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Gao C, Yuan W, Wang D, Zhang X, Zhang T, Zhou Z. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-incorporated PLLA porous microspheres for cartilage regeneration. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38785141 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In facial plastic surgery, patients with nasal deformity are often treated by rib cartilage transplantation. In recent years, cartilage tissue engineering has developed as an alternative to complex surgery for patients with minor nasal defects via injection of nasal filler material. In this study, we prepared an injectable nasal filler material containing poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) porous microspheres (PMs), hyaluronic acid (HA) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). METHODS We seeded ADMSCs into as-prepared PLLA PMs using our newly invented centrifugation perfusion technique. Then, HA was mixed with ADMSC-incorporated PLLA PMs to form a hydrophilic and injectable cell delivery system (ADMSC-incorporated PMH). RESULTS We evaluated the biocompatibility of PMH in vitro and in vivo. PMH has good injectability and provides a favorable environment for the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ADMSCs. In vivo experiments, we observed that PMH has good biocompatibility and cartilage regeneration ability. CONCLUSION In this study, a injectable cell delivery system was successfully constructed. We believe that PMH has potential application in cartilage tissue engineering, especially in nasal cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- Biomedical Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Yuan
- Biomedical Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongcheng Wang
- Biomedical Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Biomedical Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Biomedical Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin, China
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Okita Y, Zheng L, Kawanishi K, Miyoshi H, Yanagihara K, Kato M. Polyvinyl alcohol scaffolds and supplementation support 3D and sphere culturing of human cancer cell lines by reducing apoptosis and promoting cellular proliferation. Genes Cells 2021; 26:336-343. [PMID: 33638919 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culturing mimics the heterogeneous cellular conditions of the in vivo tumor microenvironment compared to 2D monolayer-cultured cells and 3D cultures of established cancer cell lines (sphere culture) or patient-derived cancer cells (organoid culture) are frequently used for cancer research or drug screening and evaluation. To establish more cost and time-efficient 3D culture methods for cancer cell lines, we supplemented sphere culture medium with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and found that 3D sphere cultures of breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines were significantly increased. Mechanistically, we found that PVA prevented cell death and promoted cellular proliferation while maintaining levels of stemness-related gene expression. Furthermore, we showed that polyvinyl formal resin (PVF) 3D scaffolds made by cross-linked PVA can function in serum-free, long-term 3D cultures to support maintenance of sphere- or tumor-like cell masses for diverse cancer cell types. Taken together, we demonstrate the effectiveness of PVA and PVF in human cancer cell line culture protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Okita
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ling Zheng
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kidney and Vascular Pathology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Zhao Q, Zhou Y, Wang M. Three-dimensional endothelial cell incorporation within bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds through concurrent emulsion electrospinning and coaxial cell electrospraying. Acta Biomater 2021; 123:312-324. [PMID: 33508508 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrous scaffolds hold great promise in tissue engineering owing to their extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking architectures. Electrospinning, with its ease for producing nanofibrous scaffolds, has therefore been widely employed for various tissue engineering applications. However, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have faced the inherent challenge of three-dimensional (3D) cell distribution due to the small sizes of interconnected pores in these scaffolds when conventional approach of scaffold fabrication with subsequent cell seeding is adopted, which severely limits their applications in repairing/regenerating human body tissues with thick and vascularized structures. In this study, we demonstrate a method to directly place living endothelial cells within bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds in 3D through concurrent emulsion electrospinning and coaxial cell electrospraying. Using this concurrent manufacturing method, endothelial cells are encapsulated in hydrogel microspheres and deposited along with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-containing nanofibers in the scaffold fabrication process, resulting in nanofibrous scaffolds with 3D embedded cell-encapsulated microspheres. After selective disruption of the hydrogel microspheres, the encapsulated endothelial cells are released, yielding bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds with tissue-like 3D cell-incorporated nanofibrous structures. It is shown that cell viability is well preserved (>98%) during the concurrent manufacturing process and that a deep cell distribution (~100 μm) through the scaffold thickness has been achieved. With combined structural and biochemical cues via the 3D cell-incorporated architectures, endothelial cells can freely stretch, display enhanced intercellular connections, and maintain the phenotype in the bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds. Our investigations offer a promising platform technology for creating bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds with 3D cell incorporation and for overcoming inherent problems of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, which should open new avenues for biomanufacturing tissue-mimicking constructs with vascularized structures and complex anatomy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds face challenges in three-dimensional (3D) cell incorporation and vascularization. Enhancing cell penetration via enlarged interconnected pores is a common strategy to address that. However, there are conflicts between cell penetration and structural integrity for scaffolds formed using such strategy, as deep cell penetration, if possible, can only achieve in highly loose architectures. In this investigation, we demonstrate a concurrent emulsion electrospinning and coaxial cell electrospraying technique, realizing 3D endothelial cell incorporation in electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds independent of cell penetration. Our technology appropriately addresses the conflict between deep 3D cell incorporation and structural integrity. In the scaffolds, the 3D incorporated endothelial cells show well-preserved viability, phenotype and functions, implying improved vascularization potential.
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Miyoshi H, Abo K, Hosoya D, Matsuo K, Utsumi Y. Effects of mouse fetal liver cell culture density on hematopoietic cell expansion in three-dimensional cocultures with stromal cells. Int J Artif Organs 2021; 45:103-112. [PMID: 33611956 DOI: 10.1177/0391398821996377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An effective ex vivo expansion system of primitive hematopoietic cells (HCs) is required for wider application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this study, we examined effects of culture density on mouse fetal liver cells (FLCs) used as an HC source for the expansion of primitive HCs in three-dimensional (3D) cocultures with two kinds of mouse stromal cell lines (OP9 or C3H10T1/2). MATERIALS AND METHODS FLCs were seeded at different densities (1, 2, and 10 × 107 cells/cm3) into porous polymer scaffolds with or without stromal cell layers and HCs were expanded in the cultures for 2 weeks without exogenous cytokines. RESULTS Differential effects of culture density on HC expansion were observed between cocultures and solitary FLC controls. In stromal cell cocultures, high expansion of HCs was achieved when FLCs were seeded at low densities. In contrast, the expansion in the controls was enhanced with increasing culture densities. With respect to expansion of primitive HCs existing in the FLCs, cocultures with C3H10T1/2 cells were superior to those with OP9 cells with a 29.3-fold expansion for c-kit+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and 8.3-fold expansion for CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. In the controls, HC expansion was lower than in any cocultures, demonstrating the advantages of coculturing for HC expansion. CONCLUSION Stromal cell lines are useful in expanding primitive HCs derived from FLCs in 3D cocultures. Culture density is a pivotal factor for the effective expansion of primitive HCs and this effect differs by culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Abo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daiki Hosoya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Utsumi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Miyoshi H, Shimizu Y, Yasui Y, Sugiyama S. Expansion of mouse primitive hematopoietic cells in three-dimensional cultures on chemically fixed stromal cell layers. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:741-750. [PMID: 32897481 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a practical and convenient method to expand hematopoietic cells (HCs), we applied chemically-fixed stromal cell layers formed within three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to feeder of HC cultures. The HCs were expanded using two successive cultures. First, stromal cells were cultured within porous polymer scaffolds and formed tissue-engineered constructs (TECs); the scaffolds containing stromal cells, were fixed using aldehyde (formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde) or organic solvents (acetone, methanol or ethanol). Second, mouse fetal liver cells (FLCs), as a source of HCs, were cultured on the TECs for 2 weeks, and the effects of fixative solutions on expansion of primitive HCs (c-kit+ and CD34+ cells) were examined. In the cultures on aldehyde-fixed TECs, primitive HCs were expanded 2.5- to 5.1-fold in the cultures on TECs fixed with glutaraldehyde, whereas no expansions were detected in those fixed with formaldehyde. However, we achieved expansion of primitive HCs > fivefold in the cultures using TECs fixed with organic solvents. Among these solvents, the highest expansions-of roughly tenfold-were obtained using acetone fixation. Ethanol-fixed TECs also supported the expansion of the primitive HCs well (6.6- to 8.0-fold). In addition to these sufficient expansions, the procedure and storage of fixed TECs is fairly easy. Thus, HC expansion on chemically-fixed TECs may be a practical method for expanding primitive HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Shimizu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Hepatic Polarization Accelerated by Mechanical Compaction Involves HNF4 α Activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8016306. [PMID: 32802875 PMCID: PMC7426769 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8016306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There remain few data about the role of homeostatic compaction in hepatic polarization. A previous study has found that mechanical compaction can accelerate hepatocyte polarization; however, the cellular mechanism underlying the effect is mostly unclear. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is crucial for hepatic polarization in liver morphogenesis. Therefore, we sought to identify any possible involvement of HNF4α in the process of hepatocyte polarization accelerated by mechanical compaction. We first verified in the nonhepatic cell model HEK-293T, and the hepatic cell model primary hepatocytes that the mechanical compaction on cell aggregates simulated by using transient centrifugation can directly activate the expression of HNF4α promoters. Moreover, data using primary hepatocytes showed that the HNF4α expression is positively associated with the levels of compaction force: 2.1-folds higher at the mRNA level and 2.1-folds higher at the protein level for 500 g vs. 0 g. Furthermore, activated HNF4α expression is associated with the enhanced biliary canalicular formation and the increased production of albumin and urea. Pretreatment with Latrunculin B, an inhibitor of F-actin, and SHE78-7, an inhibitor of E-cadherin, which both interrupt the pathway of mechanical transduction, partially but significantly reduced the HNF4α expression and production of albumin and urea. In conclusion, HNF4α can be actively involved in the hepatic polarization in the context of environmental mechanical compaction.
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Miyoshi H, Iwamoto A, Koyama T. Growth and albumin secretion of mouse fetal liver cells cryopreserved within porous polymer scaffolds as a viable cell source for bioartificial livers. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:212-216. [PMID: 32312490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To clinically apply bioartificial livers (BALs), an effective liver cell cryopreservation method is required for a stable cell supply. In this study, we performed tissue-engineered construct (TEC) cryopreservation of fetal liver cells (FLCs) in which FLCs cultured within a porous polymer scaffold were cryopreserved. Growth and albumin secretion in TEC-cryopreserved FLCs after thawing were compared to freshly isolated FLCs (control experiments). The effect of preculture duration prior to cryopreservation (0-3 weeks) on these functions was also examined. In the three-dimensional cultures, the TEC-cryopreserved FLCs with preculturing showed constant growth, and this growth was comparable to controls. On the contrary, the TEC-cryopreserved FLCs without preculturing did not proliferate after thawing. Albumin secretion of TEC-cryopreserved FLCs with preculturing rapidly increased up to day 12 and high secretory activity comparable to controls was maintained thereafter in FLCs with 1- or 2-week preculturing, suggesting this as an appropriate preculture duration. Compared to conventionally cryopreserved FLCs, growth and albumin secretion in the TEC-cryopreserved FLCs were significantly higher, indicating their usefulness as a potent cell source for BALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Ayako Iwamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshie Koyama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Miyoshi H, Sato C, Shimizu Y, Morita M. Expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in three-dimensional cocultures on growth-suppressed stromal cell layer. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 42:374-379. [PMID: 30744504 DOI: 10.1177/0391398819827596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of establishing an effective method to expand hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells for application in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we performed ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from mouse fetal liver cells in three-dimensional cocultures with stromal cells. In these cocultures, stromal cells were first cultured within three-dimensional scaffolds to form stromal layers and then fetal liver cells containing hematopoietic cells were seeded on these scaffolds to expand the hematopoietic cells over the 2 weeks of coculture in a serum-containing medium without the addition of cytokines. Prior to coculture, stromal cell growth was suppressed by treatment with the DNA synthesis inhibitor mitomycin C, and its effect on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion was compared with that in control cocultures in which fetal liver cells were cocultured with three-dimensional freeze-thawed stromal cells. After coculture with mitomycin C-treated stromal cells, we achieved a several-fold expansion of the primitive hematopoietic cells (c-kit+ hematopoietic progenitor cells >7.8-fold, and CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells >3.5-fold). Compared with control cocultures, expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells tended to be lower, although that of hematopoietic progenitor cells was comparable. Thus, our results suggest that three-dimensional freeze-thawed stromal cells have higher potential to expand hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells compared with mitomycin C-treated stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shimizu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Misa Morita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Behbehani M, Glen A, Taylor CS, Schuhmacher A, Claeyssens F, Haycock JW. Pre-clinical evaluation of advanced nerve guide conduits using a novel 3D in vitro testing model. Int J Bioprint 2017; 4:123. [PMID: 33102907 PMCID: PMC7582002 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v4i1.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autografts are the current gold standard for large peripheral nerve defects in clinics despite the frequently occurring side effects like donor site morbidity. Hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGC) are proposed alternatives to autografts, but failed to bridge gaps exceeding 3 cm in humans. Internal NGC guidance cues like microfibres are believed to enhance hollow NGCs by giving additional physical support for directed regeneration of Schwann cells and axons. In this study, we report a new 3D in vitro model that allows the evaluation of different intraluminal fibre scaffolds inside a complete NGC. The performance of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibres inside 5 mm long polyethylene glycol (PEG) conduits were investigated in neuronal cell and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures in vitro. Z-stack confocal microscopy revealed the aligned orientation of neuronal cells along the fibres throughout the whole NGC length and depth. The number of living cells in the centre of the scaffold was not significantly different to the tissue culture plastic (TCP) control. For ex vivo analysis, DRGs were placed on top of fibre-filled NGCs to simulate the proximal nerve stump. In 21 days of culture, Schwann cells and axons infiltrated the conduits along the microfibres with 2.2 ± 0.37 mm and 2.1 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. We conclude that this in vitro model can help define internal NGC scaffolds in the future by comparing different fibre materials, composites and dimensions in one setup prior to animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Behbehani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Adam Glen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Caroline S Taylor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
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Hosseini S, Shamekhi MA, Jahangir S, Bagheri F, Eslaminejad MB. The Robust Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Loaded Constructs for Hard Tissue Regeneration After Cancer Removal. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1084:17-43. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Maes M, Yanguas SC, Willebrords J, Vinken M. Models and methods for in vitro testing of hepatic gap junctional communication. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:569-577. [PMID: 26420514 PMCID: PMC4685743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inherent to their pivotal roles in controlling all aspects of the liver cell life cycle, hepatocellular gap junctions are frequently disrupted upon impairment of the homeostatic balance, as occurs during liver toxicity. Hepatic gap junctions, which are mainly built up by connexin32, are specifically targeted by tumor promoters and epigenetic carcinogens. This renders inhibition of gap junction functionality a suitable indicator for the in vitro detection of nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenicity. The establishment of a reliable liver gap junction inhibition assay for routine in vitro testing purposes requires a cellular system in which gap junctions are expressed at an in vivo-like level as well as an appropriate technique to probe gap junction activity. Both these models and methods are discussed in the current paper, thereby focusing on connexin32-based gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang ZZ, Jiang D, Wang SJ, Qi YS, Zhang JY, Yu JK. Potential of centrifugal seeding method in improving cells distribution and proliferation on demineralized cancellous bone scaffolds for tissue-engineered meniscus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15294-15302. [PMID: 26102091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered meniscus offers a possible solution to the regeneration and replacement problem of meniscectomy. However, the nonuniform distribution and declined proliferation of seeded cells on scaffolds hinder the application of tissue-engineered meniscus as a new generation of meniscus graft. This study systematically investigated the performances of different seeding techniques by using the demineralized cancellous bone (DCB) as the scaffold. Static seeding, injection seeding, centrifugal seeding, and vacuum seeding methods were used to seed the meniscal fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to scaffolds. Cell-binding efficiency, survival rate, distribution ability, and long-term proliferation effects on scaffolds were quantitatively evaluated. Cell adhesion was compared via cell-binding kinetics. Cell viability and morphology were assessed by using fluorescence staining. Combined with the reconstructed three-dimensional image, the distribution of seeded cells was investigated. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and DNA assay were employed to assess cell proliferation. Cell-binding kinetics and cell survival of the MFCs were improved via centrifugal seeding compared to injection or vacuum seeding methods. Seeded MFCs by centrifugation showed a more homogeneous distribution throughout the scaffold than cells seeded by other methods. Moreover, the penetration depth in the scaffold of seeded MFCs by centrifugation was 300-500 μm, much higher than the value of 100-300 μm by the surface static and injection seeding. The long-term proliferation of the MFCs in the centrifugal group was also significantly higher than that in the other groups. The results of the MSCs were similar to those of the MFCs. The centrifugal seeding method could significantly improve MFCs or MSCs distribution and proliferation on the DCB scaffolds, thus providing a simple, cost-effective, and effective cell-seeding protocol for tissue-engineered meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Jie Wang
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Song Qi
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lv XG, Feng C, Fu Q, Xie H, Wang Y, Huang JW, Xie MK, Atala A, Xu YM, Zhao WX. Comparative study of different seeding methods based on a multilayer SIS scaffold: Which is the optimal procedure for urethral tissue engineering? J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1098-108. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Guo Lv
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Kai Xie
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem North Carolina
| | - Yue-Min Xu
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem North Carolina
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Vitacolonna M, Belharazem D, Hohenberger P, Roessner ED. Effect of dynamic seeding methods on the distribution of fibroblasts within human acellular dermis. Cell Tissue Bank 2015; 16:605-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-015-9508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yamanaka K, Yamamoto K, Sakai Y, Suda Y, Shigemitsu Y, Kaneko T, Kato K, Kumagai T, Kato Y. Seeding of mesenchymal stem cells into inner part of interconnected porous biodegradable scaffold by a new method with a filter paper. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:78-85. [PMID: 25748462 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate physical support provided by scaffolds creates a supportive environment that directs proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. However, it is difficult to homogenously inoculate stem cells into the inner part of scaffolds at high cell densities. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were seeded into a hydroxyapatite/poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (HAP/PLGA) scaffold that had enough mechanical strength and porous 3-D structure. With an aid of a filter paper placed under the bottom of a HAP/PLGA block, the cells suspended in a culture medium flowed from the top to the bottom through interconnected pores in the scaffold, and distributed almost homogenously, as compared to cell distribution near the surface of the block by the conventional method using centrifugation or reduced pressure. This simple method with a filter paper may be useful in preparation of cell-scaffold complexes for tissue engineering.
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Miyoshi H, Morita M, Ohshima N, Sato C. Expansion of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells in three-dimensional cocultures on frozen-thawed stromal cell layers formed within porous scaffolds. Exp Hematol 2014; 43:115-24. [PMID: 25461256 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To establish a highly efficient method of ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells (HCs), three-dimensional (3D) cocultures of HCs and stromal cell lines were performed using porous polymer scaffolds. Hematopoietic cells derived from mouse fetal livers were expanded by two successive cultures without the use of exogenous cytokines, namely, 3D cultures of stromal cells (DAS 104-8 cell line) to form stromal layers within the scaffolds, and, subsequently, by cocultures of the HCs on the stromal cell layers for 2 weeks. To expand the HCs more conveniently, in some experiments the stromal layers formed within the scaffolds were frozen (3D freezing) before the cocultures, then stored and applied to the cocultures after thawing. When the HCs were cocultured on the stromal layers of the DAS 104-8 cells, primitive HCs (c-kit(+) and CD34(+) cells) were expanded several fold during the cocultures. In contrast, the expansion of these primitive HCs was remarkably enhanced in the cocultures using the 3D frozen-thawed DAS 104-8 stromal layers (c-kit(+) cells > fifteenfold and CD34(+) cells > thirtyfold), and these expansions were significantly higher than those without the 3D freezing. The expansions enhanced by cocultures on the 3D frozen-thawed stromal layers were also observed in the cocultures with another stromal cell line (DAS 104-4). Because 3D frozen-thawed stromal cell lines are easy to handle, 3D coculture of HCs on frozen-thawed stromal cell lines may be an effective and convenient method for expanding primitive HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Misa Morita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norio Ohshima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sarika PR, Sidhy Viha CV, Sajin Raj RG, Nirmala RJ, Anil Kumar PR. A non-adhesive hybrid scaffold from gelatin and gum Arabic as packed bed matrix for hepatocyte perfusion culture. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 46:341-7. [PMID: 25491996 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of liver support systems has become one of the most investigated areas for the last 50 years because of the shortage of donor organs for orthotopic liver transplantations. Bioartificial liver (BAL) device is one of the alternatives for liver failure which provides a curing method and support patients to recover from certain liver failure diseases. The biological compartment of BAL is called the bioreactor where functionally active hepatocytes are maintained to support the liver specific functions. We have developed a packed bed bioreactor with a cytocompatible, polysaccharide-protein hybrid scaffold. The scaffold prepared from gelatin and gum Arabic acts as a packed bed matrix for hepatocyte culture. Quantitative evaluation of the hepatocytes cultured using packed bed bioreactor demonstrated that cells maintained liver specific functions like albumin and urea synthesis for seven days. These results indicated that the system can be scaled up to form the biological component of a bioartificial liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sarika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 547, India
| | - C V Sidhy Viha
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - R G Sajin Raj
- Device Testing Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - Rachel James Nirmala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 547, India
| | - P R Anil Kumar
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 012, India.
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Various seeding methods for tissue development of human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in 3-dimensional PET matrix. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Design and Validation of a Physiologically-Adapted Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering of the Nucleus Pulposus. Processes (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/pr2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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20
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Chou MJ, Hsieh CH, Yeh PL, Chen PC, Wang CH, Huang YY. Application of open porous poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres and the strategy of hydrophobic seeding in hepatic tissue cultivation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2862-9. [PMID: 23505008 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this article, porous poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere scaffolds with a size of ∼ 400 μm and pores of ∼ 20 μm were prepared for constructing injectable three-dimensional hepatocyte spheroids. The porous sites of PLGA microspheres provided a spatial space for hepatocyte distribution. Hepatocytes spheroids were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cell, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, or NIH/3T3 cells by combining the porous PLGA microspheres with the relatively hydrophobic culture strategy. The combination of open porous microspheres, hepatocytes, and nonparenchymal cells was demonstrated for application in functional hepatic tissue reconstruction. Hepatocellular-specific functions can sustained up to 2 weeks in the support of coculturing with nonparenchymal cells. The spheroidal hepatocyte coculture system had the advantages of an injectable delivery, higher cell seeding density, protection from exerted shear stress, better exchange of nutrients, oxygen and metabolites, and heterotypic cell-cell contact within and between microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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21
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Miyoshi H, Ohshima N, Sato C. Three-dimensional culture of mouse bone marrow cells on stroma formed within a porous scaffold: influence of scaffold shape and cryopreservation of the stromal layer on expansion of haematopoietic progenitor cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:32-8. [PMID: 22081538 DOI: 10.1002/term.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study's primary goal was to develop an effective ex vivo expansion method for haematopoietic cells. 3D culture of mouse bone marrow cells was performed in porous scaffolds using a sheet or cube shape. Bone marrow cells were cultured on bone marrow-derived stromal layers formed within the scaffolds and the effect of scaffold shape on the expansion of haematopoietic cells was examined. In some experiments, stromal layers within cubic scaffolds were frozen and then used to culture bone marrow cells after thawing. Results show that after comparison, total cell density and expansion of haematopoietic cells were greater in cultures using the cubic scaffold, suggesting that it was superior to the sheet-like scaffold for expanding haematopoietic cells. When cryopreserved stroma was used, it effectively supported the expansion of haematopoietic cells, and a greater expansion of haematopoietic cells [(erythroid and haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)] was achieved than in cultures with stromal cells that had not been cryopreserved. Expansion of cells using cryopreserved stroma had several other advantages such as a shorter culture period than the conventional method, a stable supply of stromal cells, and ease of handling and scaling up. As a result, this is an attractive method for ex vivo expansion of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and HPCs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Mohebbi-Kalhori D, Rukhlova M, Ajji A, Bureau M, Moreno MJ. A novel automated cell-seeding device for tissue engineering of tubular scaffolds: design and functional validation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:710-20. [PMID: 21948700 DOI: 10.1002/term.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining an efficient, uniform and reproducible cell seeding of porous tubular scaffolds constitutes a major challenge for the successful development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. In this study, a novel automated cell-seeding device utilizing direct cell deposition, patterning techniques and scaffold rotation was designed to improve the cell viability, uniformity and seeding efficiency of tubular constructs. Quantification methods and imaging techniques were used to evaluate these parameters on the luminal and abluminal sides of fibrous polymer scaffolds. With the automated seeding method, a high cell-seeding efficiency (~89%), viability (~85%) and uniformity (~85-92%) were achieved for both aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) and aortic endothelial cells (AoECs). The duration of the seeding process was < 8 min. Initial cell density, cell suspension in matrix-containing media, duration of seeding process and scaffold rotation were found to affect the seeding efficiency. After few days of culture, a uniform longitudinal and circumferential cell distribution was achieved without affecting cell viability. Both cell types were viable and spread along the fibres after 28 h and 6 days of static incubation. This new automated cell-seeding method for tubular scaffolds is efficient, reliable and meets all the requirements for clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, M54, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.,Industrial Materials Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada.,Chemical Engineering Departement, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C. P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Marina Rukhlova
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, M54, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- Chemical Engineering Departement, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C. P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Martin Bureau
- Industrial Materials Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada.,Biomedical Science and Technology Research Group (GRSTB/FRSQ), École Polytechnique, C. P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Maria J Moreno
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, M54, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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Jeong D, Yun A, Kim J. Mathematical model and numerical simulation of the cell growth in scaffolds. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2011; 11:677-88. [PMID: 21830072 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-011-0342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A scaffold is a three-dimensional matrix that provides a structural base to fill tissue lesion and provides cells with a suitable environment for proliferation and differentiation. Cell-seeded scaffolds can be implanted immediately or be cultured in vitro for a period of time before implantation. To obtain uniform cell growth throughout the entire volume of the scaffolds, an optimal strategy on cell seeding into scaffolds is important. We propose an efficient and accurate numerical scheme for a mathematical model to predict the growth and distribution of cells in scaffolds. The proposed numerical algorithm is a hybrid method which uses both finite difference approximations and analytic closed-form solutions. The effects of each parameter in the mathematical model are numerically investigated. Moreover, we propose an optimization algorithm which finds the best set of model parameters that minimize a discrete l(2) error between numerical and experimental data. Using the mathematical model and its efficient and accurate numerical simulations, we could interpret experimental results and identify dominating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darae Jeong
- Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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24
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Dawood AF, Lotfi P, Dash SN, Kona SK, Nguyen KT, Romero-Ortega MI. VEGF Release in Multiluminal Hydrogels Directs Angiogenesis from Adult Vasculature In Vitro. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-011-0048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Jang YJ, Jung IH, Park JC, Jung UW, Kim CS, Lee YK, Kim CK, Choi SH. Effect of seeding using an avidin-biotin binding system on the attachment of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds: three-dimensional culture. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2011; 41:73-8. [PMID: 21556257 PMCID: PMC3087078 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2011.41.2.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose For periodontal tissue engineering, it is a primary requisite and a challenge to select the optimum types of cells, properties of scaffold, and growth factor combination to reconstruct a specific tissue in its natural form and with the appropriate function. Owing to fundamental disadvantages associated with using a two-dimensional substrate, several methods of seeding cells into three-dimensional scaffolds have been reported and the authors have asserted its usefulness and effectiveness. In this study, we explore the cell attachment of periodontal ligament fibroblasts on nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) scaffold using avidin biotin binding system (ABBS). Methods Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were isolated from the health tooth extracted for the purpose of orthodontic procedure. HA nanoparticles were prepared and Ca(NO3)2-4H2O and (OC2H5)3P were selected as precursors of HA sol. The final scaffold was 8 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height disk with porosity value of 81.55%. 1×105 periodontal ligament fibroblasts were applied to each scaffold. The cells were seeded into scaffolds by static, agitating and ABBS seeding method. Results The number of periodontal ligament fibroblasts attached was greater for ABBS seeding method than for static or agitating method (P<0.05). No meaningful difference has been observed among seeding methods with scanning electron microscopy images. However, increased strength of cell attachment of ABBS could be deduced from the high affinity between avidin and biotin (Kd=10-15 M). Conclusions The high-affinity ABBS enhances the ability of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to attach to three-dimensionally constructed n-HA scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ju Jang
- Department of periodontology, Institute for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Hsieh CH, Kuo WT, Huang YC, Huang YY. High-efficiency cell seeding method by relatively hydrophobic culture strategy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:38-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Daoud J, Rosenberg L, Tabrizian M. Pancreatic Islet Culture and Preservation Strategies: Advances, Challenges, and Future Outlook. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1523-35. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x515872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postisolation islet survival is a critical step for achieving successful and efficient islet transplantation. This involves the optimization of islet culture in order to prolong survival and functionality in vitro. Many studies have focused on different strategies to culture pancreatic islets in vitro through manipulation of culture media, surface modified substrates, and the use of various techniques such as encapsulation, embedding, scaffold, and bioreactor culture strategies. This review aims to present and discuss the different methodologies employed to optimize pancreatic islet culture in vitro as well as address their respective advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Daoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Bierwolf J, Lutgehetmann M, Feng K, Erbes J, Deichmann S, Toronyi E, Stieglitz C, Nashan B, Ma PX, Pollok JM. Primary rat hepatocyte culture on 3D nanofibrous polymer scaffolds for toxicology and pharmaceutical research. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 108:141-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Ng R, Gurm JS, Yang ST. Centrifugal seeding of mammalian cells in nonwoven fibrous matrices. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:239-45. [PMID: 19785042 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have many advantages over two-dimensional cultures. However, seeding cells in 3D scaffolds such as nonwoven fibrous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrices has been a challenge task in tissue engineering and cell culture bioprocessing. In this study, a centrifugal seeding method was investigated to improve the cell seeding efficiency in PET matrices with two different porosities (93% and 88%). Both the centrifugal force and centrifugation time were found to affect the seeding efficiency. With an appropriate centrifugation speed, a high 80-90% cell seeding efficiency was achieved and the time to reach this high seeding efficiency was less than 5 min. The seeding efficiency was similar for matrices with different porosities, although the optimal seeding time was significantly shorter for the low-porosity scaffold. Post seeding cell viability was demonstrated by culturing colon cancer cells seeded in PET matrices for over 5 days. The centrifugal seeding method developed in this work can be used to efficiently and uniformly seed small fibrous scaffolds for applications in 3D cell-based assays for high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ng
- William G. Lowrie Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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31
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Miyoshi H, Ehashi T, Ohshima N, Jagawa A. Cryopreservation of Fibroblasts Immobilized Within a Porous Scaffold: Effects of Preculture and Collagen Coating of Scaffold on Performance of Three-Dimensional Cryopreservation. Artif Organs 2010; 34:609-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Jung DY, Yamada T, Tsuchiya T, Ryu SC, Han DW. Effects of cell-seeding methods of human osteoblast culture on biomechanical properties of porous bioceramic scaffold. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Multilevel Experimental and Modelling Techniques for Bioartificial Scaffolds and Matrices. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY IN NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03535-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Weinand C, Xu JW, Peretti GM, Bonassar LJ, Gill TJ. Conditions affecting cell seeding onto three-dimensional scaffolds for cellular-based biodegradable implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 91:80-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Zoro B, Owen S, Drake R, Mason C, Hoare M. Regenerative medicine bioprocessing: Concentration and behavior of adherent cell suspensions and pastes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:1236-47. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Stimulating effects of fibroblast growth factors on hepatic function of fetal liver cells synergistically with oncostatin M in three-dimensional culture. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:307-11. [PMID: 19269598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fetal liver cells (FLCs) are regarded as a feasible cell source of bioartificial liver (BAL), because the FLCs have proliferating ability even in vitro. However, the cellular functions of FLCs are considerably lower compared with mature hepatocytes. Thus, maturation of cultured FLCs is essential for enhancing the performance of the BAL using the FLCs. In the present study, the effects of fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGF-4) on cell growth and the liver-specific functions of mouse FLCs were investigated in the presence or absence of oncostatin M (OSM), under both three-dimensional (3-D) and monolayer culture conditions. When FGF-2 was used, no stimulating effects on the albumin secretion activities of the FLCs were observed either in the 3-D or monolayer cultures, although cell growth was improved in these cultures. In the cases of FGF-1 and FGF-4, these factors also had no effect on the albumin secretion activities in the absence of OSM. However, in the presence of OSM, FGF-1 and FGF-4 significantly enhanced the activities of the FLCs but only in the 3-D cultures. From scanning electron microscopic observation, the 3-D culture FLCs formed big cell aggregates on the surface of a porous scaffold. In conclusion, it was clarified that FGF-1 and FGF-4 facilitate the maturation of 3-D culture FLCs synergistically with OSM.
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Koyama T, Ehashi T, Ohshima N, Miyoshi H. Efficient Proliferation and Maturation of Fetal Liver Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture by Stimulation of Oncostatin M, Epidermal Growth Factor, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1099-107. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Koyama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomo Ehashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norio Ohshima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Miyoshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Rosa AL, de Oliveira PT, Beloti MM. Macroporous scaffolds associated with cells to construct a hybrid biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. Expert Rev Med Devices 2009; 5:719-28. [PMID: 19025348 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.5.6.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue has the ability to heal without a scar and to remodel, which promotes three basic functions: locomotion, protection of internal organs and mineral homeostasis. Although bone regeneration is highly efficient, some clinical situations - such as large bone defects - require specific treatments in order to promote bone healing. Allogenic or autologous bone grafts have been used in these procedures with limited success and, based on this, bone tissue-engineering approaches have been investigated extensively. Tissue engineering has been defined as the application of principles and techniques of the life sciences and engineering to the design, modification and growth of living tissues using biomaterials, cells and growth factors, alone or in combination. The association of cells with porous scaffolds to produce 3D hybrid osteogenic constructs is a common subject in bone tissue-engineering research and will be the focus of this review. We will present some aspects of bone biology, the cells and scaffolds used to engineer bone, and techniques to fabricate the hybrid biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n 14040-904, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Beloti MM, Tambasco De Oliveira P, Perri De Carvalho PS, Rosa AL. Seeding Osteoblastic Cells into a Macroporous Biodegradable CaP/PLGA Scaffold by a Centrifugal Force. J Biomater Appl 2008; 23:481-95. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328208094082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to construct a hybrid biomaterial by seeding osteoblastic cells into a CaP/PLGA scaffold by a centrifugal force. Constructs are evaluated with respect to potential application in bone tissue engineering. Cells adher, spread, and form a layer of tissue lining the scaffold and are capable of migrating, proliferating, and producing mineralized matrix. We have demonstrated that the centrifugal force is highly efficient for constructing a hybrid biomaterial, which acts similarly to bone explants in a cell culture environment. In this way, these constructs could mimic an autogenous bone graft in clinical circumstances. Such a strategy may be useful for bone tissue engineering.
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40
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Provin C, Takano K, Sakai Y, Fujii T, Shirakashi R. A method for the design of 3D scaffolds for high-density cell attachment and determination of optimum perfusion culture conditions. J Biomech 2008; 41:1436-49. [PMID: 18397788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of in vitro cultured cells in tissue engineering or drug screening, aimed at complex soft tissues such as liver, requires in vivo physiological function of the cultured cells. For this purpose, the scaffold in which cells are cultured should provide a microenvironment similar to an in vivo one with a three-dimensional extracellular matrix, a high supply capacity of O(2) and nutrients, and high cell density. In this paper, we propose a method to design (1) the geometry of the scaffold, with a surface/volume ratio optimized to allow high-density (5 x 10(7)cells/mL) cell culture and (2) culture conditions that will supply optimal quantities of oxygen and nutrients. CFD modeling of mass transport was used to determine the shear stress as well as O(2) and glucose metabolism in the scaffold (20 mm width-35 mm length) for various flow rates. Validation of the model was done through comparison with flow resistance and micro-PIV experiments. CFD analysis showed the maximum metabolic rate densities for this scaffold are 6.04 x 10(-3)mol/s/m(3) for O(2) at 0.71 mL/min and 1.91 x 10(-2)mol/s/m(3) for glucose at 0.35 mL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Provin
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mironov V, Kasyanov V, Markwald RR, Prestwich GD. Bioreactor-free tissue engineering: directed tissue assembly by centrifugal casting. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:143-52. [PMID: 18194071 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Casting is a process by which a material is introduced into a mold while it is liquid, allowed to solidify in a predefined shape inside the mold, and then removed to give a fabricated object, part or casing. Centrifugal casting could be defined as a process of molding using centrifugal forces. Although the centrifugal casting technology has a long history in metal manufacturing and in the plastics industry, only recently has this technology attracted the attention of tissue engineers. Initially, centrifugation was used to optimize cell seeding on a solid scaffold. More recently, centrifugal casting has been used to create tubular scaffolds and both tubular and flat multilayered, living tissue constructs. These newer applications were enabled by a new class of biocompatible in situ crosslinkable hydrogels that mimic the extracellular matrix. Herein the authors summarize the state of the art of centrifugal casting technology in tissue engineering, they outline associated technological challenges, and they discuss the potential future for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mironov
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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42
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Torigoe I, Sotome S, Tsuchiya A, Yoshii T, Takahashi M, Kawabata S, Shinomiya K. Novel cell seeding system into a porous scaffold using a modified low-pressure method to enhance cell seeding efficiency and bone formation. Cell Transplant 2008; 16:729-39. [PMID: 18019362 DOI: 10.3727/000000007783465109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient seeding of cells into porous scaffolds is important in bone tissue engineering techniques. To enhance efficiency, we modified the previously reported cell seeding techniques using low-pressure conditions. In this study, the effects of low pressure on bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) of rats and the usefulness of the modified technique were assessed. There was no significant difference found in the proliferative and osteogenic capabilities among various low-pressure (50-760 mmHg, 1-10 min) conditions. To analyze the efficacies of the cell seeding techniques, BMSCs suspended in the plasma of rats were seeded into porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) blocks by the following three procedures: 1) spontaneous penetration of cell suspension under atmospheric pressure (SP); 2) spontaneous penetration and subsequent low pressure treatment (SPSL), the conventional technique; and 3) spontaneous penetration under low pressure conditions (SPUL), the modified technique. Subsequently, these BMSCs/beta-TCP composites were used for the analysis of cell seeding efficiency or in vivo bone formation capability. Both the number of BMSCs seeded into beta-TCP blocks and the amount of bone formation of the SPUL group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The SPUL method with a simple technique permits high cell seeding efficiency and is useful for bone tissue engineering using BMSCs and porous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Torigoe
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Huang H, Oizumi S, Kojima N, Niino T, Sakai Y. Avidin–biotin binding-based cell seeding and perfusion culture of liver-derived cells in a porous scaffold with a three-dimensional interconnected flow-channel network. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3815-23. [PMID: 17544499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To engineer implantable liver tissues, we designed a novel scaffold with a three-dimensional (3D) branching and joining flow-channel network comprising multiple tetrahedral units (4-mm edge length). For the fabrication of this network, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and 80% (w/w) NaCl salt particles serving as porogen were thoroughly mixed and applied in a selective laser sintering (SLS) process, a technique adapted to rapid prototyping. We thus obtained a scaffold that had high (89%) porosity with a pore size of 100-200 microm and 3D flow channels. To evaluate its biocompatibility, human hepatoma Hep G2 cells were seeded into the scaffold using avidin-biotin (AB) binding and cultured in a perfusion system for 9 days. The results demonstrated that such 3D flow channels are essential to the cells' growth and function. In addition, the AB binding-based seeding remarkably improved the overall performance of the cell-loaded scaffolds. The fabrication of a much finer scaffold, having a 500 cm(3) scale, based on the same design and the use of human hepatocyte progenitors, may, in the near future, lead to the development of an implantable liver tissue equivalent for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Huang
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine (CDBIM), Gradate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Ehashi T, Koyama T, Ookawa K, Ohshima N, Miyoshi H. Effects of oncostatin M on secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and reconstruction of liver-like structure by fetal liver cells in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:73-9. [PMID: 17269136 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is crucial for the development and regeneration of the liver. However, there have been no reports about VEGF secretion by cultured fetal liver cells (FLCs). In the present study, the effects of oncostatin M (OSM), which strongly stimulates the growth and albumin secretion of FLCs, on VEGF secretion and morphological changes of long-term cultured FLCs were investigated under three-dimensional (3-D) and monolayer conditions. The cultured FLCs proliferated well and showed stable secretion of VEGF for up to 1 month under both monolayer and 3-D culture conditions. The addition of OSM to cultured cells strongly enhanced VEGF secretion. Compared with 3-D cultures, VEGF secretion per cell was higher in monolayer cultures. After 1 month in culture, the FLCs in 3-D cultures formed large aggregates like liver tissue, and FLCs also formed colonies and duct-like structures after several months of culture even under monolayer conditions. In conclusion, OSM stimulated the secretion of VEGF by cultured FLCs, which seemed to contribute to the development of a liver-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Ehashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Radial Flow Type Bioreactor for Bioartificial Liver Assist System Using PTFE Non-Woven Fabric Coated with Poly-amino Acid Urethane Copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200750325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Porous & rubbery organic-inorganic hybrids were synthesized from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) through a sol-gel route using sieved sucrose granules as a porogen. The porous hybrids with a high content of PDMS behaved like polymer sponge. The porosity was over 90% irrespective of the hybrid composition and the pore diameter ranged from 100 to 500 μm. In the three-dimensional cell culture, mammalian cells were well cultured in the porous hybrids. The present results indicate that the hybrids may be a promising scaffold for developing such functional culture methods.
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Atthoff B, Aulin C, Adelöw C, Hilborn J. Polarized protein membrane for high cell seeding efficiency. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 83:472-80. [PMID: 17443668 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new type of scaffold for tissue engineering was developed to give enhanced cell seeding in three dimensions. A gradient of either collagen or fibrin protein was prepared, supported by a knitted poly(ethylene terephtalate) PET fabric. The membranes were, after hydrolysis and acetic acid wash, submerged in a protein solution for adsorption followed by immersion into a gelling agent. The immediate contact between the protein solution held by the fabric and the gelling agent resulted in a dense, fibrous protein network with pore sizes around 0.5 microm at the surface, and larger pores of 10-50 microm size throughout the interior of the fabric as observed by scanning electron microscopy. By separating the fabric double layers holding this network, a gradient porosity membrane was produced. To evaluate the fractions of cells trapped in the matrix upon seeding, i.e. the seeding efficiency, 500 microl 3T3 fibroblasts cell suspension containing one million cells was seeded by filtering through the gradient protein membrane. For both the collagen and fibrin membranes, the seeding efficiency was approximately 93%, which was significantly higher than that of 28% from the corresponding PET fabric without protein immobilization. Attempt to seed cells from the dense side of the protein networks resulted in no cell penetration into the scaffold. Histology on subsequent culture of the cells in the scaffold demonstrated viability and proliferation in three dimensions throughout the scaffold. This new and simple way of producing scaffolds play an important role when the cells are precious or scarce and cell seeding in three dimensions is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Atthoff
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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Vinken M, Papeleu P, Snykers S, De Rop E, Henkens T, Chipman JK, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. Involvement of cell junctions in hepatocyte culture functionality. Crit Rev Toxicol 2006; 36:299-318. [PMID: 16809101 DOI: 10.1080/10408440600599273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In liver, like in other multicellular systems, the establishment of cellular contacts is a prerequisite for normal functioning. In particular, well-defined cell junctions between hepatocytes, including adherens junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions, are known to play key roles in the performance of liver-specific functionality. In a first part of this review article, we summarize the current knowledge concerning cell junctions and their roles in hepatic (patho)physiology. In a second part, we discuss their relevance in liver-based in vitro modeling, thereby highlighting the use of primary hepatocyte cultures as suitable in vitro models for preclinical pharmaco-toxicological testing. We further describe the actual strategies to regain and maintain cell junctions in these in vitro systems over the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Meuwly F, Ruffieux PA, Kadouri A, von Stockar U. Packed-bed bioreactors for mammalian cell culture: bioprocess and biomedical applications. Biotechnol Adv 2006; 25:45-56. [PMID: 17034981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development history of packed-bed bioreactors (PBRs) used for the culture of mammalian cells. It further reviews the current applications of PBRs and discusses the steps forward in the development of these systems for bioprocess and biomedical applications. The latest generation of PBRs used in bioprocess applications achieve very high cell densities (>10(8) cells ml(-1)) leading to outstandingly high volumetric productivity. However, a major bottleneck of such PBRs is their relatively small volume. The current maximal volume appears to be in the range of 10 to 30 l. A scale-up of more than 10-fold would be necessary for these PBRs to be used in production processes. In biomedical applications, PBRs have proved themselves as compact bioartificial organs, but their metabolic activity declines frequently within 1 to 2 weeks of operation. A main challenge in this field is to develop cell lines that grow consistently to high cell density in vitro and maintain a stable phenotype for a minimum of 1 to 2 months. Achieving this will greatly enhance the usefulness of PBR technology in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meuwly
- Serono Biotech Center, Laboratoires Serono S.A., Zone Industrielle B, CH-1809 Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
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Ehashi T, Ohshima N, Miyoshi H. Three-dimensional culture of porcine fetal liver cells for a bioartificial liver. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 77:90-6. [PMID: 16355413 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3-D) culture experiment of porcine fetal liver cells (FLCs) was performed using a porous resin substrate, for the purpose of developing a bioartificial liver. A long-term 3-D culture and monolayer culture as the control were performed for more than 1 month. To promote cell growth and maturation, human oncostatin M (OSM), the human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), or cortisol was added to the cultures, and the effect of each agent on cell proliferation and liver-specific cellular functions was investigated. The cell numbers in both the monolayer and 3-D cultures increased gradually with time, irrespective of the supplementation of the stimulating agents. In the monolayer culture, the albumin secretion of FLCs decreased rapidly, and scarce activity was detected from 2 weeks onward under all culture conditions tested. In the 3-D cultures, neither human OSM nor human LIF had any definite effect on the albumin secretion of FLCs. However, in the cultures with cortisol, albumin secretion was maintained for a considerably long period. These findings suggest that a bioartificial liver can be developed by culturing porcine FLCs with cortisol as the stimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Ehashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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