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Schneider K, Arandjelovic S. Apoptotic cell clearance components in inflammatory arthritis. Immunol Rev 2023; 319:142-150. [PMID: 37507355 PMCID: PMC10615714 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the synovial joints that affects ~1% of the human population. Joint swelling and bone erosion, hallmarks of RA, contribute to disability and, sometimes, loss of life. Mechanistically, disease is driven by immune dysregulation characterized by circulating autoantibodies, inflammatory mediators, tissue degradative enzymes, and metabolic dysfunction of resident stromal and recruited immune cells. Cell death by apoptosis has been therapeutically explored in animal models of RA due to the comparisons drawn between synovial hyperplasia and paucity of apoptosis in RA with the malignant transformation of cancer cells. Several efforts to induce cell death have shown benefits in reducing the development and/or severity of the disease. Apoptotic cells are cleared by phagocytes in a process known as efferocytosis, which differs from microbial phagocytosis in its "immuno-silent," or anti-inflammatory, nature. Failures in efferocytosis have been linked to autoimmune disease, whereas administration of apoptotic cells in RA models effectively inhibits inflammatory indices, likely though efferocytosis-mediated resolution-promoting mechanisms. However, the nature of signaling pathways elicited and the molecular identity of clearance mediators in RA are understudied. Furthermore, canonical efferocytosis machinery elements also play important non-canonical functions in homeostasis and pathology. Here, we discuss the roles of efferocytosis machinery components in models of RA and discuss their potential involvement in disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schneider
- University of Virginia, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sanja Arandjelovic
- University of Virginia, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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2
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Bartholf DeWitt S, Hoskinson Plumlee S, Brighton HE, Sivaraj D, Martz E, Zand M, Kumar V, Sheth MU, Floyd W, Spruance JV, Hawkey N, Varghese S, Ruan J, Kirsch DG, Somarelli JA, Alman B, Eward WC. Loss of ATRX promotes aggressive features of osteosarcoma with increased NF-κB signaling and integrin binding. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e151583. [PMID: 36073547 PMCID: PMC9536280 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a lethal disease with few known targeted therapies. Here, we show that decreased ATRX expression is associated with more aggressive tumor cell phenotypes, including increased growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. These phenotypic changes correspond with activation of NF-κB signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling, increased integrin αvβ3 expression, and ETS family transcription factor binding. Here, we characterize these changes in vitro, in vivo, and in a data set of human OS patients. This increased aggression substantially sensitizes ATRX-deficient OS cells to integrin signaling inhibition. Thus, ATRX plays an important tumor-suppression role in OS, and loss of function of this gene may underlie new therapeutic vulnerabilities. The relationship between ATRX expression and integrin binding, NF-κB activation, and ETS family transcription factor binding has not been described in previous studies and may impact the pathophysiology of other diseases with ATRX loss, including other cancers and the ATR-X α thalassemia intellectual disability syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Bartholf DeWitt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Maryam Zand
- Computer Science Department, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Vardhman Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maya U. Sheth
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Warren Floyd
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob V. Spruance
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan Hawkey
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jianhua Ruan
- Computer Science Department, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - David G. Kirsch
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ben Alman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | - William C. Eward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Wang S, Zhang Q, Tiwari SK, Lichinchi G, Yau EH, Hui H, Li W, Furnari F, Rana TM. Integrin αvβ5 Internalizes Zika Virus during Neural Stem Cells Infection and Provides a Promising Target for Antiviral Therapy. Cell Rep 2020; 30:969-983.e4. [PMID: 31956073 PMCID: PMC7293422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform a CRISPR-Cas9 genome-wide screen in glioblastoma stem cells and identify integrin αvβ5 as an internalization factor for Zika virus (ZIKV). Expression of αvβ5 is correlated with ZIKV susceptibility in various cells and tropism in developing human cerebral cortex. A blocking antibody against integrin αvβ5, but not αvβ3, efficiently inhibits ZIKV infection. ZIKV binds to cells but fails to internalize when treated with integrin αvβ5-blocking antibody. αvβ5 directly binds to ZIKV virions and activates focal adhesion kinase, which is required for ZIKV infection. Finally, αvβ5 blocking antibody or two inhibitors, SB273005 and cilengitide, reduces ZIKV infection and alleviates ZIKV-induced pathology in human neural stem cells and in mouse brain. Altogether, our findings identify integrin αvβ5 as an internalization factor for ZIKV, providing a promising therapeutic target, as well as two drug candidates for prophylactic use or treatments for ZIKV infections. Wang et al. show that Zika virus (ZIKV) uses integrin αvβ5 to infect neural stem cells. ZIKV infection can be inhibited by αvβ5 blocking antibody or inhibitors, SB273005 and cilengitide, in human neural stem cells and in mouse brain, providing drug candidates for prophylactic use or treatments for ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gianluigi Lichinchi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edwin H Yau
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hui Hui
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wanyu Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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4
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Song EK, Jeon J, Jang DG, Kim HE, Sim HJ, Kwon KY, Medina-Ruiz S, Jang HJ, Lee AR, Rho JG, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Park CY, Myung K, Kim W, Kwon T, Yang S, Park TJ. ITGBL1 modulates integrin activity to promote cartilage formation and protect against arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/462/eaam7486. [PMID: 30305454 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Developing and mature chondrocytes constantly interact with and remodel the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent research indicates that integrin-ECM interaction is differentially regulated during cartilage formation (chondrogenesis). Integrin signaling is also a key source of the catabolic reactions responsible for joint destruction in both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, we do not understand how chondrocytes dynamically regulate integrin signaling in such an ECM-rich environment. Here, we found that developing chondrocytes express integrin-β-like 1 (Itgbl1) at specific stages, inhibiting integrin signaling and promoting chondrogenesis. Unlike cytosolic integrin inhibitors, ITGBL1 is secreted and physically interacts with integrins to down-regulate activity. We observed that Itgbl1 expression was strongly reduced in the damaged articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Ectopic expression of Itgbl1 protected joint cartilage against OA development in the destabilization of the medial meniscus-induced OA mouse model. Our results reveal ITGBL1 signaling as an underlying mechanism of protection against destructive cartilage disorders and suggest the potential therapeutic utility of targeting ITGBL1 to modulate integrin signaling in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Song
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Sim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Yeong Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sofia Medina-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Gi Rho
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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5
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Fang G, Zhang Q, Pang Y, Thu HE, Hussain Z. Nanomedicines for improved targetability to inflamed synovium for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Multi-functionalization as an emerging strategy to optimize therapeutic efficacy. J Control Release 2019; 303:181-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Morshed A, Abbas AB, Hu J, Xu H. Shedding New Light on The Role of ανβ3 and α5β1 Integrins in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Molecules 2019; 24:E1537. [PMID: 31003546 PMCID: PMC6515208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ανβ3 and α5β1 are essential glycoproteins involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Understanding of the role these integrins play in disease have been analyzed via description of cells-expressing ανβ3 and α5β1 and their mediators to trigger inflammation. ανβ3 and α5β1 facilitate cells-ECM and cell-cell communication, producing pro-inflammatory factors. Pro-inflammatory factors are essential for the building of undesirable new blood vessels termed angiogenesis which can further lead to destruction of bones and joints. Despite many attempts to target these glycoproteins, there are still some problems, therefore, there is still interest in understanding the synergistic role these integrins play in the pathogenesis of RA. The purpose of this review is to gain insights into the biological effects of ανβ3 and α5β1 in synovial tissues that are relevant to pathogenesis and therapy of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Morshed
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Abdul Baset Abbas
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jialiang Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Nanjing Anji Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210046, China.
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7
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Narayan N, Owen DR, Taylor PC. Advances in positron emission tomography for the imaging of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1837-1846. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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8
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Clemente N, Raineri D, Cappellano G, Boggio E, Favero F, Soluri MF, Dianzani C, Comi C, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Osteopontin Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7675437. [PMID: 28097158 PMCID: PMC5206443 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7675437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) regulates the immune response at multiple levels. Physiologically, it regulates the host response to infections by driving T helper (Th) polarization and acting on both innate and adaptive immunity; pathologically, it contributes to the development of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. In some cases, the mechanisms of these effects have been described, but many aspects of the OPN function remain elusive. This is in part ascribable to the fact that OPN is a complex molecule with several posttranslational modifications and it may act as either an immobilized protein of the extracellular matrix or a soluble cytokine or an intracytoplasmic molecule by binding to a wide variety of molecules including crystals of calcium phosphate, several cell surface receptors, and intracytoplasmic molecules. This review describes the OPN structure, isoforms, and functions and its role in regulating the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Biocenter, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Favero
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Soluri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, “A. Avogadro” UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
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9
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Fattori V, Amaral FA, Verri WA. Neutrophils and arthritis: Role in disease and pharmacological perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:84-98. [PMID: 26826283 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in the joint can induce an intense accumulation of leukocytes in the tissue that frequently results in severe local damage and loss of function. Neutrophils are essential cells to combat many pathogens, but their arsenal can contribute or aggravate articular inflammation. Here we summarized some aspects of neutrophil biology, their role in inflammation and indicated how the modulation of neutrophil functions could be useful for the treatment of different forms of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavio A Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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10
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Wang S, Yang J, Wang C, Yang Q, Zhou X. SB-273005, an antagonist of αvβ3 integrin, reduces the production of Th2 cells and cytokine IL-10 in pregnant mice. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1677-1682. [PMID: 24926365 PMCID: PMC4043605 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with complex immunoreactions. In the present study, the effect of SB-273005, an antagonist of αvβ3 integrin, on the alterations of T helper (Th) cells and their derived cytokines that occur during pregnancy was investigated in mice. Five non-pregnant mice were used as a negative control. Mice were impregnated by co-housing females and males at a ratio of 2:1 overnight and pregnancy was confirmed by the appearance of vaginal plugs the following morning. Day 1 (D1) pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=20) and were administered either dimethylsulfoxide (mock treatment) or SB-273005 (3 mg/kg) by gavage at D3, D4 and D5. At D8, the levels of Th1 and Th2 cells and interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 in the spleen and peripheral blood were determined using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancy significantly increased the ratio of Th2:Th1 cells in the spleen compared with that in non-pregnant mice (P<0.01). However, this increase was significantly reduced by SB-273005 (P<0.001). Furthermore, whilst pregnancy decreased Th1 cell-produced IL-2 levels and increased Th2 cell-derived IL-10 levels, SB-273005 reversed both processes (P<0.05 for IL-2; P<0.01 for IL-10). The results from the present study demonstrated that pregnancy induces changes in the spleen, including a reduction of IL-2 and an increase in IL-10 production by Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively, as well as an upregulation of the Th2:Th1 ratio in the spleen. These immunological changes are reversed by SB-273005, indicating an important role for αvβ3 integrin in mediating these immunological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China ; Department of Gynecology, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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11
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Novel strategies for the treatment of chondrosarcomas: targeting integrins. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:396839. [PMID: 24490159 PMCID: PMC3893802 DOI: 10.1155/2013/396839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant bone tumors that are characterized by the production of cartilaginous extracellular matrix. They are the second most frequently occurring type of bone malignancy. Surgical resection remains the primary mode of treatment for chondrosarcomas, since conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy are largely ineffective. Treatment of patients with high-grade chondrosarcomas is particularly challenging, owing to the lack of effective adjuvant therapies. Integrins are cell surface adhesion molecules that regulate a variety of cellular functions. They have been implicated in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Deregulation of integrin expression and/or signaling has been identified in many chondrosarcomas. Therefore, the development of new drugs that can selectively target regulators of integrin gene expression and ligand-integrin signaling might hold great promise for the treatment of these cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of how growth factors, chemokines/cytokines, and other inflammation-related molecules can control the expression of specific integrins to promote cell migration. We also review the roles of specific subtypes of integrins and their signaling mechanisms, and discuss how these might be involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Finally, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting these molecules will be discussed.
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12
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Dalmas Wilk DA, Scicchitano MS, Morel D. In vitro investigation of integrin-receptor antagonist-induced vascular toxicity in the mouse. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:272-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Goswami S. Importance of integrin receptors in the field of pharmaceutical & medical science. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2013.32028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Infusino GA, Jacobson JR. Endothelial FAK as a therapeutic target in disease. Microvasc Res 2011; 83:89-96. [PMID: 22008516 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FA) are important mediators of endothelial cytoskeletal interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) via transmembrane receptors, integrins and integrin-associated intracellular proteins. This communication is essential for a variety of cell processes including EC barrier regulation and is mediated by the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase (FAK). As FA mediate the basic response of EC to a variety of stimuli and FAK is essential to these responses, the idea of targeting EC FAK as a therapeutic strategy for an assortment of diseases is highly promising. In particular, inhibition of FAK could prove beneficial in a variety of cancers via effects on EC proliferation and angiogenesis, in acute lung injury (ALI) via the attenuation of lung vascular permeability, and in rheumatoid arthritis via reductions in synovial angiogenesis. In addition, there are potential therapeutic benefits of FAK inhibition in cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy as well. Several drugs that target EC FAK are now in existence and include agents currently under investigation in preclinical models as well as drugs that are readily available such as the sphingolipid analog FTY720 and statins. As the role of EC FAK in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases continues to be explored and new insights are revealed, drug targeting of FAK will continue to be an important area of investigation and may ultimately lead to highly novel and effective strategies to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Infusino
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Miller CN, Kauffman TG, Cooney PT, Ramseur KR, Brown LM. Comparison of DEXA and QMR for assessing fat and lean body mass in adult rats. Physiol Behav 2010; 103:117-21. [PMID: 21167190 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are several techniques used to measure body composition in experimental models including dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR). DEXA/QMR data have been compared in mice, but have not been compared previously in rats. The goal of this study was to compare DEXA and QMR data in rats. We used rats that varied by sex, diet, and age, in addition we compared dissected samples containing subcutaneous (pelt) or visceral fat (carcass). The data means were compared by focusing on the differences between DEXA/QMR data using a series of scatter plots without assuming that either method is more accurate as suggested by Bland and Altman. DEXA/QMR data did not agree sufficiently in carcass or pelt FM or in pelt LBM. The variation observed within these groups suggests that DEXA and QMR measurements are not comparable. Carcass LBM in young rats did yield comparable data once the data for middle-aged rats was removed. The variation in our data may be a result of different direct and indirect measures that DEXA and QMR technologies use to quantify FM and LBM. DEXA measures FM and estimates fat-free mass. In contrast, QMR uses separate equations of magnetic resonance to measure FM, LBM, total body water and free water. We found that QMR overestimated body mass in our middle-aged rats, and this increased the variation between methods. Our goal was to evaluate the precision of DEXA/QMR data in rats to determine if they agree sufficiently to allow direct comparison of data between methods. However DEXA and QMR did not yield the same estimates of FM or LBM for the majority of our samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette N Miller
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
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16
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Mihaescu A, Santen S, Jeppsson B, Thorlacius H. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling regulates vascular inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction in an experimental model of radiation-induced colitis. Br J Surg 2010; 97:226-34. [PMID: 20034051 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Microvascular injury and epithelial barrier dysfunction are rate-limiting aspects in radiation enteropathy. This study examined the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signalling in radiation-induced colitis in an experimental model. METHODS : The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063 was administered to mice immediately before exposure to 20 Gy radiation. Leucocyte- and platelet-endothelium interactions in the colonic microcirculation were assessed by intravital microscopy. Levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CXC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC)), and albumin leakage were quantified 16 h after irradiation. RESULTS : Irradiation induced an increase in leucocyte and platelet recruitment, MPO activity, CXC chemokine levels and intestinal leakage. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB239063 decreased radiation-induced leucocyte and platelet recruitment (leucocyte rolling and adhesion by 70 and 90 per cent, both P < 0.001; that of platelets by 70 and 74 per cent, both P < 0.001). It also reduced radiation-provoked increases in colonic MPO activity by 88 per cent (P < 0.001), formation of MIP-2 and KC by 72 and 74 per cent respectively (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001), and intestinal leakage by 81 per cent (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION : p38 MAPK is an important signalling pathway in radiation-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mihaescu
- Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. They are involved in stable cell adhesion and migration of cells. In addition, integrin-mediated interactions modulate the response to most, if not all growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble factors. PURPOSE In this review, we briefly explain how integrins can affect the multitude of signal transduction cascades in control of survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Subsequently, we primarily focus on targeting integrins alpha5beta1 and alphanubeta3 in disease and we discuss how antagonists of these integrins, including disintegrins, RGD peptides, small molecules, and function blocking antibodies, may be of therapeutical value either alone or, especially in the treatment of cancer, in combination with existing therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Huveneers
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhou HF, Chan HW, Wickline SA, Lanza GM, Pham CTN. Alphavbeta3-targeted nanotherapy suppresses inflammatory arthritis in mice. FASEB J 2009; 23:2978-85. [PMID: 19376816 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-129874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess whether an alternative treatment approach that targets angiogenesis, delivered through ligand-targeted nanotherapy, would ameliorate inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis was induced using the K/BxN mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. After arthritis was clearly established, mice received three consecutive daily doses of alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles. Control groups received no treatment or alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted nanoparticles without drugs. Disease score and paw thickness were measured daily. Mice that received alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles showed a significantly lower disease activity score (mean score of 1.4+/-0.4; P<0.001) and change in ankle thickness (mean increase of 0.17+/-0.05 mm; P<0.001) 7 d after arthritis induction, whereas the group that received alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted nanoparticles without drugs exhibited a mean arthritic score of 9.0 +/- 0.3 and mean change in ankle thickness of 1.01 +/- 0.09 mm. Meanwhile, the group that received no treatment showed a mean arthritic score of 9.8 +/- 0.5 and mean change in ankle thickness of 1.05 +/- 0.10 mm. Synovial tissues from animals treated with targeted fumagillin nanoparticles also showed significant decrease in inflammation and angiogenesis and preserved proteoglycan integrity. Ligand-targeted nanotherapy to deliver antiangiogenic agents may represent an effective way to treat inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Larsen C, Ostergaard J, Larsen SW, Jensen H, Jacobsen S, Lindegaard C, Andersen PH. Intra-articular depot formulation principles: role in the management of postoperative pain and arthritic disorders. J Pharm Sci 2009; 97:4622-54. [PMID: 18306275 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The joint cavity constitutes a discrete anatomical compartment that allows for local drug action after intra-articular injection. Drug delivery systems providing local prolonged drug action are warranted in the management of postoperative pain and not least arthritic disorders such as osteoarthritis. The present review surveys various themes related to the accomplishment of the correct timing of the events leading to optimal drug action in the joint space over a desired time period. This includes a brief account on (patho)physiological conditions and novel potential drug targets (and their location within the synovial space). Particular emphasis is paid to (i) the potential feasibility of various depot formulation principles for the intra-articular route of administration including their manufacture, drug release characteristics and in vivo fate, and (ii) how release, mass transfer and equilibrium processes may affect the intra-articular residence time and concentration of the active species at the ultimate receptor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Larsen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Abstract
Recent technical developments in high-field magnetic resonance (MR) scanners, improvement in radio frequency coil design and gradient performance along with the development of efficient pulse sequences and new methods of enhancing contrast have made high-quality imaging of animal arthritis models feasible. MR can provide high-resolution structural information about the osteoarthritic changes in animal models, and also information about the biophysical properties of cartilage. This paper reviews the MR techniques available for animal knee imaging, and the various MR-derived readouts of knee osteoarthritis in animal models. Pitfalls in interpreting animal joint anatomy and joint composition are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Jacq L, Garnier S, Dieudé P, Michou L, Pierlot C, Migliorini P, Balsa A, Westhovens R, Barrera P, Alves H, Vaz C, Fernandes M, Pascual-Salcedo D, Bombardieri S, Dequeker J, Radstake TR, Van Riel P, van de Putte L, Lopes-Vaz A, Glikmans E, Barbet S, Lasbleiz S, Lemaire I, Quillet P, Hilliquin P, Teixeira VH, Petit-Teixeira E, Mbarek H, Prum B, Bardin T, Cornélis F. The ITGAV rs3738919-C allele is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in the European Caucasian population: a family-based study. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R63. [PMID: 17615072 PMCID: PMC2206364 DOI: 10.1186/ar2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ3, whose αv subunit is encoded by the ITGAV gene, plays a key role in angiogenesis. Hyperangiogenesis is involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the ITGAV gene is located in 2q31, one of the suggested RA susceptibility loci. Our aim was to test the ITGAV gene for association and linkage to RA in a family-based study from the European Caucasian population. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 100 French Caucasian RA trio families (one RA patient and both parents), 100 other French families and 265 European families available for replication. The genetic analyses for association and linkage were performed using the comparison of allelic frequencies (affected family-based controls), the transmission disequilibrium test, and the genotype relative risk. We observed a significant RA association for the C allele of rs3738919 in the first sample (affected family-based controls, RA index cases 66.5% versus controls 56.7%; P = 0.04). The second sample showed the same trend, and the third sample again showed a significant RA association. When all sets were combined, the association was confirmed (affected family-based controls, RA index cases 64.6% versus controls 58.1%; P = 0.005). The rs3738919-C allele was also linked to RA (transmission disequilibrium test, 56.5% versus50% of transmission; P = 0.009) and the C-allele-containing genotype was more frequent in RA index cases than in controls (RA index cases 372 versus controls 339; P = 0.002, odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–2.9). The rs3738919-C allele of the ITGAV gene is associated with RA in the European Caucasian population, suggesting ITGAV as a new minor RA susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Jacq
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Sophie Garnier
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Philippe Dieudé
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 46 rue Henri Huchart, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Céline Pierlot
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Barrera
- Nijmegen University, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carlos Vaz
- Porto San Joao Hospital, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Jan Dequeker
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Piet Van Riel
- Nijmegen University, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Elodie Glikmans
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Sandra Barbet
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Sandra Lasbleiz
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lemaire
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Patrick Quillet
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Pascal Hilliquin
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Vitor Hugo Teixeira
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabeth Petit-Teixeira
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Bernard Prum
- Laboratoire Statistique et Génome, Genopole, Tour Evry 2, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Thomas Bardin
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - François Cornélis
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, Member of the AutoCure European Consortium, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry-Genopole cedex, France
- Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
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Noguchi M, Kimoto A, Sasamata M, Miyata K. Micro-CT imaging analysis for the effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on inflammatory bone destruction in adjuvant arthritis rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2008; 26:461-8. [PMID: 18758904 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-008-0855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is known to play an important role in the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts. However, the role of COX-1 in bone metabolism has not been well explored. In this study, the bone-conserving effects of COX-2-specific (celecoxib), COX-nonselective (loxoprofen), and COX-1-specific agents (SC-58560) were compared using an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. Arthritis was induced by injecting 50 microl liquid paraffin containing 1 mg Mycobacterium butyricum into the left footpad of Lewis rats. Drugs were given orally twice daily for 10 days beginning 15 days after adjuvant injection. Celecoxib was administered at the rate of 3 mg/kg per day, loxoprofen at 3 mg/kg per day, and SC-58560 at 10 mg/kg per day. The therapeutic effects on 3-D architectural bone changes in the arthritic condition, e.g., the bone volume/total tissue volume ratio and the amount of trabecular bone pattern factor, were determined by analyzing the hindpaw calcaneus of AIA rats using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). In addition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 2-D bone analysis was performed to compare with micro-CT analysis. AIA rats are prone to substantial bone erosion, which allows for significant changes in the 3-D architectural index. This inflammatory bone destruction was suppressed potently by celecoxib, only moderately by loxoprofen, and not at all by SC-58560. These data suggest that COX-2 plays an important role in the inflammatory bone destruction that occurs with rheumatoid arthritis. The results also suggest that COX-2 is more effective than COX-1 at suppressing the destruction of bone associated with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Noguchi
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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23
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Koch AE, Distler O. Vasculopathy and disordered angiogenesis in selected rheumatic diseases: rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9 Suppl 2:S3. [PMID: 17767741 PMCID: PMC2072889 DOI: 10.1186/ar2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, a family of related disorders that includes rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Rheumatoid arthritis is the rheumatic disease in which the role of angiogenesis has been studied most extensively. However, whereas rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by excessive angiogenesis, the situation is not as clear cut in other rheumatic diseases. For example, systemic sclerosis is characterized by reduced capillary density with insufficient angiogenic responses. Results with angiogenesis inhibitors are controversial, and there is – in parallel – a wide range of upregulated angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Dysregulation of angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis is accompanied by other pathogenic processes, including fibrosis, autoimmunity and vasculopathy. Animal models with at least partial features of the vasculopathy observed in systemic sclerosis include wound healing models, graft versus host disease models and, in particular, the University of California at Davis line 200 chicken model of systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa E Koch
- Veterans' Hospital, and the University of Michigan Medical School, Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA.
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24
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Lainer-Carr D, Brahn E. Angiogenesis inhibition as a therapeutic approach for inflammatory synovitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:434-42. [PMID: 17664950 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibition, long studied in the treatment of malignancies, has begun to emerge as a potential therapeutic approach in managing inflammatory arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. The growth of new vessels is required for the development of the rheumatoid pannus, which then leads to extensive synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the best studied mediator of angiogenesis, and several therapies have been developed that specifically target this molecule. Several other angiogenesis mediators, such as the angiopoietin-TIE system, hypoxia inducible factor and integrin alpha(V)beta(3), as well as naturally occurring inhibitors of angiogenesis, are also being investigated as potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, there are a number of drugs, including paclitaxel, 2-methoxyestradiol and fumagillin analogs, that might have a role in inhibiting angiogenesis and, thus, in treating proliferative synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Lainer-Carr
- Rheumatology Fellowship Program, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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25
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Raboisson P, Desjarlais RL, Reed R, Lattanze J, Chaikin M, Manthey CL, Tomczuk BE, Marugán JJ. Identification of novel short chain 4-substituted indoles as potent αvβ3 antagonist using structure-based drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:334-43. [PMID: 17184884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The vitronectin receptor alpha(v)beta(3) has been identified as a promising potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis, diabetic retinopathy and cancer. We have recently reported 5-substituted indoles 3-[5-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]indol-1-yl]-3-(3-pyridyl)propionic acid 3 and 3-[5-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]indol-1-yl]-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propionic acid 4, as an original series of potent alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists with subnanomolar activity. Ligand-protein docking analyses have been performed to generate binding models of three different chemical classes of known alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists with alpha(v)beta(3). Results of this docking study suggested that indoles bearing the basic tetrahydronaphthyridine group at position 4 can easily adopt the correct binding conformation and should be as potent as our current 5-substituted indole leads 3 and 4. This hypothesis was nicely demonstrated by the synthesis of a series of 1,4-disubstituted indoles through a tandem of reactions involving: (i) the N-alkylation of indoles 15 and 22 with propargyl esters and cesium fluoride, and (ii) a Heck coupling reaction between 4-bromoindole and 7-vinyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,8]naphthyridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 12, or (iii) a reductive amination involving the N-substituted-4-aminoindole 23 and the BOC-protected tetrahydro[1,8]naphthyridine aldehyde 13. Among the compounds assayed, 3-(3-pyridyl)-3-[4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)ethyl]indol-1-yl]propionic acid 21 showed the most promising activity on alpha(v)beta(3) (IC(50)=0.5 nM), and was found to have the same potency as our current leads 3 and 4, while maintaining selectivity over alpha(IIb)beta(IIIa). Moreover, based on the reasonable apparent permeability coefficient in an in vitro CACO-2 cell monolayer assay (P(app) apical/basolateral=2.2 x 10(-6)cm/s, P(app) basolateral/apical=2.5 x 10(-6)cm/s), compound 21 is expected to be absorbed through the intestine in human. Thus, 1,4-disubstituted indole 21 represents a new lead for this novel class of conformationally restricted alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists. Additionally, this study validates the pharmacophore model previously postulated and provides an improved basis for further structure-based drug design in the field of alpha(v)beta(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Raboisson
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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26
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Komano Y, Nanki T, Hayashida K, Taniguchi K, Miyasaka N. Identification of a human peripheral blood monocyte subset that differentiates into osteoclasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R152. [PMID: 16987426 PMCID: PMC1779441 DOI: 10.1186/ar2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts causes various diseases such as osteoporosis and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Osteoclasts are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage, but the precise origin remains unclear. In the present study, we show that the purified CD16- human peripheral blood monocyte subset, but not the CD16+ monocyte subset, differentiates into osteoclast by stimulation with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in combination with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Integrin-β3 mRNA and the integrin-αvβ3 heterodimer were only expressed on CD16- monocytes, when they were stimulated with RANKL + M-CSF. Downregulation of β3-subunit expression by small interfering RNA targeting β3 abrogated osteoclastogenesis from the CD16- monocyte subset. In contrast, the CD16+ monocyte subset expressed larger amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 than the CD16- subset, which was further enhanced by RANKL stimulation. Examination of RA synovial tissue showed accumulation of both CD16+ and CD16- macrophages. Our results suggest that peripheral blood monocytes consist of two functionally heterogeneous subsets with distinct responses to RANKL. Osteoclasts seem to originate from CD16- monocytes, and integrin β3 is necessary for osteoclastogenesis. Blockade of accumulation and activation of CD16- monocytes could therefore be a beneficial approach as an anti-bone resorptive therapy, especially for RA.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Humans
- Integrin beta3/genetics
- Integrin beta3/metabolism
- Integrins/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Membrane Proteins
- Monocytes/classification
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoporosis/complications
- Osteoporosis/immunology
- Osteoporosis/pathology
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- RANK Ligand/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Vitronectin/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Komano
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
- The 21st Century Center of Excellence Program for the Frontier Research on Molecular Destruction and Reconstruction of Tooth and Bone, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kenji Hayashida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hoshigaoka Koseinenkin Hospital, Osaka 573-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Taniguchi
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo 130-0022, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
- The 21st Century Center of Excellence Program for the Frontier Research on Molecular Destruction and Reconstruction of Tooth and Bone, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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27
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Nakamura I, Duong LT, Rodan SB, Rodan GA. Involvement of alpha(v)beta3 integrins in osteoclast function. J Bone Miner Metab 2007; 25:337-44. [PMID: 17968485 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-007-0773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that mediate cell-matrix interaction. Osteoclast exhibits high expression of the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, which binds to a variety of extracellular matrix proteins including vitronectin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein. Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides, RGD-mimetics, and blocking antibodies to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin were shown to inhibit bone resorption in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this integrin may play an important role in regulating osteoclast function. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that a number of signaling molecules are involved in the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-dependent signaling pathway, including c-Src, Pyk2, c-Cbl, and p130(Cas). In this article, we review the history of "alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and osteoclasts" and discuss the involvement of alpha(v)beta(3) integrins in osteoclast function at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. A better understanding of the role of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin in osteoclastic bone resorption would provide opportunities for developing new therapeutics to treat human bone diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Yugawara Kosei-nenkin Hospital, 438 Miyakami, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa 259-0314, Japan.
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28
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Goldring MB. Update on the biology of the chondrocyte and new approaches to treating cartilage diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2006; 20:1003-25. [PMID: 16980220 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease that involves degeneration of articular cartilage, limited intraarticular inflammation manifested by synovitis and changes in the subchondral bone. The aetiology of OA is largely unknown, but since it may involve multiple factors, including mechanical, biochemical and genetic factors, it has been difficult to identify unique targets for therapy. Chondrocytes, which are the unique cellular component of adult articular cartilage, are capable of responding to structural changes in the surrounding cartilage matrix. Since the initial stages of OA involve increased cell proliferation and synthesis of matrix proteins, proteinases and cytokines in the cartilage, laboratory investigations have focused on the chondrocyte as a target for therapeutic intervention. The capacity of the adult articular chondrocyte to regenerate the normal cartilage matrix architecture is limited, however, and the damage becomes irreversible unless the destructive process is interrupted. Current pharmacological interventions that address chronic pain are insufficient and no proven disease-modifying therapy is available. Identification of methods for early diagnosis is of key importance, since therapeutic interventions aimed at blocking or reversing structural damage will be more effective when there is the possibility of preserving normal homeostasis. At later stages, cartilage tissue engineering with or without gene therapy with anabolic factors will also require therapy to inhibit inflammation and block damage to newly repaired cartilage. This review will focus on experimental approaches currently under study that may lead to elucidation of effective strategies for therapy in OA, with emphasis on mediators that affect the function of chondrocytes and interactions with surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Goldring
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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29
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Silva MD, Ruan J, Siebert E, Savinainen A, Jaffee B, Schopf L, Chandra S. Application of Surface Roughness Analysis on Micro–Computed Tomographic Images of Bone Erosion: Examples Using a Rodent Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2006.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Silva
- From the Departments of Imaging Sciences, Process Technology, and Inflammation Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Jason Ruan
- From the Departments of Imaging Sciences, Process Technology, and Inflammation Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Elizabeth Siebert
- From the Departments of Imaging Sciences, Process Technology, and Inflammation Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Anneli Savinainen
- From the Departments of Imaging Sciences, Process Technology, and Inflammation Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Bruce Jaffee
- From the Departments of Imaging Sciences, Process Technology, and Inflammation Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Lisa Schopf
- From the Departments of Imaging Sciences, Process Technology, and Inflammation Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Sudeep Chandra
- From the Departments of Imaging Sciences, Process Technology, and Inflammation Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
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30
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Abstract
Cough is an important defensive reflex of the airway and also a common symptom of respiratory disease. Cough after common respiratory virus infection is transient but is more persistent when associated with conditions such as asthma, rhinosinusitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Persistent cough may be due to peripheral and/or central sensitisation of cough reflexes initiated by cough receptors, rapidly adapting receptors or nociceptors. Treatment directed at associated conditions such as asthma (with anti-inflammatories) and gastro-oesophageal reflux (with proton-pump inhibitors) improve cough. There remains a need to use drugs that suppress the neural activity of cough (termed nonspecific), as treatments directed at the clinical cause(s) of the underlying cough (termed specific) may not be effective. The most effective indirect antitussives are opioids such as morphine, codeine or pholcodeine, but they produce side effects such as drowsiness, nausea, constipation and physical dependence. Opioids such as kappa- and delta-receptor agonists, non-opioids such as nociceptin, neurokinin and bradykinin receptor antagonists, cannabinoids, vanilloid receptor-1 antagonists, blockers of Na+-dependent channels, and large conductance Ca2+-dependent K+-channel activators of afferent nerves may represent novel antitussives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College & Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW3, UK.
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31
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Wendt JA, Wu H, Stenmark HG, Boys ML, Downs VL, Penning TD, Chen BB, Wang Y, Duffin T, Finn MB, Keene JL, Engleman VW, Freeman SK, Hanneke ML, Shannon KE, Nickols MA, Steininger CN, Westlin M, Klover JA, Westlin W, Nickols GA, Russell MA. Synthesis of 2,5-thiazole butanoic acids as potent and selective αvβ3 integrin receptor antagonists with improved oral pharmacokinetic properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:845-9. [PMID: 16303301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of 2,5 thiazole containing compounds, which are potent antagonists of the integrin alpha(v)beta3 and show selectivity relative to the other integrins, such as alpha(IIb)beta3 and alpha(v)beta6. These analogs were demonstrated to have high bioavailability relative to other relative heterocyclic analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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32
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Garrood T, Pitzalis C. Targeting the inflamed synovium: The quest for specificity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:1055-60. [PMID: 16575837 DOI: 10.1002/art.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Boys ML, Schretzman LA, Chandrakumar NS, Tollefson MB, Mohler SB, Downs VL, Penning TD, Russell MA, Wendt JA, Chen BB, Stenmark HG, Wu H, Spangler DP, Clare M, Desai BN, Khanna IK, Nguyen MN, Duffin T, Engleman VW, Finn MB, Freeman SK, Hanneke ML, Keene JL, Klover JA, Nickols GA, Nickols MA, Steininger CN, Westlin M, Westlin W, Yu YX, Wang Y, Dalton CR, Norring SA. Convergent, parallel synthesis of a series of beta-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole butanoic acids as potent and selective alpha(v)beta3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:839-44. [PMID: 16298127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, which are potent antagonists of the integrin alpha(v)beta3 and, in addition, show selectivity relative to the other beta3 integrin alpha(IIb)beta3. In whole cells, the majority of these analogs also demonstrated modest selectivity against other alpha(v) integrins such as alpha(v)beta1 and alpha(v)beta6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Boys
- Department of Chemistry, PfizerGlobal Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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34
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Haringman JJ, Oostendorp RL, Tak PP. Targeting cellular adhesion molecules, chemokines and chemokine receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2005; 10:299-310. [PMID: 15934868 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.10.2.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of specific targeted therapies, such as anti-TNF-alpha treatment, for chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, has significantly improved treatment, although not all patients respond. Targeting cellular adhesion molecules and chemokines/chemokine receptors as regulators of the extravasation and migration of leukocytes may provide a novel approach for the treatment of these diseases. Moreover, the possibility of developing small-molecule antagonists offers an excellent method for the oral delivery of compounds with a short half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper J Haringman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology F4-218, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Lainer DT, Brahn E. New antiangiogenic strategies for the treatment of proliferative synovitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:1-17. [PMID: 15709917 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibition, which has been extensively studied for the treatment of various malignancies, is beginning to emerge as a new potential therapy for proliferative synovitis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The rheumatoid pannus, the site of inflammation and joint destruction in the rheumatoid synovium, relies on the development of new vasculature to sustain its growth. A host of mediators have been shown to induce angiogenesis at the site of the inflamed synovium; these include vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, integrin alpha(V)beta3, angiopoietin, prosta-glandin E1 and prostaglandin E2, and matrix metalloproteinases. In addition, hypoxia at the site of synovial inflammation contributes to angiogenesis stimulation. Several naturally-occurring inhibitors exist, such angiostatin and endostatin. There are a number of drugs undergoing study in the treatment of proliferative synovitis, which capitalise on the correlation between angiogenesis inhibition and the reduction of signs and symptoms of RA. Paclitaxel and an anti-integrin alpha(V)beta3 antibody, LM-609, are currently in clinical trials. Other drugs that may inhibit angiogenesis in RA include TNP-470 (formerly called AGM-1470), PPI-2458, PTK-787, bevacizumab and thalidomide. Many of these drugs have shown promise for the treatment of oncologic disorders, and are now being evaluated for the treatment of proliferative synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia T Lainer
- UCLA School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Room 32-59, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA
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36
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Rudin M, Beckmann N, Rausch M. Evaluation of drug candidates: efficacy readouts during lead optimization. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2005; 62:185-255. [PMID: 16329258 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7426-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rudin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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37
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Ghosh S, Santulli RJ, Kinney WA, Decorte BL, Liu L, Lewis JM, Proost JC, Leo GC, Masucci J, Hageman WE, Thompson AS, Chen I, Kawahama R, Tuman RW, Galemmo RA, Johnson DL, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline-containing αVβ3 integrin antagonists with enhanced oral bioavailability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5937-41. [PMID: 15501072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the quinoline ring in an alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist yielded a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative as two diastereomers, the four isomers of which were separated by sequential chiral HPLC. Two isomers had significant alpha(V)beta(3) antagonist activity with improved oral bioavailability, relative to the corresponding quinoline derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamali Ghosh
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
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38
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Silva MD, Savinainen A, Kapadia R, Ruan J, Siebert E, Avitahl N, Mosher R, Anderson K, Jaffee B, Schopf L, Chandra S. Quantitative Analysis of Micro-CT Imaging and Histopathological Signatures of Experimental Arthritis in Rats. Mol Imaging 2004; 3:312-8. [PMID: 15802047 DOI: 10.1162/15353500200404136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) imaging provides a unique opportunity to capture 3-D architectural information in bone samples. In this study of pathological joint changes in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA), quantitative analysis of bone volume and roughness were performed by micro-CT imaging and compared with histopathology methods and paw swelling measurement. Micro-CT imaging of excised rat hind paws (n = 10) stored in formalin consisted of approximately 600 30-mum slices acquired on a 512 x 512 image matrix with isotropic resolution. Following imaging, the joints were scored from H&E stained sections for cartilage/bone erosion, pannus development, inflammation, and synovial hyperplasia. From micro-CT images, quantitative analysis of absolute bone volumes and bone roughness was performed. Bone erosion in the rat AA model is substantial, leading to a significant decline in tarsal volume (27%). The result of the custom bone roughness measurement indicated a 55% increase in surface roughness. Histological and paw volume analyses also demonstrated severe arthritic disease as compared to controls. Statistical analyses indicate correlations among bone volume, roughness, histology, and paw volume. These data demonstrate that the destructive progression of disease in a rat AA model can be quantified using 3-D micro-CT image analysis, which allows assessment of arthritic disease status and efficacy of experimental therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Silva
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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39
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De Corte BL, Kinney WA, Liu L, Ghosh S, Brunner L, Hoekstra WJ, Santulli RJ, Tuman RW, Baker J, Burns C, Proost JC, Tounge BA, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE, Johnson DL, Galemmo RA. Piperidine-containing β-arylpropionic acids as potent antagonists of αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5227-32. [PMID: 15380233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR of a new class of piperidine-based alphavbeta3/alphavbeta5 integrin antagonists is described. Replacement of an amide bond in a prototype isonipecotamide by a C-C isostere, and adjustment of the spacer length between the carboxylic acid and basic moieties, led to low nanomolar antagonists of alphavbeta3 and/or alphavbeta5 integrins with excellent selectivity versus alpha(IIb)beta3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart L De Corte
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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40
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Chen LX, Clayburne G, Schumacher HR. Update on identification of pathogenic crystals in joint fluid. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2004; 6:217-20. [PMID: 15134601 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-004-0071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Crystal identification in joint fluid has been an essential part of diagnosis of joint disease. Recent advances have included progress in crystal identification on stained slides, attention to aspiration techniques, and arthrocenteses of asymptomatic joints. Challenges remain to increase use and optimize techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan X Chen
- VA Medical Center, 151K, University and Woodland Avenues, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Penning TD, Russell MA, Chen BB, Chen HY, Desai BN, Docter SH, Edwards DJ, Gesicki GJ, Liang CD, Malecha JW, Yu SS, Engleman VW, Freeman SK, Hanneke ML, Shannon KE, Westlin MM, Nickols GA. Synthesis of cinnamic acids and related isosteres as potent and selective αvβ3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1471-6. [PMID: 15006384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 01/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of conformationally-restricted cinnamic acid peptidomimetics as well as several cinnamic acid isosteres, including 3-phenylpropionic acids, 2-amino-3-phenylpropionic acids, phenoxyacetic acids and 2-phenylcyclopropylcarboxylic acids. Several analogues demonstrated low to sub-nanomolar potencies against alpha(v)beta(3) and greater than 200-fold selectivity against the other beta(3) integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3). In whole 293 cells, many of these analogues also showed modest selectivity against other alpha(v) integrins such as alpha(v)beta(1) and alpha(v)beta(5). These compounds were synthesized from readily available starting materials using either Heck or Mitsunobu coupling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Penning
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research & Development, 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, IL 60077, USA.
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42
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O'Gradaigh D, Compston JE. T-cell involvement in osteoclast biology: implications for rheumatoid bone erosion. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43:122-30. [PMID: 12867576 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D O'Gradaigh
- Bone Research Group, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Koch
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Veteran's Administration Chicago Healthcare System, Lakeside Division, IL 60611, USA.
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44
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Abstract
A molecular model of the alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin has been developed utilizing (i). the crystal structure of alpha(v)beta(3), (ii). homology model of the alpha(IIb) subdomain, and (iii). the docking of alpha(IIb)beta(3)/alpha(v)beta(3) dual and selective inhibitors into the putative binding sites of alpha(IIb)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(3). Since the binding sites of these integrins are located at the interface between the two heads of the individual subunits, only the alpha(IIb)beta(3) head region is modeled. The 3D conformations of two loops in alpha(IIb), whose residues have been implicated in non-peptide ligand binding, could not be determined from homology with alpha(v) alone. Mutagenesis data and the modeling of small ligand binding contributed to the rational design of these loop conformations. The final energy minimized loop conformations exhibit permissible phi/psi angles and contribute to a binding site model of alpha(IIb)beta(3) that is consistent with both the known mutagenesis studies and in-house structure-activity relationships. The charged residues alpha(IIb):E117 and beta(3):R214 are found to dominate the ligand-protein binding interaction. The previously identified "exosite" is also identified as a hydrogen bond, hydrophobic or pi-pi interaction with Y190, similar to the recently proposed binding model of alpha(v)beta(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Feuston
- Departments of Molecular Systems and Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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45
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Perez-Ruiz F, Nolla JM. Influence of Leflunomide on Renal Handling of Urate and Phosphate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2003; 9:215-8. [PMID: 17041461 DOI: 10.1097/01.rhu.0000081470.31167.8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of serum urate and phosphate levels has been observed in patients receiving leflunomide therapy, but the mechanism for such changes has not been evaluated. Thirty-eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis who began leflunomide were studied. Serum urate, creatinine, and phosphate, and 24-hour uric acid, creatinine, and phosphate were measured before, during, and in some instances after leflunomide treatment. Clearances of urate and creatinine, fractional excretion of urate, and tubular reabsorption of phosphate were calculated. Undissociated urinary uric acid was estimated with a nomogram. Twelve patients gave consent to withdraw leflunomide treatment of a 2-week period and underwent a third study. Decreases in serum urate and phosphate levels were observed, with parallel increases in clearances of urate and in fractional excretion of urate, and a reduction in tubular reabsorption of phosphate. Clearances of creatinine and undissociated urinary uric acid remained unchanged. Two weeks after withdrawing the drug, a partial return toward baseline values was observed, but residual changes were apparent. No case of clinical gout was observed. Leflunomide enhances urate and phosphate loss, an effect that partially persisted after 2-week withdrawal. The long-term effect of mild phosphate wasting warrants further investigation. The urate-lowering effect of leflunomide may be useful in monitoring compliance in leflunomide therapy.
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46
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Yamamoto N, Sakai F, Kon S, Morimoto J, Kimura C, Yamazaki H, Okazaki I, Seki N, Fujii T, Uede T. Essential role of the cryptic epitope SLAYGLR within osteopontin in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:181-8. [PMID: 12865407 PMCID: PMC164290 DOI: 10.1172/jci17778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that osteopontin (OPN) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the molecular mechanism of OPN action is yet to be elucidated. Splenic monocytes obtained from arthritic mice exhibited a significant capacity for cell migration toward thrombin-cleaved OPN but not toward full-length OPN. Migratory monocytes expressed alpha9 and alpha4 integrins. Since cleavage of OPN by thrombin exposes the cryptic epitope recognized by alpha9 and alpha4 integrins, we investigated the role of the cryptic epitope SLAYGLR in a murine RA model by using a specific antibody (M5) reacting to SLAYGLR sequence. The M5 antibody could abrogate monocyte migration toward the thrombin-cleaved form of OPN. Importantly, M5 antibody could inhibit the proliferation of synovium, bone erosion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in arthritic joints. Thus, we demonstrated that a cryptic epitope, the SLAYGLR sequence of murine OPN, is critically involved in the pathogenesis of a murine model of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuchika Yamamoto
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co, Ibaraki, Japan.
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47
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Abstract
Recent years have seen considerable advances in our understanding of both the clinical and basic-research aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical progress has come from a better recognition of the natural history of the disease, the development and validation of outcome measures for clinical trials and, consequently, innovative trial designs. In parallel, basic research has provided clues to the pathogenic events underlying rheumatoid arthritis, and advances in biotechnology have facilitated the development of new classes of therapeutics. Here, we summarize the fruits of these advances: innovative approaches to the use of existing, traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; novel agents approved very recently; and further avenues that are presently under investigation or which are of more distant promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Austria.
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48
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Rader C, Sinha SC, Popkov M, Lerner RA, Barbas CF. Chemically programmed monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy: adaptor immunotherapy based on a covalent antibody catalyst. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:5396-400. [PMID: 12702756 PMCID: PMC154356 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0931308100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proposing that a blend of the chemical diversity of small synthetic molecules with the immunological characteristics of the antibody molecule will lead to therapeutic agents with superior properties, we here present a device that equips small synthetic molecules with both effector function and long serum half-life of a generic antibody molecule. As a prototype, we developed a targeting device that is based on the formation of a covalent bond of defined stoichiometry between a 1,3-diketone derivative of an integrin alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) targeting Arg-Gly-Asp peptidomimetic and the reactive lysine of aldolase antibody 38C2. The resulting complex was shown to (i) spontaneously assemble in vitro and in vivo, (ii) selectively retarget antibody 38C2 to the surface of cells expressing integrins alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5), (iii) dramatically increase the circulatory half-life of the Arg-Gly-Asp peptidomimetic, and (iv) effectively reduce tumor growth in animal models of human Kaposi's sarcoma and colon cancer. This immunotherapeutic has the potential to target a variety of human cancers, acting on both the vasculature that supports tumor growth as well as the tumor cells themselves. Further, by use of a generic antibody molecule that forms a covalent bond with a 1,3-diketone functionality, essentially any compound can be turned into an immunotherapeutic agent thereby not only increasing the diversity space that can be accessed but also multiplying the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rader
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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49
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Kling A, Backfisch G, Delzer J, Geneste H, Graef C, Hornberger W, Lange UEW, Lauterbach A, Seitz W, Subkowski T. Design and synthesis of 1,5- and 2,5-substituted tetrahydrobenzazepinones as novel potent and selective integrin alphaVbeta3 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1319-41. [PMID: 12628659 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of novel integrin alpha(V)beta(3) antagonists based on a 1,5- or 2,5-substituted tetrahydrobenzaezpinone core is described. In vitro activity of respective compounds was determined via alpha(V)beta(3) binding assay, and selected derivatives were submitted to further characterization in functional cellular assays. SAR was obtained by modification of the benzazepinone core, variation of the spacer linking guanidine moiety and core, and modification of the guanidine mimetic. These efforts led to the identification of novel alpha(V)beta(3) inhibitors displaying potency in the subnanomolar range, selectivity versus alpha(IIb)beta(3) and functional efficacy in relevant cellular assays. A method for the preparation of enantiomerically pure derivatives was developed, and respective enantiomers evaluated in vitro. Compounds 31 and 37 were assessed for metabolic stability, resorption in the Caco-2 assay and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kling
- Neuroscience, Medicinal Chemistry, Abbott GmbH and Co KG, Discovery Research, D-67008, PO Box 210805, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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50
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Feuston BP, Culberson JC, Duggan ME, Hartman GD, Leu CT, Rodan SB. Binding model for nonpeptide antagonists of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. J Med Chem 2002; 45:5640-8. [PMID: 12477347 DOI: 10.1021/jm0203130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A binding model for nonpeptide antagonists of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) has been developed through docking analyses utilizing the MMFFs force field and the recently published crystal structure, 1JV2. Results of this docking study have led to the identification of a novel binding model for selective antagonists of alpha(v)beta(3) over alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrins. Four different chemical classes are shown to bind in a similar fashion providing a measure of confidence in the proposed model. All alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(IIb)beta(3) antagonists have a basic nitrogen separated some distance from a carboxylic acid to mimic RGD. For the alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists under present consideration, these charged ends are separated by twelve bonds. The basic nitrogen of the active alpha(v)beta(3) ligands are shown to interact with D150 of alpha(v) and the ligands' carboxylic acid interact with R214 of beta(3) while adopting an extended conformation with minimal protein induced internal strain. In addition, an energetically favorable interaction is found with all of the active alpha(v)beta(3) molecules with Y178 of alpha(v) when docked to the crystallographically determined structure. This novel interaction may be characterized as pi-pi stacking for the most active of the alpha(v)beta(3) selective antagonists. The proposed model is consistent with observed activity as well as mutagenicity and photoaffinity cross-linking studies of the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Feuston
- Department of Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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