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Mckeating S, Penrhyn-Lowe OB, Flynn S, Cassin SR, Lomas S, Fidge C, Price P, Wright S, Chambon P, Rannard SP. Controlling enzyme hydrolysis of branched polymers synthesised using transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation via telogen and taxogen selection. Commun Chem 2024; 7:197. [PMID: 39227738 PMCID: PMC11372115 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With the ever-growing reliance on polymeric materials for numerous applications, new avenues to induce, design and control degradation are clearly important. Here, we describe a previously unreported approach to controlling enzymatic hydrolysis of high molecular weight branched polymers formed from the new free-radical polymer synthesis strategy transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT). Modifying the chemical nature of TBRT polymers may be accomplished through telogen selection and multi-vinyl taxogen (MVT) design, and we show telogen-driven control of enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis and the impact of careful placement of hydrolytically susceptible groups within readily synthesised MVTs. Our results indicate that utilising conventional free-radical chemistries and unsaturated monomers as feedstocks for highly branched polymer architectures has considerable potential for the design of future materials that degrade into very low molecular weight byproducts at variable and controllable rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mckeating
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Oliver B Penrhyn-Lowe
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Savannah R Cassin
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Sarah Lomas
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Christopher Fidge
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63, 3JW, UK
| | - Paul Price
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63, 3JW, UK
| | - Stephen Wright
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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2
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Kowalczyk A, Kowalczyk K, Gruszecki J, Idzik TJ, Sośnicki JG. Thermally Stable UV-Curable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Based on Silicon-Acrylate Telomers and Selected Adhesion Promoters. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2178. [PMID: 39125203 PMCID: PMC11314175 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A new type of UV-curable pressure-sensitive adhesive containing Si atoms (Si-PSAs) was prepared by a solution-free UV-initiated telomerization process of n-butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, and 4-acrylooxybenzophenone using triethylsilane (TES) as a telogen and an acylphosphine oxide (APO) as a radical photoinitiator. Selected commercial adhesion promoters were tested as additives in the formulation of adhesive compositions, i.e., (i) an organic copolymer with polar groups (carboxyl and hydroxyl); (ii) a hydroxymetal-organic compound; and (iii) a quaternary ammonium salt and (iv) a chlorinated polyolefin. No fillers, crosslinking agents, or photoinitiators were used in the adhesive compositions. NMR techniques confirmed the incorporation of silicon atoms into the polyacrylate structure. The influence of adhesion promoters on the kinetics of the UV-crosslinking process of Si-PSAs was investigated by a photo-DSC technique. The obtained Si-PSAs were characterized by adhesion (to steel, glass, PMMA, and PE), tack, and cohesion at 20 °C. Finally, the wetting angle of Si-PSAs with water was checked and their thermal stability was proved (TGA). Unexpectedly, the quaternary ammonium salt had the most favorable effect on improving the thermal stability of Si-PSAs (302 °C) and adhesion to glass and PMMA. In contrast, Si-PSAs containing the hydroxymetal-organic compound showed excellent adhesion to steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (J.G.); (T.J.I.); (J.G.S.)
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3
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Removable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Based on Acrylic Telomer Syrups. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Removable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are used in the production of self-adhesive materials such as protective films, masking tapes or biomedical electrodes. This work presents a new and environmentally friendly method of obtaining this type of adhesive materials, i.e., photochemically induced free radical telomerization. Adhesive binders to removable PSAs, i.e., the photoreactive acrylic telomer syrups (ATS) were prepared from n-butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, and 4-acrylooxybenzophenone. Tetrabromomethane (CBr4) or bromotrichloromethane (CBrCl3) were used as the telogens. ATS was modified with unsaturated polybutadiene resin and a radical photoinitiator. Adhesive compositions were coated onto a carrier and UV cross-linked. The effects of the chemical nature of telomers (i.e., terminal Br or Cl atoms) and their molecular weight (K-value), as well as the cross-linking degree on adhesive properties of PSAs, were studied. It was found that with the increase in telogen content in the system, the dynamic viscosity of ATS and K-value of acrylic telomers decrease, and the conversion of monomers increases. CBr4 turned out to be a more effective chain transfer agent than CBrCl3. Moreover, telomers with terminal Br-atoms (7.5 mmol of CBr4), due to slightly lower molecular weights and viscosity, showed a higher photocrosslinking ability (which was confirmed by high cohesion results at 20 and 70 °C, i.e., >72 h). Generally, higher values of the temperature at which adhesive failure occurred were noted for PSAs based on ATS with lower telogen content (7.5 mmol), both CBr4 and CBrCl3. The excellent result for removable PSA was obtained in the case of telomer syrup Br-7.5 crosslinked with a 5 J/cm2 dose of UV-radiation (adhesion ca.1.3 N/25 mm, and cohesion > 72 h).
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4
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Tabaght FE, Azzaoui K, Idrissi AE, Jodeh S, Khalaf B, Rhazi L, Bellaouchi R, Asehraou A, Hammouti B, Sabbahi R. Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation studies of new cellulose-based polymers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1673. [PMID: 36717660 PMCID: PMC9887067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New cellulose carbamates and cellulose acetate carbamates were prepared by classical addition reaction of isocyanates with alcohols. A Telomerization technique was used to make the grafted molecules strongly anchored and more hydrophobic. These molecules were grafted into cellulose and CA chains, respectively. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared and Thermogravimetric Analysis, and their solubility phenomenon was also established, and the carbamate derivatives showed better solubility compared to cellulose. Their ability to biodegrade was investigated, and it was concluded that Cell-P1 and CA-P1 derivatives are more biodegradable than the other samples. These results suggest that the resulting compounds can be used effectively in many useful industrial fields, for instance, eco-friendly food packaging, domains that use materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable and the development of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Tabaght
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - K Azzaoui
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco.
| | - A El Idrissi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - S Jodeh
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - B Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - L Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle Transformations & Agro-Resources Research Unit (ULR7519), 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - R Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - A Asehraou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - B Hammouti
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - R Sabbahi
- Laboratory of Development and Valorization of Resources in Desert Zones, Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Quartier 25 Mars, P.O. Box 3007, Laayoune, Morocco
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5
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Weisbrodt M, Kowalczyk A. Self-Crosslinkable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives from Silicone-(Meth)acrylate Telomer Syrups. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8924. [PMID: 36556730 PMCID: PMC9780798 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel and environmentally friendly method for the preparation of photoreactive pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) was demonstrated. Adhesive binders based on n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, and 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone were prepared with a UV-induced telomerization process in the presence of triethylsilane (TES) as a telogen and acylphosphine oxide (APO) as a radical photoinitiator. The influence of TES (0−10 wt. parts) and APO (0.05−0.1 wt. parts/100 wt. parts of monomer mixtures) concentrations on the UV telomerization process kinetics was investigated using a photodifferential scanning calorimetry method and selected physicochemical features of the obtained silicone-(met)acrylate telomeric syrups (K-value, solid content, glass-transition temperature, and dynamic viscosity), as well as properties of the obtained PSAs (Tg, adhesion, tack, and cohesion), were studied. An increase in TES content caused a significant decrease in the Tg values (approx. 10 °C) and K-value (up to approximately 25 a.u.) of the dry telomers, as well as the dynamic viscosity of the telomeric syrups. PSAs were obtained through UV irradiation of thin polymer films consisting only of silicone-(meth)acrylate telomer solutions (without the use of additional chemical modifiers or of a protective gas atmosphere and protective layers). PSAs were characterized by very good adhesion (12.4 N/25 mm), cohesion at 20 °C (>72 h) and 70 °C (>72 h), and low glass-transition temperature (−25 °C).
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6
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Penrhyn-Lowe OB, Cassin SR, Chambon P, Rannard SP. Controlling the pH-response of branched copolymer nanoprecipitates synthesised by transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT) through telogen chemistry and spatial distribution of tertiary amine functionality. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4051-4058. [PMID: 36285220 PMCID: PMC9514558 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amine functionality offers the modification of polymer properties to enable stimuli-responsive behaviour, and this feature has been utilised in numerous studies of self-assembly and disassembly. The ability to place amines as pendant groups along linear polymer backbones within distinct blocks, at chain ends or as statistical mixtures with other functionalities, has allowed fine tuning of responses to pH. Here we study and compare the placement of amines within the backbones or as pendant groups within polyesters synthesised by the newly reported transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT). Branched polymers with backbone amines are clearly shown to undergo dissolution that is determined by pH and telogen selection; they undergo nanoprecipitation only when hydrophilic telogens are present within their structure and provide nanoprecipitates that are highly sensitive to the addition of acid. In contrast, TBRT polymers with pendant amines form uniform nanoparticles with remarkable stability to pH changes, under identical nanoprecipitation conditions. The behaviour differences shown here open new avenues of synthetic flexibility for pH-responsive polymer design using TBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver B Penrhyn-Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Savannah R Cassin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
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7
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Zeng Y, Zhou Y, Quan Q, Chen M. Facile Access to gem-Trifluoromethyl/Boron-Functionalized Polymers via Free-Radical Copolymerization and Cotelomerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qinzhi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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Structural Adhesives Tapes Based on a Solid Epoxy Resin and Multifunctional Acrylic Telomers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203561. [PMID: 34685319 PMCID: PMC8539131 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally curable pressure-sensitive structural adhesives tapes (SATs) were compounded using a solid epoxy resin and multifunctional acrylic telomer solutions (MATs) prepared by a thermally initiated telomerization process in an epoxy diluent containing two kinds of telogens (CBr4 or CBrCl3). Dynamic viscosity, K-value, and volatile mater content in MATs (i.e., MAT-T with CBr4, MAT-B with CBrCl3) were investigated in relation to telogen type and content. The influence of MATs on the self-adhesive features and curing behavior of UV-crosslinked tapes as well as on the shear strength of thermally cured aluminum–SAT–aluminum joints was investigated as well. Increasing the telogen dose (from 5 to 15 wt. parts) caused significant improvement in the adhesion (+315% and +184%), tack (+147% and +298%), and cohesion (+414% and +1716%) of SATs based on MAT-T and MAT-B, respectively. Additionally, MATs with high telogen content (especially the MAT-T-type) improved the resistance of cured joints to aviation fuel, humidity, and elevated temperature. The highest overlap shear strength values were registered for SATs based on MATs containing 7.5 wt. parts of CBr4 (16.7 MPa) or 10 wt. parts of CBrCl3 (15.3 MPa).
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9
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The Effect of Type-I Photoinitiators on the Kinetics of the UV-Induced Cotelomerization Process of Acrylate Monomers and Properties of Obtained Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164563. [PMID: 34443085 PMCID: PMC8398243 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A new method of solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on UV-induced cotelomerization products was presented. The key acrylic monomers (i.e., n-butyl acrylate and acrylic acid) with copolymerizable photoinitiator 4-acrylooxybenzophenone in the presence of a selected chain transfer agent (tetrabromomethane, TBM) were used in the UV-cotelomerization process. Moreover, two kinds of UV-photoinitiators (α-hydroxyalkylphenones, HPs and acylphosphine oxides, APOs) were tested. Photo-DSC, viscosity, thermogravimetric, and GPC measurements for cotelomers were performed. The kinetics study revealed that the systems with APOs, especially Omnirad 819 and Omnirad TPO, were characterized by a much higher reaction rate and greater initiation efficiency than HPs systems were. Additionally, the APO-based syrups exhibited a higher solid content (ca. 60–96 wt%), a higher dynamic viscosity (5–185 Pa·s), but slightly lower molecular weights (Mn and Mw) compared to HP syrups. However, better self-adhesive features (i.e., adhesion and tack) were observed for PSAs based on cotelomers syrups obtained using APOs with lower solid contents (55–80 wt%). It was found that as the solids content (i.e., monomers conversion) increased the adhesion, the tack and glass transition temperature decreased and the type and amount of photoinitiator had no effect on polydispersity. Most of the obtained PSAs were characterized by excellent cohesion, both at 20 °C and 70 °C.
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10
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Cassin SR, Flynn S, Chambon P, Rannard SP. Quantification of branching within high molecular weight polymers with polyester backbones formed by transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT). RSC Adv 2021; 11:24374-24380. [PMID: 35479039 PMCID: PMC9036642 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New branched polymerisations offer previously inaccessible macromolecules and architectural understanding is important as it provides insight into the branching mechanism and enables the determination of structure-property relationships. Here we present a detailed inverse gated 13C NMR characterisation of materials derived from the very recently reported Transfer-dominated Branching Radical Telomerisation (TBRT) approach to quantify branching and provide an insight into cyclisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R Cassin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
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11
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Penrhyn-Lowe OB, Flynn S, Cassin SR, Mckeating S, Lomas S, Wright S, Chambon P, Rannard SP. Impact of multi-vinyl taxogen dimensions on high molecular weight soluble polymer synthesis using transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The creation of branched polymers by TBRT is influenced by the molecular dimensions of the polymerising species. A mechanistic understanding is presented that includes a radical lifetime sphere model that is unique to telomerisation conditions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver B. Penrhyn-Lowe
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Sean Flynn
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Savannah R. Cassin
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Samuel Mckeating
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Sarah Lomas
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Stephen Wright
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Steve P. Rannard
- Materials Innovation Factory & Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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12
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Kowalczyk A, Weisbrodt M, Schmidt B, Gziut K. Influence of Acrylic Acid on Kinetics of UV-Induced Cotelomerization Process and Properties of Obtained Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5661. [PMID: 33322468 PMCID: PMC7763448 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new environmentally friendly method of photoreactive pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) preparation was demonstrated. PSAs based on n-butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA) and 4-acryloyloxy benxophenone (ABP) were prepared via the UV-induced cotelomerization process in the presence of a radical photoinitiator (acylphosphine oxide) and telogen (tetrabromomethane). Hydroxyterminated polybutadiene was used as a crosslinking agent. Influence of AA concentration (0-10 wt %) on kinetics of the cotelomerization process was investigated using a photodifferential scanning calorimetry method, selected physicochemical features of obtained photoreactive BA/AA/ABP cotelomers (molecular masses, polydispersity, monomers conversion and dynamic viscosity) and self-adhesive properties of obtained PSAs (adhesion, tack and cohesion) were studied, as well. It turned out that AA content is the important factor that influences monomers conversion (thereby the volatile parts content in prepolymer) and PSAs' properties. As the acrylic acid content increases, the reaction rate increases, but the total monomers conversion and the solid content of the prepolymer decreases. Additionally, the adhesion and cohesion of PSAs were grown up, and their tackiness decreased. However, the AA content has no effect on molecular weights (Mw and Mn) and polydispersity (c.a. 1.5) of photoreactive cotelomers. The optimal AA content necessary to obtain a prepolymer with low volatile parts content and good PSA properties was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.W.); (B.S.); (K.G.)
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13
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Macromolecular engineering approach for the preparation of new architectures from fluorinated olefins and their applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Jiang K, Han S, Ma M, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Chen M. Photoorganocatalyzed Reversible-Deactivation Alternating Copolymerization of Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Vinyl Ethers under Ambient Conditions: Facile Access to Main-Chain Fluorinated Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7108-7115. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Shantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
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15
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Cassin SR, Chambon P, Rannard SP. Hyperbranched polymers with step-growth chemistries from transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT) of divinyl monomers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The commercially relevant synthesis of novel materials with step-growth backbones has been achieved by applying conventional chemistries to the radical telomerisation of divinyl monomers leading to high molecular weight branched polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R. Cassin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
- Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
- Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
| | - Steve P. Rannard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
- Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
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16
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López-Domínguez P, Olvera-Mancilla J, Palacios-Alquisira J, Alexandrova L, Dubé MA, Vivaldo-Lima E. Kinetic modeling of vinyl acetate telomerization catalyzed by metal transition complexes under thermal and microwave heating. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1424549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio López-Domínguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jessica Olvera-Mancilla
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Joaquín Palacios-Alquisira
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Larissa Alexandrova
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marc A. Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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17
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Golzari N, Adams J, Beuermann S. Inducing β Phase Crystallinity in Block Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride with Methyl Methacrylate or Styrene. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E306. [PMID: 30970986 PMCID: PMC6418974 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with either styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized and analyzed with respect to the type of the crystalline phase occurring. PVDF with iodine end groups (PVDF-I) was prepared by iodine transfer polymerization either in solution with supercritical CO₂ or in emulsion. To activate all iodine end groups Mn₂(CO)10 is employed. Upon UV irradiation Mn(CO)₅ radicals are obtained, which abstract iodine from PVDF-I generating PVDF radicals. Subsequent polymerization with styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) yields block copolymers. Size exclusion chromatography and NMR results prove that the entire PVDF-I is converted. XRD, FT-IR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses allow for the identification of crystal phase transformation. It is clearly shown that the original α crystalline phase of PVDF-I is changed to the β crystalline phase in case of the block copolymers. For ratios of the VDF block length to the MMA block length ranging from 1.4 to 5 only β phase material was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Golzari
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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18
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Simpson CP, Adebolu OI, Kim JS, Vasu V, Asandei AD. Photochemically Enabled Iodine Degenerative Transfer Controlled Radical Homo- and Block Copolymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride at Ambient Temperatures with Mn2(CO)10 and Visible Light. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1187.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Simpson
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
| | - Olumide I. Adebolu
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
| | - Joon-Sung Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
| | - Vignesh Vasu
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
| | - Alexandru D. Asandei
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
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20
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Lopez G, Thenappan A, Améduri B. Synthesis of Chlorotrifluoroethylene-Based Block Copolymers by Iodine Transfer Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:16-20. [PMID: 35596393 DOI: 10.1021/mz5006712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various fluorinated macro-chain transfer agents (CTAs) based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), or CTFE and vinylidene chloride (VDC), were synthesized by iodine transfer polymerization (ITP). These macro-CTAs were involved in a further ITP reaction that led to the synthesis of original CTFE-based block copolymers exhibiting molecular weight ranging from 2500 to 40000 g/mol and endowed with high thermal stabilities (decomposition temperature at 10% weight loss of ca. 380 °C, under air). ITP of CTFE and VDC as well as ITP of VDF thermally initiated at 100 °C by a catalytic amount of dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10) are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Lopez
- Ingénierie
and Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt,
École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l’École Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Bruno Améduri
- Ingénierie
and Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt,
École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l’École Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France
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21
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Recent advances in the controlled radical (co) polymerization of fluoroalkenes and applications therefrom. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Boutevin B, Auvergne R, David G. Thiol‐ene Radical Coupling: A Powerful Technique for the Synthesis of Polymer Precursors, Block Copolymers and Graft Copolymers. THIOL‐X CHEMISTRIES IN POLYMER AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849736961-00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This chapter aims to show how reaching functional oligomers and polymers by thiol‐ene radical coupling. According to the vinyl monomers used, different strategies can be adapted in order to reach either monofunctional or telechelic oligomers. For example, combination of thiol‐ene radical coupling onto a functional monomer provides high value oligomers such as silane‐coupling agents for composite materials. This chapter also discusses thiol‐ene radical coupling onto vinyl‐containing polymers, which leads to partial modification of the properties. Finally, we showed how thiol‐ene radical coupling allows for the synthesis of block copolymers such as PMMA‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253 Laboratoire Ingénierie et Architecture Macromoléculaire Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Remi Auvergne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253 Laboratoire Ingénierie et Architecture Macromoléculaire Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Ghislain David
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253 Laboratoire Ingénierie et Architecture Macromoléculaire Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
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23
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Saikia PJ, Hazarika AK, Baruah SD. Iron(III)-mediated ATRP systems of n-docosyl acrylate with AIBN and BPO. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Li GH, Yang PP, Gao ZS, Zhu YQ. Synthesis and micellar behavior of poly(acrylic acid-b-styrene) block copolymers. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Lv MQ, Shi Y, Yang WT, Fu ZF. Synthesis of amphiphilic heteroarm star-shaped polymer via free radical polymerization using polyfunctional chain transfer agent and its self-assembly behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Asandei AD, Adebolu OI, Simpson CP. Mild-temperature Mn2(CO)10-photomediated controlled radical polymerization of vinylidene fluoride and synthesis of well-defined poly(vinylidene fluoride) block copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6080-3. [PMID: 22458593 DOI: 10.1021/ja300178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
By contrast to typical high-temperature (100-250 °C) telo-/polymerizations of gaseous fluorinated monomers, carried out in high-pressure metal reactors, the visible light, Mn(2)(CO)(10)-photomediated initiation of vinylidene fluoride (bp = -83 °C) polymerization occurs readily from a variety of alkyl, semifluorinated, and perfluorinated halides at 40 °C, in low-pressure glass tubes and in a variety of solvents, including water and alkyl carbonates. Perfluorinated alkyl iodide initiators also induce a controlled radical polymerization via iodine degenerative transfer (IDT). While IDT proceeds with accumulation of the less reactive P(m)-CF(2)-CH(2)-I vs the P(n)-CH(2)-CF(2)-I chain ends, Mn(2)(CO)(10) enables their subsequent quantitative activation toward the synthesis of well-defined poly(vinylidene fluoride) block copolymers with a variety of other monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru D Asandei
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06069-3136, USA.
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27
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Foster O, Soeriyadi AH, Whittaker MR, Davis TP, Boyer C. Synthesis of block copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization and ‘click chemistry’ grafted from pre-functionalized polypropylene surfaces using gamma irradiation. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20392h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Chanthad C, Masser KA, Xu K, Runt J, Wang Q. Synthesis of triblock copolymers composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and ionic liquid segments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Velasco D, Collin E, San Roman J, Pandit A, Elvira C. End functionalized polymeric system derived from pyrrolidine provide high transfection efficiency. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:485-94. [PMID: 21723390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemical architecture and functionality play an important role in the physico-chemical properties of cationic polymers with applications as gene vectors. In this study, linear homopolymers of N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide (EPA), copolymers of EPA with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and oligomers of EPA were synthesized, and the resulting structures were evaluated for their transfection efficiency as non-viral gene vectors. Specifically, polymer species with high and low molecular weights (120-2.6 kDa) and different functionalities (tertiary amines as side chains and primary amine as chain end) were prepared as non-crosslinked, linear homopolymers, copolymers and oligomers, respectively. Polymer/DNA complexes (polyplexes) formation was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis, showing that all systems complexed with DNA in all P/N ratios with the exception of the EPA homopolymer. Furthermore, light scattering measurements and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) showed different size (50-450 nm) and morphology depending on the composition and concentration of the polyplex systems. Cell viability and proliferation after contact with polymer and polyplexes were studied using 3T3 fibroblasts, and the systems showed an excellent biocompatibility at 2 and 4 days. Transfection studies were performed with plasmid Gaussian luciferase kit and were found that the highest transfection efficiency in serum free was obtained with oligomers from the P/N ratio of 1/6 to 1/10. Transfection values of the functionalized oligomers with respect to the control linear poly (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [poly (DMAEMA)] are very interesting in the presence of serum. Haemolysis for these polymers values below 1%, which provide attractive potential applications in gene therapy with these non-toxic readsorbable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Velasco
- Biomaterials Department, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Roth PJ, Boyer C, Lowe AB, Davis TP. RAFT Polymerization and Thiol Chemistry: A Complementary Pairing for Implementing Modern Macromolecular Design. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1123-43. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Soeriyadi AH, Li GZ, Slavin S, Jones MW, Amos CM, Becer CR, Whittaker MR, Haddleton DM, Boyer C, Davis TP. Synthesis and modification of thermoresponsive poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) via catalytic chain transfer polymerization and thiol–ene Michael addition. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00372g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Liu L, Lu D, Wang H, Dong Q, Wang P, Bai R. Living/controlled free radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethene and butyl vinyl ether under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of S-benzyl O-ethyl dithiocarbonate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7839-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameduri Bruno
- Engineering and Macromolecular Architectures, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR (CNRS) 5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8, Rue Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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34
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35
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Furuncuoğlu T, Uğur İ, Değirmenci İ, Aviyente V. Role of Chain Transfer Agents in Free Radical Polymerization Kinetics. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902803p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Furuncuoğlu
- Chemistry Department, Boğazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İ. Uğur
- Chemistry Department, Boğazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İ. Değirmenci
- Chemistry Department, Boğazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - V. Aviyente
- Chemistry Department, Boğazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
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36
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Pouget E, Tonnar J, Lucas P, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Ganachaud F, Boutevin B. Well-Architectured Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Containing Copolymers Obtained by Radical Chemistry. Chem Rev 2009; 110:1233-77. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pouget
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS/UM2/ENSCM/UM1, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jeff Tonnar
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS/UM2/ENSCM/UM1, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Patrice Lucas
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS/UM2/ENSCM/UM1, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS/UM2/ENSCM/UM1, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - François Ganachaud
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS/UM2/ENSCM/UM1, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS/UM2/ENSCM/UM1, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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37
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Nottelet B, Darcos V, Coudane J. Polyiodized-PCL as multisite transfer agent: Towards an enlarged library of degradable graft copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Pardal F, Lapinte V, Robin JJ. Modification of silica nanoparticles by grafting of copolymers containing organosilane and fluorine moities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Li C, Fu Z, Shi Y. Investigation on chain transfer reaction of benzene sulfonyl chloride in styrene radical polymerization. Macromol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Konkolewicz D, Siauw M, Gray-Weale A, Hawkett BS, Perrier S. Obtaining kinetic information from the chain-length distribution of polymers produced by RAFT. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:7086-94. [PMID: 19402692 DOI: 10.1021/jp900684t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple model for the kinetics and chain-length distribution of polymers made by living radical techniques. Living radical methods give good control over the molecular weight of a linear polymer by capping the growing end and forming a dormant chain. The polymer is predominantly capped, and occasionally decaps to form a radical that propagates for a short period before recapping. Our model uses this mechanism to describe the chain-length distribution of polymers made by living radical methods. We focus on oligomers made by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as model systems. Our model can determine optimal reaction conditions for desired polymer properties and test hypotheses about reaction schemes by using only two parameters, with each parameter related to the kinetics. The first parameter is the mean number of monomers added when a chain decaps. A broad distribution results if many monomers are added upon decapping. The second parameter is the mean number of times a polymer decaps. Many decapping events indicate high monomer conversion. Our model gives kinetic information by directly fitting to an experimental chain-length distribution, which is the reverse of other kinetic models that generate the distribution from rate coefficients. Our approach has also the advantage of being simpler than previously published kinetic schemes, which use many rate coefficients as inputs. Our model was tested against three monomers (acrylic acid, butyl acrylate, and styrene) and two RAFT agents. In each case, we successfully describe the chain-length distribution, and give information about the kinetics, especially the probability of propagation versus deactivation by the RAFT mechanism. This excellent agreement with a priori expectations and quantum calculations makes our model a powerful tool for predicting the structure of polymers obtained by living radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Konkolewicz
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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41
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42
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Li K, Liang S, Lu Y, Wang Q. Synthesis of Telechelic Fluoropolymers with Well-Defined Functional End Groups for Cross-Linked Networks and Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Siwei Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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43
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David G, Boutevin B, Seabrook S, Destarac M, Woodward G, Otter G. Radical Telomerisation of Vinyl Phosphonic Acid with a Series of Chain Transfer Agents. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Boyer C, Boutevin G, Robin JJ, Boutevin B. Synthesis of macromonomers of acrylic acid by telomerization: Application to the synthesis of polystyrene-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Atom transfer radical coupling of polystyrene and poly(methyl acrylate) synthesized by reverse iodine transfer polymerization. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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47
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Telechelic Oligomers and Macromonomers by Radical Techniques. OLIGOMERS # POLYMER COMPOSITES # MOLECULAR IMPRINTING 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2006_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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48
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Zhai G, Cao Y, Gao J. Covalently tethered comb-like polymer brushes on hydrogen-terminated Si (100) surface via consecutive aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization of methacrylates. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Kamigaito M, Satoh K. Stereospecific living radical polymerization for simultaneous control of molecular weight and tacticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Study of the synthesis of graft copolymers by a reactive process. Influence of the copolymer structure on the adhesion of polypropylene onto poly(vinylidene fluoride). Polym Degrad Stab 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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