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Keerthana S, Divya KP, Rajapriya A, Viswanathan C, Ponpandian N. Electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor based on stabilized lipid bilayer–tethered WS2@MWCNT for the sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:450. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Liu H, You Y, Zhu Y, Zheng H. Recent advances in the exonuclease III-assisted target signal amplification strategy for nucleic acid detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5103-5119. [PMID: 34664562 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The detection of nucleic acids has become significantly important in molecular diagnostics, gene therapy, mutation analysis, forensic investigations and biomedical development, and so on. In recent years, exonuclease III (Exo III) as an enzyme in the 3'-5' exonuclease family has evolved as a frequently used technique for signal amplification of low level DNA target detection. Different from the traditional target amplification strategies, the Exo III-assisted amplification strategy has been used for target DNA detection through directly amplifying the amounts of signal reagents. The Exo III-assisted amplification strategy has its unique advantages and characters, because the character of non-specific recognition of Exo III can overcome the limitation of a target-to-probe ratio of 1 : 1 in the traditional nucleic acid hybridization assay and acquire higher sensitivity. In this review, we selectively discuss the recent advances in the Exo III-assisted amplification strategy, including the amplification strategy integrated with nanomaterials, biosensors, hairpin probes and other nucleic acid detection methods. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of each strategy and methods to overcome the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhao You
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Youzhuo Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
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Sun Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Li Q, Xie X, Zhao D, Tian T, Shi S, Meng L, Lin Y. Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Loading Ampicillin Improve the Drug Susceptibility against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36957-36966. [PMID: 32814381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Songhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qirong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Taoran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Zhu J, Zhang M, Gao Y, Qin X, Zhang T, Cui W, Mao C, Xiao D, Lin Y. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote scarless healing of cutaneous wounds via the AKT-signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:120. [PMID: 32678073 PMCID: PMC7366912 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While the skin is considered the first line of defense in the human body, there are some vulnerabilities that render it susceptible to certain threats, which is an issue that is recognized by both patients and doctors. Cutaneous wound healing is a series of complex processes that involve many types of cells, such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes. This study showed that tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), a type of self-assembled nucleic-acid material, have the ability to promote keratinocyte(HaCaT cell line) and fibroblast(HSF cell line) proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, tFNAs increased the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in HSF cells and reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in HaCaT cells by activating the AKT-signaling pathway. During in vivo experiments, tFNA treatments accelerated the healing process in skin wounds and decreased the development of scars, compared with the control treatment that did not use tFNAs. This is the first study to demonstrate that nanophase materials with the biological features of nucleic acids accelerate the healing of cutaneous wounds and reduce scarring, which indicates the potential application of tFNAs in skin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Weitong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Dexuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Alcântara ACS, Darder M, Aranda P, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Zein-layered hydroxide biohybrids: strategies of synthesis and characterization. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040825. [PMID: 32054135 PMCID: PMC7079599 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work constitutes a basic study about the first exploration on the preparation of biohybrids based on the corn protein zein and layered metal hydroxides, such as layered double hydroxides (LDH) and layered single hydroxides (LSHs). For this purpose, MgAl layered double hydroxide and the Co2(OH)3 layered single hydroxide were selected as hosts, and various synthetic approaches were explored to achieve the formation of the zein-layered hydroxide biohybrids, profiting from the presence of negatively charged groups in zein in basic medium. Zein-based layered hydroxide biohybrids were characterized by diverse physicochemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), solid state 13C cross-polarization magical angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS NMR), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc., which suggest that the different synthesis procedures employed and the anion located in the interlayer region of the inorganic host material seem to have a strong influence on the final features of the biohybrids, resulting in mixed, single intercalated, or highly exfoliated intercalated phases. Thus, the resulting biohybrids based on zein and layered hydroxides could have interest in applications in biomedicine, biosensing, materials for electronic devices, catalysis, and photocatalysis.
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Xie X, Zhang Y, Ma W, Shao X, Zhan Y, Mao C, Zhu B, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Cai X. Potent anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumour activity of pegaptanib-loaded tetrahedral DNA nanostructure. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12662. [PMID: 31364793 PMCID: PMC6797503 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pegaptanib might be a promising anti-tumour drug targeting VEGF to inhibit tumour vascular endothelial cell proliferation. However, the poor biostability limited its application. In this study, we took tetrahedron DNA nanostructures (TDNs) as drug nanocarrier for pegaptanib to explore the potent anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumour activity of this drug delivery system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The successful synthesis of TDNs and pegaptanib-TDNs was determined by 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), capillary electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cytotoxicity of pegaptanib alone and pegaptanib-TDNs on HUVECs and Cal27 was evaluated by the cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The effect of pegaptanib and pegaptanib-TDNs on proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs induced by VEGF was examined by CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay and tubule formation experiment. The cell binding capacity and serum stability were detected by flow cytometry and PAGE, respectively. RESULTS Pegaptanib-TDNs had stronger killing ability than pegaptanib alone, and the inhibiting effect was in a concentration-dependent manner. What's more, pegaptanib-loaded TDNs could effectively enhance the ability of pegaptanib to inhibit proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs induced by VEGF. These might attribute to the stronger binding affinity to the cell membrane and greater serum stability of pegaptanib-TDNs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that pegaptanib-TDNs might be a novel strategy to improve anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumour ability of pegaptanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuxi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chenchen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of StomatologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of StomatologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Basic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of DentistryTexas A&M UniversityDallasTexas
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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7
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Su S, Sun Q, Wan L, Gu X, Zhu D, Zhou Y, Chao J, Wang L. Ultrasensitive analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen based on MoS2-based electrochemical immunosensor with triple signal amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 140:111353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Su S, Hao Q, Yan Z, Dong R, Yang R, Zhu D, Chao J, Zhou Y, Wang L. A molybdenum disulfide@Methylene Blue nanohybrid for electrochemical determination of microRNA-21, dopamine and uric acid. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:607. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Zhu B, Guo J, Zhang L, Pan M, Jing X, Wang L, Liu X, Zuo X. In-Situ Configuration Studies on Segmented DNA Origami Nanotubes. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1508-1513. [PMID: 30702811 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional nanotubes are of considerable interest in materials and biochemical sciences. A particular desire is to create DNA nanotubes with user-defined structural features and biological relevance, which will facilitate the application of these nanotubes in the controlled release of drugs, templating of other materials into linear arrays and the construction of artificial membrane channels. However, little is known about the structures of assembled DNA nanotubes in solution. Here we report an in situ exploration of segmented DNA nanotubes, composed of multiple units with set length distributions, by using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Through joint experimental and theoretical studies, we show that the SAXS data are highly informative in the context of heterogeneous mixtures of DNA nanotubes. The structural parameters obtained by SAXS are in good agreement with those determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In particular, the SAXS data revealed important structural information on these DNA nanotubes, such as the in-solution diameters (≈25 nm), which could be obtained only with difficulty by use of other methods. Our results establish SAXS as a reliable structural analysis method for long DNA nanotubes and could assist in the rational design of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Jingyang Guo
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Jiading District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Muchen Pan
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Liu N, Zhang X, Li N, Zhou M, Zhang T, Li S, Cai X, Ji P, Lin Y. Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Promote Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing in Vitro and in Vivo. SMALL 2019; 15:e1901907. [PMID: 31192537 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Poor post-traumatic wound healing can affect the normal function of damaged tissues and organs. For example, poor healing of corneal epithelial injuries may lead to permanent visual impairment. It is of great importance to find a therapeutic way to promote wound closure. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) are new promising nanomaterials, which can affect the biological behavior of cells. In the experiment, corneal wound healing is used as an example to explore the effect of tFNAs on wound healing. Results show that the proliferation and migration of human corneal epithelial cells are enhanced by exposure to tFNAs in vitro, possibly relevant to the activation of P38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. An animal model of corneal alkali burn is established to further identify the facilitation effect of tFNAs on corneal wound healing in vivo. Clinical evaluations and histological analyses show that tFNAs can improve the corneal transparency and accelerate the re-epithelialization of wounds. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments show that tFNAs can play a positive role in corneal epithelial wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Songhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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Zhu D, Huang J, Lu B, Zhu Y, Wei Y, Zhang Q, Guo X, Yuwen L, Su S, Chao J, Wang L. Intracellular MicroRNA Imaging with MoS 2-Supported Nonenzymatic Catassembly of DNA Hairpins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20725-20733. [PMID: 31117454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Amplification strategies for low-level microRNA detection in living cells are pivotal for gene diagnosis and many cellular bioprocesses. In this work, we develop an amplification strategy for microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) imaging in living cells with MoS2-supported catassembly of DNA hairpins. The MoS2 nanosheet with low cytotoxicity serves as the nanocarrier and excellent fluorescence quencher, which can transfer fluorescent metastable hairpin DNA into the cells easily in a nondestructive manner and significantly reduce background signals. The three-branched catalyzed hairpin assembly (TB-CHA) probes contain three types of designed DNA molecular beacons with the modification of Cy3 in the terminal. In the presence of miRNA-21, the catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction would be triggered and a "Y"-shaped three-branched duplex nanostructure would be formed, which would release from the surface of the MoS2 nanosheet due to the reduced affinity between the DNA duplex and MoS2 nanosheet. The multisite fluorescence modification and the circular reaction of TB-CHA probes allowed a significant fluorescence recovery in a live-cell microenvironment. The ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-21 is achieved with a detection limit of 75.6 aM, which is ∼5 orders of magnitude lower than that of a simple strand displacement-based strategy (detection limit: 8.5 pM). This method offers great opportunities for the ultrasensitive live-cell detection of miRNAs and helps in gaining a deeper understanding of the physiological functions of miRNAs in cancer research and life processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jiaxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Bang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yaqi Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xixi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Shao Su
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jie Chao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
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12
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Guo J, Qin S, Wei Y, Liu S, Peng H, Li Q, Luo L, Lv M. Silver nanoparticles exert concentration-dependent influences on biofilm development and architecture. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12616. [PMID: 31050052 PMCID: PMC6668980 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the biofilm growth and architecture. Materials and methods Silver nitrate was reduced by d‐maltose to prepare AgNPs in the presence of ammonia and sodium hydroxide. The physicochemical properties of AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The development of biofilm with and without AgNPs was explored by crystal violet stain. The structures of mature biofilm were visually studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial cell, polysaccharide and protein within biofilm were assessed quantitatively by colony‐counting method, phenol‐sulphuric acid method and Bradford assay, respectively. Results The spherical AgNPs (about 30 nm) were successfully synthesized. The effect of AgNPs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development was concentration‐dependent. Biofilm was more resistant to AgNPs than planktonic cells. Low doses of AgNPs exposure remarkably delayed the growth cycle of biofilm, whereas high concentration (18 μg/mL) of AgNPs fully prevented biofilm development. The analysis of biofilm architecture at the mature stage demonstrated that AgNPs exposure at all concentration led to significant decrease of cell viability within treated biofilms. However, sublethal doses of AgNPs increased the production of both polysaccharide and protein compared to control, which significantly changed the biofilm structure. Conclusions AgNPs exert concentration‐dependent influences on biofilm development and structure, which provides new insight into the role of concentration played in the interaction between antibacterial nanoparticles and biofilm, especially, an ignored sublethal concentration associated with potential unintended consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Guo
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Qin
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shima Liu
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhen Peng
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingnuan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lv
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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13
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Fu N, Meng Z, Jiao T, Luo X, Tang Z, Zhu B, Sui L, Cai X. P34HB electrospun fibres promote bone regeneration in vivo. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12601. [PMID: 30896076 PMCID: PMC6536444 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone tissue engineering was introduced in 1995 and provides a new way to reconstruct bone and repair bone defects. However, the design and fabrication of suitable bionic bone scaffolds are still challenging, and the ideal scaffolds in bone tissue engineering should have a three-dimensional porous network, good biocompatibility, excellent biodegradability and so on. The purpose of our research was to investigate whether a bioplasticpoly3-hydroxybutyrate4-hydroxybutyrate (P34HB) electrospun fibre scaffold is conducive to the repair of bone defects, and whether it is a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS AND METHODS The P34HB electrospun fibre scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning technology, and the surface morphology, hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and cytological behaviour of the scaffolds were tested. Furthermore, a calvarial defect model was created in rats, and through layer-by-layer paper-stacking technology, the P34HB electrospun fibre scaffolds were implanted into the calvarial defect area and their effect on bone repair was evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that the P34HB electrospun fibre scaffolds are interwoven with several fibres and have good porosity, physical properties and chemical properties and can promote cell adhesion and proliferation with no cytotoxicity in vitro. In addition, the P34HB electrospun fibre scaffolds can promote the repair of calvarial defects in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that the P34HB electrospun fibre scaffold has a three-dimensional porous network with good biocompatibility, excellent biosafety and ability for bone regeneration and repair; thus, the P34HB electrospun fibre scaffold is a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fu
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhaosong Meng
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tiejun Jiao
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoding Luo
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zisheng Tang
- Department of EndodonticsShanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of StomatologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of StomatologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lei Sui
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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14
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Yin C, Weng W, Gao R, Liu J, Niu Y, Li G, Sun W. Investigation of the direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin on gold nanorods modified electrode. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Wenju Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHainan Normal University Haikou P. R. China
| | - Guangjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHainan Normal University Haikou P. R. China
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Zhu D, Lu B, Zhu Y, Ma Z, Wei Y, Su S, Wang L, Song S, Zhu Y, Wang L, Chao J. Cancer-Specific MicroRNA Analysis with a Nonenzymatic Nucleic Acid Circuit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11220-11226. [PMID: 30816697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of gastric cancer-related biomarkers in human serum provides a promising means for early cancer diagnosis. Herein, we report the design of a nucleic acid circuit for gastric cancer-related microRNA-27a (miRNA-27a) detection based on dual toehold-mediated circular strand displacement amplification (CSDA). In the presence of miRNA-27a, the hybridization between miRNA-27a and probe DNA on magnetic beads through toehold 1 leads to the release of fluorescent DNA and the exposure of a new toehold 2 on linker DNA. After hybridization with catalytic DNA, CSDA is initiated and target miRNA-27a is released to participate in the next cyclic reaction; therefore, a greatly enhanced fluorescence signal is produced. The efficient magnetic separation makes the sensitive detection of miRNA-27a be accomplished within 45 min. With the efficient CSDA, the detection limit of the system (0.8 pM) is ∼100 folds lower than that of the system based on strand displacement without CSDA (79.3 pM). Furthermore, the system also showed good stability and sensitivity to discriminate single-base mismatch, which allows the detection of miRNA-27a in human serum samples. This study provides a novel platform and approach for the rapid quantitative determination of miRNA, which has great potential in clinical diagnosis and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Bang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zihao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yaqi Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Shao Su
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Shiping Song
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jie Chao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Meng L, Ma W, Lin S, Shi S, Li Y, Lin Y. Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure-Delivered DNAzyme for Gene Silencing to Suppress Cell Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6850-6857. [PMID: 30698411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Zou R, Li X, Luo G, Niu Y, Weng W, Sun W, Xi J, Chen Y, Li G. Boron Nitride Nanosheet Modified Electrode: Preparation and Application to Direct Electrochemistry of Myoglobin. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Guiling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Yanyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Wenju Weng
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, QingdaoUniversity of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P R China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Jingwen Xi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si−Zr-Ti ResourcesHainan University Haikou 570228 P R China
| | - Guangjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, QingdaoUniversity of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P R China
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Yusan S, Rahman MM, Mohamad N, Arrif TM, Latif AZA, M. A. MA, Wan Nik WSB. Development of an Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on the Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on the Se-MCM-41 Mesoporous Composite. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:2687341. [PMID: 29862120 PMCID: PMC5971259 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2687341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new bioenzymatic glucose biosensor for selective and sensitive detection of glucose was developed by the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) onto selenium nanoparticle-mesoporous silica composite (MCM-41) matrix and then prepared as a carbon paste electrode (CPE). Cyclic voltammetry was employed to probe the catalytic behavior of the biosensor. A linear calibration plot is obtained over a wide concentration range of glucose from 1 × 10-5 to 2 × 10-3 M. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor exhibits high sensitivity (0.34 µA·mM-1), low detection limit (1 × 10-4 M), high affinity to glucose (Km = 0.02 mM), and also good reproducibility (R.S.D. 2.8%, n=10) and a stability of about ten days when stored dry at +4°C. Besides, the effects of pH value, scan rate, mediator effects on the glucose current, and electroactive interference of the biosensor were also discussed. As a result, the biosensor exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic response to glucose as well as unique stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabriye Yusan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mokhlesur M. Rahman
- Institute for Community Development & Quality of Life (i-CODE), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nasir Mohamad
- Institute for Community Development & Quality of Life (i-CODE), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tengku M. Arrif
- Institute for Community Development & Quality of Life (i-CODE), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zubaidi A. Latif
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Aznan M. A.
- Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Sani B. Wan Nik
- School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Zheng W, Chen W, Weng W, Liu L, Li G, Wang J, Sun W. Direct electron transfer of horseradish peroxidase at Co3O4–graphene nanocomposite modified electrode and electrocatalysis. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-1042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Wang W, Li X, Yu X, Yan L, Shi Z, Wen X, Sun W. Electrochemistry of Multilayers of Graphene and Myoglobin Modified Electrode and Its Biosensing. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201500378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wang WC, Yan LJ, Shi F, Niu XL, Huang GL, Zheng CJ, Sun W. Application of Carbon-Microsphere-Modified Electrodes for Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin and Electrocatalytic Sensing of Trichloroacetic Acid. SENSORS 2015; 16:s16010006. [PMID: 26703621 PMCID: PMC4732039 DOI: 10.3390/s16010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
By using the hydrothermal method, carbon microspheres (CMS) were fabricated and used for electrode modification. The characteristics of CMS were investigated using various techniques. The biocompatible sensing platform was built by immobilizing hemoglobin (Hb) on the micrometer-sized CMS-modified electrode with a layer of chitosan membrane. On the cyclic voltammogram, a couple of quasi-reversible cathodic and anodic peaks appeared, showing that direct electrochemistry of Hb with the working electrode was achieved. The catalytic reduction peak currents of the bioelectrode to trichloroacetic acid was established in the linear range of 2.0~70.0 mmol·L−1 accompanied by a detection limit of 0.30 mmol·L−1 (3σ). The modified electrode displayed favorable sensitivity, good reproducibility and stability, which suggests that CMS is promising for fabricating third-generation bioelectrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Li-Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Fan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Xue-Liang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Guo-Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Cai-Juan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
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Electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin on electrodeposited ZrO2 and graphene-modified carbon ionic liquid electrode. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shi F, Xi J, Hou F, Han L, Li G, Gong S, Chen C, Sun W. Application of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-gold composite modified electrode for direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 58:450-7. [PMID: 26478332 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and gold (Au) composite was synthesized by electrodeposition and used for the electrode modification with carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) as the substrate electrode. Myoglobin (Mb) was further immobilized on the surface of 3D RGO-Au/CILE to obtain an electrochemical sensing platform. Direct electrochemistry of Mb on the modified electrode was investigated with a pair of well-defined redox waves appeared on cyclic voltammogram, indicating the realization of direct electron transfer of Mb with the modified electrode. The results can be ascribed to the presence of highly conductive 3D RGO-Au composite on the electrode surface that accelerate the electron transfer rate between the electroactive center of Mb and the electrode. The Mb modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of trichloroacetic acid in the concentration range from 0.2 to 36.0 mmol/L with the detection limit of 0.06 mmol/L (3σ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Jingwen Xi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Fei Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Guangjiu Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shixing Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Chanxing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China.
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Shi F, Wang W, Gong S, Lei B, Li G, Lin X, Sun Z, Sun W. Application of Titanium Dioxide Nanowires for the Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin and Electrocatalysis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Application of graphene-copper sulfide nanocomposite modified electrode for electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 64:131-7. [PMID: 25212067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a graphene (GR) and copper sulfide (CuS) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method and used for the electrode modification with a N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate based carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) as the substrate electrode. Hemoglobin (Hb) was immobilized on the modified electrode to get a biocompatible sensing platform. UV-vis absorption spectroscopic results confirmed that Hb retained its native secondary structure in the composite. Direct electron transfer of Hb incorporated into the nanocomposite was investigated with a pair of well-defined redox waves appeared on cyclic voltammogram, indicating the realization of direct electrochemistry of Hb on the modified electrode. The results can be ascribed to the presence of GR-CuS nanocomposite on the electrode surface that facilitates the electron transfer rate between the electroactive center of Hb and the electrode. The Hb modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of trichloroacetic acid in the concentration range from 3.0 to 64.0 mmol L(-1) with the detection limit of 0.20 mmol L(-1) (3σ). The fabricated biosensor displayed the advantages such as high sensitivity, good reproducibility and long-term stability.
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Zhao J, Wang W, Zhang L, Cui X, Zhu Y, Wu W, Chen H, Shi J. Facile synthesis of superparamagnetic mesoporous zeolite microspheres for the capacious enrichment of enzymes and proteins. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:406-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang X, You Z, Sha H, Sun Z, Sun W. Electrochemical myoglobin biosensor based on carbon ionic liquid electrode modified with Fe3O4@SiO2 microsphere. J Solid State Electrochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-013-2259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhai ZQ, Wu J, Sun W, Jiao K. Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin and its Electrocatalysis Based on a Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sun W, Li L, Lei B, Li T, Ju X, Wang X, Li G, Sun Z. Fabrication of graphene–platinum nanocomposite for the direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1907-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sun W, Guo Y, Ju X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Sun Z. Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin on graphene and titanium dioxide nanorods composite modified electrode and itselectrocatalysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sun W, Guo Y, Lu Y, Hu A, Shi F, Li T, Sun Z. Electrochemical biosensor based on graphene, Mg2Al layered double hydroxide and hemoglobin composite. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hong J, Huang K, Wang W, Yang WY, Zhao YX, Xiao BL, Moosavi-Movahedi Z, Ghourchian H, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Direct Electrochemistry of Artificial Peroxidase Based on Self-Assembled Cytochrome c-SDS-Nano-Micelle. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.682234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sun W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Ju X, Wang D, Wu J, Sun Z. Electrodeposited Graphene and Silver Nanoparticles Modified Electrode for Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Doménech A, Doménech-Carbó MT, Lee Y, Osete-Cortina L. Potential Application of Voltammetry of Microparticles for Dating Porcine Blood-based Binding Media used in Taiwanese Architectural Polychromies. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2268-73. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fabrication of a novel hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on Au-(PEO106PPO70PEO106) hairy nanospheres. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ke Y, Zeng Y, Pu X, Wu X, Li L, Zhu Z, Yu Y. Electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin on carbon coated Fe3O4 nanospindle modified carbon ionic liquid electrode. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20362f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ramesh TN. Vapour phase diffusion of ammonia on the first row transition metal series and its effect on the crystallization process: A structural investigation. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476611050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fang ZH, Lu LM, Zhang XB, Li HB, Yang B, Shen GL, Yu RQ. A Third-Generation Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized in Carbon Nanotubes/ SBA-15 Film. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Reagentless amperometric glucose biosensor based on the immobilization of glucose oxidase on a ferrocene@NaY zeolite composite. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhu Z, Qu L, Li X, Zeng Y, Sun W, Huang X. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin with carbon nanotube-ionic liquid-chitosan composite materials modified carbon ionic liquid electrode. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles on mesoporous silica for glucose detection. J Solid State Electrochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin entrapped in dextran film on carbon ionic liquid electrode. J CHEM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-010-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mousty C. Biosensing applications of clay-modified electrodes: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:315-25. [PMID: 19936720 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered inorganic solids, such as cationic clays and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also defined as anionic clays, have open structures which are favourable for interactions with enzymes and which intercalate redox mediators. This review aims to show the interest in clays and LDHs as suitable host matrices likely to immobilize enzymes onto electrode surfaces for biosensing applications. It is meant to provide an overview of the various types of electrochemical biosensors that have been developed with these 2D layered materials, along with significant advances over the last several years. The different biosensor configurations and their specific transduction procedures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mousty
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Inorganiques (LMI, UMR UBP-CNRS 6002), Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont-Ferrand), 24, Avenue des Landais, 63177, Aubière cedex, France.
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Razmi H, Mohammad-Rezaei R, Heidari H. Self-Assembled Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Based Electrochemical Sensor for High Sensitive Determination of H2O2in Acidic Media. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Charradi K, Forano C, Prevot V, Ben Haj Amara A, Mousty C. Direct electron transfer and enhanced electrocatalytic activity of hemoglobin at iron-rich clay modified electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10376-10383. [PMID: 19518082 DOI: 10.1021/la901080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The possible role of structural iron in clays to promote direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated. Clays containing different amounts of iron situated in octahedral or tetrahedral sites have been used to modify glassy carbon electrodes: nontronite, synthetic montmorillonite, and saponite. A synthetic montmorillonite containing non-iron impurities was used as a reference. Interactions between Hb and these clays were studied with the establishment of adsorption isotherms and by the analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns, FTIR, and UV-vis spectra of the Hb-clay samples. The electrochemical behavior of clay modified electrodes (CME) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in the presence of Hb in solution or adsorbed within the clays. Nontronite, which contains the highest amount of structural iron, enhanced significantly direct electron transfer of Hb. Finally, the electrocatalytic behavior of Hb-Nontronite CME in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was also studied, and the H(2)O(2) calibration curve was recorded under amperometric conditions for different bioelectrode configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Charradi
- Departement de Chimie Moleculaire (DCM, UMR CNRS-UJF 5250) Universite Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France
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Sun W, Zhai Z, Jiao K. Hemoglobin Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802421640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhao X, Mai Z, Kang X, Dai Z, Zou X. Clay–chitosan–gold nanoparticle nanohybrid: Preparation and application for assembly and direct electrochemistry of myoglobin. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Direct electron-transfer of native hemoglobin in blood: Kinetics and catalysis. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 72:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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