1
|
Mills JS, Weinheimer L, Polivy J, Herman CP. Are there different types of dieters? A review of personality and dietary restraint. Appetite 2018; 125:380-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
2
|
Gomez Penedo JM, Constantino MJ, Coyne AE, Bernecker SL, Smith-Hansen L. Patient baseline interpersonal problems as moderators of outcome in two psychotherapies for bulimia nervosa. Psychother Res 2018; 29:799-811. [PMID: 29347888 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2018.1425931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We tested an aptitude by treatment interaction; namely, whether patients' baseline interpersonal problems moderated the comparative efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) vs. interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for bulimia nervosa (BN). Method: Data derived from a randomized-controlled trial. Patients reported on their interpersonal problems at baseline; purge frequency at baseline, midtreatment, and posttreatment; and global eating disorder severity at baseline and posttreatment. We estimated the rate of change in purge frequency across therapy, and the likelihood of attaining clinically meaningful improvement (recovery) in global eating disorder severity by posttreatment. We then tested the interpersonal problem by treatment interactions as predictors of both outcomes. Results: Patients with more baseline overly communal/friendly problems showed steeper reduction in likelihood of purging when treated with CBT vs. IPT. Patients with more problems of being under communal/cold had similar reductions in likelihood of purging across both treatments. Patients with more baseline problems of being overly agentic were more likely to recover when treated with IPT vs. CBT, whereas patients with more problems of being under agentic were more likely to recover when treated with CBT vs. IPT. Conclusions: Interpersonal problems related to communion and agency may inform treatment fit among two empirically supported therapies for BN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Constantino
- b Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Alice E Coyne
- b Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Samantha L Bernecker
- b Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA.,d Present address: Department of Psychology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
This article reviews current eating disorder self-report and interview measures and makes recommendations for choosing assessment devices for practice and research. The authors also incorporate overviews of related measures, such as body satisfaction and restrained eating. The presentation of women with eating disorders on measures of general psychological functioning (such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is also discussed. Implications and recommendations for practice are presented, as are recommendations for future research. The lack of validation of, and urgent need for, eating disorder assessment measures with ethnic minority women is discussed throughout.
Collapse
|
4
|
Burton AL, Abbott MJ, Modini M, Touyz S. Psychometric evaluation of self-report measures of binge-eating symptoms and related psychopathology: A systematic review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:123-40. [PMID: 26311621 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge eating is a symptom common to bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa (binge/purge subtype), and binge eating disorder. There are many self-report measures available to aid the assessment of eating disorders symptoms, but there has not yet been a systematic review of the literature to identify the most valid and reliable measures for use in assessment and treatment of binge eating. METHOD A systematic review of the psychometric properties of self-report measures that assess binge eating symptoms and psychopathology was conducted. Two independent raters assessed the psychometric properties of each measure using a standardized quality analysis tool. RESULTS Of the 2,927 studies identified, 72 studies met the inclusion criteria and described the psychometric properties of 29 different self-report measures, and nine specific subscales within these. Results from the quality analysis tool utilized in this study indicated that none of the included measures currently meet all nine criteria of adequate psychometric properties. DISCUSSION Most of the included measures had evidence for some adequate psychometric properties. Two measures received six out of nine positive ratings for the assessed psychometric properties, the BITE and the BULIT-R, and thus appear to be the measures with the most evidence of their validity and reliability. Overall, our findings implicate a need for further investigation of the psychometric properties of the available self-report questionnaires in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Burton
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maree J Abbott
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Modini
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Multiple measures of rapid response as predictors of remission in cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. Behav Res Ther 2015; 64:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Brooks SJ, Solstrand Dahlberg L, Swenne I, Aronsson M, Zarei S, Lundberg L, Jacobsson JA, Rask-Andersen M, Salonen-Ros H, Rosling A, Larsson EM, Schiöth HB. Obsessive-compulsivity and working memory are associated with differential prefrontal cortex and insula activation in adolescents with a recent diagnosis of an eating disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 224:246-53. [PMID: 25456522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of rumination at the beginning of eating disorder (ED) is not well understood. We hypothesised that impulsivity, rumination and restriction could be associated with neural activity in response to food stimuli in young individuals with eating disorders (ED). We measured neural responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), tested working memory (WM) and administered the eating disorders examination questionnaire (EDE-Q), Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) and obsessive-compulsive inventory (OCI-R) in 15 adolescent females with eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) (mean age 15 years) and 20 age-matched healthy control females. We found that EDNOS subjects had significantly higher scores on the BIS 11, EDE-Q and OCI-R scales. Significantly increased neural responses to food images in the EDNOS group were observed in the prefrontal circuitry. OCI-R scores in the EDNOS group also significantly correlated with activity in the prefrontal circuitry and the cerebellum. Significantly slower WM responses negatively correlated with bilateral superior frontal gyrus activity in the EDNOS group. We conclude that ruminations, linked to WM, are present in adolescent females newly diagnosed with EDNOS. These may be risk factors for the development of an eating disorder and may be detectable before disease onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Brooks
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Deptartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | | | - Ingemar Swenne
- Department of Women׳s and Children׳s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marianne Aronsson
- Department of Women׳s and Children׳s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanaz Zarei
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lina Lundberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin A Jacobsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Salonen-Ros
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Agneta Rosling
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomas JJ, Roberto CA, Berg KC. The Eating Disorder Examination: a semi-structured interview for the assessment of the specific psychopathology of eating disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21662630.2013.840119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina A. Roberto
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly C. Berg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Matton A, Goossens L, Braet C, Van Durme K. Continuity in Primary School Children’s Eating Problems and the Influence of Parental Feeding Strategies. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 42:52-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
9
|
Berg KC, Peterson CB, Frazier P, Crow SJ. Psychometric evaluation of the eating disorder examination and eating disorder examination-questionnaire: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:428-38. [PMID: 21744375 PMCID: PMC3668855 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to systematically review the reliability of scores on the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and to examine the validity of their use as measures of eating disorder symptoms. METHOD Articles describing the psychometric properties of the EDE and EDE-Q were identified in a systematic search of major computer databases and a review of reference lists. Articles were selected based on a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Fifteen studies were identified that examined the psychometrics of the EDE, whereas 10 studies were found that examined the psychometrics of the EDE-Q. DISCUSSION Both instruments demonstrated reliability of scores. There is evidence that scores on the EDE and EDE-Q correlate with scores on measures of similar constructs and support for using the instruments to distinguish between cases and non-cases. Additional research is needed to broaden the generalizability of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Berg
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klein AS, Skinner JB, Hawley KM. Adapted group-based dialectical behaviour therapy for binge eating in a practicing clinic: clinical outcomes and attrition. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2012; 20:e148-53. [PMID: 22367862 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Research evidence has been accumulating for the efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for binge eating. However, support for its effectiveness and transportability beyond efficacy trials is lacking. The current study evaluated the feasibility of group-based DBT for binge eating within the context of an operating community clinic. Women ages 24-49 (M = 39.60, SD = 9.53) with either subthreshold and full-threshold binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa formed the group and comprised the sample (n = 5 treatment completers). Positive outcomes included significant improvement in both binge eating and secondary outcomes with the Eating Disorder Inventory subscales of Bulimia, Ineffectiveness, Perfectionism and Interpersonal Distrust. Attrition was elevated compared with previous efficacy trials, suggesting the need for increased attention to how to improve retention within routine practice settings. Given our limited sample size, these findings are viewed as promising but preliminary.
Collapse
|
11
|
Berg KC, Peterson CB, Frazier P, Crow SJ. Convergence of scores on the interview and questionnaire versions of the Eating Disorder Examination: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Assess 2012; 23:714-24. [PMID: 21517194 DOI: 10.1037/a0023246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Significant discrepancies have been found between interview- and questionnaire-based assessments of psychopathology; however, these studies have typically compared instruments with unmatched item content. The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), a structured interview, and the questionnaire version of the EDE (EDE-Q) are considered the preeminent assessments of eating disorder symptoms and provide a unique opportunity to examine the concordance of interview- and questionnaire-based instruments with matched item content. The convergence of EDE and EDE-Q scores has been examined previously; however, past studies have been limited by small sample sizes and have not compared the convergence of scores across diagnostic groups. A meta-analysis of 16 studies was conducted to compare the convergence of EDE and EDE-Q scores across studies and diagnostic groups. With regard to the EDE and EDE-Q subscale scores, the overall correlation coefficient effect sizes ranged from .68 to .76. The overall Cohen's d effect sizes ranged from .31 to .62, with participants consistently scoring higher on the questionnaire. For the items measuring behavior frequency, the overall correlation coefficient effect sizes ranged from .37 to .55 for binge eating and .90 to .92 for compensatory behaviors. The overall Cohen's d effect sizes ranged from -0.16 to -0.22, with participants reporting more binge eating on the interview than in the questionnaire in 70% of the studies. These results suggest the interview and questionnaire assess similar constructs but should not be used interchangeably. Additional research is needed to examine the inconsistencies between binge frequency scores on the 2 instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Berg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 606 –24th Avenue South, Suite 602, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bewell-Weiss CV, Carter JC. Predictors of excessive exercise in anorexia nervosa. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:566-71. [PMID: 20965301 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to replicate and amalgamate findings from previous research into a comprehensive regression model predicting excessive exercise in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). METHOD Participants were 153 patients admitted to an inpatient treatment program for AN. Excessive exercise status was defined as a minimum of 1 hour of obligatory exercise aimed at controlling shape and weight, 6 days per week in the month before admission. RESULTS Thirty-four percent (n = 52) of participants met criteria for excessive exercise. A logistic regression was conducted with excessive exercise status as the dependent variable and a number of variables previously found to be predictors of excessive exercise entered as independent variables on the same step. The overall regression model was statistically significant (P < .0005) and explained 31% of the variance in exercise status. Higher levels of dietary restraint (P = .03), depression (P = .04), and self-esteem (P = .02); lower levels of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (P = .04); and the restricting subtype of AN (P = .03) were significantly associated with excessive exercise. CONCLUSIONS Excessive exercise is associated with a number of independent psychologic and behavioral variables, some that suggest a negative impact and others that suggest positive effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen V Bewell-Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guidi J, Pender M, Hollon SD, Zisook S, Schwartz FH, Pedrelli P, Farabaugh A, Fava M, Petersen TJ. The prevalence of compulsive eating and exercise among college students: an exploratory study. Psychiatry Res 2009; 165:154-62. [PMID: 19046604 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eating disturbances continue to grow among college students, and researchers have begun to investigate factors that may lead to abnormal eating behaviors in this population. Recent research has also suggested that excessive exercise can become a compulsive behavior that may affect psychological health. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the relationships between both compulsive eating and exercise, and demographic and clinical variables in a college population. Participants were 589 undergraduates (mean age 20 years) recruited during a mental health screening at two different campuses. Participants completed a screening package of measures including a questionnaire about socio-demographic data, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Consumptive Habits Questionnaire (CHQ), the Modified Overt Aggression Scale-Self-rated version (MOAS), and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short version (QLESQ). A prevalence rate of 7.2% was found for compulsive eating and 18.1% for compulsive exercise, as measured by the CHQ. Only 11 participants (1.9%) reported both compulsive eating and exercise. There was no significant relationship between compulsive eating and compulsive exercise. The results suggest that college students may represent a group at high risk of developing abnormal eating behaviors and compulsive exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Guidi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
O'Malley SS, Sinha R, Grilo CM, Capone C, Farren CK, McKee SA, Rounsaville BJ, Wu R. Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral coping skills therapy for the treatment of alcohol drinking and eating disorder features in alcohol-dependent women: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:625-34. [PMID: 17374042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite important gender differences in drinking patterns, physiological effects of alcohol, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions, relatively little is known about the efficacy of naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence in women. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of naltrexone in combination with Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy (CBCST) in a sample of alcohol-dependent women, some with comorbid eating pathology. METHODS One hundred three women meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence (29 with comorbid eating disturbances) were randomized to receive either naltrexone 50 mg or placebo for 12 weeks in addition to weekly group CBCST. Subjects were enrolled between October 1995 and December 2000 at an outpatient research clinic. RESULTS No significant differences were observed on the primary outcomes of time to first drinking day, time to first day of heavy drinking, or the percentage of participants who continued to meet the criteria for alcohol dependence. Secondary analyses revealed that naltrexone significantly delayed the time to the second (chi2=5.37, p=0.02) and third (chi2=4.35, p=0.04) drinking days among subjects who did not maintain abstinence from alcohol. Among those with eating disturbances, symptoms of eating pathology improved during treatment, but the effects did not differ according to medication condition. CONCLUSION When used in conjunction with CBCST, naltrexone did not significantly improve drinking outcomes in the overall sample of alcohol-dependent women. However, naltrexone may be of benefit to women who are unable to maintain total abstinence from alcohol. For women with concurrent eating pathology, participation in treatment for alcoholism may be associated with improvements in eating pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ljotsson B, Lundin C, Mitsell K, Carlbring P, Ramklint M, Ghaderi A. Remote treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: A randomized trial of Internet-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy. Behav Res Ther 2007; 45:649-61. [PMID: 16899213 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the efficacy of self-help based on cognitive behaviour therapy in combination with Internet support in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. After confirming the diagnosis with an in-person interview, 73 patients were randomly allocated to treatment or a waiting list control group. Treated individuals showed marked improvement after 12 weeks of self-help compared to the control group on both primary and secondary outcome measures. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed that 37% (46% among completers) had no binge eating or purging at the end of the treatment and a considerable number of patients achieved clinically significant improvement on most of the other measures as well. The results were maintained at the 6-month follow-up, and provide evidence to support the continued use and development of self-help programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ljotsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Elder KA, Grilo CM. The Spanish language version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: comparison with the Spanish language version of the eating disorder examination and test-retest reliability. Behav Res Ther 2006; 45:1369-77. [PMID: 17014823 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the Spanish language questionnaire (S-EDE-Q) and interview (S-EDE) versions of the Eating Disorder Examination and examined the short-term test-retest reliability of the questionnaire version. Seventy-seven monolingual Spanish-speaking Latina women recruited from the community completed the S-EDE-Q and were then administered the S-EDE by fully bilingual doctoral-level research clinicians. The same assessment was repeated after approximately one week (5-14 days). The S-EDE-Q and the S-EDE were significantly correlated on frequencies of binge eating and all four subscales. Mean differences in the frequency of binge eating and the Restraint subscale were not significant, but scores on the Eating Concern, Weight Concern, and Shape Concern subscales differed significantly, with the S-EDE-Q yielding higher scores. Test-retest reliability for the S-EDE-Q was modest for binge eating but was excellent for the subscales (Spearman rho ranged 0.71-0.81), albeit somewhat variable for the individual items. Overall, the acceptable convergence between the S-EDE-Q and the S-EDE for many features of eating disorders and the good short-term test-retest findings provide preliminary support for the use of the S-EDE-Q. These findings, derived using a non-clinical sample of monolingual Spanish-speaking Latina women, require replication and extension. Evaluation with a clinical sample is necessary to further establish the reliability of the S-EDE-Q with an eating disordered group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Elder
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Psychiatric Research, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208098, 301 Cedar Street (2nd Floor), New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reas DL, Grilo CM, Masheb RM. Reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire in patients with binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther 2006; 44:43-51. [PMID: 16301013 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 12/14/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the test-retest reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Short-term (mean days = 4.8; SD = 3.6) test-retest reliability of the EDE was examined in a sample of 86 patients with BED. Test-retest reliability was excellent for objective bulimic episodes (correlation = .84), but poor to unacceptable for subjective bulimic episodes and objective overeating episodes (correlations = .51 and .39, respectively). Test-retest reliabilities were good for the EDE-Q scales (correlations = .66 to .77), albeit somewhat variable for the individual EDE-Q items (.54 to .78). These findings support the reliability of the EDE-Q for patients with BED. The EDE-Q has utility for assessing the number of binge eating episodes (objective bulimic episodes) and associated features of eating disorders in patients with BED. The results for subjective bulimic episodes are consistent with previous studies in suggesting that these eating behaviors may not be reliable indicators of eating disorders for patients with BED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Reas
- Yale Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208098, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tasca GA, Ritchie K, Conrad G, Balfour L, Gayton J, Lybanon V, Bissada H. Attachment scales predict outcome in a randomized controlled trial of two group therapies for binge eating disorder: An aptitude by treatment interaction. Psychother Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10503300500090928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
19
|
Goldfein JA, Devlin MJ, Kamenetz C. Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire with and without instruction to assess binge eating in patients with binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2005; 37:107-11. [PMID: 15732081 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether adding written definitions and examples of binge eating to the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire enhances its utility to assess binge frequency in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD Eighty-nine women and men with BED completed the EDE-Q (without instruction; n = 37) or the EDE-Q-I (with instruction; n = 52) before receiving the EDE interview. Binge frequency was measured as the number of binge days (days on which one or more objective binge episodes occurred) over the past 28 days. RESULTS Binge frequency correlations between the EDE and EDE-Q-I were strongly significant (r = .543, p = .000), whereas correlations between the EDE and EDE-Q were not significant (r = .197, p = .242). DISCUSSION Providing brief detailed instructions improves the performance of the EDE-Q when evaluating binge eating in patients with BED. This suggests that, with relatively minor modifications, the EDE-Q may be a viable alternative to the EDE in assessing binge frequency in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juli A Goldfein
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, NY State Psychiatric Institute--Unit 116, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Loeb KL, Wilson GT, Labouvie E, Pratt EM, Hayaki J, Walsh BT, Agras WS, Fairburn CG. Therapeutic alliance and treatment adherence in two interventions for bulimia nervosa: A study of process and outcome. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005; 73:1097-107. [PMID: 16392983 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.73.6.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between therapeutic alliance, therapist adherence to treatment protocol, and outcome was analyzed in a randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Independent observers rated audiotapes of full-length therapy sessions. Purging frequency was the primary outcome variable. There were no significant therapist or Therapist x Treatment effects on outcome. Although results showed high levels of alliance and adherence across treatments, CBT was associated with greater adherence. Across treatments and time points, better adherence was associated with enhanced alliance. Treatment condition and baseline purging frequency, but not adherence, predicted outcome. Early alliance predicted posttreatment purging frequency. In temporal analyses, prior symptom change assessed early in treatment was significantly related to subsequent adherence at midtreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L Loeb
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Zwaan M, Mitchell JE, Swan-Kremeier L, McGregor T, Howell ML, Roerig JL, Crosby RD. A comparison of different methods of assessing the features of eating disorders in post-gastric bypass patients: a pilot study. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has begun to challenge the idea that a large amount of food is a diagnostically relevant distinction in classifying binge eating. This study examined the relationship between both objective and subjective (i.e., feeling out of control while eating an appropriate amount of food) binge eating frequency and factor analytically derived measures of dieting and psychopathology. METHOD Participants were 40 women who were admitted for inpatient treatment for bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, binge-purge type, or eating disorder not otherwise specified with binge-purge symptoms. RESULTS Controlling for subjective binge frequency, neither the psychopathology nor the dieting factors were related to objective binge frequency. Controlling for objective binge frequency, dieting, but not psychopathology, was related to subjective binge frequency. There was no correlation between frequency of subjective and objective binge eating. DISCUSSION The results are discussed in light of research on restrained eating. Implications for diagnosis and the role of loss of control in defining binge behavior are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kerzhnerman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carter JC, Aimé AA, Mills JS. Assessment of bulimia nervosa: a comparison of interview and self-report questionnaire methods. Int J Eat Disord 2001; 30:187-92. [PMID: 11449452 DOI: 10.1002/eat.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to assess the level of agreement between the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) and its self-report version (EDE-Q) on key items in a clinic sample of patients with bulimia nervosa. A second objective was to assess the concordance between self-reported and objective body weight in the sample. METHOD Sixty females who met DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa (purging type) participated. Fifty-seven of them completed both the EDE and the EDE-Q. Self-reported weight was obtained during a telephone screening interview. Objective weight was subsequently measured at an assessment about a week later. RESULTS The EDE generated higher scores than the EDE-Q for the frequency of objective binge and vomiting episodes. The two methods produced equivalent results for subjective binge episodes, laxative and diuretic misuse, and concerns about shape and weight. The self-report method underestimated body weight. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that some core features of eating disorders are more accurately assessed using the EDE interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Wilson GT. A comparison of different methods for assessing the features of eating disorders in patients with binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001; 69:317-22. [PMID: 11393608 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.69.2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors compared 3 methods for assessing the features of eating disorders in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Participants were administered the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview and completed the EDE Questionnaire (EDE-Q) at baseline. Participants prospectively self-monitored their eating behaviors daily for 4 weeks and then completed another EDE-Q. The EDE and the EDE-Q were significantly correlated on frequencies of objective bulimic episodes (binge eating) and on the Dietary Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern, and Shape Concern subscales. Mean differences in the EDE and EDE-Q frequencies of objective bulimic episodes were not significant, but scores on the 4 subscales differed significantly, with the EDE-Q yielding higher scores. At 4 weeks, the EDE-Q retrospective 28-day assessment was significantly correlated with the prospective daily self-monitoring records for frequency of objective bulimic episodes, and the mean difference between methods was not significant. The EDE-Q and self-monitoring findings for subjective bulimic episodes and objective overeating differed significantly. Thus, in patients with BED, the 3 assessment methods showed some acceptable convergence, most notably for objective bulimic episodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Berman RM. Subtyping women with bulimia nervosa along dietary and negative affect dimensions: a replication in a treatment-seeking sample. Eat Weight Disord 2001; 6:53-8. [PMID: 11300547 DOI: 10.1007/bf03339753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cluster-analysis studies of women with bulimia nervosa (BN) have suggested two subtypes, a pure dietary subtype and a mixed dietary-negative affect. We aimed to replicate the subtyping findings in a clinical study group of 48 adult women with BN. Cluster analyses revealed a dietary-negative affect subtype (56% of cases) and a pure dietary subtype (44% of cases). The dietary-negative affect subtype was characterized by significantly greater eating-related attitudinal psychopathology and associated psychological disturbance. Our findings suggest that severe restraint is a central feature of BN and that affective disturbance, which occurs in roughly half of cases, is associated with greater eating-related attitudinal psychopathology and psychological symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fichter M, Quadflieg N. The structured interview for anorexic and bulimic disorders for DSM-IV and ICD-10 (SIAB-EX): reliability and validity. Eur Psychiatry 2001; 16:38-48. [PMID: 11246291 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For reliable and valid assessment and diagnostic categorization of eating disorders, self-report measures have considerable limitations. A semi-structured interview - the SIAB-EX - was developed for a more reliable and valid assessment of eating disorders. METHODS One study (videotapes of 31 inpatients, seven raters) was made to establish inter-rater reliability; in another study with 80 patients the SIAB-EX was compared to another semi-structured interview designed for comparable purposes (EDE). In a third study data was obtained on 377 eating disorder patients seeking treatment to explore discriminant and convergent (construct) validity using the following self-rating scales: EDI, TFEQ, SCL-90, BDI, and the PERI Demoralization Scale. RESULTS Inter-rater reliability of dichotomous ratings was good with mean kappa values of.81 (current) and.85 (past). Comparison of the SIAB-EX with the EDE generally showed quite similar results and higher intercorrelation of the total scale (.77). There are, however, a number of differences between the two scales, which are discussed in detail. Construct validity of the SIAB-EX was established. CONCLUSION Inter-rater reliability was good. Convergent and discriminant (construct) validity of the SIAB-EX was demonstrated. The constructs assessed by the SIAB and its subscales and items are discussed in the context of their correlations with other well-known scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jackson TD, Grilo CM, Masheb RM. Teasing history, onset of obesity, current eating disorder psychopathology, body dissatisfaction, and psychological functioning in binge eating disorder. OBESITY RESEARCH 2000; 8:451-8. [PMID: 11011912 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2000.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this study was to examine associations among teasing history, onset of obesity, current eating disorder psychopathology, body dissatisfaction, and psychological functioning in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Subjects were 115 female adults who met DSM-IV criteria for BED. Measurements assessing teasing history (general appearance [GAT] and weight and size [WST] teasing), current eating disorder psychopathology (binge frequency, eating restraint, and concerns regarding eating, shape, and weight), body dissatisfaction, and psychological functioning (depression and self-esteem) were obtained. RESULTS History of GAT, but not WST, was associated with current weight concerns and body dissatisfaction, whereas both GAT and WST were significantly associated with current psychological functioning. Patients with earlier onset of obesity reported more WST than patients with later onset of obesity, but the groups did not differ significantly in GAT, current eating disorder psychopathology, body dissatisfaction. or psychological functioning. Obese women reported more WST than non-obese women, but no differences in GAT or the other outcome variables were observed. Higher frequency of GAT was associated with greater binge frequency in obese women, and with greater eating restraint in non-obese women. DISCUSSION Although physical appearance teasing history is not associated with variability in most eating disorder psychopathology, it is associated with related functioning, most notably body dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem. Our findings also suggest that the age of onset of obesity and current body mass index status in isolation are not associated with eating psychopathology or associated psychological functioning in adult patients with BED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Jackson
- Yale Psychiatric Research and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
This study compares the core and associated features of binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). One hundred twenty-nine adult females who were obese with BED (n = 51) or non-obese with BED (n = 32) or who had BN (n = 46) were compared using the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). The BED groups were older and had a higher body mass index (BMI). The 3 groups were similar in binge frequency, but BN subjects (by definition) purged regularly. The groups differed by dietary restraint, even after controlling for BMI and age, such that the BN group had significantly higher dietary restraint than both BED groups. Cognitively, the 3 groups were similar in the intensity of dysfunctional attitudes regarding eating, weight, and shape. The BMI and age were not associated with these dysfunctional attitudes. Our findings suggest the importance of and the need to consider cognitive--as well as behavioral--diagnostic criteria for BED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Masheb
- Yale Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the potential significance of the sequence of the onset of dieting and binge eating in binge eating disorder (BED). DESIGN BED patients were interviewed and completed a battery of psychometrically well-established measures of current eating behaviors, eating disorder psychopathology, and associated psychological functioning. SUBJECTS Participants were 98 consecutive outpatients with BED evaluated for a clinical trial. MEASURES Interview data, self-report measures and measured body weight were examined. RESULTS Participants who reported that dieting preceded binge eating (DIETfirst, 65%) were compared to those who reported that binge eating preceded their first diet (BINGEfirst, 35%). The study groups did not differ in demography, current or highest body mass index, current eating behaviors or psychopathology, or psychological functioning. The two groups did not differ in age of first diet; however, the BINGEfirst group was significantly younger when first overweight, at onset of binge eating, and at onset of BED diagnosis. The BINGEfirst group reported a higher frequency of being teased about their weight. CONCLUSIONS A substantial subgroup of BED patients report that binge eating preceded their first diet. This finding, which replicates previous reports for BED and appears higher than that generally reported for bulimia nervosa, may have implication for etiologic models of binge eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Grilo
- Yale Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since there are discrepant findings in the literature, we studied the longer-term course in a large sample of 103 DSM-IV anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. METHOD Assessments were made at four points of time: beginning of therapy, end of therapy, 2-year follow-up, and 6-year follow-up. Self-rating scales as well as expert-rating interview data were used. Eating disorder-specific and general psychopathology were assessed. These data were also compared with data on the 6-year course of patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, respectively, who were treated at the same institution at about the same time. RESULTS The participation rate at the two follow-ups was high (97.9% of those alive). The general pattern of results over time of those alive at 6-year follow-up was as follows: substantial improvement during therapy, moderate (in many instances nonsignificant) decline during the first 2 years posttreatment, and further improvement from 3 to 6 years posttreatment. At the time of the 6-year follow-up, 26.8% had AN, 9. 9% had bulimia nervosa-purging type (BN-P), 2.0% were classified as eating disorder not otherwise specified (ED-NOS), all diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria; more than one half (55.4%) showed no major DSM-IV eating disorder. Based on an operationalized global outcome score at 6-year follow-up, 34.7% had a good outcome, 38.6% an intermediate outcome, 20.8% a poor outcome, and 6 of 101 persons (5.9%) were deceased. Body mass index was 17.9 +/- 2.8 at the 6-year follow-up; amenorrhea was still found in 23.9%. DISCUSSION In comparison to samples with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder, the 6-year course of anorexia nervosa was less favorable. Mortality was rather high and symptomatic recovery protracted; predictors of unfavorable 6-year course were the presence of binges during 4 weeks before index treatment, psychiatric comorbidity, and low body weight at discharge from index treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Fichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare two groups of women with eating disorders, one inpatient and one outpatient, on selected variables. The study was undertaken to clarify differences in the two samples about (1) current standards/criteria for hospitalization of individuals with eating disorders, (2) the criteria for inpatient/outpatient treatment selection, and (3) definition of severity of illness. Six hypotheses were developed and tested by using t-test, chi(2), and discriminant function analysis. The findings supported the current standards for practice. Compared with the outpatient group the inpatient group had significantly more reported physical signs and symptoms, were more anxious and depressed, had more somatization, and had more prior hospitalizations. Prior hospitalization and physical signs, along with the eating disorder dimension, ineffectiveness, were the best predictors of hospitalization. Implications for practice that focus on more comprehensive assessments and early detection of eating disorders are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H White
- School of Nursing, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wade T, Tiggemann M, Martin N, Heath A. A comparison of the Eating Disorder Examination and a general psychiatric schedule. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1997; 31:852-7. [PMID: 9483258 DOI: 10.3109/00048679709065511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the adequacy of a general interview schedule for the purpose of assessing bulimia nervosa. METHOD In two waves of data collection 18-24 months apart, 250 women were assessed for disordered eating. The first interview was typical of that included in many psychiatric interview schedules and was used to screen women for selection in a subsequent interview. This latter interview, using the Eating Disorder Examination, represents the 'gold standard' for the assessment of disordered eating. RESULTS While the psychiatric interview satisfactorily assessed disturbed eating in general, it seemed less capable of accurately assessing cases of bulimia nervosa in particular, the major weakness being the overestimation of binge-eating. CONCLUSIONS Structured psychiatric interviews are suitable for screening purposes to identify women with disordered eating, but identification of bulimia nervosa requires further assessment with a suitable instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Wade
- School of Psychology, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|