1
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Bruggeman C, Gregurash K, Hickey DP. Impact of sodium pyruvate on the electrochemical reduction of NAD + biomimetics. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:87-100. [PMID: 37496434 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetics of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (mNADH) are promising cost-effective alternatives to their natural counterpart for biosynthetic applications; however, attempts to recycle mNADH often rely on coenzymes or precious metal catalysts. Direct electrolysis is an attractive approach for recycling mNADH, but electrochemical reduction of the oxidized mimetic (mNAD+) primarily results in the formation of an enzymatically inactive dimer. Herein, we find that aqueous electrochemical reduction of an NAD+ mimetic, 1-n-butyl-3-carbamoylpyridinium bromide (1+), to its enzymatically active form, 1,4-dihydro-1-n-butyl nicotinamide (1H), is favored in the presence of sodium pyruvate as a supporting electrolyte. Maximum formation of 1H is achieved in the presence of a large excess of pyruvate in combination with a large excess of a co-supporting electrolyte. Formation of 1H is found to be favored at pH 7, with an optimized product ratio of ∼50/50 dimer/1H observed by cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, sodium pyruvate is shown to promote electroreductive generation of the 1,4-dihydro form of several additional mNADH as well as NADH itself. This method provides a general strategy for regenerating 1,4-dihydro-nicotinamide mimetics of NADH from their oxidized forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Bruggeman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA.
| | - Karissa Gregurash
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA.
| | - David P Hickey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA.
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2
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Sharma VK, Hutchison JM, Allgeier AM. Redox Biocatalysis: Quantitative Comparisons of Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration Methods. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200888. [PMID: 36129761 PMCID: PMC10029092 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic processes, particularly those capable of performing redox reactions, have recently been of growing research interest. Substrate specificity, optimal activity at mild temperatures, high selectivity, and yield are among the desirable characteristics of these oxidoreductase catalyzed reactions. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) or NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases have been extensively studied for their potential applications like biosynthesis of chiral organic compounds, construction of biosensors, and pollutant degradation. One of the main challenges associated with making these processes commercially viable is the regeneration of the expensive cofactors required by the enzymes. Numerous efforts have pursued enzymatic regeneration of NAD(P)H by coupling a substrate reduction with a complementary enzyme catalyzed oxidation of a co-substrate. While offering excellent selectivity and high total turnover numbers, such processes involve complicated downstream product separation of a primary product from the coproducts and impurities. Alternative methods comprising chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical regeneration have been developed with the goal of enhanced efficiency and operational simplicity compared to enzymatic regeneration. Despite the goal, however, the literature rarely offers a meaningful comparison of the total turnover numbers for various regeneration methodologies. This comprehensive Review systematically discusses various methods of NAD(P)H cofactor regeneration and quantitatively compares performance across the numerous methods. Further, fundamental barriers to enhanced cofactor regeneration in the various methods are identified, and future opportunities are highlighted for improving the efficiency and sustainability of commercially viable oxidoreductase processes for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Sharma
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Justin M Hutchison
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Alan M Allgeier
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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3
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Fard PT, Albert SK, Ko J, Lee S, Park SJ, Kim J. Spatial Organization of Photocatalysts and Enzymes on Janus-Type DNA Nanosheets for Efficient CO 2 Conversion. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Tavakoli Fard
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Shine K. Albert
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jein Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Sohyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jinheung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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4
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Fard PT, Kim K, Lee S, Kim J. Ligand effects in rhodium complexes for chemical
NADH
regeneration. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
| | - Sohyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
| | - Jinheung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
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5
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biocatalytic Reduction Reactions from a Chemist's Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5644-5665. [PMID: 32330347 PMCID: PMC7983917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reductions play a key role in organic synthesis, producing chiral products with new functionalities. Enzymes can catalyse such reactions with exquisite stereo-, regio- and chemoselectivity, leading the way to alternative shorter classical synthetic routes towards not only high-added-value compounds but also bulk chemicals. In this review we describe the synthetic state-of-the-art and potential of enzymes that catalyse reductions, ranging from carbonyl, enone and aromatic reductions to reductive aminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
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6
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Batrice RJ, Gordon JC. Powering the next industrial revolution: transitioning from nonrenewable energy to solar fuels via CO 2 reduction. RSC Adv 2020; 11:87-113. [PMID: 35423038 PMCID: PMC8691073 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar energy has been used for decades for the direct production of electricity in various industries and devices; however, harnessing and storing this energy in the form of chemical bonds has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuel combustion. The common feedstocks for producing such solar fuels are carbon dioxide and water, yet only the photoconversion of carbon dioxide presents the opportunity to generate liquid fuels capable of integrating into our existing infrastructure, while simultaneously removing atmospheric greenhouse gas pollution. This review presents recent advances in photochemical solar fuel production technology. Although efforts in this field have created an incredible number of methods to convert carbon dioxide into gaseous and liquid fuels, these can generally be classified under one of four categories based on how incident sunlight is utilised: solar concentration for thermoconversion (Category 1), transformation toward electroconversion (Category 2), natural photosynthesis for bioconversion (Category 3), and artificial photosynthesis for direct photoconversion (Category 4). Select examples of developments within each of these categories is presented, showing the state-of-the-art in the use of carbon dioxide as a suitable feedstock for solar fuel production. Solar energy has been used for decades for the direct production of electricity in various industries and devices. However, harnessing and storing this energy in the form of chemical bonds has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami J Batrice
- Chemistry Division, Inorganic, Isotope, and Actinide Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - John C Gordon
- Chemistry Division, Inorganic, Isotope, and Actinide Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
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7
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biokatalytische Reduktionen aus der Sicht eines Chemikers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
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8
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Zhang B, Xu S, He D, Chen R, He Y, Fa W, Li G, Wang D. Photoelectrochemical NADH regeneration is highly sensitive to the nature of electrode surface. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064703. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0016459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Shaochen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Da He
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Yumin He
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Wenjun Fa
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Gonghu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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9
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Kwok CL, Cheng SC, Ho PY, Yiu SM, Man WL, Au VKM, Tsang PK, Leung CF, Ko CC, Robert M. Precious-metal free photocatalytic production of an NADH analogue using cobalt diimine-dioxime catalysts under both aqueous and organic conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7491-7494. [PMID: 32497158 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic generation of an NADH synthetic analogue, i.e. 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (1,4-BNAH), has been studied using the cobalt diimino-dioxime complexes and the BF2-bridged derivative as catalysts. 1,4-BNAH was produced in both aqueous and organic media at unprecedented turnover numbers with metal and organic photosensitizers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Leung Kwok
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Dong F, Chen H, Malapit CA, Prater MB, Li M, Yuan M, Lim K, Minteer SD. Biphasic Bioelectrocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral β-Hydroxy Nitriles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8374-8382. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christian A. Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B. Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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11
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Chen Y, Li P, Zhou J, Buru CT, Đorđević L, Li P, Zhang X, Cetin MM, Stoddart JF, Stupp SI, Wasielewski MR, Farha OK. Integration of Enzymes and Photosensitizers in a Hierarchical Mesoporous Metal–Organic Framework for Light-Driven CO2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1768-1773. [PMID: 31927881 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Cassandra T. Buru
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Penghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - M. Mustafa Cetin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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12
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Pongpamorn P, Watthaisong P, Pimviriyakul P, Jaruwat A, Lawan N, Chitnumsub P, Chaiyen P. Identification of a Hotspot Residue for Improving the Thermostability of a Flavin‐Dependent Monooxygenase. Chembiochem 2019; 20:3020-3031. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- School of Biomolecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Engineering and Industrial TechnologySilpakorn University 6 Rajamankha Nai Road Nakornpathom 73000 Thailand
| | - Aritsara Jaruwat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 113 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Road Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Narin Lawan
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 113 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Road Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
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13
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Schmitz LM, Rosenthal K, Lütz S. Enzyme-Based Electrobiotechnological Synthesis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 167:87-134. [PMID: 29134460 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidoreductases are enzymes with a high potential for organic synthesis, as their selectivity often exceeds comparable chemical syntheses. The biochemical cofactors of these enzymes need regeneration during synthesis. Several regeneration methods are available but the electrochemical approach offers an efficient and quasi mass-free method for providing the required redox equivalents. Electron transfer systems involving direct regeneration of natural and artificial cofactors, indirect electrochemical regeneration via a mediator, and indirect electroenzymatic cofactor regeneration via enzyme and mediator have been investigated. This chapter gives an overview of electroenzymatic syntheses with oxidoreductases, structured by the enzyme subclass and their usage of cofactors for electron relay. Particular attention is given to the productivity of electroenzymatic biotransformation processes. Because most electroenzymatic syntheses suffer from low productivity, we discuss reaction engineering concepts to overcome the main limiting factors, with a focus on media conductivity optimization, approaches to prevent enzyme inactivation, and the application of advanced cell designs. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Schmitz
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Lütz
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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14
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Tavakoli G, Armstrong JE, Naapuri JM, Deska J, Prechtl MHG. Chemoenzymatic Hydrogen Production from Methanol through the Interplay of Metal Complexes and Biocatalysts. Chemistry 2019; 25:6474-6481. [PMID: 30648769 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial methylotrophic organisms can serve as great inspiration in the development of biomimetic strategies for the dehydrogenative conversion of C1 molecules under ambient conditions. In this Concept article, a concise personal perspective on the recent advancements in the field of biomimetic catalytic models for methanol and formaldehyde conversion, in the presence and absence of enzymes and co-factors, towards the formation of hydrogen under ambient conditions is given. In particular, formaldehyde dehydrogenase mimics have been introduced in stand-alone C1 -interconversion networks. Recently, coupled systems with alcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes have been also developed for in situ formation and decomposition of formaldehyde and/or reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/ NAD+ ). Although C1 molecules are already used in many industries for hydrogen production, these conceptual bioinspired low-temperature energy conversion processes may lead one day to more efficient energy storage systems enabling renewable and sustainable hydrogen generation for hydrogen fuel cells under ambient conditions using C1 molecules as fuels for mobile and miniaturized energy storage solutions in which harsh conditions like those in industrial plants are not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Jessica E Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Köln, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511-8499, USA
| | - Janne M Naapuri
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jan Deska
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Martin H G Prechtl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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15
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Baumgarth H, Meier G, von Hahmann CN, Braun T. Reactivity of rhodium and iridium peroxido complexes towards hydrogen in the presence of B(C 6F 5) 3 or [H(OEt 2) 2][B{3,5-(CF 3) 2C 6H 3} 4]. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16299-16304. [PMID: 30403233 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03853h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peroxido complexes trans-[M(4-C5F4N)(O2)(CNtBu)(PR3)2] (1: M = Rh, R = Et; 2a: M = Ir, R = iPr) can be used in the metal-mediated hydrogenation of O2. The reaction of trans-[Rh(4-C5F4N)(O2)(CNtBu)(PEt3)2] (1) with B(C6F5)3 and H2 gave trans-[Rh(4-C5F4N)(CNtBu)(PEt3)2] (3), OPEt3 and (H2O)·B(C6F5)3, whereas treatment of [H(OEt2)2][B{3,5-(CF3)2C6H3}4] with 1 in the presence of H2 yielded trans-[Rh(4-C5F4N)(CNtBu)(PEt3)2] (3) and H2O2. The reactivity of 2a towards B(C6F5)3 and BClCy2 was also studied and an intermediate was detected which is assigned to be trans-[Ir(4-C5F4N)(Cl)(OOBCy2)(CNtBu)(PiPr3)2] (4a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Baumgarth
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Lee YW, Boonmongkolras P, Son EJ, Kim J, Lee SH, Kuk SK, Ko JW, Shin B, Park CB. Unbiased biocatalytic solar-to-chemical conversion by FeOOH/BiVO 4/perovskite tandem structure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4208. [PMID: 30310064 PMCID: PMC6181951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox enzymes catalyze fascinating chemical reactions with excellent regio- and stereo-specificity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor is essential in numerous redox biocatalytic reactions and needs to be regenerated because it is consumed as an equivalent during the enzymatic turnover. Here we report on unbiased photoelectrochemical tandem assembly of a photoanode (FeOOH/BiVO4) and a perovskite photovoltaic to provide sufficient potential for cofactor-dependent biocatalytic reactions. We obtain a high faradaic efficiency of 96.2% and an initial conversion rate of 2.4 mM h-1 without an external applied bias for the photoelectrochemical enzymatic conversion of α-ketoglutarate to L-glutamate via L-glutamate dehydrogenase. In addition, we achieve a total turnover number and a turnover frequency of the enzyme of 108,800 and 6200 h-1, respectively, demonstrating that the tandem configuration facilitates redox biocatalysis using light as the only energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Passarut Boonmongkolras
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Keun Kuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungha Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Morrison C, Heitmann E, Armiger W, Dodds D, Koffas M. Electrochemical Bioreactor Technology for Biocatalysis and Microbial Electrosynthesis. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 105:51-86. [PMID: 30342723 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Two seemingly distinct fields, industrial biocatalysis and microbial electrosynthesis, can be viewed together through the lens of electrochemical bioreactor technology in order to highlight the challenges that exist in creating a versatile platform technology for use in chemical and biological applications. Industrial biocatalysis applications requiring NAD(P)H to perform redox transformations often necessitate convoluted coupled-enzyme regeneration systems to regenerate reduced cofactor, NAD(P)H from oxidized cofactor, NAD(P). Renewed interest in continuously recycling the cofactor via electrochemical reduction is motivated by the low cost of performing electrochemical reactions, easy monitoring of the reaction progress, and straightforward product recovery. However, electrochemical cofactor regeneration methods invariably produce adventitious reduced cofactor side products which result in unproductive loss of input NAD(P). Microbial electrosynthesis is a form of microbially driven catalysis in which electricity is supplied to living microorganisms for the production of industrially relevant chemical products at higher carbon efficiencies and yields compared with traditional, nonelectrically driven, fermentations. The fundamental biochemistry of these organisms as related to selected biochemical redox processes will be explored in order to highlight opportunities to devise strategies for taking advantage of these biochemical processes in engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Morrison
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Heitmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | | | - David Dodds
- BioChemInsights, Inc., Malvern, PA, United States
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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18
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Bugada LF, Smith MR, Wen F. Engineering Spatially Organized Multienzyme Assemblies for Complex Chemical Transformation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke F. Bugada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mason R. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Lee SH, Choi DS, Kuk SK, Park CB. Photobiokatalyse: Aktivierung von Redoxenzymen durch direkten oder indirekten Transfer photoinduzierter Elektronen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republik Korea
| | - Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republik Korea
| | - Su Keun Kuk
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republik Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republik Korea
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20
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Deazaflavins as photocatalysts for the direct reductive regeneration of flavoenzymes. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Lee SH, Choi DS, Kuk SK, Park CB. Photobiocatalysis: Activating Redox Enzymes by Direct or Indirect Transfer of Photoinduced Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7958-7985. [PMID: 29194901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic transformation has received increasing attention in the green synthesis of chemicals because of the diversity of enzymes, their high catalytic activities and specificities, and mild reaction conditions. The idea of solar energy utilization in chemical synthesis through the combination of photocatalysis and biocatalysis provides an opportunity to make the "green" process greener. Oxidoreductases catalyze redox transformation of substrates by exchanging electrons at the enzyme's active site, often with the aid of electron mediator(s) as a counterpart. Recent progress indicates that photoinduced electron transfer using organic (or inorganic) photosensitizers can activate a wide spectrum of redox enzymes to catalyze fuel-forming reactions (e.g., H2 evolution, CO2 reduction) and synthetically useful reductions (e.g., asymmetric reduction, oxygenation, hydroxylation, epoxidation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation). This Review provides an overview of recent advances in light-driven activation of redox enzymes through direct or indirect transfer of photoinduced electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Keun Kuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Bahrami A, Garnier A, Larachi F, Iliuta MC. Covalent immobilization of cytochrome P450 BM3 (R966D/W1046S) on glutaraldehyde activated SPIONs. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Bahrami
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Alain Garnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Faïçal Larachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Maria C. Iliuta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
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23
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Mengele AK, Seibold GM, Eikmanns BJ, Rau S. Coupling Molecular Photocatalysis to Enzymatic Conversion. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Gerd M. Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Bernhard J. Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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24
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Improved strategies for electrochemical 1,4-NAD(P)H 2 regeneration: A new era of bioreactors for industrial biocatalysis. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:120-131. [PMID: 29030132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Industrial enzymatic reactions requiring 1,4-NAD(P)H2 to perform redox transformations often require convoluted coupled enzyme regeneration systems to regenerate 1,4-NAD(P)H2 from NAD(P) and recycle the cofactor for as many turnovers as possible. Renewed interest in recycling the cofactor via electrochemical means is motivated by the low cost of performing electrochemical reactions, easy monitoring of the reaction progress, and straightforward product recovery. However, electrochemical cofactor regeneration methods invariably produce adventitious reduced cofactor side products which result in unproductive loss of input NAD(P). We review various literature strategies for mitigating adventitious product formation by electrochemical cofactor regeneration systems, and offer insight as to how a successful electrochemical bioreactor system could be constructed to engineer efficient 1,4-NAD(P)H2-dependent enzyme reactions of interest to the industrial biocatalysis community.
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25
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Kim J, Rajkumar E, Kim S, Park YM, Kim Y, Kim SJ, Lee HJ. New cyclopentadienyl rhodium catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Product Selectivity in Homogeneous Artificial Photosynthesis Using [(bpy)Rh(Cp*)X]n+-Based Catalysts. INORGANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics5020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited amount of fossil energy carriers, the storage of solar energy in chemical bonds using artificial photosynthesis has been under intensive investigation within the last decades. As the understanding of the underlying working principle of these complex systems continuously grows, more focus will be placed on a catalyst design for highly selective product formation. Recent reports have shown that multifunctional photocatalysts can operate with high chemoselectivity, forming different catalysis products under appropriate reaction conditions. Within this context [(bpy)Rh(Cp*)X]n+-based catalysts are highly relevant examples for a detailed understanding of product selectivity in artificial photosynthesis since the identification of a number of possible reaction intermediates has already been achieved.
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27
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Chemical applications of Class B flavoprotein monooxygenases. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Tosstorff A, Kroner C, Opperman DJ, Hollmann F, Holtmann D. Towards electroenzymatic processes involving old yellow enzymes and mediated cofactor regeneration. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:71-76. [PMID: 32624730 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Old yellow enzymes are able to catalyze asymmetric C=C reductions. A mediated electroenzymatic process to regenerate the NADPH in combination with an old yellow enzyme was investigated. Due to the fact that the overall process was affected by a broad set of parameters, a design of experiments (DoE) approach was chosen to identify suitable process conditions. Process conditions with high productivities of up to 2.27 mM/h in combination with approximately 90% electron transfer efficiency were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cora Kroner
- DECHEMA Research Institute Frankfurt Germany
| | - Diederik J Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology TU Delft Julianalaan BL Delft The Netherlands
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29
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Holtmann D, Hollmann F. The Oxygen Dilemma: A Severe Challenge for the Application of Monooxygenases? Chembiochem 2016; 17:1391-8. [PMID: 27194219 PMCID: PMC5096067 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monooxygenases are promising catalysts because they in principle enable the organic chemist to perform highly selective oxyfunctionalisation reactions that are otherwise difficult to achieve. For this, monooxygenases require reducing equivalents, to allow reductive activation of molecular oxygen at the enzymes' active sites. However, these reducing equivalents are often delivered to O2 either directly or via a reduced intermediate (uncoupling), yielding hazardous reactive oxygen species and wasting valuable reducing equivalents. The oxygen dilemma arises from monooxygenases' dependency on O2 and the undesired uncoupling reaction. With this contribution we hope to generate a general awareness of the oxygen dilemma and to discuss its nature and some promising solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Holtmann
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL, Delft, The Netherlands.
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30
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Kim SH, Chung GY, Kim SH, Vinothkumar G, Yoon SH, Jung KD. Electrochemical NADH regeneration and electroenzymatic CO2 reduction on Cu nanorods/glassy carbon electrode prepared by cyclic deposition. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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32
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Koizumi TA, Ohkura Y, Tsuda E. Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical behavior of a new dinuclear Rh(III) complex bridged by a bpp− ligand (bpp−= 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazolate). INORG CHEM COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Lee JH, Nam DH, Lee SH, Park JH, Park CB, Jeong KJ. Solar-to-chemical conversion platform by Robust Cytochrome P450-P(3HB) complex. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Ströhle FW, Kranen E, Schrader J, Maas R, Holtmann D. A simplified process design for P450 driven hydroxylation based on surface displayed enzymes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:1225-33. [PMID: 26574191 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New production routes for fine and bulk chemicals are important to establish further sustainable processes in industry. Besides the identification of new biocatalysts and new production routes the optimization of existing processes in regard to an improved utilization of the catalysts are needed. In this paper we describe the successful expression of P450BM3 on the surface of E. coli cells with the Autodisplay system. The successful hydroxylation of palmitic acid by using surface-displayed P450BM3 was shown. Besides optimization of surface protein expression, several cofactor regeneration systems were compared and evaluated. Afterwards, the development of a suitable process for the biocatalytic hydroxylation of fatty acids based on the re-use of the catalysts after a simple centrifugation was investigated. It was shown that the catalyst can be used for several times without any loss in activity. By using surface-displayed P450s in combination with an enzymatic cofactor regeneration system a total turnover number of up to 54,700 could be reached, to the knowledge of the authors the highest value reported for a P450 monooxygenase to date. Further optimizations of the described reaction system can have an enormous impact on the process design for more sustainable bioprocesses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1225-1233. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Ströhle
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Biochemical Engineering, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, 60486, Germany
| | - Eva Kranen
- Autodisplay Biotech GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Schrader
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Biochemical Engineering, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, 60486, Germany
| | - Ruth Maas
- Autodisplay Biotech GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Biochemical Engineering, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, 60486, Germany.
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35
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Kanteev M, Bregman-Cohen A, Deri B, Shahar A, Adir N, Fishman A. A crystal structure of 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase with bound substrate provides insights into the enzymatic mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1906-1913. [PMID: 26275805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase (HbpA) is an FAD dependent monooxygenase which catalyzes the ortho-hydroxylation of a broad range of 2-substituted phenols in the presence of NADH and molecular oxygen. We have determined the structure of HbpA from the soil bacterium Pseudomonas azelaica HBP1 with bound 2-hydroxybiphenyl, as well as several variants, at a resolution of 2.3-2.5Å to investigate structure function correlations of the enzyme. An observed hydrogen bond between 2-hydroxybiphenyl and His48 in the active site confirmed the previously suggested role of this residue in substrate deprotonation. The entrance to the active site was confirmed by generating variant G255F which exhibited only 7% of the wild-type's specific activity of product formation, suggesting inhibition of substrate entrance into the active site by the large aromatic residue. Residue Arg242 is suggested to facilitate FAD movement and reduction as was previously reported in studies on the homologous protein para-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. In addition, it is suggested that Trp225, which is located in the active site, facilitates proper substrate entrance into the binding pocket in contrast to aklavinone-11-hydroxylase and para-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase in which a residue at a similar position is responsible for substrate deprotonation. Structure function correlations described in this work will aid in the design of variants with improved activity and altered selectivity for potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kanteev
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Almog Bregman-Cohen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Batel Deri
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Shahar
- Macromolecular Crystallography Research Center (MCRC), Department of Life Sciences & NIBN, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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36
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Ghosh T, Slanina T, König B. Visible light photocatalytic reduction of aldehydes by Rh(iii)-H: a detailed mechanistic study. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2027-2034. [PMID: 29142671 PMCID: PMC5654342 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow visible light mediated generation of a rhodium hydride allows the chemoselective reduction of aldehydes in the presence of ketones. Electron transfer from the chromophore to the metal complex proceeds via a radical anion intermediate or a solvated electron as two competing reaction pathways.
The chemoselective photoreduction of aldehydes in the presence of ketones was achieved using triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial electron donor, proflavine (PF) as photocatalyst and [Cp*Rh(iii)(bpy)Cl]Cl (Rhcat) as mediator. The reducing agent, which reacts with the carbonyl group was found to be [Cp*Rh(iii)(bpy)H]Cl (Rh(iii)–H). Contrary to formate-based reduction, its slow photochemical in situ generation enables to kinetically distinguish aldehydes from ketones. The inherent reactivity difference of the carbonyl compounds is transferred by the method into synthetically useful reaction selectivities. The substrate scope is broad with excellent yields. A detailed study of the reaction mechanism reveals that the photoreduction of the PF triplet and the subsequent reduction of the Rhcat leading to Rh(iii)–H represents the major reaction pathway, which is highly oxygen sensitive. The oxidative quenching of the PF singlet state by Rhcat is a competing mechanism, which prevails in non-degassed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ghosh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg , Germany .
| | - T Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg , Germany . .,Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , 62500 Brno , Czech Republic.,Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , 62500 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - B König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg , Germany .
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McSkimming A, Chan B, Bhadbhade MM, Ball GE, Colbran SB. Bio-Inspired Transition Metal-Organic Hydride Conjugates for Catalysis of Transfer Hydrogenation: Experiment and Theory. Chemistry 2014; 21:2821-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Yadav RK, Oh GH, Park NJ, Kumar A, Kong KJ, Baeg JO. Highly Selective Solar-Driven Methanol from CO2 by a Photocatalyst/Biocatalyst Integrated System. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16728-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja509650r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K. Yadav
- Division of Green Chemistry
and Engineering Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305 600, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Oh
- Division of Green Chemistry
and Engineering Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305 600, Republic of Korea
| | - No-Joong Park
- Division of Green Chemistry
and Engineering Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305 600, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Green Chemistry
and Engineering Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305 600, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-jeong Kong
- Division of Green Chemistry
and Engineering Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305 600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ook Baeg
- Division of Green Chemistry
and Engineering Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305 600, Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Ryu GM, Nam DH, Kim JH, Park CB. Silicon nanowire photocathodes for light-driven electroenzymatic synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:3007-3011. [PMID: 25204888 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectroenzymatic synthesis of chemical compounds employing platinum nanoparticle-decorated silicon nanowires (Pt-SiNWs) is presented. The Pt-SiNWs proved to be an efficient material for photoelectrochemical cofactor regeneration because the silicon nanowires absorbs a wide range of the solar spectrum while the platinum nanoparticle serve as an excellent catalyst for electron and proton transfer. By integrating the platform with redox enzymatic reaction, visible-light-driven electroenzymatic synthesis of L-glutamate was achieved. Compared to electrochemical and photochemical methods, this approach is free from side reactions caused by sacrificial electron donors and has the advantage of applying low potential to realize energy-efficient and sustainable synthesis of chemicals by a photoelectroenzymatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 (South Korea)
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40
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Köhler V, Turner NJ. Artificial concurrent catalytic processes involving enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:450-64. [PMID: 25350691 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07277d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The concurrent operation of multiple catalysts can lead to enhanced reaction features including (i) simultaneous linear multi-step transformations in a single reaction flask (ii) the control of intermediate equilibria (iii) stereoconvergent transformations (iv) rapid processing of labile reaction products. Enzymes occupy a prominent position for the development of such processes, due to their high potential compatibility with other biocatalysts. Genes for different enzymes can be co-expressed to reconstruct natural or construct artificial pathways and applied in the form of engineered whole cell biocatalysts to carry out complex transformations or, alternatively, the enzymes can be combined in vitro after isolation. Moreover, enzyme variants provide a wider substrate scope for a given reaction and often display altered selectivities and specificities. Man-made transition metal catalysts and engineered or artificial metalloenzymes also widen the range of reactivities and catalysed reactions that are potentially employable. Cascades for simultaneous cofactor or co-substrate regeneration or co-product removal are now firmly established. Many applications of more ambitious concurrent cascade catalysis are only just beginning to appear in the literature. The current review presents some of the most recent examples, with an emphasis on the combination of transition metal with enzymatic catalysis and aims to encourage researchers to contribute to this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalststrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Tosstorff A, Dennig A, Ruff AJ, Schwaneberg U, Sieber V, Mangold KM, Schrader J, Holtmann D. Mediated electron transfer with monooxygenases—Insight in interactions between reduced mediators and the co-substrate oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Expression of the NAD-dependent FDH1 β-subunit from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 in Escherichia coli and its characterization. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Development of a high performance electrochemical cofactor regeneration module and its application to the continuous reduction of FAD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Paul CE, Arends IWCE, Hollmann F. Is Simpler Better? Synthetic Nicotinamide Cofactor Analogues for Redox Chemistry. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs4011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel W. C. E. Arends
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Schrewe M, Julsing MK, Bühler B, Schmid A. Whole-cell biocatalysis for selective and productive C-O functional group introduction and modification. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:6346-77. [PMID: 23475180 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60011d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, biocatalysis became of increasing importance for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Regarding regio- and stereospecificity, enzymes have shown to be superior compared to traditional chemical synthesis approaches, especially in C-O functional group chemistry. Catalysts established on a process level are diverse and can be classified along a functional continuum starting with single-step biotransformations using isolated enzymes or microbial strains towards fermentative processes with recombinant microorganisms containing artificial synthetic pathways. The complex organization of respective enzymes combined with aspects such as cofactor dependency and low stability in isolated form often favors the use of whole cells over that of isolated enzymes. Based on an inventory of the large spectrum of biocatalytic C-O functional group chemistry, this review focuses on highlighting the potentials, limitations, and solutions offered by the application of self-regenerating microbial cells as biocatalysts. Different cellular functionalities are discussed in the light of their (possible) contribution to catalyst efficiency. The combined achievements in the areas of protein, genetic, metabolic, and reaction engineering enable the development of whole-cell biocatalysts as powerful tools in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schrewe
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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McSkimming A, Colbran SB. The coordination chemistry of organo-hydride donors: new prospects for efficient multi-electron reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5439-88. [PMID: 23507957 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35466k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In biological reduction processes the dihydronicotinamides NAD(P)H often transfer hydride to an unsaturated substrate bound within an enzyme active site. In many cases, metal ions in the active site bind, polarize and thereby activate the substrate to direct attack by hydride from NAD(P)H cofactor. This review looks more widely at the metal coordination chemistry of organic donors of hydride ion--organo-hydrides--such as dihydronicotinamides, other dihydropyridines including Hantzsch's ester and dihydroacridine derivatives, those derived from five-membered heterocycles including the benzimidazolines and benzoxazolines, and all-aliphatic hydride donors such as hexadiene and hexadienyl anion derivatives. The hydride donor properties--hydricities--of organo-hydrides and how these are affected by metal ions are discussed. The coordination chemistry of organo-hydrides is critically surveyed and the use of metal-organo-hydride systems in electrochemically-, photochemically- and chemically-driven reductions of unsaturated organic and inorganic (e.g. carbon dioxide) substrates is highlighted. The sustainable electrocatalytic, photochemical or chemical regeneration of organo-hydrides such as NAD(P)H, including for driving enzyme-catalysed reactions, is summarised and opportunities for development are indicated. Finally, new prospects are identified for metal-organo-hydride systems as catalysts for organic transformations involving 'hydride-borrowing' and for sustainable multi-electron reductions of unsaturated organic and inorganic substrates directly driven by electricity or light or by renewable reductants such as formate/formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McSkimming
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Churakova E, Tomaszewski B, Buehler K, Schmid A, Arends I, Hollmann F. Hydrophobic Formic Acid Esters for Cofactor Regeneration in Aqueous/Organic Two-Liquid Phase Systems. Top Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-013-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Denard CA, Hartwig JF, Zhao H. Multistep One-Pot Reactions Combining Biocatalysts and Chemical Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
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Kim E, Jeon M, Kim S, Yadav PN, Jeong KD, Kim J. Photocatalytic Systems of Pt Nanoparticles and Molecular Co Complexes for NADH Regeneration and Enzyme-coupled CO2Conversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5857/rcp.2013.2.2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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