1
|
Tatari-Calderone Z, Stojakovic M, Dewan R, Le Bouder G, Jankovic D, Vukmanovic S. Age-related accumulation of T cells with markers of relatively stronger autoreactivity leads to functional erosion of T cells. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:8. [PMID: 22321827 PMCID: PMC3305419 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymic involution is a prominent characteristic of an aging immune system. When thymic function is reduced/absent, the peripheral T cell pool is subject to the laws of peripheral T cell homeostasis that favor survival/expansion of T cell receptors with relatively higher functional avidity for self-peptide/MHC complexes. Due to difficulties in assessing the TCR avidity in polyclonal population of T cells, it is currently not known whether high avidity T cells preferentially survive in aging individuals, and what impact this might have on the function of the immune system and development of autoimmune diseases. Results The phenotype of T cells from aged mice (18-24 months) indicating functional TCR avidity (CD3 and CD5 expression) correlates with the level of preserved thymic function. In mice with moderate thymic output (> 30% of peripheral CD62Lhi T cells), T cells displayed CD3lowCD5hi phenotype characteristic for high functional avidity. In old mice with drastically low numbers of CD62Lhi T cells reduced CD5 levels were found. After adult thymectomy, T cells of young mice developed CD3lowCD5hi phenotype, followed by a CD3lowCD5low phenotype. Spleens of old mice with the CD3low/CD5hi T cell phenotype displayed increased levels of IL-10 mRNA, and their T cells could be induced to secrete IL-10 in vitro. In contrast, downmodulation of CD5 was accompanied with reduced IL-10 expression and impaired anti-CD3 induced proliferation. Irrespective of the CD3/CD5 phenotype, reduced severity of experimental allergic myelitis occurred in old mice. In MTB TCRβ transgenic mice that display globally elevated TCR avidity for self peptide/MHC, identical change patterns occurred, only at an accelerated pace. Conclusions These findings suggest that age-associated dysfunctions of the immune system could in part be due to functional erosion of T cells devised to protect the hosts from the prolonged exposure to T cells with high-avidity for self.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Tatari-Calderone
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rochlitzer S, Veres TZ, Kühne K, Prenzler F, Pilzner C, Knothe S, Winkler C, Lauenstein HD, Willart M, Hammad H, Müller M, Krug N, Lambrecht BN, Braun A. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide affects allergic airway inflammation by modulating dendritic cell function. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1609-21. [PMID: 21752117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is released in the lung by sensory nerves during allergic airway responses. Pulmonary dendritic cells (DC) orchestrating the allergic inflammation could be affected by CGRP. OBJECTIVE To determine the immunomodulatory effects of CGRP on DC function and its impact on the induction of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS CGRP receptor expression on lung DC was determined by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. The functional consequences of CGRP receptor triggering were evaluated in vitro using bone marrow-derived DC. DC maturation and the induction of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell responses were analysed by flow cytometry. The in vivo relevance of the observed DC modulation was assessed in a DC-transfer model of experimental asthma. Mice were sensitized by an intrapharyngeal transfer of OVA-pulsed DC and challenged with OVA aerosol. The impact of CGRP pretreatment of DC on airway inflammation was characterized by analysing differential cell counts and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung histology and cytokine responses in mediastinal lymph nodes. RESULTS RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and cAMP assay demonstrated the expression of functionally active CGRP receptors in lung DC. RT-PCR revealed a transcriptional CGRP receptor down-regulation during airway inflammation. CGRP specifically inhibited the maturation of in vitro generated DC. Maturation was restored by blocking with the specific antagonist CGRP(8-37) . Consequently, CGRP-pretreated DC reduced the activation and proliferation of antigen-specific T cells and induced increased the numbers of T regulatory cells. The transfer of CGRP-pretreated DC diminished allergic airway inflammation in vivo, shown by reduced eosinophil numbers and increased levels of IL-10 in BALF. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CGRP inhibits DC maturation and allergen-specific T cell responses, which affects the outcome of the allergic airway inflammation in vivo. This suggests an additional mechanism by which nerve-derived mediators interfere with local immune responses. Thus, CGRP as an anti-inflammatory mediator could represent a new therapeutic tool in asthma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rochlitzer
- Department of Airway Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stojic-Vukanic Z, Colic M, Backovic A, Antic-Stankovic J, Bufan B, Dimitrijevic M. Differentiation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells under the influence of leflunomide. ARCH BIOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/abs1102353s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leflunomide is an immunosuppressive drug effective in experimental models of
transplantation and autoimmune diseases and in the treatment of active
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Having in mind that it has been shown that some
other immunosuppressive drugs (glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil,
sirolimus etc.) impair dendritic cell (DC) phenotype and function, we
investigated the effect of A77 1726, an active metabolite of leflunomide, on
the differentiation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
(MDDC) in vitro. Immature MDDC were generated by cultivating monocytes in
medium supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4. To induce maturation, immature MDDC
were cultured for 2 additional days with LPS. A77 1726 (100 ?M) was added at
the beginning of cultivation. Flow cytometric analysis showed that MDDC
differentiated in the presence of A77 1726 exhibited an altered phenotype,
with a down-regulated surface expression of CD80, CD86, CD54 and CD40
molecules. Furthermore, the continuous presence of A77 1726 during
differentiation and maturation prevented successful maturation, judging by
the decreased expression of maturation marker CD83, costimulatory and
adhesive molecules on A77 1726-treated mature MDDC. In addition, A77
1726-pretreated MDDC exhibited a poor stimulatory capacity of the allogeneic
T cells and a low production of IL-10 and IL-18. These data suggest that
leflunomide impairs the differentiation, maturation and function of human
MDDC in vitro, which is an additional mechanism of its immunosuppressive
effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Stojic-Vukanic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade
| | - M. Colic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade
| | - A. Backovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade
| | - J. Antic-Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade
| | - B. Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade
| | - M. Dimitrijevic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stojakovic M, Tatari-Calderone Z, Maric C, Hoang A, Vukmanovic S. Paradoxical arrest in lupus activity in BXSB mice with highly autoreactive T cells. Lupus 2009; 19:182-91. [PMID: 19946033 DOI: 10.1177/0961203309350756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
T cells with high avidity for antigens are thought to mediate more effective immunity against foreign antigens and cause more severe autoimmunity. The impact of T cell receptor (TCR) avidity on the development of lupus has not been investigated. We took advantage of a transgenic mouse strain (designated MTB) that has a diverse T cell population and a globally stronger reactivity to self. [MTBxBXSB]F1 mice displayed accelerated lupus relative to the [WTxBXSB]F1 controls. The severity of lupus and the activation of T cells subsided with aging, when elevated IL-10 production by Tr1 cells was observed. Thus, chronic high avidity interactions of T cells with self-antigens can lead to an age associated increase in IL-10 production. This could explain the age-associated reduction of the incidence of lupus, as well as other autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the principle of Tr1 differentiation based on diverse T cells with high avidity for self may potentially be used as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Stojakovic
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gorczynski RM, Chen Z, He W, Khatri I, Sun Y, Yu K, Boudakov I. Expression of a CD200 transgene is necessary for induction but not maintenance of tolerance to cardiac and skin allografts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:1560-8. [PMID: 19592654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD200, a type 2 transmembrane molecule of the Ig supergene family, can induce immunosuppression in a number of biological systems, as well as promote increased graft acceptance, following binding to its receptors (CD200Rs). Skin and cardiac allograft acceptance are readily induced in transgenic mice overexpressing CD200 under control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter, both of which are associated with increased intragraft expression of mRNAs for a number of genes associated with altered T cell subset differentiation, including GATA-3, type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13), GITR, and Foxp3. Interestingly, some 12-15 days after grafting, induction of transgenic CD200 expression can be stopped (by doxycycline withdrawal), without obvious significant effect on graft survival. However, neutralization of all CD200 expression (including endogenous CD200 expression) by anti-CD200 mAb caused graft loss, as did introduction of an acute inflammatory stimulus (LPS, 10 microg/mouse, delivered by i.p. injection). We conclude that even with apparently stably accepted tissue allografts, disruption of the immunoregulatory balance by an intense inflammatory stimulus can cause graft loss.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hao S, Yuan J, Xu S, Munegowda MA, Deng Y, Gordon J, Xing Z, Xiang J. Antigen Specificity Acquisition of Adoptive CD4+ Regulatory T Cells via Acquired Peptide-MHC Class I Complexes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:2428-37. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Rynda A, Maddaloni M, Mierzejewska D, Ochoa-Repáraz J, Maślanka T, Crist K, Riccardi C, Barszczewska B, Fujihashi K, McGhee JR, Pascual DW. Low-dose tolerance is mediated by the microfold cell ligand, reovirus protein sigma1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2008; 180:5187-200. [PMID: 18390700 PMCID: PMC2629740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal tolerance induction generally requires multiple or large Ag doses. Because microfold (M) cells have been implicated as being important for mucosal tolerance induction and because reovirus attachment protein sigma1 (psigma1) is capable of binding M cells, we postulated that targeting a model Ag to M cells via psigma1 could induce a state of unresponsiveness. Accordingly, a genetic fusion between OVA and the M cell ligand, reovirus psigma1, termed OVA-psigma1, was developed to enhance tolerogen uptake. When applied nasally, not parenterally, as little as a single dose of OVA-psigma1 failed to induce OVA-specific Abs even in the presence of adjuvant. Moreover, the mice remained unresponsive to peripheral OVA challenge, unlike mice given multiple nasal OVA doses that rendered them responsive to OVA. The observed unresponsiveness to OVA-psigma1 could be adoptively transferred using cervical lymph node CD4(+) T cells, which failed to undergo proliferative or delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in recipients. To discern the cytokines responsible as a mechanism for this unresponsiveness, restimulation assays revealed increased production of regulatory cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta1, with greatly reduced IL-17 and IFN-gamma. The induced IL-10 was derived predominantly from FoxP3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells. No FoxP3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells were induced in OVA-psigma1-dosed IL-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice, and despite showing increased TGF-beta1 synthesis, these mice were responsive to OVA. These data demonstrate the feasibility of using psigma1 as a mucosal delivery platform specifically for low-dose tolerance induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rynda
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd. Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Massimo Maddaloni
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd. Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Dagmara Mierzejewska
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Javier Ochoa-Repáraz
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd. Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Tomasz Maślanka
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd. Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Kathryn Crist
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd. Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Carol Riccardi
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd. Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Beata Barszczewska
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd. Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Departments of Microbiology and Pediatric Dentistry, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - Jerry R. McGhee
- Departments of Microbiology and Pediatric Dentistry, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294
| | - David W. Pascual
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd. Bozeman, MT 59718
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith PA, Morris-Downes M, Heijmans N, Pryce G, Arter E, O'Neill JK, 't Hart B, Baker D, Amor S. Epitope spread is not critical for the relapse and progression of MOG 8-21 induced EAE in Biozzi ABH mice. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 164:76-84. [PMID: 15927270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging autoimmunity (epitope-spreading) generated as a consequence of myelin damage is suggested to underlie the relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 8-21) induces relapsing EAE in ABH mice characterized by broadening of the autoimmune reportoire. Despite epitope spreading tolerance to the priming antigen, but not emerging epitope reactivities, resulted in long-term inhibition of clinical relapse. In contrast, spinal cord homogenate induced EAE was dominated by a proteolipid protein (PLP 56-70) autoreactivity despite the plethora of CNS antigens in the immunogen. This data suggests that during relapsing-remitting demyelinating disease the pathogenic process is dominated by the initiating antigen, with only a minor role played by emerging T-cell populations. These findings may have important implications for the efficacy of antigen-based immune therapies in autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Smith
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 139, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
In addition to the well-established role of natural CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Tr) cells in the maintenance of tolerance to self-antigens, there is accumulating evidence for distinct populations of Tr cells induced in the periphery after encounter with pathogens and foreign antigens. These antigen-specific T cells, termed Tr1 or Th3 cells, secrete IL-10 and or TGF-beta, but no IL-4 and little or no IFN-gamma, and are induced by semi-mature dendritic cells under the influence of regulatory cytokines, including IL-10, TGF-beta and IL-4. Tr1 or Th3 cells are capable of suppressing Th1 and Th2 responses and function in infection to limit pathogen-induced immunopathology, but can also be exploited in therapies for immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
von Bubnoff D, Fimmers R, Bogdanow M, Matz H, Koch S, Bieber T. Asymptomatic atopy is associated with increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and interleukin-10 production during seasonal allergen exposure. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:1056-63. [PMID: 15248850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan (TRP)-catabolizing enzyme with regulatory effects on T cells. T cell inhibition is achieved through both TRP depletion and TRP metabolite accumulation in specific local tissue microenvironments. The expression of IDO activity by different types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) has been shown to play a role in many instances of immunoregulation and tolerance induction. Induction of IDO after the engagement of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FcepsilonRI, on atopic monocytes has been suggested to regulate T cell responses in atopic disorders. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine known for its down-regulatory functions in the immune system, has recently been associated with the stable expression of IDO in mature tolerogenic dendritic cells. OBJECTIVE This study was devised to understand the role of systemic IDO and IL-10 in the prevention of clinical apparent allergy. METHODS The concentration of TRP and the break-down product kynurenine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in- and off-season in sera from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (n=12) and from clinically asymptomatic atopic patients sensitized to specific aeroallergens (n=12). Non-atopic (NA) individuals (n=12) served as control. The concentration of plasma IL-10 was determined in parallel from these donors by ELISA in- and off-season. RESULTS In clinically unresponsive but aeroallergen-sensitized atopic individuals significantly higher systemic activity of IDO and increased plasma IL-10 levels were found during allergen exposure but not off-season compared to symptomatic atopic individuals with allergic rhinitis and NA individuals. CONCLUSION Enhanced systemic IDO activity as well as increased systemic levels of IL-10 may contribute to the containment of allergic T cell responses and could be involved in the maintenance of a state of clinical unresponsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D von Bubnoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grütz G. New insights into the molecular mechanism of interleukin-10-mediated immunosuppression. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 77:3-15. [PMID: 15522916 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0904484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunomodulatory cytokine, which has attracted much attention because of its anti-inflammatory properties. It reduces antigen presentation and inhibits T cell activation. IL-10-treated myeloid cells lose their ability to respond toward the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with the production of several proinflammatory mediators. Thereby, IL-10 limits excessive inflammatory reactions in response to endotoxin as it occurs in colitis or endotoxin shock. Mice can be tolerized toward endotoxin shock when pretreated with a sublethal dose of LPS. This can be mimicked in vitro as LPS desensitization, resulting in a similar LPS hyporesponsiveness as observed with IL-10 pretreatment. However, an early block in LPS signaling characterizes LPS desensitization, whereas IL-10 seems to target late events. Controversial reports have been published where IL-10 would interfere with the induction of proinflammatory mediators, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory activities of IL-10. Some recent publications have tried to gain more insight into the molecular mechanism of IL-10 by gene-expression profiling and functional studies in myeloid-derived cells. These results are reviewed here and compared with the progress that has been made to understand the induction of endotoxin tolerance by LPS itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Grütz
- Charité Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Luisenstr. 6-8, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonnella PA, Waldner HP, Kodali D, Weiner HL. Induction of low dose oral tolerance in IL-10 deficient mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Autoimmun 2004; 23:193-200. [PMID: 15501390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2003] [Revised: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-10 has been shown to be an important anti-inflammatory mediator that has both down-regulatory and immunomodulatory effects. Utilizing IL-10(-/-) mice we demonstrate the induction of low dose oral tolerance characterized by the up-regulation of TGF-beta and IL-4 and the suppression of Ag specific proliferation with little suppression of INF-gamma. More severe EAE was found in IL-10(-/-) mice than in wild type controls, however, feeding resulted in amelioration of disease severity in both groups. Orally tolerized IL-10(-/-) mice had greater disease severity compared to orally tolerized wild type mice. IL-4 was present in the GALT of IL-10(-/-) mice and up-regulation of TGF-beta was detected in the lamina propria of fed mice. These results demonstrate that IL-10 is not required for the induction of low dose oral tolerance but is required for the regulation of INF-gamma which affects severity of disease in tolerized mice.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Deletion
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interleukin-10/deficiency
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Gonnella
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Coussens PM. Model for immune responses to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle. Infect Immun 2004; 72:3089-96. [PMID: 15155609 PMCID: PMC415675 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.6.3089-3096.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Coussens
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Animal Functional Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Unger WWJ, Hauet-Broere F, Jansen W, van Berkel LA, Kraal G, Samsom JN. Early events in peripheral regulatory T cell induction via the nasal mucosa. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 171:4592-603. [PMID: 14568933 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.9.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nasal application of soluble Ags leads to Ag-specific suppression of systemic immune responses. This tolerance can be transferred to naive mice by CD4(+) regulatory T cells (T(R) cells) from the spleen, but little is known about the induction of mucosal T(R) cells in vivo. To investigate the induction of T(R) cells in the nose-draining cervical lymph node (CLN), CD4(+) T cells from DO11.10 OVA TCR transgenic mice were transferred to BALB/c recipients. Within 48 h after nasal OVA application, CD4(+) DO11.10 T cells in CLN, but not in the peripheral lymph node, had divided. Similarly, nonmucosal (i.m.) OVA application also induced CD4(+) DO11.10 T cells to proliferate in the draining inguinal lymph node (ILN), yet more vigorously and with different kinetics than the CD4(+) DO11.10 T cells in CLN. Functional analysis revealed that only proliferating CD4(+) DO11.10 T cells from CLN, and not ILN, could transfer tolerance to naive recipients. CD4(+) DO11.10 T cells from CLN were phenotypically similar to CD4(+) DO11.10 T cells from ILN, however, in CLN a higher percentage of CD25(+) proliferating CD4(+) DO11.10 T cells were detected compared with ILN. CD25 is not a discriminative marker for mucosal T(R) cells because both CD25(+) and CD25(-) CD4(+) DO11.10 T cells from the CLN could suppress delayed type hypersensitivity responses in adoptive transfer. These findings demonstrate that although striking similarities exist between the differentiation of T(R) and effector T cells, this does not include their function. We are the first to demonstrate that functional T(R) cells, which reside within both CD25(+) and CD25(-) subsets, can be isolated from CLN as early as 3 days after nasal OVA application.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/biosynthesis
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
- Administration, Intranasal
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cell Division/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Female
- Hyaluronan Receptors/biosynthesis
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- L-Selectin/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/biosynthesis
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nasal Mucosa/cytology
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Nasal Mucosa/metabolism
- Neck
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy W J Unger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Colic M, Stojic-Vukanic Z, Pavlovic B, Jandric D, Stefanoska I. Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits differentiation, maturation and allostimulatory function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 134:63-9. [PMID: 12974756 PMCID: PMC1808848 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a new drug used in prevention of transplant rejection, on differentiation, maturation and allostimulatory activity of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC). MDDC were generated in vitro with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 in the presence or absence of MMF. MMF reduced the number of immature MDDC in culture, dose-dependently, by inducing apoptosis and inhibited their stimulatory activity on allogeneic lymphocytes. These changes correlated with down-regulation of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules such as CD40, CD54, CD80 and CD86. No differences were observed in mannose receptor (MR)-mediated endocytosis, measured by the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran. MDDC differentiated in the presence of MMF showed significantly reduced maturation upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, as judged by lower expresson of CD83 and co-stimulatory molecules, lower production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-18 as well as lower stimulation of alloreactive T cells including naive CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells. In contrast, MDDC matured in the presence of MMF showed a more marked decrease in the FITC-dextran uptake than mature MDDC cultivated without MMF and the phenomenon correlated with down-regulation of the MR expression. These results suggest that MMF impairs differentiation, maturation and function of human MDDC in vitro, which is an additional mechanism of its immunosuppressive effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Colic
- Institute for Medical Research, MMA, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wraith DC. Role of interleukin-10 in the induction and function of natural and antigen-induced regulatory T cells. J Autoimmun 2003; 20:273-5. [PMID: 12791311 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8411(03)00046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Wraith
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|