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Yang B, Ma J, Yang W, Qu C, Li B, Xu M, Gao Y, Xu Q. MEK homologue is involved in immune response by regulating antimicrobial peptides expression in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 137:104527. [PMID: 36058384 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MEK activates the phosphorylation of downstream molecules involved in various immune responses. In this study, an MEK homologue gene in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (designated as EsMEK) was investigated. EsMEK mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues with higher expression in hepatopancreas, hemocytes, and gills. EsMEK protein was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge significantly increased the mRNA levels of EsMEK in hemocytes. In addition, the mRNA expression level of some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including EsWAP, EsDWD1, and EsALF decreased significantly due to the inhibition of EsMEK by specific dsRNA in LPS-challenged crabs. Downstream pathway analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of EsERK decreased prominently after EsMEK inhibition. These results suggested that EsMEK played an important role in regulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides in E. sinensis through MEK-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Mei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yujia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Halimani N, Nesterchuk M, Andreichenko IN, Tsitrina AA, Elchaninov A, Lokhonina A, Fatkhudinov T, Dashenkova NO, Brezgina V, Zatsepin TS, Mikaelyan AS, Kotelevtsev YV. Phenotypic Alteration of BMDM In Vitro Using Small Interfering RNA. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162498. [PMID: 36010574 PMCID: PMC9406732 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous macrophage transfer is an emerging platform for cell therapy. It is anticipated that conventional macrophage reprogramming based on ex vivo polarization using cytokines and ligands of TLRs may enhance the therapeutic effect. We describe an alternative approach based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of selected molecular cues of macrophage polarization, namely EGR2, IRF3, IRF5, and TLR4 in Raw264.7 monocyte/macrophage cell line and mouse-bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The impact of IRF5 knockdown was most pronounced, curtailing the expression of other inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and NOS2, especially in M1-polarized macrophages. Contrary to IRF5, EGR2 knockdown potentiated M1-associated markers while altogether abolishing M2 marker expression, which is indicative of the principal role of EGR2 in the maintenance of alternative phenotypes. IRF3 knockdown suppressed M1 polarization but upregulated Arg 1, a canonical marker of alternative polarization in M1 macrophages. As anticipated, the knockdown of TLR4 also attenuated the M1 phenotype but, akin to IRF3, significantly induced Arginase 1 in M0 and M1, driving the phenotype towards M2. This study validates RNAi as a viable option for the alteration and maintenance of macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Halimani
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Mikhail Nesterchuk
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Irina N. Andreichenko
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Tsitrina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Histology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasia Lokhonina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Department of Histology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Nataliya O. Dashenkova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Vera Brezgina
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Timofei S. Zatsepin
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Arsen S. Mikaelyan
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Kotelevtsev
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143025, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (Y.V.K.)
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Zhang YG, Chen HW, Zhang HX, Wang K, Su J, Chen YR, Wang XR, Fu ZF, Cui M. EGFR Activation Impairs Antiviral Activity of Interferon Signaling in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894356. [PMID: 35847084 PMCID: PMC9279666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is thought to be a critical step to induce viral encephalitis with compromised blood–brain barrier (BBB), and the mechanisms involved in this process are not completely understood. In this study, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is related to JEV escape from interferon-related host innate immunity based on a STRING analysis of JEV-infected primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and mouse brain. At the early phase of the infection processes, JEV induced the phosphorylation of EGFR. In JEV-infected hBMECs, a rapid internalization of EGFR that co-localizes with the endosomal marker EEA1 occurred. Using specific inhibitors to block EGFR, reduced production of viral particles was observed. Similar results were also found in an EGFR-KO hBMEC cell line. Even though the process of viral infection in attachment and entry was not noticeably influenced, the induction of IFNs in EGFR-KO hBMECs was significantly increased, which may account for the decreased viral production. Further investigation demonstrated that EGFR downstream cascade ERK, but not STAT3, was involved in the antiviral effect of IFNs, and a lowered viral yield was observed by utilizing the specific inhibitor of ERK. Taken together, the results revealed that JEV induces EGFR activation, leading to a suppression of interferon signaling and promotion of viral replication, which could provide a potential target for future therapies for the JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Min Cui
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