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Bézard M, Zaroui A, Kharoubi M, Lam F, Poullot E, Teiger E, Agbulut O, Damy T, Kordeli E. Internalisation of immunoglobulin light chains by cardiomyocytes in AL amyloidosis: what can biopsies tell us? Amyloid 2024; 31:209-219. [PMID: 38973117 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2024.2373748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac involvement in systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) leads to chronic heart failure and is a major prognosis factor. Severe cellular defects are provoked in cardiac cells by tissue-deposited amyloid fibrils of misfolded free immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) and their prefibrillar oligomeric precursors. OBJECTIVE Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind cardiac cell cytotoxicity is necessary to progress in therapy and to improve patient management. One key question is how extracellularly deposited molecules exert their toxic action inside cardiac cells. Here we searched for direct evidence of amyloid LC uptake by cardiomyocytes in patient biopsies. METHODS We immunolocalized LCs in cardiac biopsies from four AL cardiac amyloidosis patients and analysed histopathological images by high resolution confocal microscopy and 3D image reconstruction. RESULTS We show, for the first time directly in patient tissue, the presence of LCs inside cardiomyocytes, and report their proximity to nuclei and to caveolin-3-rich areas. Our observations point to macropinocytosis as a probable mechanism of LC uptake. CONCLUSIONS Internalisation of LCs occurs in patient cardiomyocytes. This event could have important consequences for the pathogenesis of the cardiac disease by enabling interactions between amyloid molecules and cellular organelles inducing specific signalling pathways, and might bring new insight regarding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bézard
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris-France
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Amira Zaroui
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - France Lam
- Sorbonne Université, I2PS, Imaging Core Facility, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Paris-France
| | - Elsa Poullot
- Department of Anatomopathology, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris-France
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology and French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Ekaterini Kordeli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris-France
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Ullm F, Renner A, Freudenberg U, Werner C, Pompe T. The Influence of Sulfation Degree of Glycosaminoglycan-Functionalized 3D Collagen I Networks on Cytokine Profiles of In Vitro Macrophage-Fibroblast Cocultures. Gels 2024; 10:450. [PMID: 39057473 PMCID: PMC11276094 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions between fibroblasts and immune cells, like macrophages, are influenced by interaction with the surrounding extracellular matrix during wound healing. In vitro hydrogel models that mimic and modulate these interactions, especially of soluble mediators like cytokines, may allow for a more detailed investigation of immunomodulatory processes. In the present study, a biomimetic extracellular matrix model based on fibrillar 3D collagen I networks with a functionalization with heparin or 6-ON-desulfated heparin, as mimics of naturally occurring heparan sulfate, was developed to modulate cytokine binding effects with the hydrogel matrix. The constitution and microstructure of the collagen I network were found to be stable throughout the 7-day culture period. A coculture study of primary human fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and M-CSF-stimulated macrophages was used to show its applicability to simulate processes of progressed wound healing. The quantification of secreted cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-6, FGF-2) in the cell culture supernatant demonstrated the differential impact of glycosaminoglycan functionalization of the collagen I network. Most prominently, IL-6 and FGF-2 were shown to be regulated by the cell culture condition and network constitution, indicating changes in paracrine and autocrine cell-cell communication of the fibroblast-macrophage coculture. From this perspective, we consider our newly established in vitro hydrogel model suitable for mechanistic coculture analyses of primary human cells to unravel the role of extracellular matrix factors in key events of tissue regeneration and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ullm
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.U.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexander Renner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.U.); (A.R.)
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (U.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Carsten Werner
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (U.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.U.); (A.R.)
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (U.F.); (C.W.)
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3
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Li H, Zhang J, Tan M, Yin Y, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yan L, Li N, Zhang X, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. Exosomes based strategies for cardiovascular diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122544. [PMID: 38579591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), are secreted by all types of cells to facilitate intercellular communication in living organisms. After being taken up by neighboring or distant cells, exosomes can alter the expression levels of target genes in recipient cells and thereby affect their pathophysiological outcomes depending on payloads encapsulated therein. The functions and mechanisms of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have attracted much attention in recent years and are thought to have cardioprotective and regenerative potential. This review summarizes the biogenesis and molecular contents of exosomes and details the roles played by exosomes released from various cells in the progression and recovery of cardiovascular disease. The review also discusses the current status of traditional exosomes in cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, pointing out several limitations in their application. It emphasizes that some of the existing emerging industrial or bioengineering technologies are promising to compensate for these shortcomings, and the combined application of exosomes and biomaterials provides an opportunity for mutual enhancement of their performance. The integration of exosome-based cell-free diagnostic and therapeutic options will contribute to the further development of cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Cardiovascular Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, PR China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
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Almusallam N, Alonazi A, Dayel AB, Almubarak A, Ali R, Althakfi W, Ali R, Alrasheed N. Antifibrotic effect of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A740003 against acute myocardial infarction-induced fibrotic remodelling. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102102. [PMID: 39035363 PMCID: PMC11258548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) fibrosis is a pathophysiologic process characterised by activation of the profibrotic mediator, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). AMI is associated with a substantial increase in the levels of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP), which acts on the purinergic P2X7-receptor (P2X7-R) and triggers an inflammatory response that contributes to myocardial fibrotic remodelling. P2X7-R has been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases; however, its role in the regulation of cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effect of the P2X7-R antagonist, A740003, on post-AMI fibrosis, via the profibrotic TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway, and elucidate whether its effect is mediated via the modulation of GSK-3β. AMI was induced by surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, Thereafter, animals were divided into groups: sham control, MI-untreated, MI-vehicle, and MI-A740003 (50 mg/kg/day) and treated for seven days accordingly. The heart weight/body weight ratio of untreated-ligated rats significantly increased by 15.1 %, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) significantly increased by 40 %, troponin-I levels significantly increased by 25.4 %, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased by 47.2 %, indicating myocardial damage confirmed by morphological changes and massive cardiac fibrosis. The protein expression of cardiac fibronectin, TGF-β1, and p-Smad2 were also upregulated by 143 %, 40 %, and 8 %, respectively, indicating cardiac fibrosis. The treatment of ligated rats with A740003 led to improvement in all the above-mentioned parameters. Overall, A740003 exhibits potential cardio-protective effects on post-AMI fibrotic remodelling in the animal model of AMI through P2X7-R blockade, possibly by downregulating the profibrotic TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway and restoring GSK-3β phosphorylation. Altogether, treatment with A740003 could serve as a new cardioprotective strategy to attenuate post-AMI fibrotic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Almusallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11196, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alonazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anfal Bin Dayel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almubarak
- Experimental Surgery and Animal Laboratory, Prince Naif Bin Abdul Aziz Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajd Althakfi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, KSUMC, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Patil M, Singh S, Dubey PK, Tousif S, Umbarkar P, Zhang Q, Lal H, Sewell-Loftin MK, Umeshappa CS, Ghebre YT, Pogwizd S, Zhang J, Krishnamurthy P. Fibroblast-Specific Depletion of Human Antigen R Alleviates Myocardial Fibrosis Induced by Cardiac Stress. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:754-770. [PMID: 39070272 PMCID: PMC11282885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis can be mitigated by limiting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation. Human antigen R (HuR) modulates messenger RNA stability and expression of multiple genes. However, the direct role of cardiac myofibroblast HuR is unknown. Myofibroblast-specific deletion of HuR limited cardiac fibrosis and preserved cardiac functions in pressure overload injury. Knockdown of HuR in transforming growth factor-β1-treated cardiac fibroblasts suppressed myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation. HuR deletion abrogated the expression and messenger RNA stability of cyclins D1 and A2, suggesting a potential mechanism by which HuR promotes myofibroblast proliferation. Overall, these data suggest that inhibition of HuR could be a potential therapeutic approach to limit cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarojini Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Yohannes T. Ghebre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Steven Pogwizd
- Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Masuda A, Kurashina Y, Tani H, Soma Y, Muramatsu J, Itai S, Tohyama S, Onoe H. Maturation of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiac Microfiber with Electrical Stimulation Device. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303477. [PMID: 38768494 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Here an electrical stimulation system is described for maturing microfiber-shaped cardiac tissue (cardiac microfibers, CMFs). The system enables stable culturing of CMFs with electrical stimulation by placing the tissue between electrodes. The electrical stimulation device provides an electric field covering whole CMFs within the stimulation area and can control the beating of the cardiac microfibers. In addition, CMFs under electrical stimulation with different frequencies are examined to evaluate the maturation levels by their sarcomere lengths, electrophysiological characteristics, and gene expression. Sarcomere elongation (14% increase compared to control) is observed at day 10, and a significant upregulation of electrodynamic properties such as gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1) and potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2 (KCNJ2) (maximum fourfold increase compared to control) is observed at day 30. These results suggest that electrically stimulated cultures can accelerate the maturation of microfiber-shaped cardiac tissues compared to those without electrical stimulation. This model will contribute to the pathological research of unexplained cardiac diseases and pharmacologic testing by stably constructing matured CMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Masuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuta Kurashina
- Division of Advanced Mechanical Systems Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Fujita Health University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 144-0041, Japan
| | - Yusuke Soma
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Fujita Health University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 144-0041, Japan
| | - Jumpei Muramatsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shun Itai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
- Division of Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Fujita Health University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 144-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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7
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Yao J, Chen Y, Huang Y, Sun X, Shi X. The role of cardiac microenvironment in cardiovascular diseases: implications for therapy. Hum Cell 2024; 37:607-624. [PMID: 38498133 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to aging populations and changes in lifestyle, cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, are the leading causes of death worldwide. The heart is a complicated organ composed of multicellular types, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. Cellular specialization and complex interplay between different cell types are crucial for the cardiac tissue homeostasis and coordinated function of the heart. Mounting studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional cells and disordered cardiac microenvironment are closely associated with the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we discuss the composition and the homeostasis of cardiac tissues, and focus on the role of cardiac environment and underlying molecular mechanisms in various cardiovascular diseases. Besides, we elucidate the novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases, including stem cell therapy and targeted therapy. Clarification of these issues may provide novel insights into the prevention and potential targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xingjuan Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Vijayakumar A, Wang M, Kailasam S. The Senescent Heart-"Age Doth Wither Its Infinite Variety". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3581. [PMID: 38612393 PMCID: PMC11011282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. While many factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors can predispose to cardiovascular diseases, the natural process of aging is by itself a major determinant of the risk. Cardiac aging is marked by a conglomerate of cellular and molecular changes, exacerbated by age-driven decline in cardiac regeneration capacity. Although the phenotypes of cardiac aging are well characterised, the underlying molecular mechanisms are far less explored. Recent advances unequivocally link cardiovascular aging to the dysregulation of critical signalling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts, which compromises the critical role of these cells in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the myocardium. Clearly, the identification of cardiac fibroblast-specific factors and mechanisms that regulate cardiac fibroblast function in the senescent myocardium is of immense importance. In this regard, recent studies show that Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinase predominantly located in cardiac fibroblasts, has an obligate role in cardiac fibroblast function and cardiovascular fibrosis. Incisive studies on the molecular basis of cardiovascular aging and dysregulated fibroblast function in the senescent heart would pave the way for effective strategies to mitigate cardiovascular diseases in a rapidly growing elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Vijayakumar
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India;
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Shivakumar Kailasam
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum 695581, India
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Dobreva G, Heineke J. Inter- and Intracellular Signaling Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:271-294. [PMID: 38884717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, both congenital and acquired, are the leading cause of death worldwide, associated with significant health consequences and economic burden. Due to major advances in surgical procedures, most patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood but suffer from previously unrecognized long-term consequences, such as early-onset heart failure. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms resulting in heart defects and the lifelong complications due to hemodynamic overload are of utmost importance. Congenital heart disease arises in the first trimester of pregnancy, due to defects in the complex morphogenetic patterning of the heart. This process is coordinated through a complicated web of intercellular communication between the epicardium, the endocardium, and the myocardium. In the postnatal heart, similar crosstalk between cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts exists during pathological hemodynamic overload that emerges as a consequence of a congenital heart defect. Ultimately, communication between cells triggers the activation of intracellular signaling circuits, which allow fine coordination of cardiac development and function. Here, we review the inter- and intracellular signaling mechanisms in the heart as they were discovered mainly in genetically modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Dobreva
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Joerg Heineke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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10
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Gehris J, Ervin C, Hawkins C, Womack S, Churillo AM, Doyle J, Sinusas AJ, Spinale FG. Fibroblast activation protein: Pivoting cancer/chemotherapeutic insight towards heart failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115914. [PMID: 37956895 PMCID: PMC10824141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
An important mechanism for cancer progression is degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which is accompanied by the emergence and proliferation of an activated fibroblast, termed the cancer associated fibroblast (CAF). More specifically, an enzyme pathway identified to be amplified with local cancer progression and proliferation of the CAF, is fibroblast activation protein (FAP). The development and progression of heart failure (HF) irrespective of the etiology is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and changes in ECM structure and function. As with cancer, HF progression is associated with a change in LV myocardial fibroblast growth and function, and expresses a protein signature not dissimilar to the CAF. The overall goal of this review is to put forward the postulate that scientific discoveries regarding FAP in cancer as well as the development of specific chemotherapeutics could be pivoted to target the emergence of FAP in the activated fibroblast subtype and thus hold translationally relevant diagnostic and therapeutic targets in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gehris
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Charlie Ervin
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Charlotte Hawkins
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sydney Womack
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amelia M Churillo
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jonathan Doyle
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Yale University Cardiovascular Imaging Center, New Haven CT, United States
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States.
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11
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Kattih B, Boeckling F, Shumliakivska M, Tombor L, Rasper T, Schmitz K, Hoffmann J, Nicin L, Abplanalp WT, Carstens DC, Arsalan M, Emrich F, Holubec T, Walther T, Puntmann VO, Nagel E, John D, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Single-nuclear transcriptome profiling identifies persistent fibroblast activation in hypertrophic and failing human hearts of patients with longstanding disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2550-2562. [PMID: 37648651 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac fibrosis drives the progression of heart failure in ischaemic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the development of specific anti-fibrotic treatment regimens to counteract cardiac fibrosis is of high clinical relevance. Hence, this study examined the presence of persistent fibroblast activation during longstanding human heart disease at a single-cell resolution to identify putative therapeutic targets to counteract pathological cardiac fibrosis in patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We used single-nuclei RNA sequencing with human tissues from two samples of one healthy donor, and five hypertrophic and two failing hearts. Unsupervised sub-clustering of 7110 nuclei led to the identification of 7 distinct fibroblast clusters. De-convolution of cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity revealed a distinct population of human cardiac fibroblasts with a molecular signature of persistent fibroblast activation and a transcriptional switch towards a pro-fibrotic extra-cellular matrix composition in patients with established cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. This sub-cluster was characterized by high expression of POSTN, RUNX1, CILP, and a target gene adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1) (all P < 0.001). Strikingly, elevated circulating AEBP1 blood level were also detected in a validation cohort of patients with confirmed cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (P < 0.01). Since endogenous AEBP1 expression was increased in patients with established cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, we assessed the functional consequence of siRNA-mediated AEBP1 silencing in human cardiac fibroblasts. Indeed, AEBP1 silencing reduced proliferation, migration, and fibroblast contractile capacity and α-SMA gene expression, which is a hallmark of fibroblast activation (all P < 0.05). Mechanistically, the anti-fibrotic effects of AEBP1 silencing were linked to transforming growth factor-beta pathway modulation. CONCLUSION Together, this study identifies persistent fibroblast activation in patients with longstanding heart disease, which might be detected by circulating AEBP1 and therapeutically modulated by its targeted silencing in human cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badder Kattih
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felicitas Boeckling
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mariana Shumliakivska
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Tombor
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tina Rasper
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jedrzej Hoffmann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luka Nicin
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wesley T Abplanalp
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel C Carstens
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mani Arsalan
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Fabian Emrich
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Tomas Holubec
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Valentina O Puntmann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eike Nagel
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David John
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Shi R, Reichardt M, Fiegle DJ, Küpfer LK, Czajka T, Sun Z, Salditt T, Dendorfer A, Seidel T, Bruegmann T. Contractility measurements for cardiotoxicity screening with ventricular myocardial slices of pigs. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2469-2481. [PMID: 37934066 PMCID: PMC10651213 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiotoxicity is one major reason why drugs do not enter or are withdrawn from the market. Thus, approaches are required to predict cardiotoxicity with high specificity and sensitivity. Ideally, such methods should be performed within intact cardiac tissue with high relevance for humans and detect acute and chronic side effects on electrophysiological behaviour, contractility, and tissue structure in an unbiased manner. Herein, we evaluate healthy pig myocardial slices and biomimetic cultivation setups (BMCS) as a new cardiotoxicity screening approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Pig left ventricular samples were cut into slices and spanned into BMCS with continuous electrical pacing and online force recording. Automated stimulation protocols were established to determine the force-frequency relationship (FFR), frequency dependence of contraction duration, effective refractory period (ERP), and pacing threshold. Slices generated 1.3 ± 0.14 mN/mm2 force at 0.5 Hz electrical pacing and showed a positive FFR and a shortening of contraction duration with increasing pacing rates. Approximately 62% of slices were able to contract for at least 6 days while showing stable ERP, contraction duration-frequency relationship, and preserved cardiac structure confirmed by confocal imaging and X-ray diffraction analysis. We used specific blockers of the most important cardiac ion channels to determine which analysis parameters are influenced. To validate our approach, we tested five drug candidates selected from the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay list as well as acetylsalicylic acid and DMSO as controls in a blinded manner in three independent laboratories. We were able to detect all arrhythmic drugs and their respective mode of action on cardiac tissue including inhibition of Na+, Ca2+, and hERG channels as well as Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. CONCLUSION We systematically evaluate this approach for cardiotoxicity screening, which is of high relevance for humans and can be upscaled to medium-throughput screening. Thus, our approach will improve the predictive value and efficiency of preclinical cardiotoxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhu Shi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- International Research Training Group 1816, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marius Reichardt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik J Fiegle
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linda K Küpfer
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Titus Czajka
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhengwu Sun
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Hospital of the University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells’ (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Hospital of the University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells’ (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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He CC, Song TC, Qi RQ, Gao XH. Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveals heterogeneity of fibroblast and pivotal genes in psoriasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17134. [PMID: 37816883 PMCID: PMC10564713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, which is one of the most common skin diseases, involves an array of complex immune constituents including T cells, dendritic cells and monocytes. Particularly, the cytokine IL17A, primarily generated by TH17 cells, assumes a crucial function in the etiology of psoriasis. In this study, a comprehensive investigation utilizing bulk RNA analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics was employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of psoriasis. Our study revealed that there is an overlap between the genes that are differentially expressed in psoriasis patients receiving three anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody drugs and the genes that are differentially expressed in lesion versus non-lesion samples in these patients. Further analysis using single-cell and spatial data from psoriasis samples confirmed the expression of hub genes that had low expressions in psoriasis tissue but were up-regulated after anti-IL17A treatments. These genes were found to be associated with the treatment effects of brodalumab and methotrexate, but not adalimumab, etanercept, and ustekinumab. Additionally, these genes were predominantly expressed in fibroblasts. In our study, fibroblasts were categorized into five clusters. Notably, hub genes exhibited predominant expression in cluster 3 fibroblasts, which were primarily engaged in the regulation of the extracellular matrix and were predominantly located in the reticular dermis. Subsequent analysis unveiled that cluster 3 fibroblasts also established communication with epithelial cells and monocytes via the ANGPTL-SDC4 ligand-receptor configuration, and their regulation was governed by the transcription factor TWIST1. Conversely, cluster 4 fibroblasts, responsible for vascular endothelial regulation, were predominantly distributed in the papillary dermis. Cluster 4 predominantly engaged in interactions with endothelial cells via MDK signals and was governed by the distinctive transcription factor, ERG. By means of an integrated analysis encompassing bulk transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics, we have discerned genes and clusters of fibroblasts that potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Cong Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Salminen A. The role of immunosuppressive myofibroblasts in the aging process and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1169-1189. [PMID: 37606688 PMCID: PMC10560181 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which control the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblasts possess a remarkable plasticity to allow them to adapt to the changes in the microenvironment and thus maintain tissue homeostasis. Several stresses, also those associated with the aging process, convert quiescent fibroblasts into myofibroblasts which not only display fibrogenic properties but also act as immune regulators cooperating both with tissue-resident immune cells and those immune cells recruited into affected tissues. TGF-β cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major inducers of myofibroblast differentiation in pathological conditions either from quiescent fibroblasts or via transdifferentiation from certain other cell types, e.g., macrophages, adipocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Intriguingly, TGF-β and ROS are also important signaling mediators between immunosuppressive cells, such as MDSCs, Tregs, and M2 macrophages. It seems that in pathological states, myofibroblasts are able to interact with the immunosuppressive network. There is clear evidence that a low-grade chronic inflammatory state in aging tissues is counteracted by activation of compensatory immunosuppression. Interestingly, common enhancers of the aging process, such as oxidative stress, loss of DNA integrity, and inflammatory insults, are inducers of myofibroblasts, whereas anti-aging treatments with metformin and rapamycin suppress the differentiation of myofibroblasts and thus prevent age-related tissue fibrosis. I will examine the reciprocal interactions between myofibroblasts and immunosuppressive cells within aging tissues. It seems that the differentiation of myofibroblasts with age-related harmful stresses enhances the activity of the immunosuppressive network which promotes tissue fibrosis and degeneration in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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15
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Lother A, Kohl P. The heterocellular heart: identities, interactions, and implications for cardiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:30. [PMID: 37495826 PMCID: PMC10371928 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterocellular nature of the heart has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. In addition to cardiomyocytes as the prototypical cell type of the heart, non-myocytes such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or immune cells are coming more into focus. The rise of single-cell sequencing technologies enables identification of ever more subtle differences and has reignited the question of what defines a cell's identity. Here we provide an overview of the major cardiac cell types, describe their roles in homeostasis, and outline recent findings on non-canonical functions that may be of relevance for cardiology. We highlight modes of biochemical and biophysical interactions between different cardiac cell types and discuss the potential implications of the heterocellular nature of the heart for basic research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Franchi M, Karamanos KA, Cappadone C, Calonghi N, Greco N, Franchi L, Onisto M, Masola V. Colorectal Cancer Cell Invasion and Functional Properties Depend on Peri-Tumoral Extracellular Matrix. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1788. [PMID: 37509428 PMCID: PMC10376217 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated how the extracellular matrix (ECM) affects LoVo colorectal cancer cells behavior during a spatiotemporal invasion. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, matrix-degrading enzymes, and morphological phenotypes expressed by LoVo-S (doxorubicin-sensitive) and higher aggressive LoVo-R (doxorubicin-resistant) were evaluated in cells cultured for 3 and 24 h on Millipore filters covered by Matrigel, mimicking the basement membrane, or type I Collagen reproducing a desmoplastic lamina propria. EMT and invasiveness were investigated with RT-qPCR, Western blot, and scanning electron microscopy. As time went by, most gene expressions decreased, but in type I Collagen samples, a strong reduction and high increase in MMP-2 expression in LoVo-S and -R cells occurred, respectively. These data were confirmed by the development of an epithelial morphological phenotype in LoVo-S and invading phenotypes with invadopodia in LoVo-R cells as well as by protein-level analysis. We suggest that the duration of culturing and type of substrate influence the morphological phenotype and aggressiveness of both these cell types differently. In particular, the type I collagen meshwork, consisting of large fibrils confining inter fibrillar micropores, affects the two cell types differently. It attenuates drug-sensitive LoVo-S cell aggressiveness but improves a proteolytic invasion in drug-resistant LoVo-R cells as time goes by. Experimental studies on CRC cells should examine the peri-tumoral ECM components, as well as the dynamic physical conditions of TME, which affect the behavior and aggressiveness of both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant LoVo cells differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47900 Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Cappadone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalia Calonghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Greco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Franchi
- Department of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Masola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
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17
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Kalkunte NG, Delambre TE, Sohn S, Pickett M, Parekh S, Zoldan J. Engineering Alignment Has Mixed Effects on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiated Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:322-332. [PMID: 36855326 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiated cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is greatly limited by their functional immaturity. Strong relationships exist between cardiomyocyte (CM) structure and function, leading many in the field to seek ways to mature hiPSC-CMs by culturing on biomimetic substrates, specifically those that promote alignment. However, these in vitro models have so far failed to replicate the alignment that occurs during cardiac differentiation. We show that engineered alignment, incorporated before and during cardiac differentiation, affects hiPSC-CM electrochemical coupling and mitochondrial morphology. We successfully engineer alignment in differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as early as day 4. We uniquely apply optical redox imaging to monitor the metabolic changes occurring during cardiac differentiation. We couple this modality with cardiac-specific markers, which allows us to assess cardiac metabolism in heterogeneous cell populations. The engineered alignment drives hiPSC-CM differentiation toward the ventricular compact CM subtype and improves electrochemical coupling in the short term, at day 14 of differentiation. Moreover, we observe the glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation switch throughout differentiation and CM development. On the subcellular scale, we note changes in mitochondrial morphology in the long term, at day 28 of differentiation. Our results demonstrate that cellular alignment accelerates hiPSC-CM maturity and emphasizes the interrelation of structure and function in cardiac development. We anticipate that combining engineered alignment with additional maturation strategies will result in improved development of mature CMs from hiPSCs and strongly improve cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhith G Kalkunte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Talia E Delambre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sogu Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Madison Pickett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sapun Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Janet Zoldan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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18
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Alhejailan RS, Garoffolo G, Raveendran VV, Pesce M. Cells and Materials for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103398. [PMID: 37240504 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than 20 years following the introduction of regenerative medicine to address the problem of cardiac diseases, still questions arise as to the best cell types and materials to use to obtain effective clinical translation. Now that it is definitively clear that the heart does not have a consistent reservoir of stem cells that could give rise to new myocytes, and that there are cells that could contribute, at most, with their pro-angiogenic or immunomodulatory potential, there is fierce debate on what will emerge as the winning strategy. In this regard, new developments in somatic cells' reprogramming, material science and cell biophysics may be of help, not only for protecting the heart from the deleterious consequences of aging, ischemia and metabolic disorders, but also to boost an endogenous regeneration potential that seems to be lost in the adulthood of the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Saud Alhejailan
- Cell Biology Department, King's Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gloria Garoffolo
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Vineesh Vimala Raveendran
- Cell Biology Department, King's Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
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19
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Floy ME, Shabnam F, Givens SE, Patil VA, Ding Y, Li G, Roy S, Raval AN, Schmuck EG, Masters KS, Ogle BM, Palecek SP. Identifying molecular and functional similarities and differences between human primary cardiac valve interstitial cells and ventricular fibroblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1102487. [PMID: 37051268 PMCID: PMC10083504 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells that predominantly produce and maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are critical mediators of injury response. In the heart, valve interstitial cells (VICs) are a population of fibroblasts responsible for maintaining the structure and function of heart valves. These cells are regionally distinct from myocardial fibroblasts, including left ventricular cardiac fibroblasts (LVCFBs), which are located in the myocardium in close vicinity to cardiomyocytes. Here, we hypothesize these subpopulations of fibroblasts are transcriptionally and functionally distinct. Methods: To compare these fibroblast subtypes, we collected patient-matched samples of human primary VICs and LVCFBs and performed bulk RNA sequencing, extracellular matrix profiling, and functional contraction and calcification assays. Results: Here, we identified combined expression of SUSD2 on a protein-level, and MEOX2, EBF2 and RHOU at a transcript-level to be differentially expressed in VICs compared to LVCFBs and demonstrated that expression of these genes can be used to distinguish between the two subpopulations. We found both VICs and LVCFBs expressed similar activation and contraction potential in vitro, but VICs showed an increase in ALP activity when activated and higher expression in matricellular proteins, including cartilage oligomeric protein and alpha 2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, both of which are reported to be linked to calcification, compared to LVCFBs. Conclusion: These comparative transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional studies shed novel insight into the similarities and differences between valve interstitial cells and left ventricular cardiac fibroblasts and will aid in understanding region-specific cardiac pathologies, distinguishing between primary subpopulations of fibroblasts, and generating region-specific stem-cell derived cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fathima Shabnam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sophie E. Givens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Vaidehi A. Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yunfeng Ding
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Grace Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amish N. Raval
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eric G. Schmuck
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brenda M. Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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20
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Kursanov A, Balakina-Vikulova NA, Solovyova O, Panfilov A, Katsnelson LB. In silico analysis of the contribution of cardiomyocyte-fibroblast electromechanical interaction to the arrhythmia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123609. [PMID: 36969594 PMCID: PMC10036780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fibroblasts are about 5–10 times smaller than cardiomyocytes, their number in the ventricle is about twice that of cardiomyocytes. The high density of fibroblasts in myocardial tissue leads to a noticeable effect of their electromechanical interaction with cardiomyocytes on the electrical and mechanical functions of the latter. Our work focuses on the analysis of the mechanisms of spontaneous electrical and mechanical activity of the fibroblast-coupled cardiomyocyte during its calcium overload, which occurs in a variety of pathologies, including acute ischemia. For this study, we developed a mathematical model of the electromechanical interaction between cardiomyocyte and fibroblasts and used it to simulate the impact of overloading cardiomyocytes. In contrast to modeling only the electrical interaction between cardiomyocyte and fibroblasts, the following new features emerge in simulations with the model that accounts for both electrical and mechanical coupling and mechano-electrical feedback loops in the interacting cells. First, the activity of mechanosensitive ion channels in the coupled fibroblasts depolarizes their resting potential. Second, this additional depolarization increases the resting potential of the coupled myocyte, thus augmenting its susceptibility to triggered activity. The triggered activity associated with the cardiomyocyte calcium overload manifests itself in the model either as early afterdepolarizations or as extrasystoles, i.e., extra action potentials and extra contractions. Analysis of the model simulations showed that mechanics contribute significantly to the proarrhythmic effects in the cardiomyocyte overloaded with calcium and coupled with fibroblasts, and that mechano-electrical feedback loops in both the cardiomyocyte and fibroblasts play a key role in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kursanov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Physiology and Medicine Based on Supercomputers, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Nathalie A. Balakina-Vikulova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Physiology and Medicine Based on Supercomputers, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Physiology and Medicine Based on Supercomputers, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Panfilov
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Physiology and Medicine Based on Supercomputers, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Leonid B. Katsnelson
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Physiology and Medicine Based on Supercomputers, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- *Correspondence: Leonid B. Katsnelson,
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21
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Li C, Meng X, Wang L, Dai X. Mechanism of action of non-coding RNAs and traditional Chinese medicine in myocardial fibrosis: Focus on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1092148. [PMID: 36843918 PMCID: PMC9947662 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a serious public health problem worldwide that is closely linked to progression of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and adversely affects both the disease process and clinical prognosis. Numerous studies have shown that the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, targeted inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may be a therapeutic measure for cardiac fibrosis. Currently, as the investigation on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) move forward, a variety of ncRNAs targeting TGF-β and its downstream Smad proteins have attracted high attention. Besides, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in treating the cardiac fibrosis. As more and more molecular mechanisms of natural products, herbal formulas, and proprietary Chinese medicines are revealed, TCM has been proven to act on cardiac fibrosis by modulating multiple targets and signaling pathways, especially the TGF-β/Smad. Therefore, this work summarizes the roles of TGF-β/Smad classical and non-classical signaling pathways in the cardiac fibrosis, and discusses the recent research advances in ncRNAs targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and TCM against cardiac fibrosis. It is hoped, in this way, to give new insights into the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangxiang Meng
- College of Marxism, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Wang
- First College of Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Dai
- College of Health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Xia Dai,
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22
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Diabetes and Its Cardiovascular Complications: Potential Role of the Acetyltransferase p300. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030431. [PMID: 36766773 PMCID: PMC9914144 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been shown to accelerate vascular senescence, which is associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, both implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction. This condition represents the initial alteration linking diabetes to related cardiovascular (CV) complications. Recently, it has been hypothesised that the acetyltransferase, p300, may contribute to establishing an early vascular senescent phenotype, playing a relevant role in diabetes-associated inflammation and oxidative stress, which drive endothelial dysfunction. Specifically, p300 can modulate vascular inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors acetylation. Indeed, it regulates the inflammatory pathway by interacting with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 subunit (NF-κB p65) or by inducing its acetylation, suggesting a crucial role of p300 as a bridge between NF-κB p65 and the transcriptional machinery. Additionally, p300-mediated epigenetic modifications could be upstream of the activation of inflammatory cytokines, and they may induce oxidative stress by affecting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because several in vitro and in vivo studies shed light on the potential use of acetyltransferase inhibitors, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the role of p300 in diabetic vascular dysfunction could help in finding new strategies for the clinical management of CV diseases related to diabetes.
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23
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Siminzar P, Tohidkia MR, Eppard E, Vahidfar N, Tarighatnia A, Aghanejad A. Recent Trends in Diagnostic Biomarkers of Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 25:464-482. [PMID: 36517729 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) play critical roles in tumor survival, progression, and metastasis and can be considered potential targets for molecular imaging of cancer. The targeting agents for imaging of TME components (e.g., fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, blood vessels) provide a promising strategy to target these biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancers. Moreover, various cancer types have similar tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) features that targeting those biomarkers and offer clinically translatable molecular imaging of cancers. In this review, we categorize and summarize the components in TME which have been targeted for molecular imaging. Moreover, this review updated the recent progress in targeted imaging of TIME biological molecules by various modalities for the early detection of cancer.
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24
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Alharbi H, Hardyman M, Cull J, Markou T, Cooper S, Glennon P, Fuller S, Sugden P, Clerk A. Cardiomyocyte BRAF is a key signalling intermediate in cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1661-1681. [PMID: 36331065 PMCID: PMC9679367 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is necessary for the heart to accommodate an increase in workload. Physiological, compensated hypertrophy (e.g. with exercise) is reversible and largely due to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Pathological hypertrophy (e.g. with hypertension) is associated with additional features including increased fibrosis and can lead to heart failure. RAF kinases (ARAF/BRAF/RAF1) integrate signals into the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 cascade, a pathway implicated in cardiac hypertrophy, and activation of BRAF in cardiomyocytes promotes compensated hypertrophy. Here, we used mice with tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific BRAF knockout (CM-BRAFKO) to assess the role of BRAF in hypertension-associated cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (AngII; 0.8 mg/kg/d, 7 d) and physiological hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine (40 mg/kg/d, 7 d). Cardiac dimensions/functions were measured by echocardiography with histological assessment of cellular changes. AngII promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased fibrosis within the myocardium (interstitial) and around the arterioles (perivascular) in male mice; cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial (but not perivascular) fibrosis were inhibited in mice with CM-BRAFKO. Phenylephrine had a limited effect on fibrosis but promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased contractility in male mice; cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was unaffected in mice with CM-BRAFKO, but the increase in contractility was suppressed and fibrosis increased. Phenylephrine induced a modest hypertrophic response in female mice and, in contrast with the males, tamoxifen-induced loss of cardiomyocyte BRAF reduced cardiomyocyte size, had no effect on fibrosis and increased contractility. The data identify BRAF as a key signalling intermediate in both physiological and pathological hypertrophy in male mice, and highlight the need for independent assessment of gene function in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajed O. Alharbi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | | | - Joshua J. Cull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Thomais Markou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Susanna T.E. Cooper
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, U.K
| | - Peter E. Glennon
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University Hospital Cardiology Department, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, U.K
| | | | - Peter H. Sugden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Angela Clerk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
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25
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Zhang H, Ren L, Shivnaraine RV. Targeting GPCRs to treat cardiac fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1011176. [PMID: 36277752 PMCID: PMC9582444 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1011176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis occurs ubiquitously in ischemic heart failure, genetic cardiomyopathies, diabetes mellitus, and aging. It triggers myocardial stiffness, which impairs cardiac function, ultimately progressing to end-stage heart failure and increased mortality. Although several targets for anti-fibrotic therapies have been identified, including TGF-β and receptor tyrosine kinase, there is currently no FDA-approved drug specifically targeting cardiac fibrosis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral, multipass membrane-bound receptors that exhibit diverse and cell-specific expression, offering novel and unrealized therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis. This review highlights the emerging roles of several GPCRs and briefly explores their downstream pathways that are crucial in cardiac fibrosis. We will not only provide an overview of the GPCRs expressed on cardiac fibroblasts that are directly involved in myofibroblast activation but also describe those GPCRs which contribute to cardiac fibrosis via indirect crosstalk mechanisms. We also discuss the challenges of identifying novel effective therapies for cardiac fibrosis and offer strategies to circumvent these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Hao Zhang
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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26
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Sui Z, Song X, Wu Y, Hou R, Liu J, Zhao B, Liang Z, Chen J, Zhang L, Zhang Y. The cytotoxicity of PM 2.5 and its effect on the secretome of normal human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75966-75977. [PMID: 35665889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induced various adverse health effects, such as metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation, and respiratory disease. Many works have studied the effects of PM2.5 exposure on cells through intracellular proteomics analyses. However, changes of the extracellular proteome under PM2.5 exposure and its correlation with PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity still remain unclear. Herein, the cytotoxicity of PM2.5 on normal human bronchial epithelia cells (BEAS-2B cells) was evaluated, and the secretome profile of BEAS-2B cells before and after PM2.5 exposure was investigated. A total of 83 proteins (58 upregulated and 25 downregulated) were differentially expressed in extracellular space after PM2.5 treatment. Notably, we found that PM2.5 promoted the release of several pro-apoptotic factors and induced dysregulated secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents, showing that the abnormal extracellular environment attributed to PM2.5-induced cell damage. This study provided a secretome data for the deep understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying PM2.5-caused human bronchial epithelia cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyao Song
- Environmental Assessment and Analysis Group, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Rui Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Environmental Assessment and Analysis Group, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
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27
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Picchio V, Floris E, Derevyanchuk Y, Cozzolino C, Messina E, Pagano F, Chimenti I, Gaetani R. Multicellular 3D Models for the Study of Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911642. [PMID: 36232943 PMCID: PMC9569892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo modelling systems for cardiovascular research are becoming increasingly important in reducing lab animal use and boosting personalized medicine approaches. Integrating multiple cell types in complex setups adds a higher level of significance to the models, simulating the intricate intercellular communication of the microenvironment in vivo. Cardiac fibrosis represents a key pathogenetic step in multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic and diabetic cardiomyopathies. Indeed, allowing inter-cellular interactions between cardiac stromal cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and/or immune cells in dedicated systems could make ex vivo models of cardiac fibrosis even more relevant. Moreover, culture systems with 3D architectures further enrich the physiological significance of such in vitro models. In this review, we provide a summary of the multicellular 3D models for the study of cardiac fibrosis described in the literature, such as spontaneous microtissues, bioprinted constructs, engineered tissues, and organs-on-chip, discussing their advantages and limitations. Important discoveries on the physiopathology of cardiac fibrosis, as well as the screening of novel potential therapeutic molecules, have been reported thanks to these systems. Future developments will certainly increase their translational impact for understanding and modulating mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Erica Floris
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Yuriy Derevyanchuk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-077-3175-7234
| | - Roberto Gaetani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Properties and Functions of Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts in Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091386. [PMID: 35563692 PMCID: PMC9102016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart contains abundant interstitial and perivascular fibroblasts that expand following injury and play a reparative role but also contribute to maladaptive fibrotic remodeling. Following myocardial infarction, cardiac fibroblasts undergo dynamic phenotypic transitions, contributing to the regulation of inflammatory, reparative, and angiogenic responses. This review manuscript discusses the mechanisms of regulation, roles and fate of fibroblasts in the infarcted heart. During the inflammatory phase of infarct healing, the release of alarmins by necrotic cells promotes a pro-inflammatory and matrix-degrading fibroblast phenotype that may contribute to leukocyte recruitment. The clearance of dead cells and matrix debris from the infarct stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways and activates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cascades, resulting in the conversion of fibroblasts to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts. Activated myofibroblasts secrete large amounts of matrix proteins and form a collagen-based scar that protects the infarcted ventricle from catastrophic complications, such as cardiac rupture. Moreover, infarct fibroblasts may also contribute to cardiac repair by stimulating angiogenesis. During scar maturation, fibroblasts disassemble α-SMA+ stress fibers and convert to specialized cells that may serve in scar maintenance. The prolonged activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the infarct border zone and in the remote remodeling myocardium may contribute to adverse remodeling and to the pathogenesis of heart failure. In addition to their phenotypic plasticity, fibroblasts exhibit remarkable heterogeneity. Subsets with distinct phenotypic profiles may be responsible for the wide range of functions of fibroblast populations in infarcted and remodeling hearts.
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29
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Herrlich A, Kefaloyianni E, Rose-John S. Mechanisms of interorgan crosstalk in health and disease. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:529-533. [PMID: 35288939 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrlich
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Kefaloyianni
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
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30
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Zhang LS, Zhang JS, Hou YL, Lu WW, Ni XQ, Lin F, Liu XY, Wang XJ, Yu YR, Jia MZ, Tang CS, Han L, Chai SB, Qi YF. Intermedin 1-53 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Targeting IRE1α in Cardiac Fibrosis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1568-1584. [PMID: 35175495 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD), a paracrine/autocrine peptide, protects against cardiac fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Previous study reports that activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to cardiac fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether IMD mitigated cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3. Cardiac fibrosis was induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion for 2 weeks in rats. Western blot, real-time PCR, histological staining, immunofluorescence assay, RNA sequencing, echocardiography, and hemodynamics were used to detect the role and the mechanism of IMD in cardiac fibrosis. Ang II infusion resulted in rat cardiac fibrosis, shown as over-deposition of myocardial interstitial collagen and cardiac dysfunction. Importantly, NLRP3 activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were found in Ang II-treated rat myocardium. Ang II infusion decreased the expression of IMD and increased the expression of the receptor system of IMD in the fibrotic rat myocardium. IMD treatment attenuated the cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function. In addition, IMD inhibited the upregulation of NLRP3 markers and ERS markers induced by Ang II. In vitro, IMD knockdown by small interfering RNA significantly promoted the Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblast and NLRP3 activation. Moreover, silencing of inositol requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) blocked the effects of IMD inhibiting fibroblast and NLRP3 activation. Pre-incubation with PKA pathway inhibitor H89 blocked the effects of IMD on the anti-ERS, anti-NLRP3, and anti-fibrotic response. In conclusion, IMD alleviated cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation through suppressing IRE1α via the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue-Long Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xian-Qiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, A20 Fuxingmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - San-Bao Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Life Park Road No. 1, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. .,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, HaidianDistrict, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
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