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Hu L, Shen Y, Zhang H, Ma N, Li Y, Xu H, Wang M, Chen P, Guo G, Cao Y, Gao Y, Li J. Effects of dietary palmitic acid and oleic acid ratio on milk production, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and milk fatty acid profile of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4370-4380. [PMID: 38246548 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Adequate energy supply is a crucial factor for maintaining the production performance in cows during the early lactation period. Adding fatty acids (FA) to diets can improve energy supply, and the effect could be related to the chain length and degree of saturation of those FA. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different ratios of palmitic acid (C16:0) to oleic acid (cis-9 C18:1) on the production performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and milk FA profile in early lactation dairy cows. Seventy-two multiparous Holstein cows (63.5 ± 2.61 days in milk) blocked by parity (2.39 ± 0.20), body weight (668.3 ± 20.1 kg), body condition score (3.29 ± 0.06), and milk yield (47.9 ± 1.63 kg) were used in a completely randomized design. Cows were divided into 3 groups with 24 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 treatment groups were provided iso-energy and iso-nitrogen diets, but the C16:0 to cis-9 C18:1 ratios were different: (1) 90.9% C16:0 + 9.1% cis-9 C18:1 (90.9:9.1); (2) 79.5% C16:0 + 20.5% cis-9 C18:1 (79.5:20.5); and (3) 72.7% C16:0 + 27.3% cis-9 C18:1 (72.7:27.3). Fatty acids were added at 1.3% on a dry matter basis. Although the dry matter intake fat-corrected milk yield and energy-corrected milk yield were not affected, the milk yield, milk protein yield, and feed efficiency increased linearly with increasing cis-9 C18:1 ratio. The milk protein percentage and milk fat yield did not differ among treatments, whereas the milk fat percentage tended to decrease linearly with the increasing cis-9 C18:1 ratio. The lactose yield increased linearly and lactose percentage tended to increase linearly with increasing cis-9 C18:1 ratio, but the percentage of milk total solids and somatic cell count decreased linearly. Although body condition scores were not affected by treatments, body weight loss decreased linearly with increasing cis-9 C18:1 ratio. The effect of treatment on nutrient digestibility was limited, except for a linear increase in ether extract and neutral detergent fiber digestibility with increasing cis-9 C18:1 ratio. There was a linear increase in the concentration of plasma glucose, but the triglyceride and nonesterified FA concentrations decreased linearly with increasing cis-9 C18:1 ratio. As the cis-9 C18:1 ratio increased, the concentration of de novo FA decreased quadratically, but the mixed and preformed fatty acids increased linearly. In conclusion, increasing cis-9 C18:1 ratio could increase production performance and decrease body weight loss by increasing nutrient digestibility, and the ratio that had the most powerful beneficial effect on early lactation cows was 72.7:27.3 (C16:0 to cis-9 C18:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Hu
- College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Beijing Shounong Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing 100076, PR China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Hongjian Xu
- College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Meimei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Panliang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- Beijing Shounong Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing 100076, PR China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
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Singh H, Kumar Y, Meghwal M. Encapsulated oil powder: Processing, properties, and applications. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himani Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Sonepat Haryana India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padova Padua Italy
| | - Murlidhar Meghwal
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Sonepat Haryana India
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Mens A, van Krimpen M, Kar S, Guiscafre F, Sijtsma L. Enriching table eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids through dietary supplementation with the phototrophically grown green algae Nannochloropsis limnetica: effects of microalgae on nutrient retention, performance, egg characteristics and health parameters. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101869. [PMID: 35477136 PMCID: PMC9061635 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid content of microalgae, especially the high content of omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), could enrich eggs when fed to laying hens. Moreover, the properties and bioactive components of omega-3 fatty acids could positively influence the health and production performance of laying hens. In this study, the effects of dried Nannochloropsis limnetica inclusions in diets on yolk omega-3 fatty acid content, laying hen performance, nutrient retention, intestinal morphometry and systemic inflammatory markers were measured. A total of 240 twenty-five-wk-old laying hens were randomly assigned to 5 treatments distributed among 30 pens. Treatment A received the reference diet, while diets in treatments B, C, and D contained the control diet with 1, 2, and 3% microalgae added, respectively. In treatment E, a portion of ingredients of the control diet was replaced with rapeseed meal to induce a mild nutritional challenge, along with an inclusion of 3% microalgae. Compared to the control group the rate of lay increased by approximately 5% (P = 0.039) when birds were fed 2 or 3% microalgae. Furthermore, inclusion of 2 and 3% microalgae resulted in higher feed intake compared to the control group (126, 125, and 119 g/hen/d respectively; P = 0.001). Other performance parameters such as nutrient retention and egg characteristics were not affected by the dietary treatments. The EPA and DHA content of the yolk increased with increasing microalgae inclusion level (P < 0.001). A 2% algal inclusion resulted in 58.3 (EPA) and 603 (DHA) mg per 100 g dry yolk, respectively. Plasma haptoglobin levels of laying hens in both treatments receiving 3% microalgae were almost 3 times lower compared to the control group (1.25 and 1.62 vs. 5.60; P < 0.001), regardless of the inclusion of rapeseed in the diet. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the inclusion of N. limnetica enriches the egg yolk without negatively affecting the performance of laying hens and egg characteristics. Due to the positive effect on feed intake, microalgae in the diet provide nutritional benefits for laying hens. However, the positive effects of microalgae, especially on the health of laying hens, warrants further research.
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Thicker Shell Eggs with Enriched N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Lower Yolk Cholesterol Contents, as Affected by Dietary Nettle ( Urtica cannabina) Supplementation in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111994. [PMID: 33138235 PMCID: PMC7692280 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The nettle Urticacannabina (U. cannabina) belongs to the Urticaceae (nettle) family in the major group Angiosperms (flowering plants); it is distributed worldwide in temperate regions. While it was previously considered to be a weed, increasing evidence suggests that it is a valuable nutrient resource and has multiple biological functions when included in both human and animal diets. U. cannabina was given to laying hens in this experiment to study its effect on the hens’ performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acids composition, and serum biochemical parameters. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with U. cannabina has the potential to produce high-quality eggs. The data collected in this experiment can be used to inform further use of this plant to improve the lipid profile and fatty acid composition of eggs produced by hens fed on U. cannabina. Abstract The nettle Urticacannabina (U.cannabina) is not only a functional edible food for humans but also a potential alternative feed resource for poultry, providing protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary U.cannabina on the production of high-quality eggs with enriched n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lower cholesterol contents. One hundred and twenty laying hens were assigned to three groups [control, 15% alfalfa meal supplementation (TRTA), and 15% U.cannabina supplementation (TRTU)]. The results showed that the feed intake, yolk color, and shell thickness were increased (p < 0.05) in the U.cannabina group. Moreover, cholesterol contents of the yolk and serum were lower in the U.cannabina group (p < 0.05). The total n-3 PUFA concentration in the yolk was increased while the ratio of n-6/n-3 was reduced in the U.cannabina group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of U.cannabina increased shell thickness, yolk n-3 PUFA levels, and yolk color, and reduced cholesterol contents of the yolk and serum without any negative impacts on health or laying performance.
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Zhang JY, Wang XB, Hu J, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation with graded levels of omega-3 fatty acids on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profile, faecal microbial in weaning pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1813738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ying Zhang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Bin Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Oonincx DG, Laurent S, Veenenbos ME, van Loon JJ. Dietary enrichment of edible insects with omega 3 fatty acids. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:500-509. [PMID: 30801963 PMCID: PMC7216978 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Edible insects are advocated as sustainable and healthy food and feed. However, commercially produced insects are often low in n-3 fatty acids and have suboptimal n-6/n-3 ratios. A certain amount and proportion of these FAs is required to optimize human health. Flaxseed oil consists primarily (57%) out of alpha-linolenic acid. An experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of flaxseed oil provision on fatty acid composition and to determine the quantity needed to attain a beneficial n-6/n-3 ratio. Three species were used in the experiment: house crickets (Acheta domesticus [L.]), lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus [Pfanzer]) and black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens [L.]). These were provided with either a control diet or a diet enriched with 1%, 2%, or 4% flaxseed oil during their larval/nymphal stage. Fatty acid profiles of diets and insects were determined via GC-MS. The three species had distinct fatty acid profiles on all four diets, but responded similarly to flaxseed oil addition. For each percent added to the diet, the alpha-linolenic acid content of the insects increased by 2.3%-2.7%. Four percent addition increased the n-3 fatty acid content 10-20 fold in the three species and thereby strongly decreased n-6/n-3 ratios from 18-36 to 0.8-2.4. A ratio below 5 is considered optimal for human health and was achieved by 2% flaxseed oil inclusion for house crickets and lesser mealworms, and at 1% inclusion for black soldier flies. Adding a source of n-3 fatty acids to insect diets can thus improve the nutritional quality of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G.A.B. Oonincx
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
- Sophie Laurent, ONIRISFood Process EngineeringUMR CNRS 6144 GEPEANantes Cedex 3France
| | - Margot E. Veenenbos
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Joop J.A. van Loon
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
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Solomando JC, Antequera T, Perez-Palacios T. Evaluating the use of fish oil microcapsules as omega-3 vehicle in cooked and dry-cured sausages as affected by their processing, storage and cooking. Meat Sci 2019; 162:108031. [PMID: 31864039 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the use of monolayered (Mo) and multilayered (Mu) fish oil microcapsules as vehicles of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cooked and dry-cured meat products as affected by the storage and culinary heating or dry-cured processing. Proximate composition, oxidation, EPA and DHA quantity, acceptability and morphology were evaluated. Mo and Mu microcapsules increased the quantity of EPA and DHA, leading to cooked and dry-cured products susceptible to be labeled as "source of omega-3 fatty acids", without influencing physico-chemical characteristics, oxidative stability, acceptability or usual changes that take place during the culinary heating or dry-cured processing. The storage at refrigeration influenced on usual modifications on lipid oxidation and hedonic scores, but overall quality of the meat products enriched seems not to be impaired after storing. Thus, it could be indicated the viability of Mo and Mu as vehicles to enrich meat products subjected to low and high temperature for manufacturing, storage at refrigeration and culinary heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Solomando
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IProCar), University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Teresa Antequera
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IProCar), University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Trinidad Perez-Palacios
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IProCar), University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
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8
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Rubber seed oil supplementation enriches n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduces cholesterol contents of egg yolks in laying hens. Food Chem 2019; 301:125198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Zhao N, Xin H, Li Z, Wang Z, Zhang L. Supplemental Feeding of Laying Hens with Wood Vinegar to Decrease the Ratio of n-6 to n-3 Fatty Acids in Eggs. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nurdalila AA, Mayalvanan Y, Baharum SN. Metabolite profiling of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus infected with vibriosis reveals Omega 9 as potential metabolite biomarker. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1203-1215. [PMID: 30915615 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the starvation effect and vibriosis infection on a tropical fish, the tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). The tiger groupers were infected with Vibrio vulnificus for 21 days. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis was used to assess the variation in metabolite profiles of E. fuscoguttatus. Metabolite productions in infected fishes were significantly influenced by fatty acid production. The Omega 9 (ω-9) was abundant under the challenged conditions compared to Omega 3 (ω-3) and Omega 6 (ω-6). A total of six fatty acids from the ω-9 group were detected in high concentration in the infected fishes compared to the control groupers. These metabolites are Oleic acid, Palmitoleic acid, 6,9-Octadecenoic acid, 8,11-Eicosadienoic acid, cis-Erucic acid and 5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid. The production of ω-9 differed significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in the challenged samples. The detected ω-9 compounds were quantified based on three different extraction techniques with Supelco 37-component FAME mix (Supelco, USA). The highest concentration of ω-9 groups compared to the other fatty acids detected is 1320.79 mg/4 g and the lowest is 939 mg/4 g in challenged-starved; meanwhile, in challenged-fed, the highest concentration detected is 1220.87 mg/4 g and the lowest is 917.25 mg/4 g. These changes demonstrate that ω-9 can be used as a biomarker of infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A'wani Aziz Nurdalila
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Kolej Permata Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yosmetha Mayalvanan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Omri B, Chalghoumi R, Izzo L, Ritieni A, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Abdouli H, Santini A. Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Linseed Alone or Together with Tomato-Red Pepper Mix on Laying Hens' Egg Yolk Fatty Acids Profile and Health Lipid Indexes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040813. [PMID: 30974860 PMCID: PMC6521111 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of linseed incorporation in laying hens’ feed (alone or along with a tomato-red pepper mix) on laying hens’ egg yolk fatty acids profile, as well as on their atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) health lipid indexes, and the ratio between the hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (HH). Sixty 27 weeks-old Novogen White laying hens were divided into three groups and given 100 g/hen/day of a standard diet (Control, C) containing 4.5% of ground linseed (Linseed diet, L), containing 1% of dried tomato paste and 1% sweet red pepper (Lineseeds-Tomato-Pepper, LTP). The linseed dietary inclusion significantly reduced the egg yolk content of palmitic acid from 25.41% (C) to 23.43% (L) and that of stearic acid from 14.75% (C) to 12.52% (L). Feeding 4.5% ground linseed did not affect the egg yolk content of α-Linolenic acid but significantly increased the egg yolk concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from 0.011% (C) to 0.047% (L) and that of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 1.94% (C) to 2.73% (L). The IA and the HH were not affected (p > 0.05) by the dietary addition of linseed, whereas the IT decreased (p < 0.05) from 1.16 (C) to 0.86 (L). Adding tomato-sweet red pepper mix to the linseed-supplemented feed did not affect the measured parameters as compared to the linseed dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Omri
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Tabarka Road, Mateur, Bizerte 7030, Tunisia.
- National Agronomy Institute, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République, P.O. Box 77, Amilcar, Tunis 1054, Tunisia.
| | - Raja Chalghoumi
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Tabarka Road, Mateur, Bizerte 7030, Tunisia.
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Hédi Abdouli
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Tabarka Road, Mateur, Bizerte 7030, Tunisia.
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Wu YB, Li L, Wen ZG, Yan HJ, Yang PL, Tang J, Xie M, Hou SS. Dual functions of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich microalgae: enrichment of yolk with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and partial replacement for soybean meal in diet of laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:350-357. [PMID: 30203026 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp., NS), with high contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and crude protein, may be one of the important n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) sources and potential protein feed ingredient. The purposes of this study were to enrich yolk with n-3 PUFA by dietary EPA-rich NS supplementation and to evaluate whether it is feasible to partly substitute for soybean meal in laying hens diet. A total of 360 37-wk-old healthy Lohmann Brown laying hens, with similar laying rate and body weight, were randomly allotted to 5 groups (6 replicates, 12 birds/replicate) and fed 5 experimental diets (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8% NS) for 4 wk. The hen performance and egg quality (except yolk color) were not affected (P > 0.05) by the NS supplemental diets. Yolk color score was increased as NS supplementation in diets (P < 0.001), and peaked on about the seventh day in all NS supplemental groups. The concentration of total n-3 PUFA was increased (P < 0.001), while total n-6 PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratio were decreased (P < 0.001) in yolk with increasing NS levels in diets. The 8% NS group had highest docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 PUFA levels, reaching 111.6 mg DHA and 148.6 mg total n-3 PUFA per egg. Maximum DHA, total n-3 PUFA, very long-chain (LC-) n-3 PUFA, and LC-PUFA levels were all observed at day 13 of NS supplementation. In conclusion, dietary NS supplementation enriched yolk with n-3 PUFA (especially DHA) and enhanced yolk color score without adverse effects on performance and egg quality, and indicated the practical feasibility of partial replacement for soybean meal in laying hens diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Z G Wen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Yan
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - P L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - S S Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Dąbrowska M, Sokalska K, Gumułka P, Binert-Kusztal Ż, Starek M. Quantification of omega-3 fatty acids in dietary supplements and cooking products available on the polish market by thin-layer chromatography–densitometry. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dąbrowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sokalska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Gumułka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Żaneta Binert-Kusztal
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Starek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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14
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Zhang ZS, Liu YL, Che LM. Characterization of a New α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Oil: Eucommia ulmoides Seed Oil. J Food Sci 2018; 83:617-623. [PMID: 29355957 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides seed oil is the main byproduct of E. ulmoides cultivation. To better understand its functions, E. ulmoides seed oil is characterized comprehensively in this work. The composition of E. ulmoides seed, physicochemical properties, thermal properties, fatty acid composition, triacylglycerol (TAG) composition and Vitamin E composition of E. ulmoides seed oil were determined. The results show that the E. ulmoides seed contained about 34.63% oil. The excellent physicochemical properties of E. ulmoides seed oil ensured it has a potential to be developed as an edible oil. The main fatty acids in E. ulmoides seed oil were linolenic acid (61.36%), oleic acid (17.02%), and linoleic acid (12.04%). HPLC-ELSD method determined that LnLnLn (37.99%), LnLnO (22.62%), LnLnL (14.5%), and LnLnP (8.78%) were the oil's major TAG components. The oil exhibited a unique thermal curve which contained 2 melting peaks at -38.45 and -22.22 °C, respectively. The total content of vitamin E in E. ulmoides seed oil was 190.96 mg/100g, which exist mainly in γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol isomer. Overall, the results indicated that E. ulmoides seed oil is a promising oil in food, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and other nonfood industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shan Zhang
- Coll. of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, NO.100, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 45001, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Liu
- Coll. of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, NO.100, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 45001, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Che
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Xiamen Univ., No.422, Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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15
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Rodríguez De Marco E, Steffolani ME, Martínez M, León AE. The use ofNannochloropsissp. as a source of omega-3 fatty acids in dry pasta: chemical, technological and sensory evaluation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Rodríguez De Marco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC); CONICET-UNC; Av. Filloy S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Steffolani
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC); CONICET-UNC; Av. Filloy S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Marcela Martínez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV, CONICET); Cátedra de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba); Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666, X5016GCN Córdoba Argentina
| | - Alberto E. León
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC); CONICET-UNC; Av. Filloy S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba Argentina
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16
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Aliev AM, Abdulagatov IM. The study of microalgae Nannochloropsis salina fatty acid composition of the extracts using different techniques. SCF vs conventional extraction. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Goncharova K, Kirko S, Grujic D, Kardas M, Grochowska-Niedworok E, Prykhodko O, Woliński J, Ushakova G, Lozinska L, Pierzynowski SG. Enhanced absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids following consumption of functional milk formula, pre-digested with immobilized lipase ex vivo , in an exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pig model. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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18
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Rombaut N, Savoire R, Van Hecke E, Thomasset B. Supercritical CO2
extraction of linseed: Optimization by experimental design with regards to oil yield and composition. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Rombaut
- UTC/ESCOM, EA4297 TIMR; Compiègne France
- Sorbonne Universités, UTC, FRE 3580 CNRS; Compiègne France
| | - Raphaëlle Savoire
- UTC/ESCOM, EA4297 TIMR; Compiègne France
- Bordeaux INP/CNRS/Université de Bordeaux; UMR 5248 CBMN; Pessac France
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19
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Rasti B, Erfanian A, Selamat J. Novel nanoliposomal encapsulated omega-3 fatty acids and their applications in food. Food Chem 2017; 230:690-696. [PMID: 28407968 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to evaluate the application, stability and suitability of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) incorporated nanoliposomes in food enrichment. Nanoliposomal ω3 PUFAs was prepared by Mozafari method, and their application in bread and milk was compared with unencapsulated (fish oil) and microencapsulated ω3 PUFAs. Sensory evaluation was conducted to determine the perceptible sensory difference/similarity between control, unencapsulated, microencapsulated, and nanoliposomal ω3 PUFAs enriched foods. Results showed no significant (p=0.11) detectable difference between control and nanoliposomal ω3 PUFAs enriched samples while, samples enriched with unencapsulated or microencapsulated ω3 PUFAs showed significant (p=0.02) fishy flavor. Moreover, significantly (p<0.01) higher ω3 PUFAs % recovery and lower peroxide and anisidine values were observed in nanoliposomal ω3 PUFAs enriched samples in comparison with other samples. In conclusion, an effective and reproducible method for application of ω3 PUFAs in the food system was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rasti
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Arezoo Erfanian
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Food Safety and Food Integrity Laboratory (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Food and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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20
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Suárez-Jiménez GM, López-Saiz CM, Ramírez-Guerra HE, Ezquerra-Brauer JM, Ruiz-Cruz S, Torres-Arreola W. Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Tocopherols in the Lipid Stability of Marine Oil Systems: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1968. [PMID: 27886145 PMCID: PMC5187768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In marine organisms primarily intended for human consumption, the quality of the muscle and the extracted oils may be affected by lipid oxidation during storage, even at low temperatures. This has led to a search for alternatives to maintain quality. In this sense, antioxidant compounds have been used to prevent such lipid deterioration. Among the most used compounds are tocopherols, which, due to their natural origin, have become an excellent alternative to prevent or retard lipid oxidation and maintain the quality of marine products. Tocopherols as antioxidants have been studied both exogenously and endogenously. Exogenous tocopherols are often used by incorporating them into plastic packaging films or adding them directly to fish oil. It has been observed that exogenous tocopherols incorporated in low concentrations maintain the quality of both muscle and the extracted oils during food storage. However, it has been reported that tocopherols applied at higher concentrations act as a prooxidant molecule, probably because their reactions with singlet oxygen may generate free radicals and cause the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils. However, when tocopherols are included in a fish diet (endogenous tocopherols), the antioxidant effect on the muscle lipids is more effective due to their incorporation into the membrane lipids, which can help extend the shelf life of seafood by reducing the lipid deterioration that occurs due to antioxidant synergy with other phenolic compounds used supplements in fish muscle. This review focuses on the most important studies in this field and highlights the potential of using tocopherols as antioxidants in marine oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Miroslava Suárez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
| | - Carmen María López-Saiz
- Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Unidad Académica Hermosillo, Ley Federal del Trabajo s/n, 83100 Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
| | - Hugo Enrique Ramírez-Guerra
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
| | - Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
| | - Saul Ruiz-Cruz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
| | - Wilfrido Torres-Arreola
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
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21
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Zinnai A, Sanmartin C, Taglieri I, Andrich G, Venturi F. Supercritical fluid extraction from microalgae with high content of LC-PUFAs. A case of study: Sc-CO2 oil extraction from Schizochytrium sp. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Xia F, Li X, Li X, Zheng D, Sun Q, Liu J, Li Y, Hua J, Qi B. Elevation of the Yields of Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids via Minimal Codon Optimization of Two Key Biosynthetic Enzymes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158103. [PMID: 27433934 PMCID: PMC4951033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19) are nutritionally beneficial to human health. Transgenic production of EPA and DHA in oilseed crops by transferring genes originating from lower eukaryotes, such as microalgae and fungi, has been attempted in recent years. However, the low yield of EPA and DHA produced in these transgenic crops is a major hurdle for the commercialization of these transgenics. Many factors can negatively affect transgene expression, leading to a low level of converted fatty acid products. Among these the codon bias between the transgene donor and the host crop is one of the major contributing factors. Therefore, we carried out codon optimization of a fatty acid delta-6 desaturase gene PinD6 from the fungus Phytophthora infestans, and a delta-9 elongase gene, IgASE1 from the microalga Isochrysis galbana for expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis respectively. These are the two key genes encoding enzymes for driving the first catalytic steps in the Δ6 desaturation/Δ6 elongation and the Δ9 elongation/Δ8 desaturation pathways for EPA/DHA biosynthesis. Hence expression levels of these two genes are important in determining the final yield of EPA/DHA. Via PCR-based mutagenesis we optimized the least preferred codons within the first 16 codons at their N-termini, as well as the most biased CGC codons (coding for arginine) within the entire sequences of both genes. An expression study showed that transgenic Arabidopsis plants harbouring the codon-optimized IgASE1 contained 64% more elongated fatty acid products than plants expressing the native IgASE1 sequence, whilst Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the codon optimized PinD6 yielded 20 times more desaturated products than yeast expressing wild-type (WT) PinD6. Thus the codon optimization strategy we developed here offers a simple, effective and low-cost alternative to whole gene synthesis for high expression of foreign genes in yeast and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000, China
| | - Desong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000, China
| | - Quanxi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000, China
| | - Yaxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000, China
| | - Jinping Hua
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baoxiu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271000, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Lemahieu C, Bruneel C, Termote-Verhalle R, Muylaert K, Foubert I, Buyse J. Dynamics of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation in egg yolk by autotrophic microalgal supplementation. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lemahieu
- Research Unit Food and Lipids; KU Leuven Kulak; Kortrijk Belgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LForce); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Imogen Foubert
- Research Unit Food and Lipids; KU Leuven Kulak; Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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24
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Shih CH, Chen HY, Lee HC, Tsai HJ. Purple chromoprotein gene serves as a new selection marker for transgenesis of the microalga Nannochloropsis oculata. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120780. [PMID: 25793255 PMCID: PMC4368691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the methods used to screen transgenic microalgae, antibiotics selection has raised environmental and food safety concerns, while the observation of fluorescence proteins could be influenced by the endogenous fluorescence of host chloroplasts. As an alternative, this study isolated the purple chromoprotein (CP) from Stichodacyla haddoni (shCP). A plasmid in which shCP cDNA is driven by a heat-inducible promoter was linearized and electroporated into 2.5×108 protoplasts of Nannochloropsis oculata. Following regeneration and cultivation on an f/2 medium plate for two weeks, we observed 26 colonies that displayed a slightly dark green coloration. After individually subculturing and performing five hours of heat shock at 42°C, a dark brown color was mosaically displayed in five of these colonies, indicating that both untransformed and transformed cells were mixed together in each colony. To obtain a uniform expression of shCP throughout the whole colony, we continuously isolated each transformed cell that exhibited brown coloration and subcultured it on a fresh plate, resulting in the generation of five transgenic lines of N. oculata which stably harbored the shCP gene for at least 22 months, as confirmed by PCR detection and observation by the naked eye. As shown by Western blot, exogenous shCP protein was expressed in these transgenic microalgae. Since shCP protein is biodegradable and originates from a marine organism, both environmental and food safety concerns have been eliminated, making this novel shCP reporter gene a simple, but effective and ecologically safe, marker for screening and isolating transgenic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Han Shih
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yin Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Farbod F, Kalbasi A, Moini S, Emam-Djomeh Z, Razavi H, Mortazavi A. Effects of storage time on compositional, micro-structural, rheological and sensory properties of low fat Iranian UF-Feta cheese fortified with fish oil or fish oil powder. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:1372-82. [PMID: 25745205 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fish oil (FO), and fish oil powder (FOP) at 10 % of recommended daily intake (RDI) were used to make two types of fortified feta cheeses. The physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties of ripened samples at 0, 30, and 60th days of cold store (5 °C) showed that the FO samples had a faster pH reduction, higher MSNF (milk solid non-fat) increase (p < 0.05) and more pores formation. Storage (G') and loss (G") moduli for both samples decreased until the 30th day of cold storage and then increased until the end of the storage time but both of them were higher for FOP samples. The index of secondary lipid oxidation or thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of FO was lower than FOP samples. Although the polyunsaturated fatty acids of both samples were much higher than common feta cheese, their degradation in FO was less than FOP samples after storage. The sensory scores of FO were significantly higher than FOP sample (P < 0.05), and it obtained up to 70 % of overall acceptability after 30 and 60 days storage for its better hardness, texture and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Farbod
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kalbasi
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sohrab Moini
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Emam-Djomeh
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Wani TA, Shah AG, Wani SM, Wani IA, Masoodi FA, Nissar N, Shagoo MA. Suitability of Different Food Grade Materials for the Encapsulation of Some Functional Foods Well Reported for Their Advantages and Susceptibility. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2431-2454. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.845814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Yılmaz E, Öǧütcü M, Arifoglu N. Assessment of Thermal and Textural Characteristics and Consumer Preferences of Lemon and Strawberry Flavored Fish Oil Organogels. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:1049-56. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa Öǧütcü
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
| | - Nazan Arifoglu
- Department of Food Technology, Bayramiç Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
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28
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Pottel L, Lycke M, Boterberg T, Pottel H, Goethals L, Duprez F, Maes A, Goemaere S, Rottey S, Foubert I, Debruyne PR. Echium oil is not protective against weight loss in head and neck cancer patients undergoing curative radio(chemo)therapy: a randomised-controlled trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:382. [PMID: 25293388 PMCID: PMC4200132 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy-induced mucositis and dysphagia puts head and neck (H&N) cancer patients at increased risk for developing cachexia. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) have been suggested to protect against cachexia. We aimed to examine if echium oil, a plant source of n-3 FA, could reduce weight loss in H&N cancer patients undergoing radio(chemo)therapy with curative intent. METHODS In a double-blind trial, patients were randomly assigned to echium oil (intervention (I) group; 7.5 ml bis in die (b.i.d.), 235 mg/ml α-linolenic acid (ALA) + 95 mg/ml stearidonic acid (SDA) + 79 mg/ml γ-linolenic acid (GLA)) or n-3 FA deficient sunflower oil high oleic (control (C) group; 7.5 ml b.i.d.) additional to standard nutritional support during treatment. Differences in percentage weight loss between both groups were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Erythrocyte FA profile, body composition, nutritional status and quality of life were collected. RESULTS Ninety-one eligible patients were randomised, of whom 83 were evaluable. Dietary supplement adherence was comparable in both groups (median, I: 87%, C: 81%). At week 4, the I group showed significantly increased values of erythrocyte n-3 eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 14% vs -5%) and n-6 GLA (42% vs -20%) compared to the C group, without a significant change in n-6 arachidonic acid (AA, 2% vs -1%). Intention-to-treat analysis could not reveal a significant reduction in weight loss related to echium oil consumption (median weight loss, I: 8.9%, C: 7.6%). Also, no significant improvement was observed in the other evaluated anthropometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS Echium oil effectively increased erythrocyte EPA and GLA FAs in H&N cancer patients. It failed however to protect against weight loss, or improve nutritional parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01596933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Pottel
- />Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Loofstraat 43, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- />Ageing and Cancer Research Cluster, Centre for Positive Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lycke
- />Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Loofstraat 43, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- />Ageing and Cancer Research Cluster, Centre for Positive Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Tom Boterberg
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- />Ageing and Cancer Research Cluster, Centre for Positive Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Hans Pottel
- />Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Catholic University Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Laurence Goethals
- />Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Loofstraat 43, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Fréderic Duprez
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alex Maes
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- />Department of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imogen Foubert
- />Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LForCe), Catholic University Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Philip R Debruyne
- />Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Loofstraat 43, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- />Ageing and Cancer Research Cluster, Centre for Positive Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
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Bona F, Capuzzo A, Franchino M, Maffei ME. Semicontinuous nitrogen limitation as convenient operation strategy to maximize fatty acid production in Neochloris oleoabundans. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dong D, Wang H, Xu F, Xu C, Shao X, Li H. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction, Fatty Acid Composition, Oxidative Stability, and Antioxidant Effect of Torreya grandis Seed Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide during experimental murine paracoccidioidomycosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:947687. [PMID: 24455741 PMCID: PMC3886617 DOI: 10.1155/2013/947687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There has recently been increased interest in the potential health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the immune system. Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most important endemic mycosis in Latin America. Macrophages have a fundamental role and act as first line of organism defense. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of n-3 fatty acids on the production of PGE2 and NO by mice infected with Pb18 and fed a diet enriched with LNA for 8 weeks. To study the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on macrophage activity during experimental paracoccidioidomycosis, mice were infected with Pb18 and fed a diet supplemented with LNA. PGE2 in the serum of animals was analyzed and NO in the supernatants of macrophages cultured and challenged in vitro with Pb18 was measured. Omega-3 fatty acids seemed to decrease the production of PGE2 in vivo in the infected group fed an LNA-supplemented diet during the 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment. At the same time, we observed an increase in synthesis of NO by peritoneal macrophages in this group. Omega-3 fatty acids thus appear to have an immunomodulatory effect in paracoccidioidomycosis.
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Lu FSH, Thomsen BR, Hyldig G, Green-Petersen DMB, Nielsen NS, Baron CP, Jacobsen C. Oxidative Stability and Sensory Attributes of Fermented Milk Product Fortified with Fish Oil and Marine Phospholipids. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lemahieu C, Bruneel C, Termote-Verhalle R, Muylaert K, Buyse J, Foubert I. Impact of feed supplementation with different omega-3 rich microalgae species on enrichment of eggs of laying hens. Food Chem 2013; 141:4051-9. [PMID: 23993584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four different omega-3 rich autotrophic microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana and Chlorella fusca, were supplemented to the diet of laying hens in order to increase the level of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) in egg yolk. The microalgae were supplemented in two doses: 125 mg and 250 mg extra n-3 PUFA per 100g feed. Supplementing these microalgae resulted in increased but different n-3 LC-PUFA levels in egg yolk, mainly docosahexaenoic acid enrichment. Only supplementation of Chlorella gave rise to mainly α-linolenic acid enrichment. The highest efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment was obtained by supplementation of Phaeodactylum and Isochrysis. Furthermore, yolk colour shifted from yellow to a more intense red colour with supplementation of Phaeodactylum, Nannochloropsis and Isochrysis, due to transfer of carotenoids from microalgae to eggs. This study shows that besides Nannochloropsis other microalgae offer an alternative to current sources for enrichment of hen eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lemahieu
- Research Unit Food and Lipids, KU Leuven Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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Aghbashlo M, Mobli H, Madadlou A, Rafiee S. Fish oil microencapsulation as influenced by spray dryer operational variables. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; University of Tehran; Karaj; Iran
| | - Hossien Mobli
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; University of Tehran; Karaj; Iran
| | - Ashkan Madadlou
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; University of Tehran; Karaj; Iran
| | - Shahin Rafiee
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; University of Tehran; Karaj; Iran
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Bruneel C, Lemahieu C, Fraeye I, Ryckebosch E, Muylaert K, Buyse J, Foubert I. Impact of microalgal feed supplementation on omega-3 fatty acid enrichment of hen eggs. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Characterization of Oxidative Stability of Fish Oil- and Plant Oil-Enriched Skimmed Milk. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fraeye I, Bruneel C, Lemahieu C, Buyse J, Muylaert K, Foubert I. Dietary enrichment of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids: A review. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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38
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de Conto LC, Porto Oliveira RS, Pereira Martin LG, Chang YK, Steel CJ. Effects of the addition of microencapsulated omega-3 and rosemary extract on the technological and sensory quality of white pan bread. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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NIELSEN NINASKALL, JACOBSEN CHARLOTTE. RETARDATION OF LIPID OXIDATION IN FISH OIL-ENRICHED FISH PÂTÉ- COMBINATION EFFECTS. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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HENNA LU F, NORZIAH M. CONTRIBUTION OF MICROENCAPSULATED N-3 PUFA POWDER TOWARD SENSORY AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF BREAD. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2010.00505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Sakhno LO. Variability in the fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil: Classical breeding and biotechnology. CYTOL GENET+ 2010. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452710060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Hu Z, Zhong Q. Determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in microencapsulated products. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ferguson LR, Smith BG, James BJ. Combining nutrition, food science and engineering in developing solutions to Inflammatory bowel diseases--omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as an example. Food Funct 2010; 1:60-72. [PMID: 21776456 DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are debilitating conditions, characterised by lifelong sensitivity to certain foods, and often a need for surgery and life-long medication. The anti-inflammatory effects of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated acids justify their inclusion in enteral nutrition formulas that have been associated with disease remission. However, there have been variable data in clinical trials to test supplementary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in inducing or maintaining remission in these diseases. Although variability in trial design has been suggested as a major factor, we suggest that variability in processing and presentation of the products may be equally or more important. The nature of the source, and rapidity of getting the fish or other food source to processing or to market, will affect the percentage of the various fatty acids, possible presence of heavy metal contaminants and oxidation status of the various fatty acids. For dietary supplements or fortified foods, whether the product is encapsulated or not, whether storage is under nitrogen or not, and length of time between harvest, processing and marketing will again profoundly affect the properties of the final product. Clinical trials to test efficacy of these products in IBD to date have utilised the relevant skills of pharmacology and gastroenterology. We suggest that knowledge from food science, nutrition and engineering will be essential to establish the true role of this important group of compounds in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition, FM&HS, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Anwar SH, Weissbrodt J, Kunz B. Microencapsulation of fish oil by spray granulation and fluid bed film coating. J Food Sci 2010; 75:E359-71. [PMID: 20722921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The stability of microencapsulated fish oil prepared with 2 production processes, spray granulation (SG) and SG followed by film coating (SG-FC) using a fluid bed equipment, was investigated. In the 1st process, 3 types of fish oil used were based on the ratios of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (10/50, 33/22, and 18/12). Each type was emulsified with soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) and maltodextrin to produce 25% oil powders. In the 2nd process, 15% film coating of hydroxypropyl betacyclodextrin (HPBCD) was applied to the granules from the 1st process. The powder stability against oxidation was examined by measurement of peroxide values (PV) and headspace propanal after storage at room temperature and at 3 to 4 degrees C for 6 wk. Uncoated powder containing the lowest concentration of PUFA (18/12) was found to be stable during storage at room temperature with maximum PV of 3.98 +/- 0.001 meq/kg oil. The PV increased sharply for uncoated powder with higher concentration of omega-3 (in 33/22 and 10/50 fish oils) after 3 wk storage. The PVs were in agreement with the concentration of propanal, and these 2 parameters remained constant for most of the uncoated powders stored at low temperature. Unexpectedly, the outcomes showed that the coated powders had lower stability than uncoated powders as indicated by higher initial PVs; more hydroperoxides were detected as well as increasing propanal concentration. The investigation suggests that the film-coating by HPBCD ineffectively protected fish oil as the coating process might have induced further oxidation; however, SG is a good method for producing fish oil powder and to protect it from oxidation because of the "onion skin" structure of granules produced in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Haryani Anwar
- Insti. fuer Ernaehrungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Bereich Lebensmitteltechnologie, Univ. Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre? Nutr Res Rev 2010; 23:65-134. [PMID: 20565994 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422410000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time and glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking and satiety, viscosity and SCFA production, and/or reduced glycaemic response) and Mg (better glycaemic homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties of numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in the bran and germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms in this protection. Recent findings, the exhaustive listing of bioactive compounds found in whole-grain wheat, their content in whole-grain, bran and germ fractions and their estimated bioavailability, have led to new hypotheses. The involvement of polyphenols in cell signalling and gene regulation, and of sulfur compounds, lignin and phytic acid should be considered in antioxidant protection. Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source of methyl donors and lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol and folates) that may be involved in cardiovascular and/or hepatic protection, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Potential protective effects of bound phenolic acids within the colon, of the B-complex vitamins on the nervous system and mental health, of oligosaccharides as prebiotics, of compounds associated with skeleton health, and of other compounds such as alpha-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid also deserve to be studied in more depth. Finally, benefits of nutrigenomics to study complex physiological effects of the 'whole-grain package', and the most promising ways for improving the nutritional quality of cereal products are discussed.
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Eidhin DN, O'Beirne D. Oxidative stability and acceptability of camelina oil blended with selected fish oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kolanowski W. Omega-3 LC PUFA Contents and Oxidative Stability of Encapsulated Fish Oil Dietary Supplements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910802652222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Henna Lu FS, Norziah MH. Stability of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in breads after baking and upon storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jacobsen C. Enrichment of foods with omega-3 fatty acids: a multidisciplinary challenge. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1190:141-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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50
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