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Ferreira-Lucena LR, Xavier AISF, Netto AM, Magnata SDSLP, Siqueira Lima G, Amaral A. Extending culture time to improve Mitotic Index for cytogenetic dosimetry. Int J Radiat Biol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38787719 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2356545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effects of extending lymphocyte cultivation time on the Mitotic Index, frequency of first-division cells, and dose estimation after irradiating blood samples with different doses of radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from two healthy male volunteers were separately irradiated with three doses (3, 5, and 6 Gy) using a 60Co gamma source (average dose rate: 1.48 kGy.h-1) and cultivated in vitro for conventional (48 h) and extended (56, 68, and 72 h) amounts of time. Colcemid (0.01 µg.mL-1) was added at the beginning of the culture period. Cells were fixed, stained with fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG), and analyzed under a light microscope. The effects of prolonged culture duration on the Mitotic Index (MI), frequency of first-division cells (M1 cells), and the First-Division Mitotic Index (FDMI) were investigated. The estimation of delivered doses was conducted using a conventional 48h-culture calibration curve. RESULTS Overall, cells presented higher MI (up to 12-fold) with the extension of culture, while higher radiation doses led to lower MI values (up to 80% reduction at 48 h). Cells irradiated with higher doses (5 and 6 Gy) had the most significant increase (5- to 12-fold) of MI as the cultivation was prolonged. The frequency of M1 cells decreased with the prolongation of culture for all doses (up to 75% reduction), while irradiated cells presented higher frequencies of M1 cells than non-irradiated ones. FDMI increased for all irradiated cultures but most markedly in those irradiated with higher doses (up to 10-fold). The conventional 48h-culture calibration curve proved adequate for assessing the delivered dose based on dicentric frequency following a 72-hour culture. CONCLUSION Compared to the conventional 48-hour protocol, extending the culture length to 72 hours significantly increased the Mitotic Index and the number of first-division metaphases of irradiated lymphocytes, providing slides with a better scorable metaphase density. Extending the culture time to 72 hours, combined with FPG staining to score exclusively first-division metaphases, improved the counting of dicentric chromosomes. The methodology presented and discussed in this study can be a powerful tool for dicentric-based biodosimetry, especially when exposure to high radiation doses is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Rodolfo Ferreira-Lucena
- Nuclear Energy Department, Laboratory of Modeling and Biological Dosimetry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - André Maciel Netto
- Nuclear Energy Department, Laboratory of Modeling and Biological Dosimetry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Giovanna Siqueira Lima
- Nuclear Energy Department, Laboratory of Modeling and Biological Dosimetry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Nuclear Energy Department, Laboratory of Modeling and Biological Dosimetry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Karamysheva TV, Lebedev IN, Minaycheva LI, Nazarenko LP, Kashevarova AA, Fedotov DA, Skryabin NA, Lopatkina ME, Cheremnykh AD, Fonova EA, Nikitina TV, Sazhenova EA, Skleimova MM, Kolesnikov NA, Drozdov GV, Yakovleva YS, Seitova GN, Orishchenko KE, Rubtsov NB. A case report of Pallister-Killian syndrome with an unusual mosaic supernumerary marker chromosome 12 with interstitial 12p13.1-p12.1 duplication. Front Genet 2024; 15:1331066. [PMID: 38528911 PMCID: PMC10961358 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1331066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare inherited disease with multiple congenital anomalies, profound intellectual disability, and the presence in the karyotype of sSMC - i(12)(p10). The frequency of PKS may be underestimated due to problems with cytogenetic diagnosis caused by tissue-specific mosaicism and usually a low percentage of peripheral blood cells containing sSMC. Such tissue-specific mosaicism also complicates a detailed analysis of the sSMC, which, along with the assessment of mosaicism in different tissues, is an important part of cytogenetic diagnosis in PKS. Unfortunately, a full-fledged diagnosis in PKS is either practically impossible or complicated. On the one hand, this is due to problems with the biopsy of various tissues (skin biopsy with fibroblast culture is most often used in practice); on the other - a low percentage of dividing peripheral blood cells containing sSMC, which often significantly complicates the analysis of its composition and organization. In the present study, a detailed analysis of sSMC was carried out in a patient with a characteristic clinical picture of PKS. A relatively high percentage of peripheral blood cells with sSMC (50%) made it possible to perform a detailed molecular cytogenetic analysis of de novo sSMC using chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization (CISS-hybridization), multicolor FISH (mFISH), multicolor chromosome banding (MCB), array CGH (aCGH), and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and short tandem repeat (STR) - analysis. As a result, it was found that the sSMC is not a typical PKS derivative of chromosome 12. In contrast to the classical i(12)(p10) for PKS, the patient's cells contained an acrocentric chromosome consisting of 12p material. Clusters of telomeric repeats were found at the both ends of the sSMC. Furthemore, the results of aCGH and qPCR indicate the presence of interstitial 8.9 Mb duplication at 12p13.1-p12.1 within the sSMC, which leads to different representations of DNA from different segments of 12p within cells containing sSMC. The obtained data raise the question of the instability of the sSMC and, as a consequence, the possible presence of additional rearrangements, which, in traditional cytogenetic analysis of patients with PKS, are usually described as i(12)(p10).
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Karamysheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I. N. Lebedev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L. I. Minaycheva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L. P. Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A. A. Kashevarova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - D. A. Fedotov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N. A. Skryabin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M. E. Lopatkina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A. D. Cheremnykh
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E. A. Fonova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T. V. Nikitina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E. A. Sazhenova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M. M. Skleimova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N. A. Kolesnikov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - G. V. Drozdov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Y. S. Yakovleva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - G. N. Seitova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - K. E. Orishchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N. B. Rubtsov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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de Jong H, van de Belt J, Fransz P. Critical Steps in DAPI and FISH Imaging of Chromosome Spread Preparations. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2672:247-256. [PMID: 37335481 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3226-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The final step in a long period of chromosome slide experiments is the publication of DAPI and multicolor fluorescence images. Quite often the result of published artwork is disappointing due to insufficient knowledge of image processing and presentation. In this chapter we describe some errors of fluorescence photomicrographs and how to avoid them. We include suggestions of processing chromosome images with simple examples of image processing in Photoshop® or the like, without the need of complex knowledge of the software programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans de Jong
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - José van de Belt
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Fransz
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Fopp-Bayat D, Kuciński M. An efficient protocol for chromosome isolation from sterlet (A. ruthenus) embryos and larvae. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 238:106953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liehr T, Weise A, Person L, Padutsch N, Kankel S. How to Obtain High-Quality Metaphase Spreads for Molecular Cytogenetics. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e392. [PMID: 35213072 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interphase or metaphase nuclei can be accessed in molecular cytogenetic analyses. Metaphase spreads are routinely studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to answer clinical genetic questions. Even though metaphase quality is essential for FISH studies, there is limited ability in clinical cases to improve the quality of cytogenetic preparations. However, the quality of preps is important for the exact localization of FISH signals, which is necessary to identify individual chromosomes and chromosomal sub-regions using inverted DAPI banding. Here we present an efficient and easy-to-perform variant of standard slide pretreatment before a normal FISH procedure. This method reproducibly leads to solid, "steel," nonfuzzy, and well-DAPI-banded metaphases. This protocol works in blood lymphocyte and amniotic fluid-derived fibroblasts. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Slide pretreatment for high-quality metaphases for molecular cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Weise
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Luisa Person
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Padutsch
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kankel
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
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6
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A DAPI-Based Modified C-banding Technique for a Rapid Achieving High Photographic Contrast of Centromeres on Chromosomes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:375-384. [PMID: 35137344 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many chromosome assays rely on the quantification of chromosome abnormalities in cells, and one important abnormality is the existence of more than one centromere for each chromosome. The quantification of such abnormalities has been studied before. However, this process is labor-intensive and time consuming. Thus, this assay is challenging for ex-laboratory applications, where speed is required. We present a visualization method that uses a cheap stain-DAPI, long (e.g., high-resolution) chromosomes and our modified C-banding method for labeling chromosomes. The labeled chromosomes can then be easily seen with a conventional and readily available fluorescence microscopy system. This method achieves an acceleration of the detection of the presence of constitutive heterochromatin in chromosomal centromeres by more than 10 times, to ~2 h, in Human lymphocyte cells and in cells of the human Jurkat line. This new procedure will ultimately provide an easier and cheaper alternative to FISH/PNA probes, or the classic Giemsa staining method. Simplification and reduction in time of the overall procedure will enable the utilization of centromere-counting assays in laboratory and ex-laboratory applications, including in emergency response.
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Sreedharan H, Akhila Raj TV, Gopinath P, Geetha Raj JA, Narayanan G, Nair S, Joy Philip D, Raveendran S, Geetha P. Acute myeloid leukemia patients with variant or unusual translocations involving chromosomes 8 and 21 – A comprehensive cytogenetic profiling of three cases with review of literature. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:697-703. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_190_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Lebedev IN, Karamysheva TV, Elisaphenko EA, Makunin AI, Zhigalina DI, Lopatkina ME, Drozdov GV, Cheremnykh AD, Torkhova NB, Seitova GN, Vasilyev SA, Kashevarova AA, Nazarenko LP, Rubtsov NB. Prenatal Diagnosis of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 10 by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Microdissected Chromosome Sequencing. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081030. [PMID: 34440234 PMCID: PMC8391546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpreting the clinical significance of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) in prenatal diagnosis is still an urgent problem in genetic counselling regarding the fate of a pregnancy. We present a case of prenatal diagnosis of mosaic sSMC(10) in a foetus with a normal phenotype. Comprehensive cytogenomic analyses by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), sSMC microdissection with next-generation sequencing (NGS) of microdissected library, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with locus-specific and telomere-specific DNA probes and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that sSMC(10) had a ring structure and was derived from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10 with involvement of the 10p11.21-p11.1 and 10q11.21-q11.23 at 1.243 Mb and 7.173 Mb in size, respectively. We observed a difference in the length of sSMC(10) between NGS data of the DNA library derived from a single copy of sSMC(10), and aCGH results that may indicate instability and structural mosaicism for ring chromosomes in foetal cells. The presence of a 9 Mb euchromatin region in the analysed sSMC(10) did not lead to clinical manifestations, and a healthy girl was born at term. We suggest that the ring structure of sSMCs could influence sSMC manifestations and should be taken into account in genetic counselling during prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N. Lebedev
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-38-2251-1109
| | - Tatyana V. Karamysheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.V.K.); (E.A.E.); (N.B.R.)
| | - Eugeny A. Elisaphenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.V.K.); (E.A.E.); (N.B.R.)
| | | | - Daria I. Zhigalina
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Maria E. Lopatkina
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Gleb V. Drozdov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Aleksander D. Cheremnykh
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Natalia B. Torkhova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Gulnara N. Seitova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Stanislav A. Vasilyev
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Anna A. Kashevarova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Ludmila P. Nazarenko
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Nikolay B. Rubtsov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.V.K.); (E.A.E.); (N.B.R.)
- Department of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Asana Marican HT, Sun LWH, Shen H. A Simple Method to Establish Metaphase Chromosomes from Individual Zebrafish Embryos. Zebrafish 2021; 18:338-341. [PMID: 34382863 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic approach based on metaphase chromosomes established from dividing cells enables direct microscopic visualization of individual chromosomes, a powerful technique to investigate aneuploidy, chromosome aberrations, and genomic instability. In this study, we describe a simple method based on direct blocking of metaphases in individual zebrafish embryo and dropping slides with temperature changes, water vapor, and acetic acid treatment to increase the metaphase diameters. We demonstrate that well-separated metaphases could be established from single zebrafish embryos using this method. Our method could be further adapted for the analyses of DNA damage, chromosome aberrations, and genomic instability using zebrafish and other teleost models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas W H Sun
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Karamysheva TV, Gayner TA, Muzyka VV, Orishchenko KE, Rubtsov NB. Two Separate Cases: Complex Chromosomal Abnormality Involving Three Chromosomes and Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome in Patients with Impaired Reproductive Function. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121511. [PMID: 33348590 PMCID: PMC7766715 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For medical genetic counseling, estimating the chance of a child being born with chromosome abnormality is crucially important. Cytogenetic diagnostics of parents with a balanced karyotype are a special case. Such chromosome rearrangements cannot be detected with comprehensive chromosome screening. In the current paper, we consider chromosome diagnostics in two cases of chromosome rearrangement in patients with balanced karyotype and provide the results of a detailed analysis of complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving three chromosomes and a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in a patient with impaired reproductive function. The application of fluorescent in situ hybridization, microdissection, and multicolor banding allows for describing analyzed karyotypes in detail. In the case of a CCR, such as the one described here, the probability of gamete formation with a karyotype, showing a balance of chromosome regions, is extremely low. Recommendation for the family in genetic counseling should take into account the obtained result. In the case of an sSMC, it is critically important to identify the original chromosome from which the sSMC has been derived, even if the euchromatin material is absent. Finally, we present our view on the optimal strategy of identifying and describing sSMCs, namely the production of a microdissectional DNA probe from the sSMC combined with a consequent reverse painting.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormal Karyotype
- Abortion, Habitual/genetics
- Adult
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/ultrastructure
- DNA Probes
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Genetic Counseling
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infertility, Female/genetics
- Infertility, Male/genetics
- Male
- Metaphase
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Karamysheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (K.E.O.); (N.B.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-49-63 (ext. 1332)
| | - Tatyana A. Gayner
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Center of New Medical Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Muzyka
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (K.E.O.); (N.B.R.)
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin E. Orishchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (K.E.O.); (N.B.R.)
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Rubtsov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (K.E.O.); (N.B.R.)
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Yao Q, Gao J, Chen F, Li W. Development and application of an optimized drop-slide technique for metaphase chromosome spreads in maize. Biotech Histochem 2019; 95:276-284. [PMID: 31762324 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1686167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome spreads are important for complex molecular cytogenetic studies. An adequate chromosome spreading method for identification and isolation of the maize B chromosome, however, has not been reported. We used the maize inbred lines, B73 and Mo17, the hybrid YD08 line and the landrace DP76 to develop an optimized chromosome spreading method. We investigated the effects of four treatment factors on the quality of metaphase chromosome spreads using a factorial analysis of variance. Optimal conditions for metaphase spreading were identified using regression analysis based on multifactor orthogonal design of four treatment factors with five levels for each factor. We developed optimal conditions for metaphase spreading as follows: nitrous oxide treatment for 2 h, glacial acetic acid fixation for 2 h, enzyme hydrolysis for 6.0 h, and a drop height of 35 cm for cell suspension. We obtained high quality metaphase chromosome spreads with large metaphase areas, large numbers of chromosomes, few chromosome overlaps and high frequency of intact metaphases. Our optimized drop-slide procedure was markedly better than the traditional flame smear technique. We identified 487 B chromosomes in three forms from maize landraces from Southwest China. We found no relation between the C-band number and B chromosome. Single B chromosomes also were isolated directly from a metaphase chromosome drop-slide using a micromanipulator. Our optimized method provides a simple, efficient and reproducible procedure for preparing high quality plant chromosome spreads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilun Yao
- Department of Life Sciences, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, P. R. China.,Centre for Green Development and Collaborative Innovation in Wuling Mountain Region, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, P. R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Life Sciences, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, P. R. China.,Centre for Green Development and Collaborative Innovation in Wuling Mountain Region, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, P. R. China
| | - Fabo Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, P. R. China.,Centre for Green Development and Collaborative Innovation in Wuling Mountain Region, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, P. R. China.,Centre for Green Development and Collaborative Innovation in Wuling Mountain Region, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, P. R. China
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12
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Pilkington SM, Tahir J, Hilario E, Gardiner SE, Chagné D, Catanach A, McCallum J, Jesson L, Fraser LG, McNeilage MA, Deng C, Crowhurst RN, Datson PM, Zhang Q. Genetic and cytological analyses reveal the recombination landscape of a partially differentiated plant sex chromosome in kiwifruit. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:172. [PMID: 31039740 PMCID: PMC6492441 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiosperm sex chromosomes, where present, are generally recently evolved. The key step in initiating the development of sex chromosomes from autosomes is the establishment of a sex-determining locus within a region of non-recombination. To better understand early sex chromosome evolution, it is important to determine the process by which recombination is suppressed around the sex determining genes. We have used the dioecious angiosperm kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, which has an active-Y sex chromosome system, to study recombination rates around the sex locus, to better understand key events in the development of sex chromosomes. RESULTS We have confirmed the sex-determining region (SDR) in A. chinensis var. chinensis, using a combination of high density genetic mapping and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) of Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) linked to the sex markers onto pachytene chromosomes. The SDR is a subtelomeric non-recombining region adjacent to the nucleolar organiser region (NOR). A region of restricted recombination of around 6 Mbp in size in both male and female maps spans the SDR and covers around a third of chromosome 25. CONCLUSIONS As recombination is suppressed over a similar region between X chromosomes and between and X and Y chromosomes, we propose that recombination is suppressed in this region because of the proximity of the NOR and the centromere, with both the NOR and centromere suppressing recombination, and this predates suppressed recombination due to differences between X and Y chromosomes. Such regions of suppressed recombination in the genome provide an opportunity for the evolution of sex chromosomes, if a sex-determining locus develops there or translocates into this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Pilkington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - J. Tahir
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - E. Hilario
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - S. E. Gardiner
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - D. Chagné
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - A. Catanach
- PFR, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - J. McCallum
- PFR, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - L. Jesson
- PFR, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, 4157 New Zealand
| | - L. G. Fraser
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - M. A. McNeilage
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - C. Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - R. N. Crowhurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - P. M. Datson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Q. Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
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13
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Krishna Chandran R, Geetha N, Sakthivel KM, Suresh Kumar R, Jagathnath Krishna KMN, Sreedharan H. Impact of Additional Chromosomal Aberrations on the Disease Progression of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:88. [PMID: 30891424 PMCID: PMC6411713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) in Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL1 positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), is considered to be a feature of disease evolution. However, their frequency of incidence, impact on prognosis and treatment response effect in CML is not conclusive. In the present study, we performed a chromosome analysis of 489 patients in different clinical stages of CML, using conventional GTG-banding, Fluorescent in situ Hybridization and Spectral Karyotyping. Among the de novo CP cases, ACAs were observed in 30 patients (10.20%) with lowest incidence, followed by IM resistant CP (16.66%) whereas in AP and BC, the occurrence of ACAs were higher, and was about 40.63 and 50.98%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of ACAs were compared between the study groups and it was found that the incidence of ACAs was higher in BC compared to de novo and IM resistant CP cases. Likewise, it was higher in AP patients when compared between de novo and IM resistant CP cases, mirroring the fact of cytogenetic evolution with disease progression in CML. In addition, we observed 10 novel and 10 rare chromosomal aberrations among the study subjects. This study pinpoints the fact that the genome of advanced phase patients was highly unstable, and this environment of genomic instability is responsible for the high occurrence of ACAs. Treatment response analysis revealed that compared to initial phases, ACAs were associated with an adverse prognostic effect during the progressive stages of CML. This study further portrayed the cytogenetic mechanism of disease evolution in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Krishna Chandran
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
| | - Narayanan Geetha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
| | - Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.,Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - Raveendran Suresh Kumar
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
| | | | - Hariharan Sreedharan
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
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14
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Genomic amplification of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and its impact on the disease progression mechanism in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Gene 2018; 686:85-91. [PMID: 30399426 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Identification of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene amplification status is critically important in the effective management of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. Earlier reports suggested that overexpression of BCR-ABL1 either through amplification of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene or by the up regulation of BCR-ABL1 transcript level might be an early phenomenon in the establishment of IM resistance and disease evolution in CML. In the current study, we performed dual color dual fusion locus specific BCR/ABL1 FISH analysis along with karyotype analysis using GTG banding (G-banding using trypsin and Giemsa) technique in 489 patients with different clinical stages of CML at diagnosis or during the course of the disease to unravel the spectrum of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene amplification status. Among the study group analyzed, it was found that prevalence of occurrence of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene amplification was significantly higher in advanced stages of disease and in IM resistant CML-CP patients when compared to initial stage of disease, de novo CML-CP. Cytogenetic and metaphase FISH characterization on our study samples revealed that BCR-ABL1 fusion gene amplification was occurred through the formation of extra copies Ph chromosomes and isoderived Ph chromosomes. Current study suggests that unrestrained activity of BCR-ABL1 played a vital role in resistance to targeted therapy and disease evolution in CML. In our study population, patients in progressive stage CML and in IM resistant CP with multiple copies of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene displayed a poor response to targeted treatment with IM. Hence, the early identification of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene amplification using FISH technique will lead to improved interventions and outcome in future CML patients.
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15
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Pan D, Du Y, Ren Z, Chen Y, Li X, Wang J, Hu B. Radiation induces premature chromatid separation via the miR-142-3p/Bod1 pathway in carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60432-60445. [PMID: 27527863 PMCID: PMC5312394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced genomic instability plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Bod1 is required for proper chromosome biorientation, and Bod1 depletion increases premature chromatid separation. MiR-142-3p influences cell cycle progression and inhibits proliferation and invasion in cervical carcinoma cells. We found that radiation induced premature chromatid separation and altered miR-142-3p and Bod1 expression in 786-O and A549 cells. Overexpression of miR-142-3p increased premature chromatid separation and G2/M cell cycle arrest in 786-O cells by suppressing Bod1 expression. We also found that either overexpression of miR-142-3p or knockdown of Bod1 sensitized 786-O and A549 cells to X-ray radiation. Overexpression of Bod1 inhibited radiation- and miR-142-3p-induced premature chromatid separation and increased resistance to radiation in 786-O and A549 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that radiation alters miR-142-3p and Bod1 expression in carcinoma cells, and thus contributes to early stages of radiation-induced genomic instability. Combining ionizing radiation with epigenetic regulation may help improve cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yarong Du
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenxin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaxiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Burong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Rodríguez-Domínguez JM, Ríos-Lara LL, Tapia-Campos E, Barba-Gonzalez R. An improved technique for obtaining well-spread metaphases from plants with numerous large chromosomes. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:159-166. [PMID: 28418749 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1288927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations that contain well-spread metaphase chromosomes are critical for plant cytogenetic analyses including chromosome counts, banding procedures, in situ hybridization, karyotyping and construction of ideograms. Chromosome spreading is difficult for plants with large and numerous chromosomes. We report here a technique for obtaining cytoplasm-free, well-spread metaphases from two Amaryllidaceae species: Sprekelia formosissima (2n = 120) and Hymenocallis howardii (2n = 96). The technique has three main steps: 1) pretreatment to cause chromosome condensation, 2) dripping onto tilted slides coated with a thin layer of pure acetic acid and 3) application of steam and acetic acid to produce cytoplasmic hydrolysis, which spreads the chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rodríguez-Domínguez
- a Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco , A.C. Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - L L Ríos-Lara
- a Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco , A.C. Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - E Tapia-Campos
- a Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco , A.C. Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - R Barba-Gonzalez
- a Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco , A.C. Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
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17
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Erson-Omay EZ, Henegariu O, Omay SB, Harmancı AS, Youngblood MW, Mishra-Gorur K, Li J, Özduman K, Carrión-Grant G, Clark VE, Çağlar C, Bakırcıoğlu M, Pamir MN, Tabar V, Vortmeyer AO, Bilguvar K, Yasuno K, DeAngelis LM, Baehring JM, Moliterno J, Günel M. Longitudinal analysis of treatment-induced genomic alterations in gliomas. Genome Med 2017; 9:12. [PMID: 28153049 PMCID: PMC5290635 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) constitutes nearly half of all malignant brain tumors and has a median survival of 15 months. The standard treatment for these lesions includes maximal resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; however, individual tumors display immense variability in their response to these approaches. Genomic techniques such as whole-exome sequencing (WES) provide an opportunity to understand the molecular basis of this variability. Methods Here, we report WES-guided treatment of a patient with a primary GBM and two subsequent recurrences, demonstrating the dynamic nature of treatment-induced molecular changes and their implications for clinical decision-making. We also analyze the Yale-Glioma cohort, composed of 110 whole exome- or whole genome-sequenced tumor-normal pairs, to assess the frequency of genomic events found in the presented case. Results Our longitudinal analysis revealed how the genomic profile evolved under the pressure of therapy. Specifically targeted approaches eradicated treatment-sensitive clones while enriching for resistant ones, generated due to chromothripsis, which we show to be a frequent event in GBMs based on our extended analysis of 110 gliomas in the Yale-Glioma cohort. Despite chromothripsis and the later acquired mismatch-repair deficiency, genomics-guided personalized treatment extended survival to over 5 years. Interestingly, the case displayed a favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibition after acquiring mismatch repair deficiency. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the importance of longitudinal genomic profiling to adjust to the dynamic nature of treatment-induced molecular changes to improve the outcomes of precision therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0401-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Octavian Henegariu
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Bülent Omay
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akdes Serin Harmancı
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark W Youngblood
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ketu Mishra-Gorur
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Koray Özduman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acıbadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Geneive Carrión-Grant
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria E Clark
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caner Çağlar
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehmet Bakırcıoğlu
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Necmettin Pamir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acıbadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, Orange, CT, USA
| | - Katsuhito Yasuno
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joachim M Baehring
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Brain Tumor Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Moliterno
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Brain Tumor Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Brain Tumor Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Neurosurgery, PO Box 208082, New Haven, CT, 06520-8082, USA.
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18
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Kim E, Zheng Z, Jeon Y, Jin YX, Hwang SU, Cai L, Lee CK, Kim NH, Hyun SH. An Improved System for Generation of Diploid Cloned Porcine Embryos Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Synchronized to Metaphase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160289. [PMID: 27472781 PMCID: PMC4966966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs provide outstanding models of human genetic diseases due to their striking similarities with human anatomy, physiology and genetics. Although transgenic pigs have been produced using genetically modified somatic cells and nuclear transfer (SCNT), the cloning efficiency was extremely low. Here, we report an improved method to produce diploid cloned embryos from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs), which were synchronized to the G2/M stage using a double blocking method with aphidicolin and nocodazole. The efficiency of this synchronization method on our piPSC lines was first tested. Then, we modified our traditional SCNT protocol to find a workable protocol. In particular, the removal of a 6DMAP treatment post-activation enhanced the extrusion rate of pseudo-second-polar bodies (p2PB) (81.3% vs. 15.8%, based on peak time, 4hpa). Moreover, an immediate activation method yielded significantly more blastocysts than delayed activation (31.3% vs. 16.0%, based on fused embryos). The immunofluorescent results confirmed the effect of the 6DMAP treatment removal, showing remarkable p2PB extrusion during a series of nuclear transfer procedures. The reconstructed embryos from metaphase piPSCs with our modified protocol demonstrated normal morphology at 2-cell, 4-cell and blastocyst stages and a high rate of normal karyotype. This study demonstrated a new and efficient way to produce viable cloned embryos from piPSCs when synchronized to the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, which may lead to opportunities to produce cloned pigs from piPSCs more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubyeol Jeon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Xun Jin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture, Life, & Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ung Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Lian Cai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture, Life, & Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Razumova OV, Alexandrov OS, Divashuk MG, Sukhorada TI, Karlov GI. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of monoecious hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars reveals its karyotype variations and sex chromosomes constitution. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:895-901. [PMID: 26149370 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L., 2n = 20) is a dioecious plant. Sex expression is controlled by an X-to-autosome balance system consisting of the heteromorphic sex chromosomes XY for males and XX for females. Genetically monoecious hemp offers several agronomic advantages compared to the dioecious cultivars that are widely used in hemp cultivation. The male or female origin of monoecious maternal plants is unknown. Additionally, the sex chromosome composition of monoecious hemp forms remains unknown. In this study, we examine the sex chromosome makeup in monoecious hemp using a cytogenetic approach. Eight monoecious and two dioecious cultivars were used. The DNA of 210 monoecious plants was used for PCR analysis with the male-associated markers MADC2 and SCAR323. All monoecious plants showed female amplification patterns. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the subtelomeric CS-1 probe to chromosomes plates and karyotyping revealed a lack of Y chromosome and presence of XX sex chromosomes in monoecious cultivars with the chromosome number 2n = 20. There was a high level of intra- and intercultivar karyotype variation detected. The results of this study can be used for further analysis of the genetic basis of sex expression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Razumova
- Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Oleg S Alexandrov
- Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Divashuk
- Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Sukhorada
- Krasnodar Lukyanenko Research Institute of Agriculture, C/U KNIISH, Krasnodar, 350012, Russia
| | - Gennady I Karlov
- Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
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20
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Martin P, Thonagel S, Scholtz G. The parthenogenetic Marmorkrebs (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Cambaridae) is a triploid organism. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peer Martin
- Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Sven Thonagel
- Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Gerhard Scholtz
- Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Lemos-Pinto MMP, Cadena M, Santos N, Fernandes TS, Borges E, Amaral A. A dose-response curve for biodosimetry from a 6 MV electron linear accelerator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:908-14. [PMID: 26445334 PMCID: PMC4617117 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biological dosimetry (biodosimetry) is based on the investigation of radiation-induced biological effects (biomarkers), mainly dicentric chromosomes, in order to correlate them with radiation dose. To interpret the dicentric score in terms of absorbed dose, a calibration curve is needed. Each curve should be constructed with respect to basic physical parameters, such as the type of ionizing radiation characterized by low or high linear energy transfer (LET) and dose rate. This study was designed to obtain dose calibration curves by scoring of dicentric chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with a 6 MV electron linear accelerator (Mevatron M, Siemens, USA). Two software programs, CABAS (Chromosomal Aberration Calculation Software) and Dose Estimate, were used to generate the curve. The two software programs are discussed; the results obtained were compared with each other and with other published low LET radiation curves. Both software programs resulted in identical linear and quadratic terms for the curve presented here, which was in good agreement with published curves for similar radiation quality and dose rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M P Lemos-Pinto
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
| | - M Cadena
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
| | - N Santos
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
| | - T S Fernandes
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
| | - E Borges
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
| | - A Amaral
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
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22
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Raveendran S, Sarojam S, Vijay S, Geetha AC, Sreedharan J, Narayanan G, Sreedharan H. Mutation Analysis of IDH1/2 Genes in Unselected De novo Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Patients in India - Identification of A Novel IDH2 Mutation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4095-101. [PMID: 25987093 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
IDH1/2 mutations which result in alternation in DNA methylation pattern are one of the most common methylation associated mutations in Acute myeloid leukaemia. IDH1/2 mutations frequently associated with higher platelet level, normal cytogentics and NPM1 mutations. Here we analyzed IDH1/2 mutations in 200 newly diagnosed unselected Indian adult AML patients and investigated their correlation with clinical, cytogenetic parameters along with cooperating NPM1 mutation. We detected 5.5% and 4% mutations in IDH1/2 genes, respectively. Except IDH2 c.515_516GG>AA mutation, all the other identified mutations were reported mutations. Similar to reported c.515G>A mutation, the novel c.515_516GG>AA mutation replaces 172nd arginine to lysine in the active site of the enzyme. Even though there was a preponderance of IDH1/2 mutations in NK-AML, cytogenetically abnormal patients also harboured IDH1/2 mutations. IDH1 mutations showed significant higher platelet count and NPM1 mutations. IDH2 mutated patients displayed infrequent NPM1 mutations and lower WBC count. All the NPM1 mutations in the IDH1/2 mutated cases showed type A mutation. The present data suggest that IDH1/2 mutations are associated with normal cytogenetics and type A NPM1 mutations in adult Indian AML patients.
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23
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Sarojam S, Raveendran S, Vijay S, Sreedharan J, Narayanan G, Sreedharan H. Characterization of CEBPA Mutations and Polymorphisms and their Prognostic Relevance in De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3785-92. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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24
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Pinto M, Amaral A. Biological dose assessment after low-dose overexposures in nuclear medicine. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:254-259. [PMID: 24225496 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the application of dicentric chromosome assay biodosimetry in cases of low-dose overexposures to professionals working in nuclear medicine and discusses how to present the results and associated uncertainties, to make possible a better understanding of biodosimetric reports. Five examples are presented of low or possibly zero exposure dose that are illustrative of typical problems that arise in occupational settings, in this instance in nuclear medicine departments. This is a scenario of minor concern in terms of health consequences but it is relevant in legal terms. They pose dilemmas for investigators but biological dosimetry can make a valuable contribution to resolving the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Pinto
- Nuclear Energy Department of Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Av. Professor Luiz Freire, 1000, 50740-540 Recife, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Nuclear Energy Department of Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Av. Professor Luiz Freire, 1000, 50740-540 Recife, Brazil
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25
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Veyrunes F, Perez J, Borremans B, Gryseels S, Richards LR, Duran A, Chevret P, Robinson TJ, Britton-Davidian J. A new cytotype of the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides in Eastern Africa. Implications for the evolution of sex-autosome translocations. Chromosome Res 2014; 22:533-43. [PMID: 25159220 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-014-9440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The African pygmy mice (genus Mus, subgenus Nannomys) are recognized for their highly conserved morphology but extensive chromosomal diversity, particularly involving sex-autosome translocations, one of the rarest chromosomal rearrangements among mammals. It has been shown that in the absence of unambiguous diagnostic morphological traits, sex-autosome translocations offer accurate taxonomic markers. For example, in Mus minutoides, irrespective of the diploid number (which ranges from 2n = 18 to 34), all specimens possess the sex-autosome translocations (X.1) and (Y.1) that are unique to this species. In this study, we describe a new cytotype that challenges this view. Males are characterized by the translocation (Y.1) only, while females carry no sex-autosome translocation, the X chromosome being acrocentric. Hence, although sex-autosome translocations (X.1) and (Y.1) are still diagnostic when one or both are present, their absence does not rule out M. minutoides. This cytotype has a large distribution, with specimens found in Tanzania and in the eastern part of South Africa. The nonpervasive distribution of Rb(X.1) provides an opportunity to investigate different evolutionary scenarios of sex-autosome translocations using a phylogenetic framework and the distribution of telomeric repeats. The results tend to support a scenario involving a reversal event, i.e., fusion then fission of Rb(X.1), and highlighted the existence of a new X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system, confirming the remarkable diversity of neo-sex chromosomes and sex determination systems in the African pygmy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Veyrunes
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, UMR CNRS 5554, Montpellier, France,
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26
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Jaanson K, Sepp M, Aid-Pavlidis T, Timmusk T. BAC-based cellular model for screening regulators of BDNF gene transcription. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:75. [PMID: 24943717 PMCID: PMC4071165 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to a family of structurally related proteins called neurotrophins that have been shown to regulate survival and growth of neurons in the developing central and peripheral nervous system and also to take part in synaptic plasticity related processes in adulthood. Since BDNF is associated with several nervous system disorders it would be beneficial to have cellular reporter system for studying its expression regulation. Methods Using modified bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), we generated several transgenic cell lines expressing humanised Renilla luciferase (hRluc)-EGFP fusion reporter gene under the control of rat BDNF gene regulatory sequences (rBDNF-hRluc-EGFP) in HeLa background. To see if the hRluc-EGFP reporter was regulated in response to known regulators of BDNF expression we treated cell lines with substances known to regulate BDNF and also overexpressed transcription factors known to regulate BDNF gene in established cell lines. Results rBDNF-hRluc-EGFP cell lines had high transgene copy numbers when assayed with qPCR and FISH analysis showed that transgene was maintained episomally in all cell lines. Luciferase activity in transgenic cell lines was induced in response to ionomycin-mediated rise of intracellular calcium levels, treatment with HDAC inhibitors and by over-expression of transcription factors known to increase BDNF expression, indicating that transcription of the transgenic reporter is regulated similarly to the endogenous BDNF gene. Conclusions Generated rBDNF-hRluc-EGFP BAC cell lines respond to known modulators of BDNF expression and could be used for screening of compounds/small molecules or transcription factors altering BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaur Jaanson
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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27
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Bod1 regulates protein phosphatase 2A at mitotic kinetochores. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2677. [PMID: 24157919 PMCID: PMC3826647 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic entry and progression require the activation of several mitotic kinases and the proper regulation and localization of several phosphatases. The activity and localization of each of these enzymes is tightly controlled through a series of specific activators, inhibitors and regulatory subunits. Two proteins, Ensa and Arpp-19, were recently identified as specific inhibitors of PP2A-B55 and are critical for allowing full activity of Cdk1/cyclin B and entry into mitosis. Here we show that Bod1, a protein required for proper chromosome alignment at mitosis, shares sequence similarity with Ensa and Arpp-19 and specifically inhibits the kinetochore-associated PP2A-B56 holoenzyme. PP2A-B56 regulates the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments by dephosphorylating several kinetochore proteins. Loss of Bod1 changes the balance of phosphorylation at kinetochores, causing defects in kinetochore function. Bod1, Ensa and Arpp-19 define a family of specific PP2A inhibitors that regulate specific PP2A holoenzymes at distinct locations and points in the cell cycle. PP2A-B56 regulates the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments by dephosphorylating several kinetochore proteins. Porter et al. identify Bod1 as a specific inhibitor of PP2A-B56 phosphatase activity and show that this activity is required for proper chromosome alignment during mitosis.
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28
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Experimental characterization of methanol-acetic acid fixative sessile drop dynamics in dry and humid air by video imaging and interference analysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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A Semi-Closed Device for Chromosome Spreading for Cytogenetic Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/mi5020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Sauer S, Burkett SS, Lewandoski M, Klar AJS. A CO-FISH assay to assess sister chromatid segregation patterns in mitosis of mouse embryonic stem cells. Chromosome Res 2014; 21:311-28. [PMID: 23681662 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-013-9358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sister chromatids contain identical DNA sequence but are chiral with respect to both their helical handedness and their replication history. Emerging evidence from various model organisms suggests that certain stem cells segregate sister chromatids nonrandomly to either maintain genome integrity or to bias cellular differentiation in asymmetric cell divisions. Conventional methods for tracing of old vs. newly synthesized DNA strands generally lack resolution for individual chromosomes and employ halogenated thymidine analogs with profound cytotoxic effects on rapidly dividing cells. Here, we present a modified chromosome orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization (CO-FISH) assay, where identification of individual chromosomes and their replication history is achieved in subsequent hybridization steps with chromosome-specific DNA probes and PNA telomere probes. Importantly, we tackle the issue of BrdU cytotoxicity and show that our method is compatible with normal mouse ES cell biology, unlike a recently published related protocol. Results from our CO-FISH assay show that mitotic segregation of mouse chromosome 7 is random in ES cells, which contrasts previously published results from our laboratory and settles a controversy. Our straightforward protocol represents a useful resource for future studies on chromatid segregation patterns of in vitro-cultured cells from distinct model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sauer
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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31
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Tan AP, Dudani JS, Arshi A, Lee RJ, Tse HTK, Gossett DR, Di Carlo D. Continuous-flow cytomorphological staining and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:522-31. [PMID: 24217244 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cells suspended in bodily fluids are routinely analyzed by cytopathologists as a means of diagnosing malignancies and other diseases. The physical and morphological properties of these suspended cells are evaluated in making diagnostic decisions, which often requires manual concentration, staining, and washing procedures to extract information about intracellular architecture. The need to manually prepare slides for analysis by a cytopathologist is a labor-intensive process, which is ripe for additional automation to reduce costs but also to potentially provide more repeatable and improved accuracy in diagnoses. We have developed a microfluidic system to perform several steps in the preparation of samples for cytopathology that (i) automates colorimetric staining on-chip, and (ii) images cells in flow, as well as provides (iii) additional quantitative analyses of captured images to aid cytopathologists. A flow-through approach provides benefits by allowing staining and imaging to be performed in a continuous, integrated manner, which also overcomes previous challenges with in-suspension colorimetric staining. We envision such a tool may reduce costs and aid cytopathologists in identifying rare or characteristic cells of interest by providing isolated images along with quantitative metrics on single cells from various rotational angles, allowing efficient determination of disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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32
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Cornélio DA, Tavares JCM, Pimentel TVCDA, Cavalcanti GB, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay adapted for analyzing genomic instability of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:823-38. [PMID: 24328548 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells used in cell therapy research. One of the problems involving hMSCs is the possibility of genetic instability during in vitro expansion required to obtain a suitable number of cells for clinical applications. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay measures genetic instability by analyzing the presence of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in binucleated cells. The present study describes modifications in the CBMN assay methodology to analyze genetic instability in hMSCs isolated from the umbilical vein and in vitro expanded. The best protocol to achieve binucleated hMSCs with preserved cytoplasm was as follows: cytochalasin B concentration (4.0 μg/mL), use of hypotonic treatment (3 min), and the fixative solution (9 methanol:1 acetic acid). These adaptations were reproduced in three hMSC primary cell cultures and also in XP4PA and A549 cell lines. The frequency of hMSCs treated with mitomycin-C presenting MN was lower than that with other nuclear alterations, indicating that the hMSCs contain mechanisms to avoid a high level of chromosomal breaks. However, a high frequency of cells with NPBs was detected and spontaneous anaphase bridges under normal hMSC in vitro culture were observed. Considering that anaphase bridges are characteristic alterations in tumor cells, the CBMN assay is indicated as an important tool associated with other genetic analyses in order to ensure the safe clinical use of hMSCs in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Afonso Cornélio
- 1 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, Brazil
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Divashuk MG, Alexandrov OS, Razumova OV, Kirov IV, Karlov GI. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the dioecious Cannabis sativa with an XY chromosome sex determination system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85118. [PMID: 24465491 PMCID: PMC3897423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was karyotyped using by DAPI/C-banding staining to provide chromosome measurements, and by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes for 45 rDNA (pTa71), 5S rDNA (pCT4.2), a subtelomeric repeat (CS-1) and the Arabidopsis telomere probes. The karyotype has 18 autosomes plus a sex chromosome pair (XX in female and XY in male plants). The autosomes are difficult to distinguish morphologically, but three pairs could be distinguished using the probes. The Y chromosome is larger than the autosomes, and carries a fully heterochromatic DAPI positive arm and CS-1 repeats only on the less intensely DAPI-stained, euchromatic arm. The X is the largest chromosome of all, and carries CS-1 subtelomeric repeats on both arms. The meiotic configuration of the sex bivalent locates a pseudoautosomal region of the Y chromosome at the end of the euchromatic CS-1-carrying arm. Our molecular cytogenetic study of the C. sativa sex chromosomes is a starting point for helping to make C. sativa a promising model to study sex chromosome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G. Divashuk
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Alexandrov
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Razumova
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kirov
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady I. Karlov
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
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Sarojam S, Raveendran S, Narayanan G, Sreedharan H. Novel t(7;10)(p22;p24) along with NPM1 mutation in patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Saudi Med 2013; 33:619-22. [PMID: 24413869 PMCID: PMC6074915 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2013.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities/genetic mutations associated with hematological malignancies alter the structure and function of genes controlling cell proliferation and differentiation through multiple and complex pathways, resulting different clinical outcomes. This is a case study of a lady presented with acute myeloid leukemia (AML M1) at our center who relapsed 10 years after the induction therapy. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed in this case at the time of relapse to find out the chromosomal abnormalities and genetic abnormalities like FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) and nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutation. The cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow established a novel translocation t(7;10) (p22;q24) in 100% of the cells analyzed. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated blood culture also revealed the same abnormality. Apart from this, the molecular analysis showed NPM1 exon 12 (hot-spot) mutation in this patient. This was the first report of novel chromosomal translocation in this subset of AML in which a new translocation along with NPM1 mutation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Sarojam
- Mrs. Sarojam Santhi, Regional Cancer Centre,, Division of Cancer Research,, Medical College Campus,, Thiruvananthapuram,, Kerala 695011, India, T-0471-2522204, ,
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DNA probes for FISH analysis of C-negative regions in human chromosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2013. [PMID: 24026700 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-535-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful technology for studying the chromosome organization and aberrations as well as for searching the homology between chromosomal regions in mammals. Currently, FISH is used as a simple, rapid, and reliable technique for analyzing chromosomal rearrangements and assigning chromosomal breakpoints in modern diagnosing of chromosomal pathology. In addition to cloned DNA fragments, the DNA probes produced by sequence-independent polymerase chain reaction are widely used in FISH assays. As a rule, the DNA probes generated from a genomic or chromosomal DNA by whole genome amplification are enriched for repetitive elements and, consequently, efficient FISH analysis requires that repetitive DNA hybridization is suppressed. The linker-adapter polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR) using the genomic DNA hydrolyzed with HaeIII and RsaI restriction endonucleases allows the repetitive DNA fraction in DNA probe to be decreased and gene-rich DNA to be predominantly amplified. The protocol described here was proposed for production of the DNA probes for enhanced analysis of the C-negative regions in human chromosomes.
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36
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Qu YY, Xing LY, Hughes ED, Saunders TL. Chromosome Dropper Tool: Effect of Slide Angles on Chromosome Spread Quality for Murine Embryonic Stem Cells. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2008.31.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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37
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Beeharry N, Rattner JB, Caviston JP, Yen T. Centromere fragmentation is a common mitotic defect of S and G2 checkpoint override. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1588-97. [PMID: 23624842 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damaging agents, including those used in the clinic, activate cell cycle checkpoints, which blocks entry into mitosis. Given that checkpoint override results in cell death via mitotic catastrophe, inhibitors of the DNA damage checkpoint are actively being pursued as chemosensitization agents. Here we explored the effects of gemcitabine in combination with Chk1 inhibitors in a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines and found variable abilities to override the S phase checkpoint. In cells that were able to enter mitosis, the chromatin was extensively fragmented, as assessed by metaphase spreads and Comet assay. Notably, electron microscopy and high-resolution light microscopy showed that the kinetochores and centromeres appeared to be detached from the chromatin mass, in a manner reminiscent of mitosis with unreplicated genomes (MUGs). Cell lines that were unable to override the S phase checkpoint were able to override a G2 arrest induced by the alkylator MMS or the topoisomerase II inhibitors doxorubicin or etoposide. Interestingly, checkpoint override from the topoisomerase II inhibitors generated fragmented kinetochores (MUGs) due to unreplicated centromeres. Our studies show that kinetochore and centromere fragmentation is a defining feature of checkpoint override and suggests that loss of cell viability is due in part to acentric genomes. Furthermore, given the greater efficacy of forcing cells into premature mitosis from topoisomerase II-mediated arrest as compared with gemcitabine-mediated arrest, topoisomerase II inhibitors maybe more suitable when used in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Beeharry
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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38
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Detection of integrated herpesvirus genomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1064:141-52. [PMID: 23996255 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-601-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is widely used to visualize nucleotide sequences in interphase cells or on metaphase chromosomes using specific probes that are complementary to the respective targets. Besides its broad application in cytogenetics and cancer research, FISH facilitates the localization of virus genomes in infected cells. Some herpesviruses, including human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Marek's disease virus (MDV), have been shown to integrate their genetic material into host chromosomes, which allows transmission of HHV-6 via the germ line and is required for efficient MDV-induced tumor formation. We describe here the detection by FISH of integrated herpesvirus genomes in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of herpesvirus-infected cells.
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Kouprina N, Samoshkin A, Erliandri I, Nakano M, Lee HS, Fu H, Iida Y, Aladjem M, Oshimura M, Masumoto H, Earnshaw WC, Larionov V. Organization of synthetic alphoid DNA array in human artificial chromosome (HAC) with a conditional centromere. ACS Synth Biol 2012; 1:590-601. [PMID: 23411994 DOI: 10.1021/sb3000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) represent a novel promising episomal system for functional genomics, gene therapy, and synthetic biology. HACs are engineered from natural and synthetic alphoid DNA arrays upon transfection into human cells. The use of HACs for gene expression studies requires the knowledge of their structural organization. However, none of the de novo HACs constructed so far has been physically mapped in detail. Recently we constructed a synthetic alphoid(tetO)-HAC that was successfully used for expression of full-length genes to correct genetic deficiencies in human cells. The HAC can be easily eliminated from cell populations by inactivation of its conditional kinetochore. This unique feature provides a control for phenotypic changes attributed to expression of HAC-encoded genes. This work describes organization of a megabase-size synthetic alphoid DNA array in the alphoid(tetO)-HAC that has been formed from a ~50 kb synthetic alphoid(tetO)-construct. Our analysis showed that this array represents a 1.1 Mb continuous sequence assembled from multiple copies of input DNA, a significant part of which was rearranged before assembling. The tandem and inverted alphoid DNA repeats in the HAC range in size from 25 to 150 kb. In addition, we demonstrated that the structure and functional domains of the HAC remains unchanged after several rounds of its transfer into different host cells. The knowledge of the alphoid(tetO)-HAC structure provides a tool to control HAC integrity during different manipulations. Our results also shed light on a mechanism for de novo HAC formation in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
United States
| | - Alexander Samoshkin
- Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
United States
| | - Indri Erliandri
- Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
United States
| | - Megumi Nakano
- Laboratory
of Cell Engineering,
Department of Human Genome Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818,
Japan
| | - Hee-Sheung Lee
- Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
United States
| | - Haiging Fu
- Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
United States
| | - Yuichi Iida
- Department of Biomedical
Science,
Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School
of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mirit Aladjem
- Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
United States
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Department of Biomedical
Science,
Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School
of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory
of Cell Engineering,
Department of Human Genome Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818,
Japan
| | - William C. Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell
Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH9 3JR, Scotland
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
United States
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40
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Abstract
Polyploids are defined as either autopolyploids or allopolyploids, depending on their mode of origin and/or chromosome pairing behaviour. Autopolyploids have chromosome sets that are the result of the duplication or combination of related genomes (e.g., AAAA), while allopolyploids result from the combination of sets of chromosomes from two or more different taxa (e.g., AABB, AABBCC). Allopolyploids are expected to show preferential pairing of homologous chromosomes from within each parental sub-genome, leading to disomic inheritance. In contrast, autopolyploids are expected to show random pairing of chromosomes (non-preferential pairing), potentially leading to polysomic inheritance. The two main cultivated taxa of Actinidia (kiwifruit) are A. chinensis (2x and 4x) and A. chinensis var. deliciosa (6x). There is debate whether A. chinensis var. deliciosa is an autopolyploid derived solely from A. chinensis or whether it is an allopolyploid derived from A. chinensis and one or two other Actinidia taxa. To investigate whether preferential or non-preferential chromosome pairing occurs in A. chinensis var. deliciosa, the inheritance of microsatellite alleles was analysed in the tetraploid progeny of a cross between A. chinensis var. deliciosa and the distantly related Actinidia eriantha Benth. (2x). The frequencies of inherited microsatellite allelic combinations in the hybrids suggested that non-preferential chromosome pairing had occurred in the A. chinensis var. deliciosa parent. Meiotic chromosome analysis showed predominantly bivalent formation in A. chinensis var. deliciosa, but a low frequency of quadrivalent chromosome formations was observed (1 observed in 20 pollen mother cells).
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Richter A, Kurome M, Kessler B, Zakhartchenko V, Klymiuk N, Nagashima H, Wolf E, Wuensch A. Potential of primary kidney cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer mediated transgenesis in pig. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:84. [PMID: 23140586 PMCID: PMC3537537 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is currently the most efficient and precise method to generate genetically tailored pig models for biomedical research. However, the efficiency of this approach is crucially dependent on the source of nuclear donor cells. In this study, we evaluate the potential of primary porcine kidney cells (PKCs) as cell source for SCNT, including their proliferation capacity, transfection efficiency, and capacity to support full term development of SCNT embryos after additive gene transfer or homologous recombination. Results PKCs could be maintained in culture with stable karyotype for up to 71 passages, whereas porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) and porcine ear fibroblasts (PEFs) could be hardly passaged more than 20 times. Compared with PFFs and PEFs, PKCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate and resulted in a 2-fold higher blastocyst rate after SCNT and in vitro cultivation. Among the four transfection methods tested with a GFP expression plasmid, best results were obtained with the NucleofectorTM technology, resulting in transfection efficiencies of 70% to 89% with high fluorescence intensity, low cytotoxicity, good cell proliferation, and almost no morphological signs of cell stress. Usage of genetically modified PKCs in SCNT resulted in approximately 150 piglets carrying at least one of 18 different transgenes. Several of those pigs originated from PKCs that underwent homologous recombination and antibiotic selection before SCNT. Conclusion The high proliferation capacity of PKCs facilitates the introduction of precise and complex genetic modifications in vitro. PKCs are thus a valuable cell source for the generation of porcine biomedical models by SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Richter
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, Munich, 81377, Germany
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42
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Duarte DM, Cornélio DA, Corado C, Medeiros VKS, de Araújo LADCX, Cavalvanti GB, de Medeiros SRB. Chromosomal characterization of cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells from the human subendothelium umbilical cord vein. Regen Med 2012; 7:147-57. [PMID: 22397605 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a morphological, functional and chromosomal characterization of mesenchymal stem cell populations from the human subendothelium umbilical cord vein after cryopreservation. MATERIAL & METHODS Five human umbilical cords were processed in order to obtain mesenchymal stem cells. Flow cytometry, differentiation assays and cytogenetic analysis were carried out before and after the cryopreservation process. RESULTS Flow cytometry revealed that CD105, CD73 and CD90 markers were expressed by the cells, which lacked the expression of hematopoietic lineage markers, such as CD14, CD34 and CD45. The mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Chromosome analysis showed no clonal chromosome changes in the cells in either situation. However, a significant number of nonclonal chromosomal aberrations were apparent after cryopreservation, including monosomies and structural changes. Cells isolated from one umbilical cord exhibited a rare balanced paracentric inversion, likely a cytogenetic constitutional alteration. This was present both before and after experimental procedures. CONCLUSION These findings show that using mesenchymal stem cells for clinical approaches requires careful investigation and sensitive tests in order to ensure cellular therapy biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Duarte
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
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43
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Dose dependent effects on cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair by bendamustine. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40342. [PMID: 22768280 PMCID: PMC3386996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bendamustine (BDM) is an active chemotherapeutic agent approved in the U. S. for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Its chemical structure suggests it may have alkylator and anti-metabolite activities; however the precise mechanism of action is not well understood. Here we report the concentration-dependent effects of BDM on cell cycle, DNA damage, checkpoint response and cell death in HeLa cells. Low concentrations of BDM transiently arrested cells in G2, while a 4-fold higher concentration arrested cells in S phase. DNA damage at 50, but not 200 µM, was efficiently repaired after 48 h treatment, suggesting a difference in DNA repair efficiency at the two concentrations. Indeed, perturbing base-excision repair sensitized cells to lower concentrations of BDM. Timelapse studies of the checkpoint response to BDM showed that inhibiting Chk1 caused both the S- and G2-arrested cells to prematurely enter mitosis. However, whereas the cells arrested in G2 (low dose BDM) entered mitosis, segregated their chromosomes and divided normally, the S-phase arrested cells (high dose BDM) exhibited a highly aberrant mitosis, whereby EM images showed highly fragmented chromosomes. The vast majority of these cells died without ever exiting mitosis. Inhibiting the Chk1-dependent DNA damage checkpoint accelerated the time of killing by BDM. Our studies suggest that BDM may affect different biological processes depending on drug concentration. Sensitizing cells to killing by BDM can be achieved by inhibiting base-excision repair or disrupting the DNA damage checkpoint pathway.
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Leman AR, Dheekollu J, Deng Z, Lee SW, Das MM, Lieberman PM, Noguchi E. Timeless preserves telomere length by promoting efficient DNA replication through human telomeres. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2337-47. [PMID: 22672906 PMCID: PMC3383593 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of telomere protection programs are utilized to preserve telomere structure. However, the complex nature of telomere maintenance remains elusive. The Timeless protein associates with the replication fork and is thought to support efficient progression of the replication fork through natural impediments, including replication fork block sites. However, the mechanism by which Timeless regulates such genomic regions is not understood. Here, we report the role of Timeless in telomere length maintenance. We demonstrate that Timeless depletion leads to telomere shortening in human cells. This length maintenance is independent of telomerase, and Timeless depletion causes increased levels of DNA damage, leading to telomere aberrations. We also show that Timeless is associated with Shelterin components TRF1 and TRF2. Timeless depletion slows telomere replication in vitro, and Timeless-depleted cells fail to maintain TRF1-mediated accumulation of replisome components at telomeric regions. Furthermore, telomere replication undergoes a dramatic delay in Timeless-depleted cells. These results suggest that Timeless functions together with TRF1 to prevent fork collapse at telomere repeat DNA and ensure stable maintenance of telomere length and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Leman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Zhong Deng
- The Wistar Institute; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mukund M. Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
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45
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Yin L, Tian H, Gu LJ, Ma D, Zhang HW, Zhu GJ. A rare chromosomal abnormality inherited from the mother in a boy conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a case report. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:917-20. [PMID: 22622526 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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46
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Zheng Z, Jia JL, Bou G, Hu LL, Wang ZD, Shen XH, Shan ZY, Shen JL, Liu ZH, Lei L. rRNA genes are not fully activated in mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19949-60. [PMID: 22467869 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.355099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The well known and most important function of nucleoli is ribosome biogenesis. However, the nucleolus showed delayed development and malfunction in somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. Previous studies indicated that nearly half rRNA genes (rDNA) in somatic cells were inactive and not transcribed. We compared the rDNA methylation level, active nucleolar organizer region (NORs) numbers, nucleolar proteins (upstream binding factor (UBF), nucleophosmin (B23)) distribution, and nucleolar-related gene expression in three different donor cells and NT embryos. The results showed embryonic stem cells (ESCs) had the most active NORs and lowest rDNA methylation level (7.66 and 6.76%), whereas mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were the opposite (4.70 and 22.57%). After the donor cells were injected into enucleated MII oocytes, cumulus cells and MEFs nuclei lost B23 and UBF signals in 20 min, whereas in ESC-NT embryos, B23 and UBF signals could still be detected at 60 min post-NT. The embryos derived from ESCs, cumulus cells, and MEFs showed the same trend in active NORs numbers (7.19 versus 6.68 versus 5.77, p < 0.05) and rDNA methylation levels (6.36 versus 9.67% versus 15.52%) at the 4-cell stage as that in donor cells. However, the MEF-NT embryos displayed low rRNA synthesis/processing potential at morula stage and had an obvious decrease in blastocyst developmental rate. The results presented clear evidences that the rDNA reprogramming efficiency in NT embryos was determined by the rDNA activity in donor cells from which they derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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47
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Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in chromosomes of five opisthorchid species (Trematoda, Opisthorchiidae). Parasitol Int 2012; 61:84-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Effect of the fungal mycotoxin patulin on the chromatin structure of fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 52:642-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Advanced microtechnologies for detection of chromosome abnormalities by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:453-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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50
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Rampin M, Bi K, Bogart JP, Collares-Pereira MJ. Identifying parental chromosomes and genomic rearrangements in animal hybrid complexes of species with small genome size using Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2012; 6:287-300. [PMID: 24260669 PMCID: PMC3833804 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH) is a powerful tool to identify and to quantify genomic constituents in allopolyploids, and is mainly based on hybridization of highly and moderate repetitive sequences. In animals, as opposed to plants, GISH has not been widely used in part because there are technical problems in obtaining informative results. Using the allopolyploid Squalius alburnoides Steindachner, 1866 fish complex as a model system, we succeeded in overcoming methodological constraints when dealing with parental species with a small genome size. This hybridogenetic complex has biotypes with different genome compositions and ploidy levels, but parental chromosomes are small, morphologically very similar and therefore cannot be distinguished by conventional cytogenetic approaches. Specimens have a small genome (C-value1.2 pg) with a low level of highly and moderate repetitive sequences, mainly located at pericentromeric chromosome regions. Since it is well known that probe annealing depends on probe concentration and hybridization time to obtain uniform hybridization signals along the chromosome arms, we progressively increased the amount of labeled probes from 100ng up to 1µg and the incubation time from overnight up to 5 days. We also made other smaller improvements. Results showed a clear enhancement of signals with respect to previous data, allowing an accurate and reproducible assignment of the parental genomes in both diploid and triploid fish.It was thus evidenced that high probes' concentrations and long incubation time are the key to obtain, without extra image editing, uniform and reliable hybridization signals in metaphase chromosomes of animal hybrids from species with small genome size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Rampin
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental - Faculdade de Ciências - Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande - 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ke Bi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Canada)
| | - James P. Bogart
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California (USA)
| | - Maria João Collares-Pereira
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental - Faculdade de Ciências - Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande - 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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