1
|
Murudkar PH, Tambe MS, Chandrasekar S, Boddeda B, Pawar AT. Common Ayurvedic, Chinese traditional and Unani antidiabetic formulations- a review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991083. [PMID: 36313351 PMCID: PMC9597356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most widely recognized endocrine disorder which is influencing a bigger populace on the planet. There are various causes of diabetes, such as physical inactivity, obesity, family history, race, and age. Diabetes mellitus is associated with some life-threatening complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, various eye diseases or retinopathy, and cardiovascular disorders. Many synthetic antihyperglycemic agents are available in the market for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. But, due to some serious side effects of these synthetic agents, people are opting for herbal remedies and, therefore, they are now becoming popular. Herbal remedies have lesser side effects and higher affordability and therefore can be preferably used over synthetic agents for a long-term disorder like diabetes mellitus. In the present study, scientific research and review studies on the topic were collected from Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant sources. The references of all the articles were screened manually for any additional information on popular polyherbal formulations in traditional Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Unani medicinal systems. It is found that these polyherbal formulations are studied for anti-diabetic potential. Furthermore, some are also investigated for mechanism of action of anti-diabetic effects. This review highlights various Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Unani polyherbal formulations commonly utilized in the management of diabetes mellitus along with their pre-clinical and clinical investigations, which will enhance the existing knowledge of the researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta H. Murudkar
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | - Mukul S. Tambe
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Anil T. Pawar
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Anil T. Pawar,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim H, Kojima N, Uchida R, Somekawa S, Inoue N, Kobayashi H, Osuka Y. The additive effects of exercise and essential amino acid on muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling older Japanese women with muscle mass decline, but not weakness and slowness: a randomized controlled and placebo trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1841-1852. [PMID: 32978751 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise and essential amino acid supplementation have been separately shown to improve muscle mass in elderly people, however, the combined, added effects of both interventions have yielded inconsistent results on muscle mass, strength, and physical function improvement. AIMS To investigate the additive effects of exercise and essential amino acid supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and walking ability in older Japanese women with muscle mass decline, but not weakness and slowness. METHODS One hundred thirty women over 65 years of age were defined as having muscle decline and randomly assigned into two groups; exercise and amino acid supplementation (n = 65) or exercise and placebo supplementation (n = 65). The exercise group attended a 60-min comprehensive training program once a week and were encouraged to perform a home-based exercise program. The amino acid or placebo group ingested a 3 g supplement daily for 3-month. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Interview data and functional fitness measurements, such as muscle strength and walking ability were collected at baseline and after the 3-month intervention. RESULTS There were no significant group × time interactions in primary outcomes such as muscle mass and strength. However, interactions were observed in the degree of low back discomfort (P = 0.014). Percent change of low back discomfort was significantly greater in exercise + amino acid group compared with exercise + placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The combination of exercise and amino acid supplementation had a beneficial effect on low back discomfort. However, additional effects were not observed in primary outcomes including muscle mass and strength in this population.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu D, Wen Q, Liu M, Gao Y, Luo L, Zhang Z, Chen Q. Dietary supplements for prediabetes: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20347. [PMID: 32443387 PMCID: PMC7253655 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of prediabetic individuals is at a high level worldwide and they have an increased risk of developing diabetes, causing severe physical impairment and heavy financial burden. Recently, using various dietary supplements is increasingly common, and relevant trials of different diseases are increasing correspondingly. The effects of dietary supplements have been confirmed in some studies among prediabetic individuals. However, there remains no comprehensive systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements intake in prediabetic individuals. METHODS We plan to search and retrieve applicable randomized controlled trials of dietary supplements for prediabetic individuals in the following databases before June 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database(AMED), Chinese Biomedical Literature database, Wan Fang database, Chinese Scientific Journal database (VIP), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database(CNKI), and the ClinicalTrials.gov website. Two reviewers will separately perform study selection, data extraction, methodological quality assessment and quality of evidence assessment. Data analysis and publication bias will be conducted by Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This evidence-based medicine systematic review will prove the efficacy and safety of multifarious dietary supplements for prediabetes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this systematic review is based merely on already published literature, no approval of the ethics committee is required. We will disseminate this systematic review to a peer-reviewed journal. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202040057.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang CC, Li L, Shao YF, Liu XK, Tam WH, Li RM. Chinese herbal medicines for treating gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD013354. [PMCID: PMC6589870 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityCollege of Basic Medical SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Feng Shao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityFirst Clinical Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Xue Kui Liu
- Xuzhou Central HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology#199, South jiefang RdXuzhouChina221009
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- The Chinese University of Hong KongDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPrince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Rui Man Li
- Jinan UniversityDepartment Obstetrics and GynecologyHuangpu Road West 601GuangzhouChina510632
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zuo Gui Wan Alters Expression of Energy Metabolism Genes and Prevents Cell Death in High-Glucose Loaded Mouse Embryos. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2409471. [PMID: 30046334 PMCID: PMC6036835 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2409471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Zuo Gui Wan (ZGW) is a classic formula in traditional chinese medicine (TCM). Previous studies have shown that it is beneficial for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) of adults and the offspring as well. This study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms of the efficacy of ZGW on IGT. Methods We used high-glucose loaded 2-cell stage mouse embryos as a model and took advantage of single-cell RNA sequencing technology to analyze the transcriptome of the model with or without ZGW. Differential gene expression analysis was performed with DESeq2. Results High glucose can downregulate genes in the ribosome pathway, while ZGW can reverse this inhibition and as a result prevent embryo cell death caused by high glucose. Furthermore, high glucose can affect sugar metabolism and influence mitochondrial function, but ZGW can promote sugar metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle mainly through upregulating the genes in the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions ZGW had a protective effect on embryonic cell death caused by glucose loading. The reversion of inhibition of ribosome pathway and regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism are main effects of ZGW on high-glucose loaded embryos. This research not only revealed the global gene regulation changes of high glucose affecting 2-cell stage embryos but also provided insight into the potential molecular mechanisms of ZGW on the IGT model.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pang B, Zhang Y, Liu J, He LS, Zheng YJ, Lian FM, Tong XL. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes with the Chinese Herbal Medicine Tianqi Capsule: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Ther 2017; 8:1227-1242. [PMID: 29027648 PMCID: PMC5688982 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-017-0316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevention of the rapid growth in incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a big challenge for clinicians. In China, many trials have indicated that Tianqi capsule, which contains several Chinese herbal medicines as part of a large healing system called traditional Chinese medicine, could decrease the incidence of T2DM. The review assessed the effectiveness of Tianqi capsule in prevention of T2DM. METHODS Seven electronic databases were searched to identify eligible trials published from the inception of the databases up until May 1, 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Tianqi capsule for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to the Cochrane review standards. A random or a fixed effect model was used to analyze outcomes which were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences (MD), and I 2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS Six trials were identified that included 1027 subjects. Meta-analysis showed that subjects who received Tianqi capsule plus lifestyle modification (LM) were less likely to progress to T2DM compared to controls (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44-0.68). Subjects who received Tianqi capsule plus LM were more likely to have glucose return to normal compared to controls (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.62-0.78); and they had reduced fasting plasma glucose (FBG) (MD - 0.35; 95% CI - 0.55 to - 0.16) and 2-h plasma glucose (2 h PG) (MD - 1.04; 95% CI - 1.75 to - 0.32). There was no statistical difference between the two groups for IGT stabilized incidence (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.71-1.12). No obvious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION In patients with IGT, Tianqi capsule reduced the risk of progression to T2DM and increased the possibility of regression toward normoglycemia. As a result of the limited number of RCTs and the methodological drawbacks of the included studies, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Sinobioway Group Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang Tian Ren Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Li-Sha He
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng W, Lauche R, Ferguson C, Frawley J, Adams J, Sibbritt D. Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for stroke modifiable risk factors: a systematic review. Chin Med 2017; 12:25. [PMID: 28878815 PMCID: PMC5584346 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vast majority of stroke burden is attributable to its modifiable risk factors. This paper aimed to systematically summarise the evidence of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) interventions on stroke modifiable risk factors for stroke prevention. Methods A literature search was conducted via the MEDLINE, CINAHL/EBSCO, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Database from 1996 to 2016. Randomised controlled trials or cross-over studies were included. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results A total of 46 trials (6895 participants) were identified regarding the use of CHM interventions in the management of stroke risk factors, including 12 trials for hypertension, 10 trials for diabetes, eight trials for hyperlipidemia, seven trials for impaired glucose tolerance, three trials for obesity, and six trials for combined risk factors. Amongst the included trials with diverse study design, an intervention of CHM as a supplement to biomedicine and/or a lifestyle intervention was found to be more effective in lowering blood pressure, decreasing blood glucose level, helping impaired glucose tolerance reverse to normal, and/or reducing body weight compared to CHM monotherapy. While no trial reported deaths amongst the CHM groups, some papers do report moderate adverse effects associated with CHM use. However, the findings of such beneficial effects of CHM should be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneous set of complex CHM studied, the various control interventions employed, the use of different participants’ inclusion criteria, and low methodological quality across the published studies. The risk of bias of trials identified was largely unclear in the domains of selection bias and detection bias across the included studies. Conclusion This study showed substantial evidence of varied CHM interventions improving the stroke modifiable risk factors. More rigorous research examining the use of CHM products for sole or multiple major stroke risk factors are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Peng
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Romy Lauche
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Chronic Care, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Jane Frawley
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia.,Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Level 8, Building 10, 235-253 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pang B, Lian FM, Zhao XY, Zhao XM, Jin D, Lin YQ, Zheng YJ, Ni Q, Tong XL. Prevention of type 2 diabetes with the traditional Chinese patent medicine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 131:242-259. [PMID: 28780370 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Early interventions in prediabetes can prevent or delay the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this review was to assess the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese patent medicine (TCPM) on the prevention of T2DM. METHODS Seven electronic databases were searched to identify eligible trials published until June 1, 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared TCPM plus lifestyle modification (LM) versus LM alone were included for in the. RCTs that used TCPM plus LM compared with placebo plus LM were also included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A random- or fixed-effect model was used to analyze outcomes that were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences (MD), and the I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty-six trials with a total of 4169 participants met the inclusion criteria. Subgroup analysis confirmed that, compared with LM alone, TCPM and LM together were significantly better at reducing diabetes (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.38-0.59) and normalizing blood glucose (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.85). They also caused a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FBG) (MD, -0.37; 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.13), 2-h plasma glucose (2h PG) (MD, -0.91; 95% CI, -1.35 to -0.47) and body mass index (BMI) (MD, -0.45; 95% CI, -0.76 to -0.14). Compared with placebo plus LM, TCPM plus LM was superior at reducing diabetes (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.45-0.68) and normalizing blood glucose (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50-0.76). The interventions were also associated with a decline in FBG levels (MD, -0.68; 95% CI, -1.25 to -0.11) and 2h PG levels (MD, -1.07; 95% CI, -1.85 to -0.29). There were no significant differences in adverse events in either group. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses found no significant difference in overall effects among all study characteristics, indicating that the overall effects were stable. Generally, the quality of evidence was low for the effect of TCPM on the incidence of diabetes and normalization of blood glucose, and was very low for the effects of TCPM on FBG, 2h PG, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Based on this systematic review, TCPM may reduce the risk of progression to T2DM and increase the possibility of regression toward normoglycemia. As a result of the methodological drawbacks of the included studies, more rigorously designed RCTs are required to more reliably assess the efficacy of TCPM and long-term follow-up is needed before TCPM can be recommended for prediabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xi-Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - De Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi-Qun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of Chinese herbal medicines on the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients and protection of ARPE-19 retina cells by inhibiting oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63528-63550. [PMID: 28969009 PMCID: PMC5609941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes and the leading cause of acquired blindness. In Taiwan, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a popular adjunctive therapy. In this study, we investigated the CHM prescription patterns and their effects. We identified 23,701 subjects with type 2 diabetes in a database, and after matching for age and gender, 6,948 patients each were assigned to CHM and non-CHM groups. In the female subgroups, the cumulative retinopathy probability was lower for the CHM users than that for the CHM non-users (P < 0.001, log-rank test). Among the top 10 CHMs, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS; 52.9%), Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang (SJHXT; 45.1%), and Ge-Gen-Tang (GGT; 43.7%) were the most common herbal formulas. Yan-Hu-Suo (48.1%), Ge-Gen (42.1%), and Huang-Qin (HQin; 40.1%) were the most common single herbs. CHM network analysis showed that JWXYS was the core CHM of cluster 1. JWXYS, DS, XF, and SZRT exhibited both of the reductions of H2O2-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) in human ARPE-19 retina cells. In cluster 2, SJHXT was the core CHM. SJHXT and NX showed both of the phosphorylation reductions. In cluster 3, GGT was the core CHM, and it reduced the phosphorylation of both MAPKs. In cluster 4, HQin was the core CHM, and it also reduced the phosphorylation of both MAPKs. Our study suggests that adjunctive CHM therapy may reduce diabetic retinopathy via antioxidant activity of the herbs and provides information on core CHM treatments for further scientific investigations or therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Complementary and alternative medicine use by diabetes patients in Kerala, India. GLOBAL HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENOMICS 2017; 2:e6. [PMID: 29868217 PMCID: PMC5870440 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed: (1) the prevalence of exclusive use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), exclusive use of modern medicine and combined use; (2) the factors associated with exclusive CAM use; and (3) the expenditure for CAM use among type-2 diabetes patients in rural Kerala. We surveyed 400 diabetes patients selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Exclusive CAM use was reported by 9%, exclusive modern medicine by 61% and combined use by 30%. Patients without any co-morbidity were four times, those having regular income were three times and those who reported regular exercise were three times more likely to use exclusive CAM compared with their counterparts. Expense for medicines was not significantly different for CAM compared with modern medicine both in government and private sector. Patients with any co-morbidity were less likely to use CAM indicating that CAM use was limited to milder cases of diabetes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gertsch J. Cannabimimetic phytochemicals in the diet - an evolutionary link to food selection and metabolic stress adaptation? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1464-1483. [PMID: 27891602 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a major lipid signalling network that plays important pro-homeostatic (allostatic) roles not only in the nervous system but also in peripheral organs. There is increasing evidence that there is a dietary component in the modulation of the ECS. Cannabinoid receptors in hominids co-evolved with diet, and the ECS constitutes a feedback loop for food selection and energy metabolism. Here, it is postulated that the mismatch of ancient lipid genes of hunter-gatherers and pastoralists with the high-carbohydrate diet introduced by agriculture could be compensated for via dietary modulation of the ECS. In addition to the fatty acid precursors of endocannabinoids, the potential role of dietary cannabimimetic phytochemicals in agriculturist nutrition is discussed. Dietary secondary metabolites from vegetables and spices able to enhance the activity of cannabinoid-type 2 (CB2 ) receptors may provide adaptive metabolic advantages and counteract inflammation. In contrast, chronic CB1 receptor activation in hedonic obese individuals may enhance pathophysiological processes related to hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, hepatorenal inflammation and cardiometabolic risk. Food able to modulate the CB1 /CB2 receptor activation ratio may thus play a role in the nutrition transition of Western high-calorie diets. In this review, the interplay between diet and the ECS is highlighted from an evolutionary perspective. The emerging potential of cannabimimetic food as a nutraceutical strategy is critically discussed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kesavadev J, Saboo B, Sadikot S, Das AK, Joshi S, Chawla R, Thacker H, Shankar A, Ramachandran L, Kalra S. Unproven Therapies for Diabetes and Their Implications. Adv Ther 2017; 34:60-77. [PMID: 27864668 PMCID: PMC5216071 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Being an ancient disease, many individuals follow complementary and alternative medicinal (CAM) therapies for either the cure or prevention of the disease. The popularity of these practices among the general public is in no way a testimony to their safety and efficacy. Due to the possibility of undesirable interactions with conventional medicines, it is imperative that patients are asked about CAM use during patient assessment. Patient- and physician-targeted awareness programs on various aspects of CAM use must be initiated to create a better understanding of evidence-based use of these practices. In addition, there should be guidelines in place based on clinical trial outcomes, and stricter regulations need to be enforced on CAM practices to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Dia Care and Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shaukat Sadikot
- Department of Endocrinology/Diabetology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Das
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Shashank Joshi
- Department of Diabetology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Hemant Thacker
- Department of Endocrinology, Bhatia Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Arun Shankar
- Jothydev's Diabetes Research Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharati Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin YJ, Ho TJ, Yeh YC, Cheng CF, Shiao YT, Wang CB, Chien WK, Chen JH, Liu X, Tsang H, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li JP, Lin CW, Pang HY, Lin JG, Lan YC, Liu YH, Chen SY, Tsai FJ, Liang WM. Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment Improves the Overall Survival Rate of Individuals with Hypertension among Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Modulates In Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145109. [PMID: 26699542 PMCID: PMC4689379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic, multifactorial, and metabolic disorder accounting for 90% diabetes cases worldwide. Among them, almost half of T2D have hypertension, which is responsible for cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality in these patients. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) prescription patterns of hypertension individuals among T2D patients have yet to be characterized. This study, therefore, aimed to determine their prescription patterns and evaluate the CHM effect. A cohort of one million randomly sampled cases from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was used to investigate the overall survival rate of CHM users, and prescription patterns. After matching CHM and non-CHM users for age, gender and date of diagnosis of hypertension, 980 subjects for each group were selected. The CHM users were characterized with slightly longer duration time from diabetes to hypertension, and more cases for hyperlipidaemia. The cumulative survival probabilities were higher in CHM users than in non-CHM users. Among these top 12 herbs, Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Dan-Shen, and Ge-Gen were the most common herbs and inhibited in vitro smooth muscle cell contractility. Our study also provides a CHM comprehensive list that may be useful in future investigation of the safety and efficacy for individuals with hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzone Shiao
- Heart Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Bi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuei Chien
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Pang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lan
- Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (FJT); (WML)
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (FJT); (WML)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grant SJ, Chang DHT, Liu J, Wong V, Kiat H, Bensoussan A. Chinese herbal medicine for impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized placebo controlled trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:104. [PMID: 23672597 PMCID: PMC3659077 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes remains a major health problem worldwide. Low-risk low-cost alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions are needed where lifestyle modifications have failed. We conducted a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of a Chinese herbal formula, Jiangtang Xiaozhi, in treating impaired glucose control and insulin resistance in persons with prediabetes and controlled diabetes. METHODS Seventy-one patients with prediabetes or 'controlled' diabetes were randomised to receive 3 capsules of Jiangtang Xiaozhi (n = 39) or placebo (n = 32) three times daily for 16 weeks with a follow up eight weeks later (week 24). The primary outcome was change in glycaemic control as evidenced by fasting blood glucose (FBG), post-prandial plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Other measures included change in fasting insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), waist girth, blood pressure (BP), health related quality of life (HRQoL) and safety. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to model outcomes at 16 weeks, by treatment group corrected for baseline level of the outcome variable. RESULTS In patients receiving Jiangtang Xiaozhi, FBG was not significantly different (p = 0.73) compared to placebo after 16 weeks of treatment (6.3 ± 1.1 mmol/L vs 6.7 ± 1.3 mmol/L). There was a significant difference (p = 0.04) in the mean levels of fasting insulin between the treatment group (11.6 ± 5.5 mmol/L) and the placebo group (22.1 ± 25.9 mmol/L). Insulin resistance slightly decreased in the treatment group (1.58 ± 0.74) compared to that of the placebo group (2.43 ± 1.59) but this change did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). Patients taking Jiangtang Xiaozhi had a significant improvement in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level compared to the placebo group at week 16 (p = 0.03). Mean levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, waist-girth, HRQoL, BP, CRP and insulin sensitivity were not significantly different between the two groups. The herbal medicine was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, the 16 week Jiangtang Xiaozhi treatment did not lower fasting blood glucose, but it improved serum insulin and HDL cholesterol in a Western population with prediabetes or controlled diabetes. Our trial may have been underpowered. Dosage needs to be considered before commencing a longer adequately powered trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000128897; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=362005.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Grant
- Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Dennis Hsu-Tung Chang
- Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Research Centre, Xiyuan Hospital, No 1 Xiyuan Cao Chang, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Vincent Wong
- Department of Endocrinology, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Area Health Service, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- The Australian School of Advanced Medicine, 2 Technology Place, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Che CT, Wang ZJ, Chow MSS, Lam CWK. Herb-herb combination for therapeutic enhancement and advancement: theory, practice and future perspectives. Molecules 2013. [PMID: 23644978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055125.pmid:23644978;pmcid:pmc6269890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Herb-herb combinations have been used in Chinese medicine practice for thousands of years, yet scientific evidence of their therapeutic benefits is lacking. With increasing interest in shifting from the one-drug-one-target paradigm to combination therapy or polypharmacy to achieve therapeutic benefits for a number of diseases, there is momentum to explore new knowledge by tapping the past empirical experiences of herb-herb combinations. This review presents an overview of the traditional concept and practice of herb-herb combination in Chinese medicine, and highlights the available scientific and clinical evidence to support the combined use of herbs. It is hoped that such information would provide a lead for developing new approaches for future therapeutic advancement and pharmaceutical product development. Very likely modern technologies combined with innovative research for the quality control of herbal products, identification of active components and understanding of the molecular mechanism, followed by well-designed animal and clinical studies would pave the way in advancing the wealth of empirical knowledge from herb-herb combination to new therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Che CT, Wang ZJ, Chow MSS, Lam CWK. Herb-herb combination for therapeutic enhancement and advancement: theory, practice and future perspectives. Molecules 2013; 18:5125-41. [PMID: 23644978 PMCID: PMC6269890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herb-herb combinations have been used in Chinese medicine practice for thousands of years, yet scientific evidence of their therapeutic benefits is lacking. With increasing interest in shifting from the one-drug-one-target paradigm to combination therapy or polypharmacy to achieve therapeutic benefits for a number of diseases, there is momentum to explore new knowledge by tapping the past empirical experiences of herb-herb combinations. This review presents an overview of the traditional concept and practice of herb-herb combination in Chinese medicine, and highlights the available scientific and clinical evidence to support the combined use of herbs. It is hoped that such information would provide a lead for developing new approaches for future therapeutic advancement and pharmaceutical product development. Very likely modern technologies combined with innovative research for the quality control of herbal products, identification of active components and understanding of the molecular mechanism, followed by well-designed animal and clinical studies would pave the way in advancing the wealth of empirical knowledge from herb-herb combination to new therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cho YY, Baek NI, Chung HG, Jeong TS, Lee KT, Jeon SM, Kim HJ, McGregor RA, Choi MS. Randomized controlled trial of Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps Pampanini) to treat pre-diabetes. Eur J Integr Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Hu J, Zhang J, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Shang H. Cochrane systematic reviews of Chinese herbal medicines: an overview. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28696. [PMID: 22174870 PMCID: PMC3235143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES our study had two objectives: a) to systematically identify all existing systematic reviews of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) published in Cochrane Library; b) to assess the methodological quality of included reviews. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We performed a systematic search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR, Issue 5, 2010) to identify all reviews of CHM. A total of fifty-eight reviews were eligible for our study. Twenty-one of the included reviews had at least one Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioner as its co-author. 7 reviews didn't include any primary study, the remaining reviews (n = 51) included a median of 9 studies and 936 participants. 50% of reviews were last assessed as up-to-date prior to 2008. The questions addressed by 39 reviews were broad in scope, in which 9 reviews combined studies with different herbal medicines. For OQAQ, the mean of overall quality score (item 10) was 5.05 (95% CI; 4.58-5.52). All reviews assessed the methodological quality of primary studies, 16% of included primary studies used adequate sequence generation and 7% used adequate allocation concealment. Of the 51 nonempty reviews, 23 reviews were reported as being inconclusive, while 27 concluded that there might be benefit of CHM, which was limited by the poor quality or inadequate quantity of included studies. 58 reviews reported searching a median of seven electronic databases, while 10 reviews did not search any Chinese database. CONCLUSIONS Now CDSR has included large numbers of CHM reviews, our study identified some areas which could be improved, such as almost half of included reviews did not have the participation of TCM practitioners and were not up-to-date according to Cochrane criteria, some reviews pooled the results of different herbal medicines and ignored the searching of Chinese databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongling Zhang
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Raja-Khan N, Stener-Victorin E, Wu X, Legro RS. The physiological basis of complementary and alternative medicines for polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E1-E10. [PMID: 21487075 PMCID: PMC4459923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00667.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperandrogenic anovulation leading to symptoms of hirsutism, acne, irregular menses, and infertility. Multiple metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with PCOS, including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, inflammation, and subclinical atherosclerosis. However, current treatments for PCOS are only moderately effective at controlling symptoms and preventing complications. This article describes how the physiological effects of major complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments could reduce the severity of PCOS and its complications. Acupuncture reduces hyperandrogenism and improves menstrual frequency in PCOS. Acupuncture's clinical effects are mediated via activation of somatic afferent nerves innervating the skin and muscle, which, via modulation of the activity in the somatic and autonomic nervous system, may modulate endocrine and metabolic functions in PCOS. Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements may also exert beneficial physiological effects in PCOS, but there is minimal evidence that these CAM treatments are safe and effective. Mindfulness has not been investigated in PCOS, but it has been shown to reduce psychological distress and exert positive effects on the central and autonomic nervous systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and immune system, leading to reductions in blood pressure, glucose, and inflammation. In conclusion, CAM treatments may have beneficial endocrine, cardiometabolic, and reproductive effects in PCOS. However, most studies of CAM treatments for PCOS are small, nonrandomized, or uncontrolled. Future well-designed studies are needed to further evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and mechanisms of CAM treatments for PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Raja-Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, MS Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Souto SB, Souto EB, Braga DC, Medina JL. Prevention and current onset delay approaches of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67:653-61. [PMID: 21468743 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is currently reaching epidemic proportions, has been a major focus of healthcare systems and policy makers worldwide. Pharmacological treatment and lifestyle interventions together with the control of cardiovascular risk factors are the main strategies to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM. The present review discusses the state of the art knowledge of effective therapeutic approaches (metformin, thiazolidinediones, nateglinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin-based and angiotensin-based therapies, weight reducers, statins, fibric acid derivatives), including surgery, and identifies the major lifestyle changes for specific target groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park S, Park JS, Go H, Jang BH, Shin Y, Ko SG. The efficacy and safety study of dietary supplement PURIAM110 on non-insulin taking Korean adults in the stage of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and multicenter trial-pilot study. Trials 2011; 12:38. [PMID: 21310088 PMCID: PMC3048555 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has already become a threat to the nation and the individual due to its high prevalence rates and high medical expenses. Therefore, preventing diabetes at an earlier stage is very important. Despite advances in antidiabetic agents, we have not yet achieved any satisfying results in treating diabetes. Among various treatments, medicinal herbs and supplements for diabetes are reported to show generally good efficacy and safety data. In particular, PURIAM110, a compound from orange fruits and mulberry leaves, is supposed to prevent the progress of type II diabetes mellitus and improve diabetic symptoms. This is the first reported pilot study about the protective effect of the orange fruits and mulberry leaves mixture against pre-diabetes on Korean adults. Based on these positive results of herb-derived components, extended studies of dietary supplements have to be done to suggest confirmative evidences. Methods/Design The efficacy and safety study of PURIAM110 is a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, and multi-center clinical trial. A total of 45 subjects will participate in this study for 6 weeks. Discussion The present protocol will confirm the efficacy and safety of PURIAM110 for pre-diabetes, suggesting more basic knowledge to conduct further randomized controlled trials (RCT). In addition, PURIAM110 can be an alternative dietary supplemental remedy for diabetes patients. Trial Registration ISRCTN: ISRCTN44779824
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunju Park
- Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Psaltopoulou T, Ilias I, Alevizaki M. The role of diet and lifestyle in primary, secondary, and tertiary diabetes prevention: a review of meta-analyses. Rev Diabet Stud 2010; 7:26-35. [PMID: 20703436 PMCID: PMC2923378 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2010.7.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of diabetes is crucial to lowering disease incidence, and thus minimizing the individual, familial, and public health burden. The purpose of this review is to gather current information from meta-analyses on dietary and lifestyle practices concerning reduction of risk to develop type 2 diabetes. Low glycemic index dietary patterns reduce both fasting blood glucose and glycated proteins independent of carbohydrate consumption. Diets rich in whole-grain, cereal high fiber products, and non-oil-seed pulses are beneficial. Whereas, frequent meat consumption has been shown to increase risk. Regarding non-alcoholic beverages, 4 cups/day of filtered coffee or tea are associated with a reduced diabetes risk. In contrast, the consumption of alcoholic beverages should not exceed 1-3 drinks/day. Intake of vitamin E, carotenoids, and magnesium can be increased to counteract diabetes risk. Obesity is the most important factor accounting for more than half of new diabetes' cases; even modest weight loss has a favorable effect in preventing the appearance of diabetes. Also, physical exercise with or without diet contributes to a healthier lifestyle, and is important for lowering risk. Finally, there is a positive association between smoking and risk to develop type 2 diabetes. As far as secondary and tertiary prevention is concerned, for persons already diagnosed with diabetes, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of diet or lifestyle modification on glycemic control, but further studies are necessary.
Collapse
|
23
|
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews - issue 4 2009. J Evid Based Med 2009; 2:277-8. [PMID: 21349027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-5391.2009.01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|