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Seo Y, Kim MK, Lee JH, Chang EJ, Kim EK, Lee HK. Expression of Lymphangiogenic Markers in Rejected Human Corneal Buttons after Penetrating Keratoplasty. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:902-12. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.969809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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Expression of Stat3 and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in cornea keratocytes as factor of ocular immune privilege. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 250:25-31. [PMID: 22072376 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular immune privilege is a multifactorial phenomenon evolutionally selected to prevent immunogenic inflammation from disrupting the visual axis and causing blindness. Here, we investigated the role of signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat3) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in ocular immune privilege in corneal stromal cells. METHODS Human keratocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro, and Stat3 and IDO expression on keratocytes was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The active form of Stat3 was detected by flow-cytometry, and IDO enzyme activity following IFN-γ stimulation of keratocytes was measured by tryptophan to kynurenine conversion with photometric determination of kynurenine concentration in the supernatant. RESULTS Stat3 was constitutively expressed in cultured keratocytes and up-regulated following IFN-γ stimulation. The active form of Stat3 was also up-regulated following IFN-γ stimulation. IDO expression and enzyme activity was markedly induced following IFN-γ stimulation, but this induction was prevented by the IDO specific inhibitor, 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of this study, Stat3 and IDO may act as a factor of ocular immune privilege in corneal keratocytes. Thus, focus on these inhibitory molecules should be considered in studies aimed at developing therapeutic agents for controlling ocular inflammatory or immune diseases.
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ICAM-1 mediates surface contact between neutrophils and keratocytes following corneal epithelial abrasion in the mouse. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91:676-84. [PMID: 20713042 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Corneal epithelial abrasion elicits an inflammatory response involving neutrophil (PMN) recruitment from the limbal vessels into the corneal stroma. These migrating PMNs make surface contact with collagen and stromal keratocytes. Using mice deficient in PMN integrin CD18, we previously showed that PMN contact with stromal keratocytes is CD18-dependent, while contact with collagen is CD18-independent. In the present study, we wished to extend these observations and determine if ICAM-1, a known ligand for CD18, mediates PMN contact with keratocytes during corneal wound healing. Uninjured and injured right corneas from C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) mice and ICAM-1(-/-) mice were processed for transmission electron microscopy and imaged for morphometric analysis. PMN migration, stromal thickness, and ICAM-1 staining were evaluated using light microscopy. Twelve hours after epithelial abrasion, PMN surface contact with paralimbal keratocytes in ICAM-1(-/-) corneas was reduced to ˜ 50% of that observed in WT corneas; PMN surface contact with collagen was not affected. Stromal thickness (edema), keratocyte network surface area and keratocyte shape were similar in ICAM-1(-/-) and WT corneas. WT keratocyte ICAM-1 expression was detected at baseline and ICAM-1 staining intensity increased following injury. Since ICAM-1 is readily detected on mouse keratocytes and PMN-keratocyte surface contact in ICAM-1(-/-) mice is markedly reduced, the data suggest PMN adhesive interactions with keratocyte-stromal networks is in part regulated by keratocyte ICAM-1 expression.
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Byeseda SE, Burns AR, Dieffenbaugher S, Rumbaut RE, Smith CW, Li Z. ICAM-1 is necessary for epithelial recruitment of gammadelta T cells and efficient corneal wound healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:571-9. [PMID: 19608878 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing and inflammation are both significantly reduced in mice that lack gammadelta T cells. Here, the role of epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in gammadelta T cell migration in corneal wound healing was assessed. Wild-type mice had an approximate fivefold increase in epithelial gammadelta T cells at 24 hours after epithelial abrasion. ICAM-1(-/-) mice had 50.9% (P < 0.01) fewer gammadelta T cells resident in unwounded corneal epithelium, which failed to increase in response to epithelial abrasion. Anti-ICAM-1 blocking antibody in wild-type mice reduced epithelial gammadelta T cells to a number comparable to that of ICAM-1(-/-) mice, and mice deficient in lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (CD11a/CD18), a principal leukocyte receptor for ICAM-1, exhibited a 48% reduction (P < 0.01) in peak epithelial gammadelta T cells. Re-epithelialization and epithelial cell division were both significantly reduced ( approximately 50% at 18 hours, P < 0.01) after abrasion in ICAM-1(-/-) mice versus wild-type, and at 96 hours, recovery of epithelial thickness was only 66% (P < 0.01) of wild-type. ICAM-1 expression by corneal epithelium in response to epithelial abrasion appears to be critical for accumulation of gammadelta T cells in the epithelium, and deficiency of ICAM-1 significantly delays wound healing. Since gammadelta T cells are necessary for efficient epithelial wound healing, ICAM-1 may contribute to wound healing by facilitating gammadelta T cell migration into the corneal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Byeseda
- Section of Leukocyte Biology, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Room 6014, 1100 Bates, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Marti GP, Mohebi P, Liu L, Wang J, Miyashita T, Harmon JW. KGF-1 for wound healing in animal models. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 423:383-91. [PMID: 18370216 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-194-9_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family FGF7 and is expressed in normal and wounded skin. KGF-1 is massively produced in the early stages of the wound healing process as well as during the later remodeling process (1, 2). We have studied the effects of the electroporation of a KGF-1 plasmid into excisional wounds of different rodent models mimicking diseases known to impair the normal wound healing process. We have used a genetically diabetic mouse model and a septic rat model in our experiments, and we have shown improvement of the healing rate (92% of the wounds are healed at day 12 vs. 40% of the control), the quality of epithelialization (histological score of 3.3 vs. 1.5), and the density of new blood vessels (85% more new blood vessels in the superficial layers than that of the control) (3, 4). Considering these results, we believe we can further explore the treatment modalities for using the electroporation-assisted transfection of DNA plasmid expression vectors of growth factors to enhance cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy P Marti
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Austin BA, Halford WP, Williams BRG, Carr DJJ. Oligoadenylate synthetase/protein kinase R pathways and alphabeta TCR+ T cells are required for adenovirus vector: IFN-gamma inhibition of herpes simplex virus-1 in cornea. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2007; 178:5166-72. [PMID: 17404299 PMCID: PMC1865505 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An adenoviral (Ad) vector containing the murine IFN-gamma transgene (Ad:IFN-gamma) was evaluated for its capacity to inhibit HSV-1. To measure effectiveness, viral titers were analyzed in cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG) during acute ocular HSV-1 infection. Ad:IFN-gamma potently suppressed HSV-1 replication in a dose-dependent fashion, requiring IFN-gamma receptor. Moreover, Ad:IFN-gamma was effective when delivered -72 and -24 h before infection as well as 24 h postinfection. Associated with antiviral opposition, TG from Ad:IFN-gamma-transduced mice harbored fewer T cells. Also related to T cell involvement, Ad:IFN-gamma was effective but attenuated in TG from alphabeta TCR-deficient mice. In corneas, alphabeta TCR(+) T cells were obligatory for protection against viral multiplication. Type I IFN involvement amid antiviral efficacy of Ad:IFN-gamma was further investigated because types I and II IFN pathways have synergistic anti-HSV-1 activity. Ad:IFN-gamma inhibited viral reproduction in corneas and TG from alphabeta IFNR-deficient (CD118(-/-)) mice, although viral titers were 2- to 3-fold higher in cornea and TG compared with wild-type mice. The absence of IFN-stimulated antiviral proteins, 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase/RNase L, and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R completely eliminated the antiviral effectiveness of Ad:IFN-gamma. Collectively, the results demonstrate the following: 1) nonexistence of type I IFN receptor does not abolish defense of Ad:IFN-gamma against HSV-1; 2) antiviral pathways oligoadenylate synthetase-RNase L and protein kinase R are mandatory; and 3) alphabeta TCR(+) T cells are compulsory for Ad:IFN-gamma effectiveness against HSV-1 in cornea but not in TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbie Ann Austin
- Departments of Ophthalmology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | | | - Bryan R. G. Williams
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Center, 27-31 Wright St., Clayton 3168, Victoria Australia
| | - Daniel J. J. Carr
- Departments of Ophthalmology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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Abstract
T-cell activation in the absence of costimulation is futile because T-cells deprived of costimulatory signals enter a state of unresponsiveness or anergy. The interaction of 4-1BB and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) activates an important costimulatory pathway with diverse and important roles in immune regulation. Signals relayed through 4-1BB generate strong CD8(+) T-cell responses rather than CD4(+) T-cell responses; this action results in cytokine induction and promotes T-cell survival. In recent years, 4-1BB-mediated immune regulation has gained great significance because of the seemingly contradictory dual roles of agonistic anti-4-1BB in vivo disease models. To date, agonistic 4-1BB monoclonal antibody has shown therapeutic potential against a variety of tumors, CD4(+) T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and chronic graft-versus-host disease. In addition, blockade of 4-1BB/4-1BBL interaction has produced therapeutic effects against coxsackievirus-induced myocardial inflammation, herpetic stromal keratitis, and graft rejection. We propose that the dual roles of agonistic anti-4-1BB--an enhanced effector function and a suppressor function--are mediated by a novel CD11c(+)CD8(+) T-cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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Oshima T, Sonoda KH, Tsutsumi-Miyahara C, Qiao H, Hisatomi T, Nakao S, Hamano S, Egashira K, Charo IF, Ishibashi T. Analysis of corneal inflammation induced by cauterisation in CCR2 and MCP-1 knockout mice. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:218-22. [PMID: 16424537 PMCID: PMC1860158 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.077875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the role of CCR2/MCP-1 in corneal inflammation. METHODS A cauterisation induced corneal inflammation model was used. The corneas were cauterised with silver nitrate in CCR2 knockout (KO) mice, MCP-1 KO mice, and control mice. Clinical signs such as corneal oedema and opacity were examined 96 hours after cauterisation and the phenotypes of the cells infiltrating the cornea were analysed by flow cytometry. Corneal inflammation in neutrophil depleted mice was also analysed. RESULTS After cauterisation both CCR2 KO and MCP-1 KO mice showed the same levels of corneal oedema and opacity as control mice. Flow cytometry revealed that in control mice most of the infiltrating cells were neutrophils and macrophages, whereas in both CCR2 KO mice and MCP-1 KO mice, the number of macrophages infiltrating the cornea were markedly reduced. However, prominent infiltrates of neutrophils were still observed in the cornea in CCR2 KO mice and MCP-1 KO mice. The depletion of neutrophils significantly reduced the oedema and opacity induced in the cornea by cauterisation. CONCLUSION The CCR2 and MCP-1 molecules are not essential for cauterisation induced corneal inflammation. Neutrophils, rather than migrated macrophages, are the final effector cells involved in inducing inflammation in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Holán V. Corneal stromal cells selectively inhibit the production of certain anti-inflammatory cytokines. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2006; 2:101-108. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Abstract
Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is a significant inflammatory disease of the cornea as a result of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection often progressing to vision loss if left untreated. However, even with immunosuppressive compounds and anti-viral drug treatment, HSV continues to be the leading cause of infectious corneal blindness in the industrialized world. The inflammatory nature of the disease is the root of the pathogenic process characterized by irreversible corneal scarring, neovascularization of the avascular cornea, and infiltration of activated leukocytes. Experimental evidence using mice suggest HSK is the result of either molecular mimicry or a bystander activation phenomenon. This review will revisit the basis of HSK focusing on issues that pertain to the autoimmune component versus collateral damage as a result of non-specific activation as a means to explain the pathologic manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wickham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Biswas PS, Rouse BT. Early events in HSV keratitis--setting the stage for a blinding disease. Microbes Infect 2005; 7:799-810. [PMID: 15857807 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced stromal keratitis (SK) research shift from being a topic only of interest to vision researchers to one that fascinates the general field of inflammatory disease. Studies on experimental mouse lesions have uncovered several fundamental processes that explain lesion development. In this model, the chronic immuno-inflammatory lesions are mainly orchestrated by CD4+ T cells, but multiple early events occur that set the stage for the subsequent pathology. These include virus replication, the production of key cytokines and chemokines, neovascularization of the avascular cornea and the influx of certain inflammatory cell types. Many of these early events are subject to modulation, providing an approach to controlling this important cause of human blindness. We also comment on events ongoing during chronic SK, debating whether or not these represent virus-induced or autoimmune lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha S Biswas
- Comaprative and Experimental Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
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Michelini FM, Ramírez JA, Berra A, Galagovsky LR, Alché LE. In vitro and in vivo antiherpetic activity of three new synthetic brassinosteroid analogues. Steroids 2004; 69:713-20. [PMID: 15579323 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2004.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Revised: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are a novel group of steroids that appear to be ubiquitous in plants and are essential for normal plant growth and development. It has been previously reported that brassinosteroid analogues exert an antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and arenaviruses. In the present study, we report the chemical synthesis of compounds (22S,23S)-3beta-bromo-5alpha,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (2), (22S,23S)-5alpha-fluoro-3beta-22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one (3), (22S,23S)-3beta,5alpha,22,23-tetrahydroxy-stigmastan-6-one (4) as well as their antiherpetic activity both in a human conjunctive cell line (IOBA-NHC) and in the murine herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) experimental model. All compounds prevented HSV-1 multiplication in NHC cells in a dose dependent manner when added after infection with no cytotoxicity. Administration of compounds 2, 3, and 4 to the eyes of mice at 1, 2, and 3 days post-infection delayed and reduced the incidence of HSK, consisting mainly of inflammation, vascularization, and necrosis, compared to untreated, infected mice. However, viral titers of eye washes showed no differences among samples from treated and untreated mice. Since the decrease in the percentage of mice with ocular lesions occurred 5 days after treatment had ended, we suggest that brassinosteroids 2, 3, and 4 did not exert a direct antiviral effect in vivo, but rather may play a role in immune-mediated stromal inflammation, which would explain the improvement of the clinical signs of HSK observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Michelini
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II-4to. piso, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Holán V, Vítová A, Pindjáková J, Krulová M, Zajícová A, Filipec M. Corneal stromal cells selectively inhibit production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by activated T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:200-6. [PMID: 15086381 PMCID: PMC1809025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye has been described as an immunologically privileged site where immunity is purely expressed. It has been demonstrated that administration of antigen into the eye induces only a weak immune response. However, the anterior part of the eye represents an important protective barrier against pathogens and other harmful invaders from the outer environment. Therefore, effective immune mechanisms, which operate locally, need to be present there. Because the cornea has been shown to be a potent producer of various cytokines and other molecules with immunomodulatory properties, we investigated a possible regulatory role for the individual corneal cell types on cytokine production by activated T cells. Mouse spleen cells were stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A in the presence of either corneal explants or cells of corneal epithelial or endothelial cell lines and the production of T helper 1 (Th1) or Th2 cytokines was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that the cornea possesses the ability to inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, production of the inhibitory and anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 by activated T cells. The production of cytokines associated with protective immunity [IL-2, IL-1beta, interferon (IFN)-gamma ] was not inhibited under the same conditions. Corneal explants deprived of epithelial and endothelial cells retained the ability to suppress production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This suppression was mediated by a factor produced by corneal stromal cells and occurred at the level of cytokine gene expression. We suggest that by this mechanism the cornea can potentiate a local expression of protective immune reactions in the anterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Holán
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Carr DJJ, Chodosh J, Ash J, Lane TE. Effect of anti-CXCL10 monoclonal antibody on herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis and retinal infection. J Virol 2003; 77:10037-46. [PMID: 12941914 PMCID: PMC224594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.18.10037-10046.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response to acute ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in mice involves the innate and adaptive immune response, with an associated increase in the secretion of chemokines, including CXCL10 (interferon-inducible protein 10 kDa [IP-10]). Neutralizing antibodies to mouse CXCL10 were used to determine the role of CXCL10 during the acute phase of HSV-1 ocular infection. Treatment of HSV-1-infected mice with antibody to CXCL10 significantly reduced CXCL10 levels in the eye and trigeminal ganglion and reduced mononuclear cell infiltration into the corneal stroma. These results coincided with reduced ICAM-1 and CXCR3 transcript expression, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and CXCL10 levels, and corneal pathology but increased viral titers in the stroma and trigeminal ganglion. Progression of the virus from the corneal stroma to the retina during acute infection was significantly hindered in anti-CXCL10-treated mice. In addition, colocalization of viral antigen with infiltrating leukocytes in the iris and retina during acute infection suggests that one means by which HSV-1 traffics to the retina involves inflammatory cells (primarily CD11b(+) cells). Collectively, the results suggest that CXCL10 expression in the eye initially orchestrates the inflammatory response to acute HSV-1 infection, which facilitates the spread of the virus to other restricted sites within the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Seo SK, Park HY, Choi JH, Kim WY, Kim YH, Jung HW, Kwon B, Lee HW, Kwon BS. Blocking 4-1BB/4-1BB ligand interactions prevents herpetic stromal keratitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:576-83. [PMID: 12847221 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is a chronic inflammatory process in corneal stroma that results from recurrent HSV type 1 infection. We used the murine model of HSK to demonstrate the importance of the interaction between an inducible T cell costimulatory receptor, 4-1BB, and its ligand, 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL), in the development of this disease. In BALB/c mice, HSK ordinarily induced by infection with the RE strain of herpes was prevented by blocking 4-1BB/4-1BBL interaction, either by deleting 4-1BB (in mutant 4-1BB(-/-) mice) or by introducing mAbs against 4-1BBL. The majority of T cells infiltrating the infected corneas were 4-1BB(+) activated effector cells that expressed cell surface markers CD44, CD25, and/or CD62L, as well as chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5, and a limited number of TCR Vbeta chains (Vbeta8.1/8.2, Vbeta8.3, Vbeta10b, and Vbeta5.1/5.2, in order of abundance). Analysis of cell surface phenotypes showed that the failure to develop HSK in the 4-1BB(-/-) mice was associated with a reduced expression of CD62L at the time of T cell migration into the corneal stroma.
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MESH Headings
- 4-1BB Ligand
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Cornea/immunology
- Cornea/metabolism
- Cornea/pathology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Gene Deletion
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Keratitis, Herpetic/metabolism
- Keratitis, Herpetic/pathology
- Keratitis, Herpetic/prevention & control
- Keratitis, Herpetic/virology
- L-Selectin/biosynthesis
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/immunology
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/virology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Su K Seo
- Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
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