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Senter R, Boyce R, Repic M, Martin EW, Chabicovsky M, Langevin-Carpentier G, Bédard A, Bodick N. Efficacy and Safety of FX201, a Novel Intra-Articular IL-1Ra Gene Therapy for Osteoarthritis Treatment, in a Rat Model. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:541-549. [PMID: 34963343 PMCID: PMC9142767 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling, degenerative disease characterized by progressive cartilage and bone damage. There remains a need for local therapies that, following a single injection, can provide long-term pain relief and functional improvement and potentially delay disease progression. FX201 is a novel, intra-articular (IA), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene therapy in development for the treatment of OA. In this study, we assessed the efficacy, biodistribution, and safety of helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd)-ratIL-1Ra, the rat surrogate of FX201, and the biodistribution of FX201, in the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rat OA model. A single IA injection of HDAd-ratIL-1Ra administered 7 days post-ACLT mitigated OA-related changes to cartilage, bone, and the synovial membrane at week 12 following surgery. Furthermore, FX201 and HDAd-ratIL-1Ra persisted for at least 92 days in the injected joint and proximal tissues with minimal evidence of vector spreading peripherally. Finally, HDAd-ratIL-1Ra showed a favorable safety profile without any local or systemic adverse effects. In conclusion, HDAd-ratIL-1Ra demonstrated local therapeutic and disease-modifying effects and was well tolerated, supporting further clinical development of FX201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Senter
- Flexion Therapeutics, Inc., Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rogely Boyce
- Beechy Ridge ToxPath, LLC, Clay, West Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neil Bodick
- Gate Science, Inc., Moultonborough, New Hampshire, USA
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Zhou X, Shen L, Liu L, Wang C, Qi W, Zhao A, Wu X, Li B. Preclinical safety evaluation of recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 vector encoding human tumor necrosis factor receptor-immunoglobulin Fc fusion gene. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:732-9. [PMID: 26837862 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1090070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) 2 vector gene therapy offers promise for the healing of Rheumatoid arthritis. To support the clinical development of the candidate gene therapeutic product in China, a comprehensive preclinical safety assessment of rAAV2 encoding human TNF receptor-immunoglobulin Fc fusion gene (rAAV2/human TNFR:Fc), were conducted in 3 species of experimental animals. No abnormal findings were observed in mice following single intravenous administration with test article. Compared with the control group, no differences in mean body weight, food consumption in rats and monkeys following the repeated intraarticular administration with rAAV2/human TNFR:Fc. There were also no significant adverse effects due to treatment noted by clinical chemistry, hematology and pathology assessments. After intraarticular administration with rAAV2/human TNFR:Fc, the vector DNA initially distributed to spleen, lymph nodes, and joint synovium. The vector DNA cleared rapidly as it could be detected mainly at the site of injection by 91 d post-administration (182 d for monkey). Taken together, localized delivery of rAAV2/human TNFR:Fc showed no significant toxicity in mice, rats, and monkeys, which support the planned clinical evaluation of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Zhou
- a National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Lianzhong Shen
- a National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Li Liu
- a National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Chao Wang
- a National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Weihong Qi
- a National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Aizhi Zhao
- b AGTC Gene Technology Company Ltd. , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- b AGTC Gene Technology Company Ltd. , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Fiveplus Molecular Medicine Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Bo Li
- a National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
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Shaker OG, Alnoury AM, Hegazy GA, Haddad HEE, Sayed S, Hamdy A. Polimorfismos dos genes metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase, fator de crescimento transformador β1 e linfotoxina‐α e susceptibilidade à artrite reumatoide. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Shaker OG, Alnoury AM, Hegazy GA, El Haddad HE, Sayed S, Hamdy A. Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, transforming growth factor-β1 and lymphotoxin-α genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2016; 56:414-420. [PMID: 27692391 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis is a widely prevalent autoimmune disorder with suggested genetic predisposition. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to detect the pattern of genetic polymorphism of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677 T and A1298 C), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 T869 C) and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α A252G) in patients having rheumatoid arthritis and correlate these patterns to disease activity and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF), and osteopontin. METHODS A total of 194 subjects, 90 controls and 104 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were genotyped for MTHFR C677 T and A1298 C, TGF-β1 T869 C and LT-α A252G polymorphisms using a methodology based on PCR-RFLP. Also serum levels of TNF-α, osteopontin and BAFF were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS The CT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677 T and GG genotype and G allele of LT-α A252G are associated with the risk of RA and with higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is association between MTHFR C677 T and LT-α A252G genes polymorphisms and increased risk of RA in this sample of Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat G Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina M Alnoury
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan A Hegazy
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemmat E El Haddad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa Sayed
- Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamdy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Goodrich LR, Grieger JC, Phillips JN, Khan N, Gray SJ, McIlwraith CW, Samulski RJ. scAAVIL-1ra dosing trial in a large animal model and validation of long-term expression with repeat administration for osteoarthritis therapy. Gene Ther 2015; 22:536-45. [PMID: 25902762 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A gene therapeutic approach to treat osteoarthritis (OA) appears to be on the horizon for millions of people who suffer from this disease. Previously we described optimization of a scAAVIL-1ra gene therapeutic vector and initially tested this in an equine model verifying long-term intrasynovial IL-1ra protein at therapeutic levels. Using this vector, we carried out a dosing trial in six horses to verify protein levels and establish a dose that would express relevant levels of therapeutic protein for extended periods of time (8 months). A novel arthroscopic procedure used to detect green fluorescence protein (GFP) fluorescence intrasynovially confirmed successful transduction of the scAAVGFP vector in both the synovial and cartilage tissues. No evidence of intra-articular toxicity was detected. Immune responses to vector revealed development of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) within 2 weeks of administration, which persisted for the duration of the study but did not lower protein expression intra-articularly. Re-dosing with a different serotype to attain therapeutic levels of protein confirmed establishment of successful transduction. This is the first study in an equine model to establish a dosing/redosing protocol, as well as examine the Nab response to capsid and supports further clinical investigation to determine the clinical efficacy of scAAVIL-1ra to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J C Grieger
- UNC Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J N Phillips
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - N Khan
- UNC Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S J Gray
- UNC Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C W McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R J Samulski
- UNC Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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6
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Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC, Robbins PD. Arthritis gene therapy and its tortuous path into the clinic. Transl Res 2013; 161:205-16. [PMID: 23369825 PMCID: PMC3602127 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis is a disease of joints. The biology of joints makes them very difficult targets for drug delivery in a manner that is specific and selective. This is especially true for proteinaceous drugs ("biologics"). Gene transfer is the only technology that can solve the delivery problem in a clinically reasonable fashion. There is an abundance of preclinical data confirming that genes can be efficiently transferred to tissues within joints by intra-articular injection using a variety of different vectors in conjunction with ex vivo and in vivo strategies. Using the appropriate gene transfer technologies, long-term, intra-articular expression of anti-arthritic transgenes at therapeutic concentrations can be achieved. Numerous studies confirm that gene therapy is effective in treating experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) in the laboratory. A limited number of clinical trials have been completed, which confirm safety and feasibility but only 3 protocols have reached phase II; as yet, there is no unambiguous evidence of efficacy in human disease. Only 2 clinical trials are presently underway, both phase II studies using allogeneic chondrocytes expressing transforming growth factor-β1 for the treatment of OA. Phase I studies using adeno-associated virus to deliver interleukin-1Ra in OA and interferon-β in RA are going through the regulatory process. It is to be hoped that the recent successes in treating rare, Mendelian diseases by gene therapy will lead to accelerated development of genetic treatments for common, non-Mendelian diseases, such as arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA.
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7
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Abstract
The concept of using gene transfer strategies for cartilage repair originates from the idea of transferring genes encoding therapeutic factors into the repair tissue, resulting in a temporarily and spatially defined delivery of therapeutic molecules to sites of cartilage damage. This review focuses on the potential benefits of using gene therapy approaches for the repair of articular cartilage and meniscal fibrocartilage, including articular cartilage defects resulting from acute trauma, osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis. Possible applications for meniscal repair comprise meniscal lesions, meniscal sutures, and meniscal transplantation. Recent studies in both small and large animal models have demonstrated the applicability of gene-based approaches for cartilage repair. Chondrogenic pathways were stimulated in the repair tissue and in osteoarthritic cartilage using genes for polypeptide growth factors and transcription factors. Although encouraging data have been generated, a successful translation of gene therapy for cartilage repair will require an ongoing combined effort of orthopedic surgeons and of basic scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Madry
- Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Henning Madry, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstrasse 1, Homburg, 66424 Germany
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8
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Dougherty SS, Santangelo KS, Bertone AL. Evaluation of the ability of two transfection reagents to deliver small interfering RNA molecules to equine and guinea pig cartilage in vitro. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:813-9. [PMID: 21627528 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.6.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate 2 commercially available transfection reagents for transfection efficiency and distribution of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules to chondrocytes in monolayer cultures and full-thickness cartilage explants from guinea pigs and horses. SAMPLE Cartilage explants from 5 one-month-old and 3 adult guinea pigs and 5 adult clinically normal horses. PROCEDURES Monolayer chondrocytes and uniform cartilage explants were exposed to 1 of 2 siRNA transfection complexes according to manufacturers' protocols (1μM [1×]). Additionally, monolayer chondrocytes were exposed to 2× the suggested amount of a proprietary siRNA molecule. Full-thickness cartilage explants were treated with 1× (1μM), 2× (2μM), and 4× (4μM) or 1× (0.13μM), 4× (0.52μM), and 8× (1.04μM) the recommended concentrations of the proprietary siRNA and the cationic liposome siRNA, respectively, in equivalent media volumes. Use of fluorescent siRNA duplexes allowed quantification of transfected cells via flow cytometry and direct visualization of the depth and distribution of in situ transfection via fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS With both transfection reagents, > 90% of monolayer chondrocytes were transfected. In explants, only use of the proprietary molecule achieved > 50% transfection efficiency, whereas use of the cationic liposome achieved < 20%. Only the proprietary molecule-treated cartilage consistently contained fluorescent cells throughout all zones; the cationic liposome-transfected chondrocytes were restricted to explant surfaces. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Robust transfection of chondrocytes in monolayer was achieved with both reagents, but only use of the proprietary molecule attained effective full-thickness transfection of explants that may allow relevant transcript reduction via RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Dougherty
- Willamette Valley Equine Surgical and Medical Center, Aurora, OR 97002, USA
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9
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Ulrich-Vinther M. Gene therapy methods in bone and joint disorders. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/17453690610046512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) includes several forms of chronic arthritis in children. Treatments are chosen according to the type and severity of the disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids remain the mainstays of therapy. Traditional slower acting anti-rheumatic drugs, such as gold therapy, penicillamine, sulfasalazine, tiopronin and hydroxychloroquine, are usually poorly active in children. In addition, adverse effects are common, including severe macrophage activation syndrome with gold therapy or sulfasalazine. Low dose, once weekly methotrexate has emerged as the therapeutic agent of choice for children who fail to respond adequately to the administration of an NSAID, especially in those with the extended oligoarticular subtype of the disease. Other immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin, are sometimes combined with methotrexate. In recent years, novel treatments have been developed. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective in a number of children with severe JIA, whose disease has been refractory to conventional therapy. However, only short term follow-up data are currently available for this novel therapy. In addition, severe infections complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and death have been reported. Finally, anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy has shown efficacy in more than two-thirds of children with JIA and polyarthritis, and other cytokine inhibitors may be soon available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Prieur
- Department of Paediatric Immunohaematology and Paediatric Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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11
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Zhang T, Yu H, Gong W, Zhang L, Jia T, Wooley PH, Yang SY. The effect of osteoprotegerin gene modification on wear debris-induced osteolysis in a murine model of knee prosthesis failure. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6102-8. [PMID: 19665222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using an in vivo adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer technique, this study evaluated the therapeutic effects of an osteoprotegerin (OPG) transgene against orthopaedic wear debris-induced osteolysis in a long-term murine model. A titanium pin was surgically implanted into proximal tibia of Balb/c mice to mimic a weight-bearing knee arthroplasty, followed by an intra-articular challenge with Ti particles to provoke periprosthetic inflammation and osteolysis. rAAV-hOPG or AAV-LacZ vectors were injected into the prosthetic joint at 3 weeks post-op. The tissues were harvested at 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after transduction for histological and molecular analyses. Successful transgene expression at the local site was confirmed by real-time PCR and ELISA. Inflammatory pseudo-membranes were ubiquitously present at the interface between the Ti implant and the surrounding bone in both LacZ and virus-free control groups, while soft tissue was only observed sporadically at the bone-implant interface in the OPG group. A significant reduction in TRAP+ osteoclast numbers was observed in the OPG treatment group. MicroCT assessment indicated a marked reversal in the loss of peri-implant bone mineral density (BMD) in the OPG-transduced group, when compared with the LacZ and virus-free controls. Further, OPG gene modification appeared to reduce local bone collagen loss by a mean of 40%. Real-time PCR examination confirmed that in vivo OPG gene transfer dramatically influenced the periprosthetic tissue gene expression profiles by diminishing the mRNA expression of TNF, IL-1, CPK and RANKL. There were no transgene-associated toxic effects apparent during the experiment, and the PCR detection of transgenes in remote organs such as lungs, kidneys, liver, and muscle of contralateral limb were consistently negative. Overall, rAAV-mediated OPG gene transfer effectively reversed Ti-particle-induced bone resorption in this experimental model. The therapeutic effects may be due to the blockage of local osteoclastogenesis and possibly the down-regulation of RANKL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Via Christi Regional Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
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12
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Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC, Robbins PD. Orthopedic gene therapy in 2008. Mol Ther 2009; 17:231-44. [PMID: 19066598 PMCID: PMC2835052 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic disorders, although rarely fatal, are the leading cause of morbidity and impose a huge socioeconomic burden. Their prevalence will increase dramatically as populations age and gain weight. Many orthopedic conditions are difficult to treat by conventional means; however, they are good candidates for gene therapy. Clinical trials have already been initiated for arthritis and the aseptic loosening of prosthetic joints, and the development of bone-healing applications is at an advanced, preclinical stage. Other potential uses include the treatment of Mendelian diseases and orthopedic tumors, as well as the repair and regeneration of cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Many of these goals should be achievable with existing technologies. The main barriers to clinical application are funding and regulatory issues, which in turn reflect major safety concerns and the opinion, in some quarters, that gene therapy should not be applied to nonlethal, nongenetic diseases. For some indications, advances in nongenetic treatments have also diminished enthusiasm. Nevertheless, the preclinical and early clinical data are impressive and provide considerable optimism that gene therapy will provide straightforward, effective solutions to the clinical management of several common debilitating disorders that are otherwise difficult and expensive to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC, Robbins PD. Gene therapy of the rheumatic diseases: 1998 to 2008. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:209. [PMID: 19232068 PMCID: PMC2688220 DOI: 10.1186/ar2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the decade since the launch of Arthritis Research, the application of gene therapy to the rheumatic diseases has experienced the same vicissitudes as the field of gene therapy as a whole. There have been conceptual and technological advances and an increase in the number of clinical trials. However, funding has been unreliable and a small number of high-profile deaths in human trials, including one in an arthritis gene therapy trial, have provided ammunition to skeptics. Nevertheless, steady progress has been made in a number of applications, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, Sjögren syndrome, and lupus. Clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis have progressed to phase II and have provided the first glimpses of possible efficacy. Two phase I protocols for osteoarthritis are under way. Proof of principle has been demonstrated in animal models of Sjögren syndrome and lupus. For certain indications, the major technological barriers to the development of genetic therapies seem to have been largely overcome. The translational research necessary to turn these advances into effective genetic medicines requires sustained funding and continuity of effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Harvard Medical School, BIDMC-RN115, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Ghivizzani SC, Gouze E, Gouze JN, Kay JD, Bush ML, Watson RS, Levings PP, Nickerson DM, Colahan PT, Robbins PD, Evans CH. Perspectives on the use of gene therapy for chronic joint diseases. Curr Gene Ther 2008; 8:273-86. [PMID: 18691023 DOI: 10.2174/156652308785160638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular and cellular biology have identified a wide variety of proteins including targeted cytokine inhibitors, immunomodulatory proteins, cytotoxic mediators, angiogenesis inhibitors, and intracellular signalling molecules that could be of great benefit in the treatment of chronic joint diseases, such as osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis. Unfortunately, protein-based drugs are difficult to administer effectively. They have a high rate of turnover, requiring frequent readministration, and exposure in non-diseased tissue can lead to serious side effects. Gene transfer technologies offer methods to enhance the efficacy of protein-based therapies, enabling the body to produce these molecules locally at elevated levels for extended periods. The proof of concept of gene therapies for arthritis has been exhaustively demonstrated in multiple laboratories and in numerous animal models. This review attempts to condense these studies and to discuss the relative benefits and limitations of the methods proposed and to discuss the challenges toward translating these technologies into clinical realities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Ghivizzani
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville FL 32610, USA.
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15
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Gouze E, Gouze JN, Palmer GD, Pilapil C, Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC. Transgene Persistence and Cell Turnover in the Diarthrodial Joint: Implications for Gene Therapy of Chronic Joint Diseases. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1114-20. [PMID: 17440444 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Local gene therapy for chronic joint diseases requires prolonged transgenic expression, but this has not been reliably achieved in animal models. Using normal and immunocompromised animals, we examined the capacity of various cell types in joint tissues to maintain and express exogenous transgenes after direct intra-articular gene delivery. We found that transgenic expression could persist for the lifetime of the animal but required precise immunological compatibility between the vector, transgene product, and host. It was not dependent on vector integration or promoter origin. We identified two phenotypically distinct sub-populations of genetically modified cells within the joint: (i) transient cells, with a half-life of a few weeks, and (ii) stable cells that reside in the joint tissues indefinitely. Contrary to the prevailing assumption, the transient sub-population was composed almost exclusively of synovial fibroblasts, indicating that the synovium is not an appropriate tissue upon which to base a long-term therapy. Instead, fibroblasts in the ligaments, tendons, and capsule emerged as the primary cell types capable of sustained therapeutic transgene expression. This study sheds new light on the cellular dynamics of articular tissues and suggests that cell turnover and immune reactivity are the key determinants in achieving sustained transgenic expression intra-articularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Gouze
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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16
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Guo X, Zheng Q, Yang S, Shao Z, Yuan Q, Pan Z, Tang S, Liu K, Quan D. Repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects by cultured mesenchymal stem cells transfected with the transforming growth factor beta1 gene. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:206-15. [PMID: 18458408 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/4/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair remains a clinical and scientific challenge with increasing interest focused on the combined techniques of gene transfer and tissue engineering. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta(1)) is a multifunctional molecule that plays a central role in promotion of cartilage repair, and inhibition of inflammatory and alloreactive immune response. Cell mediated gene therapy can allow a sustained expression of TGF-beta(1) that may circumvent difficulties associated with growth factor delivery. The objective of this study was to investigate whether TGF-beta(1) gene modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could enhance the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in allogeneic rabbits. The pcDNA(3)-TGF-beta(1) gene transfected MSCs were seeded onto biodegradable poly-L-lysine coated polylactide (PLA) biomimetic scaffolds in vitro and allografted into full-thickness articular cartilage defects in 18 New Zealand rabbits. The pcDNA(3) gene transfected MSCs/biomimetic scaffold composites and the cell-free scaffolds were taken as control groups I and II, respectively. The follow-up times were 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks. Macroscopical, histological and ultrastructural studies were performed. In vitro SEM studies found that abundant cartilaginous matrices were generated and completely covered the interconnected pores of the scaffolds two weeks post-seeding in the experimental groups. In vivo, the quality of regenerated tissue improved over time with hyaline cartilage filling the chondral region and a mixture of trabecular and compact bone filling the subchondral region at 24 weeks post-implantation. Joint repair in the experimental groups was better than that of either control group I or II, with respect to: (1) synthesis of hyaline cartilage specific extracellular matrix at the upper portion of the defect; (2) reconstitution of the subchondral bone at the lower portion of the defect and (3) inhibition of inflammatory and alloreactive immune responses. The transfected MSCs overexpressed their TGF-beta(1) gene products for at least 4 weeks in vivo. The control defects were filled with a mixture of fibrous and fibrocartilaginous tissue. The TGF-beta(1) gene transfected MSCs/poly-L-lysine coated PLA composite allografts used in this study are effective for articular cartilage repair. This novel TGF-beta(1) gene enhanced tissue engineering strategy may be of potential benefit to enhancing the repair of damaged articular cartilage, especially such damage caused by degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.
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Ishihara A, Zachos TA, Bartlett JS, Bertone AL. Evaluation of permissiveness and cytotoxic effects in equine chondrocytes, synovial cells, and stem cells in response to infection with adenovirus 5 vectors for gene delivery. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:1145-55. [PMID: 16817735 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.7.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate host cell permissiveness and cytotoxic effects of recombinant and modified adenoviral vectors in equine chondrocytes, synovial cells, and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMD-MSCs). SAMPLE POPULATION Articular cartilage, synovium, and bone marrow from 15 adult horses. PROCEDURES Equine chondrocytes, synovial cells, and BMD-MSCs and human carcinoma (HeLa) cells were cultured and infected with an E-1-deficient adenovirus vector encoding the beta-galactosidase gene or the green fluorescent protein gene (Ad-GFP) and with a modified E-1-deficient vector with the arg-gly-asp capsid peptide insertion and containing the GFP gene (Ad-RGD-GFP). Percentages of transduced cells, total and transduced cell counts, and cell viability were assessed 2 and 7 days after infection. RESULTS -Permissiveness to adenoviral vector infection was significantly different among cell types and was ranked in decreasing order as follows: HeLa cells > BMD-MSCs > chondrocytes > synovial cells. Morphologic signs of cytotoxicity were evident in HeLa cells but not in equine cells. Numbers of transduced cells decreased by day 7 in all cell types except equine BMD-MSCs. Transduction efficiency was not significantly different between the Ad-GFP and Ad-RGD-GFP vectors. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sufficient gene transfer may be achieved by use of an adenovirus vector in equine cells. High vector doses can be used in equine cells because of relative resistance to cytotoxic effects in those cells. Greater permissiveness and sustained expression of transgenes in BMD-MSCs make them a preferential cell target for gene therapy in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Ishihara
- Comparative Orthopedic Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA
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Saraf A, Mikos AG. Gene delivery strategies for cartilage tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006; 58:592-603. [PMID: 16766079 PMCID: PMC2702530 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a multifaceted technology developed with a purpose of regenerating complex tissues and organs. Cartilage regeneration continues to challenge engineers and a new wave of efforts focus on developing strategies that provide sustained stimulation to cells by growth factors and other biological molecules to promote their differentiation into chondrocytes. Though significant research is dedicated to developing controlled release systems that deliver growth factors directly, a simpler approach to resolving this dilemma involves converting cells into protein producing factories. This is done through gene delivery. Gene Therapy studies published for articular diseases such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis provide valuable information regarding different types of cells, gene delivery vectors and genes that can potentially be used to regenerate cartilage. Tissue engineering approaches provide the opportunity to combine two or more strategies used for Gene Therapy thus far and create a cohesive system that addresses both cartilage degeneration and synthesis simultaneously. Adopting gene transfer techniques for tissue engineering is a relatively novel approach, as non-viral gene delivery vectors are continually optimized for therapeutic purposes, and reservations about viral vectors have increasingly dampened their appeal. However, every element involved in gene transfection (i.e., the cell, vector and gene) is a variable which decides the physiological and biomechanical properties of the cartilage produced, and significant work still needs to be done in understanding the contribution of each of these factors to cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Corresponding author. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS142, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA. Tel.: +1 713 348 5355; fax: +1 713 348 4244. E-mail address: (A.G. Mikos)
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Zhang Y, Cheng X, Wang J, Wang Y, Shi B, Huang C, Yang X, Liu T. Novel chitosan/collagen scaffold containing transforming growth factor-β1 DNA for periodontal tissue engineering. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:362-9. [PMID: 16600180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current rapid progression in tissue engineering and local gene delivery system has enhanced our applications to periodontal tissue engineering. In this study, porous chitosan/collagen scaffolds were prepared through a freeze-drying process, and loaded with plasmid and adenoviral vector encoding human transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). These scaffolds were evaluated in vitro by analysis of microscopic structure, porosity, and cytocompatibility. Human periodontal ligament cells (HPLCs) were seeded in this scaffold, and gene transfection could be traced by green fluorescent protein (GFP). The expression of type I and type III collagen was detected with RT-PCR, and then these scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into athymic mice. Results indicated that the pore diameter of the gene-combined scaffolds was lower than that of pure chitosan/collagen scaffold. The scaffold containing Ad-TGF-beta1 exhibited the highest proliferation rate, and the expression of type I and type III collagen up-regulated in Ad-TGF-beta1 scaffold. After implanted in vivo, EGFP-transfected HPLCs not only proliferated but also recruited surrounding tissue to grow in the scaffold. This study demonstrated the potential of chitosan/collagen scaffold combined Ad-TGF-beta1 as a good substrate candidate in periodontal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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Zhao X, Yu SB, Wu FL, Mao ZB, Yu CL. Transfection of primary chondrocytes using chitosan-pEGFP nanoparticles. J Control Release 2006; 112:223-8. [PMID: 16556468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-pEGFP nanoparticles were synthesized through the complex coacervation of the cationic polymer with pEGFP, in order to examine the potential of chitosan as a non-viral gene delivery vector to transfer exogenous gene into primary chondrocytes for the treatment of joint diseases. The nanoparticles were prepared at an N/P ratio of 3.8 and showed a spherical or irregular shape. The mean particle size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles freshly prepared with chitosan of different molecular weight were in the range of 100-300 nm and varied from +1 to +23 mV, respectively. Both the particle size and the zeta potential altered in DMEM of different pH. The transfection of primary chondrocytes was performed in different conditions by varying pH of transfection medium, molecular weight of chitosan and different plasmid dosage. Analysis of FACS demonstrated that the transfection efficiency could reach a much high level and the percentage of positive cells could exceed 50% in certain condition. These results suggest that chitosan-DNA nanoparticles have favorable characteristics for non-viral gene delivery to primary chondrocytes, and have the potential to deliver therapeutic genes directly into joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- The Department of Pharmaceutics, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC, Wehling P, Robbins PD. Gene therapy with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2217/17460816.1.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim SH, Bianco N, Menon R, Lechman ER, Shufesky WJ, Morelli AE, Robbins PD. Exosomes Derived from Genetically Modified DC Expressing FasL Are Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressive. Mol Ther 2006; 13:289-300. [PMID: 16275099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously have demonstrated the ability of primary murine bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC), genetically modified by adenoviral infection to express FasL, to inhibit progression of established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) following systemic delivery. Here we demonstrate that exosomes derived from genetically modified BM-DC expressing FasL are able to inhibit inflammation in a murine footpad model of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Local administration of exosomes derived from DC expressing FasL (Exo/FasL) as well as the parental DC/FasL resulted in a significant reduction in swelling in both the treated and the untreated distal paw. However, both the DC/FasL and the Exo/FasL were unable to suppress the DTH response in lpr (Fas-deficient) mice. Gene transfer of FasL to BM-DC from gld (FasL-deficient) mice resulted in restoration of the ability of DC as well as DC-derived exosomes to suppress DTH. The ability of DC-derived exosomes and DC to suppress DTH responses was antigen specific and MHC class II dependent, but class I independent. The injected exosomes were found to be internalized into CD11c(+) cells at the site of injection and in the draining popliteal lymph node. Systemic injection of exosome/FasL into mice with established CIA resulted in significant disease amelioration. These results demonstrate that both systemic and local administration of exosomes derived from FasL-expressing DC are able to suppress antigen-specific immune responses through an MHC class II-dependent pathway, resulting in effective and sustained treatment of established collagen-induced arthritis and suppression of the DTH inflammatory response. These results suggest that DC/FasL-derived exosomes could be used clinically for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, USA
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Abstract
Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) appear to share many pathologic features. In this review, the common pathologic mechanisms of these two common chronic conditions are explored. Emerging evidence now suggests a strong relationship between the extent and severity of periodontal disease and RA. While this relationship is unlikely to be causal, it is clear that individuals with advanced RA are more likely to experience more significant periodontal problems compared to their non-RA counterparts, and vice versa. A case is made that these two diseases could be very closely related through common underlying dysfunction of fundamental inflammatory mechanisms. The nature of such dysfunction is still unknown. Nonetheless, there is accruing evidence to support the notion that both conditions manifest as a result of an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As a result, new treatment strategies are expected to emerge for both diseases that may target the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and destructive proteases. The clinical implications of the current data dictate that patients with RA should be carefully screened for their periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Bartold
- Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Smith
- RJS Biomedical Communications, 10405 Toston Lane, Glen Allen, VA 23060, USA.
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Crofford LJ, McDonagh KT, Guo S, Mehta H, Bian H, Petruzelli LM, Roessler BJ. Adenovirus binding to cultured synoviocytes triggers signaling through MAPK pathways and induces expression of cyclooxygenase-2. J Gene Med 2005; 7:288-96. [PMID: 15515144 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant adenovirus can be administered in vivo to achieve transduction of a number of cell types including human synoviocytes. Immunogenicity of adenoviruses has limited their utility as vectors for gene delivery; however, specific mechanisms underlying the acute inflammatory response to adenovirus are not well understood. Activation of a number of signal transduction pathways occurs rapidly upon adenovirus binding to cell-surface receptors. We investigated stimulated expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in human primary synovial fibroblasts to adenovirus expressing the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene. METHODS Cultured rheumatoid synoviocytes were exposed to transduction-competent Ad/RSVlacZ recombinant adenovirus or transduction-incompetent (psoralen/UV-irradiated) Ad/RSVlacZ. The effects on COX-2 expression, PGE(2) levels and MAPK signaling in synoviocytes were assessed using a combination of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification and immunoblotting. RESULTS Adenovirus treatment of synoviocytes increased levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein as well as PGE(2). Psoralen-treated transcriptionally inactive adenovirus was equivalent to untreated adenovirus for early COX-2 induction suggesting that viral genes were not required. Adenovirus treatment stimulated phosphorylation of ERK-1/-2, p38 MAPK, and JNK. Inhibition of the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways inhibited COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that a MAPK-dependent increase in COX-2 results in local prostaglandin production. These findings have clinical implications for use of adenovirus as vectors for in vivo gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC, Herndon JH, Robbins PD. Gene therapy for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2005; 13:230-42. [PMID: 16112980 DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200507000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into the orthopaedic applications of gene therapy has resulted in progress toward managing chronic and acute genetic and nongenetic disorders. Gene therapy for arthritis, the original focus of research, has progressed to the initiation of several phase I clinical trials. Preliminary findings support the application of gene therapy in the treatment of additional chronic conditions, including osteoporosis and aseptic loosening, as well as musculoskeletal tumors. The most rapid progress is likely to be in tissue repair because it requires neither long-term transgene expression nor closely regulated levels of transgene expression. Moreover, healing probably can be achieved with existing technology. In preclinical studies, genetically modulated stimulation of bone healing has shown impressive results in repairing segmental defects in the long bones and cranium and in improving the success of spinal fusions. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that gene transfer can aid the repair of articular cartilage, menisci, intervertebral disks, ligaments, and tendons. These developments have the potential to transform many areas of musculoskeletal care, leading to treatments that are less invasive, more effective, and less expensive than existing modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Evans CH, Robbins PD, Ghivizzani SC, Wasko MC, Tomaino MM, Kang R, Muzzonigro TA, Vogt M, Elder EM, Whiteside TL, Watkins SC, Herndon JH. Gene transfer to human joints: progress toward a gene therapy of arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:8698-703. [PMID: 15939878 PMCID: PMC1150836 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502854102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the clinical application of gene therapy to a nonlethal disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Intraarticular transfer of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) cDNA reduces disease in animal models of RA. Whether this procedure is safe and feasible in humans was addressed in a phase I clinical study involving nine postmenopausal women with advanced RA who required unilateral sialastic implant arthroplasty of the 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Cultures of autologous synovial fibroblasts were established and divided into two. One was transduced with a retrovirus carrying IL-1Ra cDNA; the other provided untransduced, control cells. In a dose escalation, double-blinded fashion, two MCP joints were injected with transduced cells, and two MCP joints received control cells. One week later, injected joints were resected and examined for evidence of successful gene transfer and expression by using RT-PCR, ex vivo production of IL-1Ra, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. All subjects tolerated the protocol well, without adverse events. Unlike control joints, those receiving transduced cells gave positive RT-PCR signals. Synovia that were recovered from the MCP joints of intermediate and high dose subjects produced elevated amounts of IL-1Ra (P = 0.01). Clusters of cells expressing high levels of IL-1Ra were present on synovia of transduced joints. No adverse events occurred. Thus, it is possible to transfer a potentially therapeutic gene safely to human rheumatoid joints and to obtain intraarticular, transgene expression. This conclusion justifies additional efficacy studies and encourages further development of genetic approaches to the treatment of arthritis and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Yang SY, Nasser S, Markel DC, Robbins PD, Wooley PH. Human periprosthetic tissues implanted in severe combined immunodeficient mice respond to gene transfer of a cytokine inhibitor. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005; 87:1088-97. [PMID: 15866974 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.d.02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic tissue formation and local inflammation that are associated with wear debris contribute to the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening of a prosthesis. This study evaluated a retrovirus-mediated gene therapy with use of a novel xenograft-based animal model. METHODS Human periprosthetic tissues obtained from patients during revision arthroplasty performed because of aseptic loosening of a prosthetic joint were transplanted into the left quadriceps and paravertebral muscles of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The engrafted tissues were recovered seven, fifteen, or thirty days after implantation for histological and molecular analyses. The periprosthetic tissues were incubated with retroviruses encoding for human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (hIL-1Ra) or bacteria beta-galactosidase (LacZ) at 37 degrees C for three hours prior to implantation to evaluate their responses to gene modification. RESULTS The human periprosthetic tissues were well accepted in SCID mice for up to thirty days, with angiogenesis occurring in the majority of the implanted tissue sections. The histological appearance was consistent between the recovered graft tissue and the original donor tissue. Strong expression of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6 was detected in the xenografts with use of immunohistochemical stains. Histological analysis revealed that interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene modification significantly decreased the total number of inflammatory cells (p < 0.01) in engrafted human tissue containing implant wear debris. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining showed declining expression levels of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor following interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene transfer in comparison with LacZ-transduced or virus-free controls. CONCLUSIONS Human periprosthetic tissue can survive in the SCID mouse host for up to thirty days and responds to the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene transfer with the amelioration of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-You Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University, University Health Center 7C, 4201 St. Antoine Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Huber LC, Pap T, Müller-Ladner U, Gay RE, Gay S. Gene targeting: roadmap to future therapies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2005; 6:323-5. [PMID: 15355741 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-004-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars C Huber
- WHO Collaborating Center for Molecular Biology and Novel Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Gloriastrasse 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Dietze A, Engesaeter B, Berg K. Transgene delivery and gelonin cytotoxicity enhanced by photochemical internalization in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 4:341-7. [PMID: 15803204 DOI: 10.1039/b416521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if photochemical internalization (PCI) of gelonin can improve the treatment outcome as compared to photodynamic therapy (PDT) and gene transduction of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS)in vitro. For this purpose synovial tissue was obtained under synovectomy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Primary single cell suspensions were treated with the photosensitizer meso-tetraphenylporphine (TPPS2a) and light exposure (PDT) followed by evaluation of the cell survival by flow cytometry. PCI of gelonin was performed on FLS in passages 4 and 5 after removal from patients followed by measurements of protein synthesis 24 h after treatment. Additionally FLS were transduced with an adenovirus encoding the E.coli. lacZ gene and treated with PCI to evaluate the effect on the transduction rate. As a result all the cells in the primary cell suspension were susceptible to PDT but CD 106- (FLS) and CD14-positive (monocytes) cells were more sensitive to inactivation by PDT than CD2- (T-cells) and CD19-positive (B-cells) cells. With respect to protein synthesis FLS became up to 4-fold more sensitive to light when combining the photochemical treatment with the gelonin incubation. The fraction of virally transduced FLS was approximately doubled by means of PCI. In conclusion our experiments showed that PCI increased the cytotoxic effect of gelonin and adenoviral transduction of FLS derived from RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dietze
- Department of Rheumatoid Arthritis Surgery, Betanien Hospital, N-3722, Skien, Norway.
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Abstract
We review progress in the field of orthopaedic gene therapy since the concept of using gene transfer to address orthopaedic problems was initiated approximately 15 years ago. The original target, arthritis, has been the subject of two successful Phase I clinical trials, and additional human studies are pending in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The repair of damaged musculoskeletal tissues also has proved to be a fruitful area of research, and impressive enhancement of bone healing has been achieved in preclinical models. Rapid progress also is being made in the use of gene transfer to improve cartilage repair, ligament healing, and restoration of various additional tissues, including tendon and meniscus. Other applications include intervertebral disc degeneration, aseptic loosening, osteoporosis, genetic diseases, and orthopaedic tumors. Of these various orthopaedic targets of gene therapy, tissue repair is likely to make the earliest clinical impact because it can be achieved with existing technology. Tissue repair may become one of the earliest clinical successes for gene therapy as a whole. Orthopaedics promises to be a leading discipline for the use of human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Evans
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, BL1-152, Boston, MA 02025, USA.
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Chernajovsky Y, Gould DJ, Podhajcer OL. Gene therapy for autoimmune diseases: quo vadis? Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4:800-11. [PMID: 15459671 DOI: 10.1038/nri1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biological therapies using antibodies and cytokines are becoming widespread for the treatment of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. However, these treatments have several limitations - such as expense, the need for repeated injections and unwanted side-effects - that can be overcome by genetic delivery. This review summarizes the ingenuity, sophistication and variety of gene-therapy approaches that have been taken in the design of therapeutic molecules and vectors, the engineering of cells and the regulation of gene expression for the targeting of disease outcome. We focus our attention on multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuti Chernajovsky
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Zhang X, Mao Z, Yu C. Suppression of early experimental osteoarthritis by gene transfer of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-10. J Orthop Res 2004; 22:742-50. [PMID: 15183429 DOI: 10.1016/j.orthres.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy offers a radically different approach to the treatment of arthritis. We demonstrated that cDNA coding for human interleukin-1 receptor-antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) and cDNA coding for human interleukin-10 (IL-10) can be delivered, by ex vivo techniques, to the synovial lining of joints, intra-articular expression of gene significantly reduced cartilage matrix degradation and cartilage breakdown. To achieve this, lapine synoviocytes were first transduced in culture by retroviral infection. The genetically modified synoviocytes were then transplanted by intra-articular injection into the knee joints of OA rabbits, assay of joint lavages confirmed that the gene expression was not lost 14 days after transfer. Knees receiving the IL-1Ra gene had significantly reduced cartilage breakdown. Delivery of the IL-10 gene was less effective, having only a moderate effect on cartilage breakdown. When both genes were injected together, there was a greater inhibition of cartilage breakdown, suggesting that simultaneous gene delivery may be necessary to treat OA by targeting the activities of multiple inflammatory effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Kato K, Miyake K, Igarashi T, Yoshino S, Shimada T. Human immunodeficiency virus vector-mediated intra-articular expression of angiostatin inhibits progression of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Rheumatol Int 2004; 25:522-9. [PMID: 15205911 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-004-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined the feasibility of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vector-mediated local expression of angiostatin in the treatment of murine collagen-induced arthritis in a mouse model generated by immunization with bovine type II collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant. The HIV vector containing the murine angiostatin expression unit (HIV-angiostatin) was injected into right knee joints after arthritis development; the HIV vector containing the enhanced green fluorescein protein (EGFP) marker gene (HIV-EGFP) was injected into the left joints. Quantitative histological evaluation demonstrated that synovial cell hyperplasia and pannus formation were significantly reduced in the right knee joints as determined by this protocol. Suppression of radiographical changes in the ipsilateral paws was also observed. These results indicate that the HIV vector-mediated expression of angiostatin efficiently inhibits the progression of collagen-induced arthritis. Angiostatic gene therapy may provide a new approach to the effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Kato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Evans
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, USA.
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Li Y, Tew SR, Russell AM, Gonzalez KR, Hardingham TE, Hawkins RE. Transduction of Passaged Human Articular Chondrocytes with Adenoviral, Retroviral, and Lentiviral Vectors and the Effects of Enhanced Expression of SOX9. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 10:575-84. [PMID: 15165474 DOI: 10.1089/107632704323061933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes form and maintain the extracellular matrix of cartilage. The cells can be isolated from cartilage for applications such as tissue engineering, but their expansion in monolayer culture causes a progressive loss of chondrogenic phenotype. In this work, we have investigated the isolation of human articular chondrocytes from osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage at joint replacement, their expansion in monolayer culture, and their transduction with adenoviral, retroviral, and lentiviral vectors, using the gene encoding green fluorescent protein as a marker gene. The addition of growth factors (transforming growth factor beta(1), fibroblast growth factor 2, and platelet-derived growth factor BB) during cell culture was found to greatly increase cell proliferation and thereby to selectively enhance the efficiency of transduction with retrovirus. With adenoviral and lentiviral vectors the transduction efficiency achieved was 95 and 85%, respectively. Using growth factor-supplemented medium with a retroviral vector, efficiency in excess of 80% was achieved. The expression was stable for several months with both retrovirus and lentivirus when analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting flow analysis and immunoblotting. Transduction with SOX9 was investigated as a method to reinitiate cartilage matrix gene expression in passaged human OA chondrocytes. Endogenous collagen II expression (both mRNA and protein) was increased in monolayer culture using both adenoviral and retroviral vectors. Furthermore, collagen II gene expression in chondrocytes retrovirally transduced with SOX9 was stimulated by alginate bead culture, whereas in control chondrocytes it was not. These results demonstrated methods for rapid expansion and highly efficient transduction of human OA chondrocytes and the potential for the recovery of key features of chondrocyte phenotype by transduction with SOX9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- UK Centre for Tissue Engineering, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital N Parikh
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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42
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Bloquel C, Bessis N, Boissier MC, Scherman D, Bigey P. Gene Therapy of Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Electrotransfer of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-αSoluble Receptor I Variants. Hum Gene Ther 2004; 15:189-201. [PMID: 14975191 DOI: 10.1089/104303404772679995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrotransfer is a simple and efficient strategy of nonviral gene delivery. We have used this method to deliver plasmids encoding three human tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor I variants (hTNFR-Is) a monomeric hTNFR-Is, a chimeric hTNFR-Is/mIgG1, and a dimeric (hTNFR-Is)(2) form. Electrotransfer parameters were studied and because anti-TNF strategies have proven efficient for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinics, we used a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model to assess the efficacy of our constructs in the treatment of the disease. All proteins were proven bioactive, both in vitro and ex vivo. Plasmid intramuscular electrotransfer in mice resulted in a local expression of the three variants for at least 6 months; systemic expression lasted also more than 6 months for the hTNFR-Is/mIgG1 form, while it was shorter for the two other forms. This expression was plasmid dose-dependent. Electrotransfer of 50 microg of hTNFR-Is/mIgG1 at the onset of a CIA induced a clear-cut decrease in both clinical and histologic signs of the disease; the dimeric form also showed some efficacy. Moreover, the long-lasting protective effect was observed for more than 5 weeks. Comparison of this electrotransfer approach with repeated recombinant protein (etanercept) injections highlighted the potential practical interest of gene therapy approach for CIA, which leads to sustained therapeutic effect after single treatment. These results show that electrotransfer may be a useful method to deliver cytokine or anticytokine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and also illustrate the potentiality of plasmid intramuscular electrotransfer for the rapid screening and assessment of different variant forms of secreted proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/therapy
- Base Sequence
- Collagen
- Dimerization
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrochemistry
- Electroporation/methods
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Bloquel
- UPRES EA-3408 and Service de Rhumatologie, UFR Léonard de Vinci, Université Paris 13 and Hopital Avicenne (AP-HP), 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
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43
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Sautner J, Leeb BF. [Biologicals in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthropathies]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2004; 153:304-8. [PMID: 12924105 DOI: 10.1046/j.1563-258x.2003.03036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing evaluation of the cytokine-cascade and the steadily growing knowledge about cytokine mediated processes seem to open striking therapeutical options in the fields of sepsis, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory joint or bowel diseases via modulation or inhibition of the cytokine-cascade. There is no doubt about the efficacy of the various anticytokine-treatments in the therapy of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. A large number of preclinical and clinical studies forms the scientific basis for these almost widely established therapies. These so-called "biologicals" are fully accepted as disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, equal to or even more potent than the classical substances. On the one hand, these agents are acting as tumor necrosis factor-alpha-blockers, like a chimeric (human/mouse) monoclonal anti-tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-antibody (Infliximab), a recombinant soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor p75 fusion protein (Etanercept), and a fully humanized anti-tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-antibody (Adalimumab); on the other hand a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) is used in clinical practice. Generally these drugs are very well tolerated; the most common adverse events are higher infection rates (including tuberculosis) and injection-site reactions for the subcutaneously administered agents. Of course one should be aware of the possibly elevated risk for malignancies although there is no evidence for that so far, but the observation time since launching of these drugs is considerably short. To conclude, involved physicians should use these new "tools" very carefully and critically, because long-term tolerance and safety is a matter of ongoing investigation and last but not least because of the growing importance of cost effectiveness when using such expensive medications. Above all initiation and monitoring of those therapies should be restricted to rheumatologists
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sautner
- II. Medizinischen Abteilung, NO Zentrum für Rheumatologie, Humanisklinikum Niederösterreich, Landstrasse 18, A-2000 Stockerau
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44
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Abstract
Gene transfer technology has opened novel treatment avenues toward the treatment of damaged musculoskeletal tissues, and may be particularly beneficial to articular cartilage. There is no natural repair mechanism to heal damaged or diseased cartilage. Existing pharmacologic, surgical and cell based treatments may offer temporary relief but are incapable of restoring damaged cartilage to its normal phenotype. Gene transfer provides the capability to achieve sustained, localized presentation of bioactive proteins or gene products to sites of tissue damage. A variety of cDNAs have been cloned which may be used to stimulate biological processes that could improve cartilage healing by (1) inducing mitosis and the synthesis and deposition of cartilage extracellular matrix components by chondrocytes, (2) induction of chondrogenesis by mesenchymal progenitor cells, or (3) inhibiting cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli. The challenge is to adapt this technology into a useful clinical treatment modality. Using different marker genes, the principle of gene delivery to synovium, chondrocytes and mesenchymal progenitor cells has been convincingly demonstrated. Following this, research efforts have begun to move to functional studies. This involves the identification of appropriate gene or gene combinations, incorporation of these cDNAs into appropriate vectors and delivery to specific target cells within the proper biological context to achieve a meaningful therapeutic response. Methods currently being explored range from those as simple as direct delivery of a vector to a cartilage defect, to synthesis of cartilaginous implants through gene-enhanced tissue engineering. Data from recent efficacy studies provide optimism that gene delivery can be harnessed to guide biological processes toward both accelerated and improved articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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45
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the Western world's leading cause of disability. It is incurable, costly and responds poorly to treatment. This review discusses strategies for treating OA by gene therapy. As OA affects a limited number of weight-bearing joints and has no major extra-articular manifestations, it is well suited to local, intra-articular gene therapy. Possible intra-articular sites of gene transfer include the synovium and the cartilage. Most experimental progress has been made with gene transfer to synovium, a tissue amenable to genetic modification by a variety of vectors, using both in vivo and ex vivo protocols. The focus so far has been upon the transfer of genes whose products enhance synthesis of the cartilaginous matrix, or inhibit its breakdown, although there is certainly room for alternative targets. It is possible to build a convincing case implicating interleukin-1 (IL-1) as a key mediator of cartilage loss in OA, and the therapeutic effects of IL-1 receptor anatagonist (IL-1Ra) gene transfer have been confirmed in three different experimental models of OA. As transfer of IL-1Ra cDNA to human arthritic joints has already been accomplished safely, we argue that clinical studies of intra-articular IL-1Ra gene transfer in OA are indicated and should be funded. Of the available vector systems, recombinant adeno-associated virus may provide the best combination of safety with in vivo delivery using current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Evans
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA
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Yang SY, Wu B, Mayton L, Mukherjee P, Robbins PD, Evans CH, Wooley PH. Protective effects of IL-1Ra or vIL-10 gene transfer on a murine model of wear debris-induced osteolysis. Gene Ther 2004; 11:483-91. [PMID: 14724688 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the protective effects of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene transfer on osteolysis provoked by orthopedic biomaterial particles using a murine model of inflammatory bone loss. A section of bone was surgically implanted into an air pouch established on a syngeneic recipient mouse. Inflammation was provoked by introduction of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles into the pouch, and retroviruses encoding for interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (hIL-1Ra), viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10), or LacZ genes were injected. Pouch fluid and tissue were harvested 7 days later for histological and molecular analyses. The results indicated that IL-1Ra or vIL-10 gene transfer significantly inhibited IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression at both mRNA and protein levels. There were significantly lower mRNA expressions of calcitonin receptor and cathepsin K in RNA isolated from hIL-1Ra- or vIL-10-transduced pouches than LacZ-transduced and virus-free controls. Both anti-inflammatory cytokine gene transfers significantly reduced the mRNA expression of M-CSF (70-90%) and RANK (>65%) in comparison with LacZ- and virus-free controls. Histological examination showed that hIL-1Ra or vIL-10 gene transfer dramatically abolished UHMWPE-induced inflammatory cellular infiltration and bone pit erosion compared to LacZ-transduced and virus-free controls. Histochemical staining revealed significantly fewer osteoclast-like cells in samples treated with IL-1Ra or vIL-10 gene transfer. In addition, bone collagen content was markedly preserved in the groups with anti-inflammatory cytokine gene transfers compared with the other two groups. Overall, retrovirus-mediated hIL-1Ra or vIL-10 gene transfer effectively protected against UHMWPE-particle-induced bone resorption, probably due to the inhibition of IL-1/TNF-induced M-CSF production and the consequent osteoclast recruitment and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Kok MR, Baum BJ, Tak PP, Pillemer SR. Use of localised gene transfer to develop new treatment strategies for the salivary component of Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:1038-46. [PMID: 14583564 PMCID: PMC1754372 DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.11.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) might be developed locally by introducing genes encoding cytokines, which are potentially anti-inflammatory, or by introducing a cDNA encoding a soluble form of a key cytokine receptor, which can act as an antagonist and decrease the availability of certain cytokines, such as soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptors. Currently, the preferred choice of viral vector for immunomodulatory gene transfer is recombinant adeno-associated virus. The use of gene transfer to help determine the pathophysiology and to alter the course of the SS-like disease in the NOD mouse model can ultimately lead to the development of new treatments for managing the salivary component in patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kok
- Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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48
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Mercado FB, Marshall RI, Bartold PM. Inter-relationships between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. A review. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30:761-72. [PMID: 12956651 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review considers the considerable similarities between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While the etiology of these two diseases may differ, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are remarkably similar and it is possible that individuals manifesting both periodontitis and RA may suffer from a unifying underlying systemic dysregulation of the inflammatory response. In light of these findings, the implications for the use of disease-modifying medications in the management of these two chronic inflammatory conditions is apparent. Further longitudinal studies and medication-based intervention studies are required to determine just how closely these two conditions are allied.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Mercado
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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49
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Grossin L, Cournil-Henrionnet C, Mir LM, Liagre B, Dumas D, Etienne S, Guingamp C, Netter P, Gillet P. Direct gene transfer into rat articular cartilage by in vivo electroporation. FASEB J 2003; 17:829-35. [PMID: 12724342 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0518com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To establish a system for efficient direct in vivo gene targeting into rat joint, we have evaluated a strategy of gene transfer by means of the delivery of external electric pulses (EP) to the knee after intra-articular injection of a reporter gene (GFP). Rats were killed at various times after the electro gene-therapy to analyze GFP gene expression by immunohistochemistry. GFP staining was detected in the superficial, middle, and deep zones of the patellar cartilage at days 2 and 9, and thereafter only in the deep zone (months 1 and 2). The average percentage of GFP-positive cells was estimated at 30% both one and 2 months after the gene transfer. Moreover, no pathologic change caused by the EP was detected in the cartilage. The level and stability of the long-term GFP expression found in this study demonstrate the feasibility of a treatment of joint disorders (inflammatory or degenerative, focal or diffuse) using electric gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Grossin
- Unité Mixte de Recherches 7561, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Henri Poincaré Nancy 1, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP184, F-54505 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
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50
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Abstract
Gene therapy has been applied in a variety of experimental models of autoimmunity with some success. In this article, we outline recent developments in gene therapy vectors, discuss advantages and disadvantages of each, and highlight their recent applications in autoimmune models. We also consider progress in vector targeting and components for regulating transgene expression, which will both improve gene therapy safety and empower gene therapy to fullfil its potential as a therapeutic modality. In conclusion, we consider candidate vectors that satisfy requirements for application in the principal therapeutic strategies in which gene therapy will be applied to autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gould
- 1Bone & Joint Research Unit, Barts & The London, Queen Mary's Medical School, University of London, London, UK
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