8. [PMID: 29748871 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of the first therapeutic proteins in the early 1980s heralded the launch of the biopharmaceuticals industry. The number of approved products has grown year on year over the past three decades to now represent a significant share of the entire pharmaceuticals market. More than 200 therapeutic proteins have been approved, approximately a quarter of which are represented by monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives. In 2016, the list of the top 15 best-selling drugs included more than eight biologics and in 2020 the trend will continue, with more than 50% of the top 20 best-selling drugs predicted to be biologics. From 1986 to 2014 several first-in-class, advance-in-class, and breakthrough designated therapeutic options were approved, with advanced therapies such as immuno-oncology and cell-based therapies being approved for several indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Kiss
- Biogen International GmbH, International Manufacturing, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Gottschalk
- Biogen International GmbH, International Manufacturing, Zug, Switzerland
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11
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Patil R, Walther J. Continuous Manufacturing of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Upstream and Downstream Technologies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:277-322. [PMID: 28265699 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous biomanufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins offers several potential advantages over conventional batch processing, including reduced cost of goods, more flexible and responsive manufacturing facilities, and improved and consistent product quality. Although continuous approaches to various upstream and downstream unit operations have been considered and studied for decades, in recent years interest and application have accelerated. Researchers have achieved increasingly higher levels of process intensification, and have also begun to integrate different continuous unit operations into larger, holistically continuous processes. This review first discusses approaches for continuous cell culture, with a focus on perfusion-enabling cell separation technologies including gravitational, centrifugal, and acoustic settling, as well as filtration-based techniques. We follow with a review of various continuous downstream unit operations, covering categories such as clarification, chromatography, formulation, and viral inactivation and filtration. The review ends by summarizing case studies of integrated and continuous processing as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Jason Walther
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
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12
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Kshirsagar R, Ryll T. Innovation in Cell Banking, Expansion, and Production Culture. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:51-74. [PMID: 29637222 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture-based production processes enable the development and commercial supply of recombinant protein products. Such processes consist of the following elements: thaw and initiation of culture, seed expansion, and production culture. A robust cell source storage system in the form of a cell bank is developed and cells are thawed to initiate the cell culture process. Seed culture expansion generates sufficient cell mass to initiate the production culture. The production culture provides an environment where the cells can synthesize the product and is optimized to deliver the highest possible product concentration with acceptable product quality. This chapter describes the significant innovations made in these process elements and the resulting improvements in the overall efficiency, robustness, and safety of the processes and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kshirsagar
- Technical Development, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Ryll
- Technical Operations, ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
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13
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Lee JS, Park JH, Ha TK, Samoudi M, Lewis NE, Palsson BO, Kildegaard HF, Lee GM. Revealing Key Determinants of Clonal Variation in Transgene Expression in Recombinant CHO Cells Using Targeted Genome Editing. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2867-2878. [PMID: 30388888 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Generation of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell lines is critical for the production of therapeutic proteins. However, the high degree of phenotypic heterogeneity among generated clones, referred to as clonal variation, makes the rCHO cell line development process inefficient and unpredictable. Here, we investigated the major genomic causes of clonal variation. We found the following: (1) consistent with previous studies, a strong variation in rCHO clones in response to hypothermia (33 vs 37 °C) after random transgene integration; (2) altered DNA sequence of randomly integrated cassettes, which occurred during the integration process, affecting the transgene expression level in response to hypothermia; (3) contrary to random integration, targeted integration of the same expression cassette, without any DNA alteration, into three identified integration sites showed the similar response of transgene expression in response to hypothermia, irrespective of integration site; (4) switching the promoter from CMV to EF1α eliminated the hypothermia response; and (5) deleting the enhancer part of the CMV promoter altered the hypothermia response. Thus, we have revealed the effects of integration methods and cassette design on transgene expression levels, implying that rCHO cell line generation can be standardized through detailed genomic understanding. Further elucidation of such understanding is likely to have a broad impact on diverse fields that use transgene integration, from gene therapy to generation of production cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seong Lee
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwang Ha
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mojtaba Samoudi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bernhard O. Palsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Helene Faustrup Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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14
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Puri P, Kumar V, Belgamwar SU, Sharma NN. Microfluidic Device for Cell Trapping with Carbon Electrodes Using Dielectrophoresis. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:102. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Gagnon M, Nagre S, Wang W, Hiller GW. Shift to high‐intensity, low‐volume perfusion cell culture enabling a continuous, integrated bioprocess. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1472-1481. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gagnon
- Culture Process Development, Pfizer Inc. Andover Massachusetts 01810
| | - Shashikant Nagre
- Upstream Process Development, Akston Biosciences Beverly Massachusetts 01915
| | - Wenge Wang
- Culture Process Development, Pfizer Inc. Andover Massachusetts 01810
| | - Gregory W. Hiller
- Culture Process Development, Pfizer Inc. Andover Massachusetts 01810
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16
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Glycosylation Flux Analysis of Immunoglobulin G in Chinese Hamster Ovary Perfusion Cell Culture. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminal sugar molecules of the N-linked glycan attached to the fragment crystalizable (Fc) region is a critical quality attribute of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as immunoglobulin G (IgG). There exists naturally-occurring heterogeneity in the N-linked glycan structure of mAbs, and such heterogeneity has a significant influence on the clinical safety and efficacy of mAb drugs. We previously proposed a constraint-based modeling method called glycosylation flux analysis (GFA) to characterize the rates (fluxes) of intracellular glycosylation reactions. One contribution of this work is a significant improvement in the computational efficiency of the GFA, which is beneficial for analyzing large datasets. Another contribution of our study is the analysis of IgG glycosylation in continuous perfusion Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell cultures. The GFA of the perfusion cell culture data indicated that the dynamical changes of IgG glycan heterogeneity are mostly attributed to alterations in the galactosylation flux activity. By using a random forest regression analysis of the IgG galactosylation flux activity, we were further able to link the dynamics of galactosylation with two process parameters: cell-specific productivity of IgG and extracellular ammonia concentration. The characteristics of IgG galactosylation dynamics agree well with what we previously reported for fed-batch cultivations of the same CHO cell strain.
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17
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Zamani L, Lundqvist M, Zhang Y, Aberg M, Edfors F, Bidkhori G, Lindahl A, Mie A, Mardinoglu A, Field R, Turner R, Rockberg J, Chotteau V. High Cell Density Perfusion Culture has a Maintained Exoproteome and Metabolome. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800036. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zamani
- Department Industrial Biotechnology; School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Magnus Lundqvist
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; Wallenberg Centre for Protein Research; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; AdBIOPRO, Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department Industrial Biotechnology; School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; Wallenberg Centre for Protein Research; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Magnus Aberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edfors
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; Science for Life Laboratory; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 171 65 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gholamreza Bidkhori
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; Science for Life Laboratory; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 171 65 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Lindahl
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Science for Life Laboratory; Karolinska Institutet; 171 65 Solna Sweden
| | - Axel Mie
- Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institute; 118 83 Solna Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; Science for Life Laboratory; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 171 65 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Raymond Field
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Science for Life Laboratory; Karolinska Institutet; 171 65 Solna Sweden
| | - Richard Turner
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Science for Life Laboratory; Karolinska Institutet; 171 65 Solna Sweden
| | - Johan Rockberg
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; Wallenberg Centre for Protein Research; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; AdBIOPRO, Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Veronique Chotteau
- Department Industrial Biotechnology; School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; Wallenberg Centre for Protein Research; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health; AdBIOPRO, Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Biopharmaceutical Development; MedImmune; CB21 6GH Cambridge United Kingdom
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18
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Walther J, Lu J, Hollenbach M, Yu M, Hwang C, McLarty J, Brower K. Perfusion Cell Culture Decreases Process and Product Heterogeneity in a Head‐to‐Head Comparison With Fed‐Batch. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700733. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Walther
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Jiuyi Lu
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Myles Hollenbach
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Marcella Yu
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Chris Hwang
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Jean McLarty
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Kevin Brower
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
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19
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Mendes LF, Tam WL, Chai YC, Geris L, Luyten FP, Roberts SJ. Combinatorial Analysis of Growth Factors Reveals the Contribution of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Periosteal Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 22:473-86. [PMID: 27018617 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful application of cell-based strategies in cartilage and bone tissue engineering has been hampered by the lack of robust protocols to efficiently differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into the chondrogenic lineage. The development of chemically defined culture media supplemented with growth factors (GFs) has been proposed as a way to overcome this limitation. In this work, we applied a fractional design of experiment (DoE) strategy to screen the effect of multiple GFs (BMP2, BMP6, GDF5, TGF-β1, and FGF2) on chondrogenic differentiation of human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDCs) in vitro. In a micromass culture (μMass) system, BMP2 had a positive effect on glycosaminoglycan deposition at day 7 (p < 0.001), which in combination with BMP6 synergistically enhanced cartilage-like tissue formation that displayed in vitro mineralization capacity at day 14 (p < 0.001). Gene expression of μMasses cultured for 7 days with a medium formulation supplemented with 100 ng/mL of BMP2 and BMP6 and a low concentration of GDF5, TGF-β1, and FGF2 showed increased expression of Sox9 (1.7-fold) and the matrix molecules aggrecan (7-fold increase) and COL2A1 (40-fold increase) compared to nonstimulated control μMasses. The DoE analysis indicated that in GF combinations, BMP2 was the strongest effector for chondrogenic differentiation of hPDCs. When transplanted ectopically in nude mice, the in vitro-differentiated μMasses showed maintenance of the cartilaginous phenotype after 4 weeks in vivo. This study indicates the power of using the DoE approach for the creation of new medium formulations for skeletal tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Mendes
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wai Long Tam
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoke Chin Chai
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- 2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium .,3 Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liege , Liege, Belgium .,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Scott J Roberts
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,2 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium .,5 Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London , The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Gunawan F, Nishihara J, Liu P, Sandoval W, Vanderlaan M, Zhang H, Krawitz D. Comparison of platform host cell protein ELISA to process-specific host cell protein ELISA. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:382-389. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feny Gunawan
- Analytical Operations; Genentech, 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California
| | - Julie Nishihara
- Protein Analytical Chemistry; Genentech, 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California
| | - Peter Liu
- Microchem Proteomics; Genentech, 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchem Proteomics; Genentech, 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California
| | - Marty Vanderlaan
- Analytical Operations; Genentech, 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California
| | - Heidi Zhang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry; Genentech, 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California
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21
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Freeman CA, Samuel PSD, Kompala DS. Compact Cell Settlers for Perfusion Cultures of Microbial (and Mammalian) Cells. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:913-922. [PMID: 28748636 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As microbial secretory expression systems have become well developed for microbial yeast cells, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, it is advantageous to develop high cell density continuous perfusion cultures of microbial yeast cells to retain the live and productive yeast cells inside the perfusion bioreactor while removing the dead cells and cell debris along with the secreted product protein in the harvest stream. While the previously demonstrated inclined or lamellar settlers can be used for such perfusion bioreactors for microbial cells, the size and footprint requirements of such inefficiently scaled up devices can be quite large in comparison to the bioreactor size. Faced with this constraint, we have now developed novel, patent-pending compact cell settlers that can be used more efficiently with microbial perfusion bioreactors to achieve high cell densities and bioreactor productivities. Reproducible results from numerous month-long perfusion culture experiments using these devices attached to the 5 L perfusion bioreactor demonstrate very high cell densities due to substantial sedimentation of the larger live yeast cells which are returned to the bioreactor, while the harvest stream from the top of these cell settlers is a significantly clarified liquid, containing less than 30% and more typically less than 10% of the bioreactor cell concentration. Size of cells in the harvest is smaller than that of the cells in the bioreactor. Accumulated protein collected from the harvest and rate of protein accumulation is significantly (> 6x) higher than the protein produced in repeated fed-batch cultures over the same culture duration. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:913-922, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhinakar S Kompala
- Sudhin Biopharma Company, Superior, CO.,Sudhin Biotech Private Limited, Chennai, India
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22
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Yuk IH, Nishihara J, Walker D, Huang E, Gunawan F, Subramanian J, Pynn AFJ, Yu XC, Zhu-Shimoni J, Vanderlaan M, Krawitz DC. More similar than different: Host cell protein production using three null CHO cell lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:2068-83. [PMID: 25894672 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To understand the diversity in the cell culture harvest (i.e., feedstock) provided for downstream processing, we compared host cell protein (HCP) profiles using three Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines in null runs which did not generate any recombinant product. Despite differences in CHO lineage, upstream process, and culture performance, the cell lines yielded similar cell-specific productivities for immunogenic HCPs. To compare the dynamics of HCP production, we searched for correlations between the time-course profiles of HCP (as measured by multi-analyte ELISA) and those of two intracellular HCP species, phospholipase B-like 2 (PLBL2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Across the cell lines, proteins in the day 14 supernatants analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) showed different spot patterns. However, subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) indicated otherwise: the total number of peptides and proteins identified were comparable, and 80% of the top 1,000 proteins identified were common to all three lines. Finally, to assess the impact of culture viability on extracellular HCP profiles, we analyzed supernatants from a cell line whose viability dropped after day 10. The amounts of HCP and PLBL2 (quantified by their respective ELISAs) as well as the numbers and major populations of HCPs (identified by LC-MS/MS) were similar across days 10, 14, and 17, during which viabilities declined from ∼80% to <20% and extracellular LDH levels increased several-fold. Our findings indicate that the CHO-derived HCPs in the feedstock for downstream processing may not be as diverse across cell lines and upstream processes, or change as dramatically upon viability decline as originally expected. In addition, our findings show that high density CHO cultures (>10(7) cells/mL)-operated in fed-batch mode and exhibiting high viabilities (>70%) throughout the culture duration-can accumulate a considerable amount of immunogenic HCP (∼1-2 g/L) in the extracellular environment at the time of harvest (day 14). This work also demonstrates the potential of using LC-MS/MS to overcome the limitations associated with ELISA and 2D-PAGE for HCP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn H Yuk
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080.
| | - Julie Nishihara
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Donald Walker
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Eric Huang
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Feny Gunawan
- Analytical Operations, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Jayashree Subramanian
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Abigail F J Pynn
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - X Christopher Yu
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Judith Zhu-Shimoni
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Martin Vanderlaan
- Analytical Operations, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Denise C Krawitz
- Analytical Operations, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
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Kim JC, Kwon HS, Oh DJ. Production of recombinant human growth hormone by rCHO cells in a depth filter perfusion system. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hincapié Gómez E, Marchese AJ. An ultrasonically enhanced inclined settler for microalgae harvesting. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:414-23. [PMID: 25504779 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have vast potential as a sustainable and scalable source of biofuels and bioproducts. However, algae dewatering is a critical challenge that must be addressed. Ultrasonic settling has already been exploited for concentrating various biological cells at relatively small batch volumes and/or low throughput. Typically, these designs are operated in batch or semicontinuous mode, wherein the flow is interrupted and the cells are subsequently harvested. These batch techniques are not well suited for scaleup to the throughput levels required for harvesting microalgae from the large-scale cultivation operations necessary for a viable algal biofuel industry. This article introduces a novel device for the acoustic harvesting of microalgae. The design is based on the coupling of the acoustophoretic force, acoustic transparent materials, and inclined settling. A filtration efficiency of 70 ± 5% and a concentration factor of 11.6 ± 2.2 were achieved at a flow rate of 25 mL·min(-1) and an energy consumption of 3.6 ± 0.9 kWh·m(-3) . The effects of the applied power, flow rate, inlet cell concentration, and inclination were explored. It was found that the filtration efficiency of the device is proportional to the power applied. However, the filtration efficiency experienced a plateau at 100 W L(-1) of power density applied. The filtration efficiency also increased with increasing inlet cell concentration and was inversely proportional to the flow rate. It was also found that the optimum settling angle for maximum concentration factor occurred at an angle of 50 ± 5°. At these optimum conditions, the device had higher filtration efficiency in comparison to other similar devices reported in the previous literature.
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Park JH, Lee SK, Jung S. Polydimethylsiloxane template-based size-selective assembly of single biological cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-014-8402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meier K, Djeljadini S, Regestein L, Büchs J, Carstensen F, Wessling M, Holland T, Raven N. In situ cell retention of a CHO culture by a reverse-flow diafiltration membrane bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:1348-55. [PMID: 25202924 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneities occur in various bioreactor designs including cell retention devices. Whereas in external devices changing environmental conditions cannot be prevented, cells are retained in their optimal environment in internal devices. Conventional reverse-flow diafiltration utilizes an internal membrane device, but pulsed feeding causes temporal heterogeneities. In this study, the influence of conventional reverse-flow diafiltration on the yeast Hansenula polymorpha is investigated. Alternating 180 s of feeding with 360 s of non-feeding at a dilution rate of 0.2 h(-1) results in an oscillating DOT signal with an amplitude of 60%. Thereby, induced short-term oxygen limitations result in the formation of ethanol and a reduced product concentration of 25%. This effect is enforced at increased dilution rate. To overcome this cyclic problem, sequential operation of three membranes is introduced. Thus, quasi-continuous feeding is achieved reducing the oscillation of the DOT signal to an amplitude of 20% and 40% for a dilution rate of 0.2 h(-1) and 0.5 h(-1) , respectively. Fermentation conditions characterized by complete absence of oxygen limitation and without formation of overflow metabolites could be obtained for dilution rates from 0.1 h(-1) - 0.5 h(-1) . Thus, sequential operation of three membranes minimizes oscillations in the DOT signal providing a nearly homogenous culture over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Meier
- RWTH Aachen, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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29
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Leong T, Johansson L, Juliano P, McArthur SL, Manasseh R. Ultrasonic Separation of Particulate Fluids in Small and Large Scale Systems: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402295r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Juliano
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, 671 Sneydes Rd, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
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Costa AR, Rodrigues ME, Henriques M, Oliveira R, Azeredo J. Glycosylation: impact, control and improvement during therapeutic protein production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:281-99. [PMID: 23919242 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.793649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the biopharmaceutical industry represented a major revolution for modern medicine, through the development of recombinant therapeutic proteins that brought new hope for many patients with previously untreatable diseases. There is a ever-growing demand for these therapeutics that forces a constant technological evolution to increase product yields while simultaneously reducing costs. However, the process changes made for this purpose may also affect the quality of the product, a factor that was initially overlooked but which is now a major focus of concern. Of the many properties determining product quality, glycosylation is regarded as one of the most important, influencing, for example, the biological activity, serum half-life and immunogenicity of the protein. Consequently, monitoring and control of glycosylation is now critical in biopharmaceutical manufacturing and a requirement of regulatory agencies. A rapid evolution is being observed in this context, concerning the influence of glycosylation in the efficacy of different therapeutic proteins, the impact on glycosylation of a diversity of parameters/processes involved in therapeutic protein production, the analytical methodologies employed for glycosylation monitoring and control, as well as strategies that are being explored to use this property to improve therapeutic protein efficacy (glycoengineering). This work reviews the main findings on these subjects, providing an up-to-date source of information to support further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Costa
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
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31
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Jungbauer A. Continuous downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:479-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Toscano A, Hellio C, Marzo A, Milani M, Lebret K, Cirelli GL, Langergraber G. Removal efficiency of a constructed wetland combined with ultrasound and UV devices for wastewater reuse in agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2327-2336. [PMID: 24350488 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.767284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the treatment efficiency of a chemical-free water treatment for treating the secondary effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant with the aim of reusing the water for agriculture. Urban wastewater was treated by three units run in series: a full-scale horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland, a small pond with an ultrasound (US) system and a UV device. The treatment efficiency was evaluated in terms of the Italian wastewater limits for irrigation reuse, water quality improvement (removal percentage) and algae bloom control. The tolerable infection risk, associated with the use of wastewaters for irrigating crops, was also assessed by applying the microbial risk analyses proposed in the WHO guidelines for wastewater reuse. The constructed wetland was efficient in reducing physical-chemical and microbiological concentrations, and its efficiency was very steady over the investigation period. The UV system significantly improved water quality (p<0.05) in terms of pathogen concentration with a further average decrease from 0.35 to 1.23 log units, depending on the microbiological parameter. The US device was able to prevent algae bloom on a free water surface and maintain Chlorophyll-a concentration stable and low 2 months after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Toscano
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Claire Hellio
- School of Biological Sciences, Portsmouth University, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Alessia Marzo
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mirco Milani
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Karen Lebret
- School of Biological Sciences, Portsmouth University, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Giuseppe L Cirelli
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Günter Langergraber
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Burguillos MA, Magnusson C, Nordin M, Lenshof A, Augustsson P, Hansson MJ, Elmér E, Lilja H, Brundin P, Laurell T, Deierborg T. Microchannel acoustophoresis does not impact survival or function of microglia, leukocytes or tumor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64233. [PMID: 23724038 PMCID: PMC3664584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of acoustic forces to manipulate particles or cells at the microfluidic scale (i.e. acoustophoresis), enables non-contact, label-free separation based on intrinsic cell properties such as size, density and compressibility. Acoustophoresis holds great promise as a cell separation technique in several research and clinical areas. However, it has been suggested that the force acting upon cells undergoing acoustophoresis may impact cell viability, proliferation or cell function via subtle phenotypic changes. If this were the case, it would suggest that the acoustophoresis method would be a less useful tool for many cell analysis applications as well as for cell therapy. METHODS We investigate, for the first time, several key aspects of cellular changes following acoustophoretic processing. We used two settings of ultrasonic actuation, one that is used for cell sorting (10 Vpp operating voltage) and one that is close to the maximum of what the system can generate (20 Vpp). We used microglial cells and assessed cell viability and proliferation, as well as the inflammatory response that is indicative of more subtle changes in cellular phenotype. Furthermore, we adapted a similar methodology to monitor the response of human prostate cancer cells to acoustophoretic processing. Lastly, we analyzed the respiratory properties of human leukocytes and thrombocytes to explore if acoustophoretic processing has adverse effects. RESULTS BV2 microglia were unaltered after acoustophoretic processing as measured by apoptosis and cell turnover assays as well as inflammatory cytokine response up to 48 h following acoustophoresis. Similarly, we found that acoustophoretic processing neither affected the cell viability of prostate cancer cells nor altered their prostate-specific antigen secretion following androgen receptor activation. Finally, human thrombocytes and leukocytes displayed unaltered mitochondrial respiratory function and integrity after acoustophoretic processing. CONCLUSION We conclude that microchannel acoustophoresis can be used for effective continuous flow-based cell separation without affecting cell viability, proliferation, mitochondrial respiration or inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Burguillos
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Nordin
- Department of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Augustsson
- Department of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus J. Hansson
- Mitochondrial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Clincke MF, Mölleryd C, Zhang Y, Lindskog E, Walsh K, Chotteau V. Very high density of CHO cells in perfusion by ATF or TFF in WAVE bioreactor™. Part I. Effect of the cell density on the process. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:754-67. [PMID: 23436789 PMCID: PMC3752962 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High cell density perfusion process of antibody producing CHO cells was developed in disposable WAVE Bioreactor™ using external hollow fiber filter as cell separation device. Both "classical" tangential flow filtration (TFF) and alternating tangential flow system (ATF) equipment were used and compared. Consistency of both TFF- and ATF-based cultures was shown at 20-35 × 10(6) cells/mL density stabilized by cell bleeds. To minimize the nutrients deprivation and by-product accumulation, a perfusion rate correlated to the cell density was applied. The cells were maintained by cell bleeds at density 0.9-1.3 × 10(8) cells/mL in growing state and at high viability for more than 2 weeks. Finally, with the present settings, maximal cell densities of 2.14 × 10(8) cells/mL, achieved for the first time in a wave-induced bioreactor, and 1.32 × 10(8) cells/mL were reached using TFF and ATF systems, respectively. Using TFF, the cell density was limited by the membrane capacity for the encountered high viscosity and by the pCO2 level. Using ATF, the cell density was limited by the vacuum capacity failing to pull the highly viscous fluid. Thus, the TFF system allowed reaching higher cell densities. The TFF inlet pressure was highly correlated to the viscosity leading to the development of a model of this pressure, which is a useful tool for hollow fiber design of TFF and ATF. At very high cell density, the viscosity introduced physical limitations. This led us to recommend cell densities under 1.46 × 10(8) cell/mL based on the analysis of the theoretical distance between the cells for the present cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Clincke
- School of Biotechnology, Cell Technology Group, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Current state and recent advances in biopharmaceutical production in Escherichia coli, yeasts and mammalian cells. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:257-74. [PMID: 23385853 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Almost all of the 200 or so approved biopharmaceuticals have been produced in one of three host systems: the bacterium Escherichia coli, yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris) and mammalian cells. We describe the most widely used methods for the expression of recombinant proteins in the cytoplasm or periplasm of E. coli, as well as strategies for secreting the product to the growth medium. Recombinant expression in E. coli influences the cell physiology and triggers a stress response, which has to be considered in process development. Increased expression of a functional protein can be achieved by optimizing the gene, plasmid, host cell, and fermentation process. Relevant properties of two yeast expression systems, S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris, are summarized. Optimization of expression in S. cerevisiae has focused mainly on increasing the secretion, which is otherwise limiting. P. pastoris was recently approved as a host for biopharmaceutical production for the first time. It enables high-level protein production and secretion. Additionally, genetic engineering has resulted in its ability to produce recombinant proteins with humanized glycosylation patterns. Several mammalian cell lines of either rodent or human origin are also used in biopharmaceutical production. Optimization of their expression has focused on clonal selection, interference with epigenetic factors and genetic engineering. Systemic optimization approaches are applied to all cell expression systems. They feature parallel high-throughput techniques, such as DNA microarray, next-generation sequencing and proteomics, and enable simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters. Systemic approaches, together with technological advances such as disposable bioreactors and microbioreactors, are expected to lead to increased quality and quantity of biopharmaceuticals, as well as to reduced product development times.
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Yang F, Yang X, Jiang H, Butler WM, Wang G. Dielectrophoretic Separation of Prostate Cancer Cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2013; 12:61-70. [DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Separation of cancer cells from other biological materials is significant for circulating tumor cell detection in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, separation of one type of cancer cell from other types of cancer cells can be difficult, since they share similar morphology and biomarkers. In the present work, we have successfully manipulated and isolated LNCaP prostate cancer cells from HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, by dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a microfluidic platform in a continuous operation. In this cell sorter, the prostate cancer cells were treated as target cells and were deflected to a side channel from a main channel as they experienced a negative DEP force, when an AC electric field at the cross-over frequency of the HCT116 cells was supplied. This motion consequently led to the separation of the prostate cancer cells from the colorectal cancer cells. In this manuscript, we report the flow conditions, DEP spectra of the cancer cells and the isolation of LNCaP cells from HCT116 cells. The separation and enrichment factor have been investigated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | - Guiren Wang
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Pohlscheidt M, Jacobs M, Wolf S, Thiele J, Jockwer A, Gabelsberger J, Jenzsch M, Tebbe H, Burg J. Optimizing capacity utilization by large scale 3000 L perfusion in seed train bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:222-9. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Godawat R, Brower K, Jain S, Konstantinov K, Riske F, Warikoo V. Periodic counter-current chromatography - design and operational considerations for integrated and continuous purification of proteins. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1496-508. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Henzler HJ. Kontinuierliche Fermentation mit tierischen Zellen. Teil 2. Techniken und Methoden der Zellrückhaltung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Warikoo V, Godawat R, Brower K, Jain S, Cummings D, Simons E, Johnson T, Walther J, Yu M, Wright B, McLarty J, Karey KP, Hwang C, Zhou W, Riske F, Konstantinov K. Integrated continuous production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:3018-29. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Surface acoustic wave induced particle manipulation in a PDMS channel--principle concepts for continuous flow applications. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:279-89. [PMID: 22076383 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A device for acoustic particle manipulation in the 40 MHz range for continuous-flow operation in a 50 μm wide PDMS channel has been evaluated. Unidirectional interdigital transducers on a Y-cut Z-propagation lithium nixobate wafer were used to excite a surface acoustic wave that generated an acoustic standing wave inside the microfluidic channel. It was shown that particle alignment nodes with different inter-node spacing could be obtained, depending on device design and driving frequency. The observed inter-node spacing differed from the standard half-wavelength inter-node spacing generally employed in bulk acoustic transducer excited resonant systems. This effect and the related issue of acoustic node positions relative the channel walls, which is fundamental for most continuous flow particle manipulation operations in channels, was evaluated in measurements and simulations. Specific applications of particle separation and alignment where these systems can offer benefits relative state-of the art designs were identified.
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43
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Agarwal G, Livermore C. Chip-based size-selective sorting of biological cells using high frequency acoustic excitation. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2204-11. [PMID: 21614404 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the size-selective sorting of single biological cells using the assembly process known as templated assembly by selective removal (TASR). We have demonstrated experimentally, for the first time, the selective placement and sorting of single SF9 cells (clonal isolate derived from Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall Armyworm) IPLB-Sf21-AE cells) into patterned hemispherical sites on rigid assembly templates using TASR. Nearly 100% of the assembly sites on the template were filled with matching cells (with assembly density as high as 900 sites per mm(2)) within short time spans of 3 minutes. 3-D reconstruction of cell profiles and volume analysis of cells trapped inside assembly sites demonstrates that only those cells that match the assembly site precisely (within 0.5 μm) in size are assembled on the template. The assembly conditions are also compatible with the extension of TASR to mammalian cells. TASR-based size-selective structuring and sorting of biological systems represents a valuable tool with potential for implementation in biological applications such as cell sorting for medical research or diagnostics, templating for artificial tissue replication, or isolation of single cells for the study of biological or mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Agarwal
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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44
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45
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Hu S, Deng L, Wang H, Zhuang Y, Chu J, Zhang S, Li Z, Guo M. Bioprocess development for the production of mouse-human chimeric anti-epidermal growth factor receptor vIII antibody C12 by suspension culture of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:247-58. [PMID: 21298341 PMCID: PMC3081043 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse-human chimeric anti-epidermal growth factor receptor vIII (EGFRvIII) antibody C12 is a promising candidate for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, 3 processes were successfully developed to produce C12 by cultivation of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-DG44) cells in serum-free medium. The effect of inoculum density was evaluated in batch cultures of shaker flasks to obtain the optimal inoculum density of 5 × 10(5) cells/mL. Then, the basic metabolic characteristics of CHO-C12 cells were studied in stirred bioreactor batch cultures. The results showed that the limiting concentrations of glucose and glutamine were 6 and 1 mM, respectively. The culture process consumed significant amounts of aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, serine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine. Aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, and serine were particularly exhausted in the early growth stage, thus limiting cell growth and antibody synthesis. Based on these findings, fed-batch and perfusion processes in the bioreactor were successfully developed with a balanced amino acid feed strategy. Fed-batch and especially perfusion culture effectively maintained high cell viability to prolong the culture process. Furthermore, perfusion cultures maximized the efficiency of nutrient utilization; the mean yield coefficient of antibody to consumed glucose was 44.72 mg/g and the mean yield coefficient of glutamine to antibody was 721.40 mg/g. Finally, in small-scale bioreactor culture, the highest total amount of C12 antibody (1,854 mg) was realized in perfusion cultures. Therefore, perfusion culture appears to be the optimal process for small-scale production of C12 antibody by rCHO-C12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200032 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200032 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. box 329, 130 Meilong Rd., 200237 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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46
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Tao Y, Shih J, Sinacore M, Ryll T, Yusuf-Makagiansar H. Development and implementation of a perfusion-based high cell density cell banking process. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:824-9. [PMID: 21538974 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A perfusion-based high cell density (HD) cell banking process has been developed that offers substantial advantages in time savings and simplification of upstream unit operations. HD cell banking provides the means to reduce the time required for culture inoculum expansion and scale-up by eliminating the need for multiple small to intermediate scale shake flask-based operations saving up to 9 days of operation during large-scale inoculum expansion. HD perfusion cultures were developed and optimized in a disposable Wave bioreactor system. Through optimization of perfusion rate, rocking speed and aeration rate, the perfusion system supported peak cell densities of >20 × 10(6) cells/mL while maintaining high cell viability (≥ 90%). The cells were frozen at HD (90-100 × 10(6) viable cells/mL) in 5-mL CryoTube vials. HD cell banks were demonstrated to enable direct inoculation of culture into a Wave bioreactor in the inoculum expansion train thus eliminating the need for intermediate shake flask expansion unit operations. The simplicity of the disposable perfusion system and high quality of the cell banks resulted in the successful implementation in a 2000 L scale manufacturing facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Tao
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen Idec Inc, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
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47
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Sarkar M, Schilffarth S, Schams D, Meyer HHD, Berisha B. The Expression of Thrombopoietin and its Receptor During Different Physiological Stages in the Bovine Ovary. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 46:757-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Huang YM, Hu W, Rustandi E, Chang K, Yusuf-Makagiansar H, Ryll T. Maximizing productivity of CHO cell-based fed-batch culture using chemically defined media conditions and typical manufacturing equipment. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1400-10. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Yang F, Yang X, Jiang H, Bulkhaults P, Wood P, Hrushesky W, Wang G. Dielectrophoretic separation of colorectal cancer cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:13204. [PMID: 20644667 PMCID: PMC2905264 DOI: 10.1063/1.3279786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Separation of colorectal cancer cells from other biological materials is important for stool-based diagnosis of colorectal cancer. In this paper, we use conventional dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic chip to manipulate and isolate HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. It is noticed that at a particular alternating current frequency band, the HCT116 cells are clearly deflected to a side channel from the main channel after the electric activation of an electrode pair. This motion caused by negative dielectrophoresis can be used to simply and rapidly separate cancer cells from other cells. In this manuscript, we report the chip design, flow conditions, dielectrophoretic spectrum of the cancer cells, and the enrichment factor of the colorectal cancer cells from other cells.
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Exploring the mechanism of beta-amyloid toxicity attenuation by multivalent sialic acid polymers through the use of mathematical models. J Theor Biol 2009; 258:189-97. [PMID: 19217912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
beta-Amyloid peptide (A beta), the primary protein component in senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been implicated in neurotoxicity associated with AD. Previous studies have shown that the A beta-neuronal membrane interaction plays a role in the mechanism of A beta toxicity. More specifically, it is thought that A beta interacts with ganglioside rich and sialic acid rich regions of cell surfaces. In light of such evidence, we have used a number of different sialic acid compounds of different valency or number of sialic acid moieties per molecule to attenuate A beta toxicity in a cell culture model. In this work, we proposed various mathematical models of A beta interaction with both the cell membrane and with the multivalent sialic acid compounds, designed to act as membrane mimics. These models allow us to explore the mechanism of action of this class of sialic acid membrane mimics in attenuating the toxicity of A beta. The mathematical models, when compared with experimental data, facilitate the discrimination between different modes of action of these materials. Understanding the mechanism of action of A beta toxicity inhibitors should provide insight into the design of the next generation of molecules that could be used to prevent A beta toxicity associated with AD.
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