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El-Shenawy MI, Herwartz D, Staubwasser M. A passive method for sampling water in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9646. [PMID: 38124170 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water molecules are powerful tools to constrain the dynamics of water cycling within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). However, the recovery of water from the SPAC requires logistical arrangements and implementation of different time- and cost-consuming techniques in either the field or the laboratory. METHODS We developed a passive method to sample water from the three compartments of the SPAC by using a hygroscopic salt of a high water absorbance capacity (CaCl2 ). This method allows either H2 O(V) -H2 O(L) isotope equilibration in the case of infinite water reservoir (atmospheric water vapor (WV)) or quantitative absorption of water from a finite water reservoir (e.g. soil and plants). The water absorbed by CaCl2 was distilled first and subsequently processed for hydrogen and triple oxygen isotope mass spectrometry analyses. The distillation step can be bypassed when employing isotope analytical techniques that are based on equilibration. RESULTS Our experiments show that anhydrous CaCl2 absorbs WV of 210 ± 6% and 130 ± 6% of its dry weight from an infinite WV reservoir at relative humidity of 60% and 30%, respectively. Chemical and isotope equilibrations between WV and absorbed water were attained within 3 days at room temperature, enabling the back-calculation of the isotope composition of atmospheric WV. Preliminary experiments to extract water from plant and sand (i.e. finite WV reservoir) demonstrate a quasi-complete recovery of water in these matrices without significant isotope fractionation. The reproducibility of our method is better than 1.6‰, 0.32‰, 0.17‰ and 6‰ per meg for δ2 H, δ18 O, δ17 O and 17 O-excess. CONCLUSIONS The CaCl2 -H2 O absorption (passive) method requires very limited logistics in the field facilitating spatial and temporal water vapor/water sampling from atmosphere and soil at low resolution (i.e. average of 3-5 days). Moreover, it allows high sample throughput for the extraction of plant water in the laboratory. The reproducibility of this method is similar to the analytical uncertainty in mass spectrometry analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I El-Shenawy
- Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Geology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Daniel Herwartz
- Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Staubwasser
- Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Yuan R, Li F, Ye R. Global diagnosis of land-atmosphere coupling based on water isotopes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21319. [PMID: 38044338 PMCID: PMC10694138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Land-atmosphere coupling (LAC) plays a significant role in weather and climate and is related to droughts and heatwaves. We propose a simple and efficient LAC diagnosis method based on the analysis of water isotopes in atmospheric water vapour and precipitation. Using the method, we identify the primary LAC hotspot regions of the globe and reveal the seasonality of LAC strength. We find that LAC strength exhibits a relationship with latitude. Low latitudes present stronger LAC strength and contribute more significantly to the overall LAC area compared to boreal middle and high latitudes. It's important to note that LAC primarily manifests in the troposphere and is detected in the lower stratosphere of low latitudes, with limited influence observed in the stratosphere. However, the impact of LAC is noticeable in the upper stratosphere in boreal middle and high latitudes. Moreover, the seasonality of LAC strength is pronounced. On a global scale, the season with the strongest LAC is boreal autumn in the Northern Hemisphere but boreal summer in the Southern Hemisphere. Notably, this pattern does not exhibit a seesaw effect between the two hemispheres. Our isotope-based LAC diagnosis method captures the major LAC hotspots found in previous work and validates the seasonality of LAC within these hotspots. This substantiates the reliability and effectiveness of our isotope-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Yuan
- School of Environment and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Fei Li
- School of Environment and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruyu Ye
- School of Environment and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Singh N, Pradhan R, Singh RP, Gupta PK. The role of continental evapotranspiration on water vapour isotopic variability in the troposphere. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2023; 59:248-268. [PMID: 37210706 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2212834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rainforests play an important role in hydrological and carbon cycles, both at regional and global scales. They pump large quantities of moisture from the soil to the atmosphere and are major rainfall hotspots of the world. Satellite-observed stable water isotope ratios have played an essential role in determining sources of moisture in the atmosphere. Satellites provide information about the processes involving vapour transport in different zones of the world, identifying sources of rainfall and distinguishing moisture transport in monsoonal systems. This paper focuses on major rainforests of the world (Southern Amazon, Congo and Northeast India) to understand the role of continental evapotranspiration in influencing tropospheric water vapour. We have used satellite measurements of 1H2H16O/1H216O from Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS), evapotranspiration (ET), solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), precipitation (P), atmospheric reanalysis-derived moisture flux convergence (MFC) and wind to discern the role of ET in influencing water vapour isotopes. A global map of the correlation between δ2Hv and ET-P flux indicates that densely vegetated regions in the tropics show the highest positive correlation (r > 0.5). Using mixing models and observations of specific humidity and isotopic ratio over these forested regions, we discern the source of moisture in pre-wet and wet seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Singh
- Land Hydrology Division, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rohit Pradhan
- Land Hydrology Division, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Praveen K Gupta
- Land Hydrology Division, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India
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4
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Chen J, Chen J, Zhang XJ, Peng P, Risi C. A century and a half precipitation oxygen isoscape for China generated using data fusion and bias correction. Sci Data 2023; 10:185. [PMID: 37024510 PMCID: PMC10079680 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The precipitation oxygen isotopic composition is a useful environmental tracer for climatic and hydrological studies. However, accurate and high-resolution precipitation oxygen isoscapes are currently lacking in China. In this study, a precipitation oxygen isoscape in China for a period of 148 years is built by integrating observed and iGCMs-simulated isotope compositions using an optimal hybrid approach of three data fusion and two bias correction methods. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the isoscape are monthly and 50-60 km, respectively. Results show that the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) fusion method performs the best (correlation coefficient larger than 0.95 and root mean square error smaller than 1‰), and the other two data fusion methods perform slightly better than the bias correction methods. Thus, the isoscape is generated by using the CNN fusion method for the common 1969-2007 period and by using the bias correction methods for remaining years. The generated isoscape, which shows similar spatio-temporal distributions to observations, is reliable and useful for providing strong support for tracking atmospheric and hydrological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xunchang J Zhang
- USDA-ARS Oklahoma and Central Plains Agricultural Research Center, 7207W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK, 73036, USA
| | - Peiyi Peng
- Chongqing Southwest Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Camille Risi
- Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure, Sorbonne Universite, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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5
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Aron PG, Li S, Brooks JR, Welker JM, Levin NE. Seasonal Variations in Triple Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Precipitation in the Western and Central United States. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 2023; 38:10.1029/2022pa004458. [PMID: 37990699 PMCID: PMC10659079 DOI: 10.1029/2022pa004458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Triple oxygen isotope ratios Δ ' 17 O offer new opportunities to improve reconstructions of past climate by quantifying evaporation, relative humidity, and diagenesis in geologic archives. However, the utility of Δ ' 17 O in paleoclimate applications is hampered by a limited understanding of how precipitation Δ ' 7 O values vary across time and space. To improve applications of Δ ' 17 O , we present δ 18 O , d-excess, and Δ ' 17 O data from 26 precipitation sites in the western and central United States and three streams from the Willamette River Basin in western Oregon. In this data set, we find that precipitation Δ ' 17 O tracks evaporation but appears insensitive to many controls that govern variation in δ 18 O , including Rayleigh distillation, elevation, latitude, longitude, and local precipitation amount. Seasonality has a large effect on Δ ' 17 O variation in the data set and we observe higher seasonally amount-weighted average precipitation Δ ' 17 O values in the winter (40 ± 15 per meg [± standard deviation]) than in the summer (18 ± 18 per meg). This seasonal precipitation Δ ' 17 O variability likely arises from a combination of sub-cloud evaporation, atmospheric mixing, moisture recycling, sublimation, and/or relative humidity, but the data set is not well suited to quantitatively assess isotopic variability associated with each of these processes. The seasonal Δ ' 17 O pattern, which is absent in d-excess and opposite in sign from δ 18 O , appears in other data sets globally; it showcases the influence of seasonality on Δ ' 17 O values of precipitation and highlights the need for further systematic studies to understand variation in Δ ' 17 O values of precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Aron
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Now at Hazen and Sawyer, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Li
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J. R. Brooks
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - J. M. Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- University of the Arctic (UArctic), Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - N. E. Levin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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6
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Singh J, Muller A. Ambient Hydrocarbon Detection with an Ultra-Low-Loss Cavity Raman Analyzer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3703-3711. [PMID: 36744943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of ambient outdoor trace hydrocarbons was investigated with a multipass Raman analyzer. It relies on a multimode blue laser diode receiving optical feedback from a retroreflecting multipass optical cavity, effectively creating an external cavity diode laser within which spontaneous Raman scattering enhancement occurs. When implemented with ultra-low-loss mirrors, a more than 20-fold increase in signal-to-background ratio was obtained, enabling proximity detection of trace motor vehicle exhaust gases such as H2, CO, NO, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6. In a 10-min-long measurement at double atmospheric pressure, the limits of detection obtained were near or below 100 ppb for most analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Singh
- Physics Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - A Muller
- Physics Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
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7
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Tharammal T, Bala G, Nusbaumer JM. Sources of water vapor and their effects on water isotopes in precipitation in the Indian monsoon region: a model-based assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:708. [PMID: 36639545 PMCID: PMC9839761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate records of ratios of stable water isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) are used to reconstruct the past Indian monsoon precipitation. Identifying the sources of water vapor is important in understanding the role of monsoonal circulation in the δ18O values, to aid in monsoon reconstructions. Here, using an isotope-enabled Earth system model, we estimate the contributions of oceanic and terrestrial water vapor sources to two major precipitation seasons in India-the Southwest monsoon and the Northeast monsoon, and their effects on the δ18O in precipitation (δ18Op). We find that the two monsoon seasons have different dominant sources of water vapor because of the reversal in atmospheric circulation. While Indian Ocean regions, Arabian Sea, and recycling are the major sources of the Southwest monsoon precipitation, North Pacific Ocean and recycling are two crucial sources of Northeast monsoon precipitation. The δ18Op of the Southwest monsoon precipitation is determined by contributions from the Indian Ocean sources and recycling. Despite reduced precipitation, more negative δ18Op values are simulated in the Northeast monsoon season due to larger negative δ18Op contributions from the North Pacific. Our results imply that changes in atmospheric circulation and water vapor sources in past climates can influence climate reconstructions using δ18O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejna Tharammal
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India ,grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Present Address: Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Govindasamy Bala
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jesse M. Nusbaumer
- grid.57828.300000 0004 0637 9680National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
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8
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Herman DI, Mead G, Giorgetta FR, Baumann E, Malarich NA, Washburn BR, Newbury NR, Coddington I, Cossel KC. Open-path measurement of stable water isotopologues using mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2023; 16:10.5194/amt-16-4053-2023. [PMID: 37961051 PMCID: PMC10642444 DOI: 10.5194/amt-16-4053-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an open-path mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) system capable of precise measurement of the stable water isotopologues H216O and HD16O. This system ran in a remote configuration at a rural test site for 3.75 months with 60% uptime and achieved a precision of < 2‰ on the normalized ratio of H216O and HD16O (δ D ) in 1000s. Here, we compare the δ D values from the DCS system to those from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) isotopologue point sensor network. Over the multi-month campaign, the mean difference between the DCS δ D values and the NEON δ D values from a similar ecosystem is < 2‰ with a standard deviation of 18‰, which demonstrates the inherent accuracy of DCS measurements over a variety of atmospheric conditions. We observe time-varying diurnal profiles and seasonal trends that are mostly correlated between the sites on daily timescales. This observation motivates the development of denser ecological monitoring networks aimed at understanding regional- and synoptic-scale water transport. Precise and accurate open-path measurements using DCS provide new capabilities for such networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Herman
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States of America
| | - Griffin Mead
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
| | - Fabrizio R. Giorgetta
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States of America
| | - Esther Baumann
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States of America
| | - Nathan A. Malarich
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Washburn
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States of America
| | - Nathan R. Newbury
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
| | - Ian Coddington
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Cossel
- Spectrum Technology and Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States of America
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9
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Hamperl J, Dherbecourt JB, Raybaut M, Totems J, Chazette P, Régalia L, Grouiez B, Geyskens N, Aouji O, Amarouche N, Melkonian JM, Santagata R, Godard A, Evesque C, Pasiskevicius V, Flamant C. Range-resolved detection of boundary layer stable water vapor isotopologues using a ground-based 1.98 µm differential absorption LIDAR. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:47199-47215. [PMID: 36558654 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a first demonstration of range-resolved differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) measurements of the water vapor main isotopologue H2 16O and the less abundant semi-heavy water isotopologue HD16O with the aim of determining the isotopic ratio. The presented Water Vapor and Isotope Lidar (WaVIL) instrument is based on a parametric laser source emitting nanosecond pulses at 1.98 µm and a direct-detection receiver utilizing a commercial InGaAs PIN photodiode. Vertical profiles of H2 16O and HD16O were acquired in the planetary boundary layer in the suburban Paris region up to a range of 1.5 km. For time averaging over 25 min, the achieved precision in the retrieved water vapor mixing ratio is 0.1 g kg-1 (2.5% relative error) at 0.4 km above ground level (a.g.l.) and 0.6 g kg-1 (20%) at 1 km a.g.l. for 150 m range bins along the LIDAR line of sight. For HD16O, weaker absorption has to be balanced with coarser vertical resolution (600 m range bins) in order to achieve similar relative precision. From the DIAL measurements of H2 16O and HD16O, the isotopic abundance δD was estimated as -51‰ at 0.4 km above the ground and -119‰ in the upper part of the boundary layer at 1.3 km a.g.l. Random and systematic errors are discussed in the form of an error budget, which shows that further instrumental improvements are required on the challenging path towards DIAL-profiling of the isotopic abundance with range resolution and precision suitable for water cycle studies.
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10
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Knapp S, Burls NJ, Dee S, Feng R, Feakins SJ, Bhattacharya T. A Pliocene Precipitation Isotope Proxy-Model Comparison Assessing the Hydrological Fingerprints of Sea Surface Temperature Gradients. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 2022; 37:e2021PA004401. [PMID: 37082439 PMCID: PMC10108060 DOI: 10.1029/2021pa004401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Pliocene offers insights into future climate, with near-modern atmospheric pCO2 and global mean surface temperature estimated to be 3-4°C above pre-industrial. However, the hydrological response differs between future global warming and early Pliocene climate model simulations. This discrepancy results from the use of reduced meridional and zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients, based on foraminiferal Mg/Ca and Alkenone proxy evidence, to force the early Pliocene simulation. Subsequent, SST reconstructions based on the organic proxy TEX86, have found warmer temperatures in the warm pool, bringing the magnitude of the gradient reductions into dispute. We design an independent test of Pliocene SST scenarios and their hydrological cycle "fingerprints." We use an isotope-enabled General Circulation Model, iCAM5, to model the distribution of water isotopes in precipitation in response to four climatological SST and sea-ice fields representing modern, abrupt 4 × CO2, late Pliocene and early Pliocene climates. We conduct a proxy-model comparison with all the available precipitation isotope proxy data, and we identify target regions that carry precipitation isotopic fingerprints of SST gradients as priorities for additional proxy reconstructions. We identify two regions with distinct precipitation isotope (D/H) fingerprints resulting from reduced SST gradients: the Maritime Continent (D-enriched due to reduced convective rainfall) and the Sahel (wetter, more deep convection, D-depleted). The proxy-model comparison using available plant wax reconstructions, mostly from Africa, is promising but inconclusive. Additional proxy reconstructions are needed in both target regions and in much of the world for significant tests of SST scenarios and dynamical linkages to the hydrological cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Knapp
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Earth SciencesGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVAUSA
| | - Natalie J. Burls
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Earth SciencesGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVAUSA
| | - Sylvia Dee
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary SciencesRice UniversityHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ran Feng
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCNUSA
| | - Sarah J. Feakins
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Tripti Bhattacharya
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNYUSA
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11
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Zannoni D, Steen‐Larsen HC, Peters AJ, Wahl S, Sodemann H, Sveinbjörnsdóttir AE. Non-Equilibrium Fractionation Factors for D/H and 18O/ 16O During Oceanic Evaporation in the North-West Atlantic Region. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2022JD037076. [PMID: 36582456 PMCID: PMC9786641 DOI: 10.1029/2022jd037076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ocean isotopic evaporation models, such as the Craig-Gordon model, rely on the description of nonequilibrium fractionation factors that are, in general, poorly constrained. To date, only a few gradient-diffusion type measurements have been performed in ocean settings to test the validity of the commonly used parametrization of nonequilibrium isotopic fractionation during ocean evaporation. In this work, we present 6 months of water vapor isotopic observations collected from a meteorological tower located in the northwest Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda) with the objective of estimating nonequilibrium fractionation factors (k, ‰) for ocean evaporation and their wind speed dependency. The Keeling Plot method and Craig-Gordon model combination were sensitive enough to resolve nonequilibrium fractionation factors during evaporation resulting into mean values of k 18 = 5.2 ± 0.6‰ and k 2 = 4.3 ± 3.4‰. Furthermore, we evaluate the relationship between k and 10-m wind speed over the ocean. Such a relationship is expected from current evaporation theory and from laboratory experiments made in the 1970s, but observational evidence is lacking. We show that (a) in the observed wind speed range [0-10 m s-1], the sensitivity of k to wind speed is small, in the order of -0.2‰ m-1 s for k 18, and (b) there is no empirical evidence for the presence of a discontinuity between smooth and rough wind speed regime during isotopic fractionation, as proposed in earlier studies. The water vapor d-excess variability predicted under the closure assumption using the k values estimated in this study is in agreement with observations over the Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Zannoni
- Geophysical InstituteUniversity of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
| | - H. C. Steen‐Larsen
- Geophysical InstituteUniversity of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
| | - A. J. Peters
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean SciencesSt. George’sBermuda
| | - S. Wahl
- Geophysical InstituteUniversity of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
| | - H. Sodemann
- Geophysical InstituteUniversity of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
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12
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Wei CS, Zhao ZF. Paradoxically lowered oxygen isotopes of hydrothermally altered minerals by an evolved magmatic water. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16213. [PMID: 36171246 PMCID: PMC9519577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well known that the influxing meteoric water can hydrothermally lower oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of rocks and/or minerals during continental magmatic or metamorphic processes in certain appropriate cases. Its opposite, however, is not implicitly true and needs independent testing. In terms of a novel procedure recently proposed for dealing with thermodynamic re-equilibration of oxygen isotopes between constituent minerals and water from fossil hydrothermal systems, the initial oxygen isotopes of water (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\updelta }^{18}{\text{O}}_{\text{W}}^{\text{i}}$$\end{document}δ18OWi) are theoretically inverted from the early Cretaceous post-collisional granitoids and Triassic gneissic country rock across the Dabie orogen in central-eastern China. Despite ancient meteoric waters with low \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\updelta }^{18}{\text{O}}_{\text{W}}^{\text{i}}$$\end{document}δ18OWi value down to − 11.01 ± 0.43‰ (one standard deviation, 1SD), oxygen isotopes of hydrothermally altered rock-forming minerals from a granitoid were unexpectedly but concurrently lowered by an evolved magmatic water with mildly high \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\updelta }^{18}{\text{O}}_{\text{W}}^{\text{i}}$$\end{document}δ18OWi value of 2.81 ± 0.05‰ at 375 °C with a water/rock (W/R)c ratio of 1.78 ± 0.20 for the closed system. The lifetime of fossil hydrothermal systems studied herein is kinetically constrained to no more than 1.2 million years (Myr) via surface-reaction oxygen exchange in the late-stage of continental magmatism or metamorphism. Thereby, caution should be paid when lowered oxygen isotopes of hydrothermally altered rocks and/or minerals were intuitively and/or empirically inferred from the external infiltration of the purely meteoric water with a low \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\updelta }^{18}{\text{O}}_{\text{W}}^{\text{i}}$$\end{document}δ18OWi value alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Zi-Fu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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13
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Inverse altitude effect disputes the theoretical foundation of stable isotope paleoaltimetry. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4371. [PMID: 35902582 PMCID: PMC9334263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope paleoaltimetry that reconstructs paleoelevation requires stable isotope (δD or δ18O) values to follow the altitude effect. Some studies found that the δD or δ18O values of surface isotopic carriers in some regions increase with increasing altitude, which is defined as an “inverse altitude effect” (IAE). The IAE directly contradicts the basic theory of stable isotope paleoaltimetry. However, the causes of the IAE remain unclear. Here, we explore the mechanisms of the IAE from an atmospheric circulation perspective using δD in water vapor on a global scale. We find that two processes cause the IAE: (1) the supply of moisture with higher isotopic values from distant source regions, and (2) intense lateral mixing between the lower and mid-troposphere along the moisture transport pathway. Therefore, we caution that the influences of those two processes need careful consideration for different mountain uplift stages before using stable isotope palaeoaltimetry. The “inverse altitude effect” (IEA) directly contradicts the basic theory of stable isotope paleoaltimetry. This study explores the causes of the IAE from an atmospheric circulation perspective using δD in water vapor on the global scale.
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14
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Hu Y, Xiao W, Wang J, Welp LR, Xie C, Chu H, Lee X. Quantifying the contribution of evaporation from Lake Taihu to precipitation with an isotope-based method. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2022; 58:258-276. [PMID: 35380075 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2056599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Moisture recycling plays a crucial role in regional hydrological budgets. The isotopic composition of precipitation has long been considered as a good tracer to investigate moisture recycling. This study quantifies the moisture recycling fractions (fr) in the Lake Taihu region using spatial variations of deuterium excess in precipitation (dP) and surface water vapour flux (dE). Results show that dP at a site downwind of the lake was higher than that at an upwind site, indicating the influence of lake moisture recycling. Spatial variations in dP after sub-cloud evaporation corrections were 2.3, 1.4 and 3.2 ‰, and dE values were 27.4, 32.3 and 31.4 ‰ for the first winter monsoon, the summer monsoon and the second winter monsoon, respectively. Moisture recycling fractions were 0.48 ± 0.13, 0.07 ± 0.03 and 0.38 ± 0.05 for the three monsoon periods, respectively. Both using the lake parameterization kinetic fractionation factors or neglecting sub-cloud evaporation would decrease fr, and the former has a larger influence on the fr calculation. The larger fr in the winter monsoon periods was mainly caused by lower specific humidity of airmasses but comparable moisture uptake along their trajectories compared to the summer monsoon period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Hu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisa R Welp
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chengyu Xie
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Chu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Lee
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Wang Y, Yu W, Luo L, Li M, Liu X, Guo R, Ma Y, Xu B, Wu G, Zhao C, Jing Z, Wei F, Cui J, Zhang J, Qu D. How do precipitation events modify the stable isotope ratios in leaf water at Lhasa on the southern Tibetan Plateau? ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2022; 58:229-246. [PMID: 35503680 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2062343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Serving as a medium between source water and cellulose, leaf water contributes to the isotope ratios (δ18O, δ2H) of plant organic matter, which can be used for paleoclimate reconstruction. This study is the first to examine the diurnal variations in the δ18O and δ2H of leaf water on the southern Tibetan Plateau. The δ18O and δ2H of leaf water were relatively low when precipitation events occurred. In particular, 18O and 2H of leaf water became extremely depleted 5 h after the precipitation event. Our findings demonstrate that precipitation can modify the isotope ratios of leaf water from external and internal causes. First, precipitation events affect meteorological elements, lead to decreases in leaf transpiration, and immediately weaken the isotope enrichment of leaf water ('rapid effect' of precipitation). Second, precipitation events affect the internal plant-soil water cycle process, causing the plant to preferentially use deeper soil water, and the corresponding isotope ratios of leaf water exhibit extremely low values 5 h after precipitation events ('delay effect' of precipitation). This study suggests that researchers need to be cautious in separating the signals of precipitation and hydrological processes when interpreting isotope records preserved in tree-ring cellulose archives from the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wusheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Zhao
- Land Science Research Center, School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Jing
- Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center, Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Feili Wei
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Cui
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Villalobos-Forbes M, Esquivel-Hernández G, Sánchez-Murillo R, Sánchez-Gutiérrez R, Matiatos I. Stable isotopic characterization of nitrate wet deposition in the tropical urban atmosphere of Costa Rica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67577-67592. [PMID: 34258705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing energy consumption and food production worldwide results in anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen into the atmosphere. To date, however, little information is available on tropical urban environments where inorganic nitrogen is vastly transported and deposited through precipitation on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To fill this gap, we present compositions of water stable isotopes in precipitation and atmospheric nitrate (δ18O-H2O, δ2H-H2O, δ15N-NO3-, and δ18O-NO3-) collected daily between August 2018 and November 2019 in a tropical urban atmosphere of central Costa Rica. Rainfall generation processes (convective and stratiform rainfall fractions) were identified using stable isotopes in precipitation coupled with air mass back trajectory analysis. A Bayesian isotope mixing model using δ15N-NO3- compositions and corrected for potential 15N fractionation effects revealed the contribution of lightning (25.9 ± 7.1%), biomass burning (21.8 ± 6.6%), gasoline (19.1 ± 6.4%), diesel (18.4 ± 6.0%), and soil biogenic emissions (15.0 ± 2.6%) to nitrate wet deposition. δ18O-NO3- values reflect the oxidation of NOx sources via the ·OH + RO2 pathways. These findings provide necessary baseline information about the combination of water and nitrogen stable isotopes with atmospheric chemistry and hydrometeorological techniques to better understand wet deposition processes and to characterize the origin and magnitude of inorganic nitrogen loadings in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villalobos-Forbes
- Stable Isotopes Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Water Resources Management Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Germain Esquivel-Hernández
- Stable Isotopes Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica.
- Water Resources Management Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica.
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
- Stable Isotopes Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Water Resources Management Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Rolando Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Stable Isotopes Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Water Resources Management Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- Isotope Hydrology Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Singh J, Muller A. Isotopic trace analysis of water vapor with multipass cavity Raman scattering. Analyst 2021; 146:6482-6489. [PMID: 34581323 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced spontaneous Raman scattering was investigated as a means of simple and inexpensive isotopic water analysis. A multimode blue laser diode equipped with a feedback-generating multipass cavity provided a 100-fold Raman enhancement at a pump linewidth of 3.5 cm-1. Samples containing trace amounts of 1H2H16O were probed at deuterium-hydrogen concentration ratios ranging from 157 parts-per-million (local seawater) down to 8 parts-per-million (deuterium depleted water). All measurements were performed in argon or dried air at atmospheric pressure at 1H2H16O concentrations nearing 100 parts per billion with an uncooled camera at exposure times as short as a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Singh
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA.
| | - Andreas Muller
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA.
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18
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Tada M, Yoshimura K, Toride K. Improving weather forecasting by assimilation of water vapor isotopes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18067. [PMID: 34521864 PMCID: PMC8440787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable water isotopes, which depend on meteorology and terrain, are important indicators of global water circulation. During the past 10 years, major advances have been made in general circulation models that include water isotopes, and the understanding of water isotopes has greatly progressed as a result of innovative, improved observation techniques. However, no previous studies have combined modeled and observed isotopes using data assimilation, nor have they investigated the impacts of real observations of isotopes. This is the first study to assimilate real satellite observations of isotopes using a general circulation model, then investigate the impacts on global dynamics and local phenomena. The results showed that assimilating isotope data improved not only the water isotope field but also meteorological variables such as air temperature and wind speed. Furthermore, the forecast skills of these variables were improved by a few percent, compared with a model that did not assimilate isotope observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Tada
- Japan Weather Association, 55F Sunshine City 60, Higashiikebukuro 3-1-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-6055, Japan
| | - Kei Yoshimura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8574, Japan.
| | - Kinya Toride
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8574, Japan.,Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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19
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Bhattacharya S, Pal M, Panda B, Pradhan M. Spectroscopic investigation of hydrogen and triple-oxygen isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and precipitation during Indian monsoon season. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:368-385. [PMID: 34080500 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1931169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water vapor, the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, has four natural stable isotopologues (H216O, H217O, H218O and HD16O), and their isotopic compositions can be used as hydrological tracers. But the underlying processes and pattern-dynamics of the isotopic compositions of atmospheric water vapor and precipitation in response to various meteorological conditions during monsoon season in a tropical hot and humid region is poorly understood. Here, we present results of H and triple-O-isotopes of water in precipitation and atmospheric water vapor during monsoon season exploiting high-resolution integrated cavity output spectroscopy technique. We observed a distinct temporal variation of the isotopic compositions of water at different phases of the monsoon. The diurnal patterns of the isotopic variations were influenced by the local meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity and amount of precipitation. We also investigated the monsoonal dynamics of the second-order isotopic parameters, so-called d-excess and 17O-excess along with the influence of local meteorological factors on isotopic variations to improve our understanding of the underlying isotopic fractionation processes. Consequently, our results provide a unique isotopic-fingerprint dataset of rainwater and atmospheric water vapor for a tropical region and thus shed a new light on hydrological and meteorological processes in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Bhattacharya
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
| | - Mithun Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
| | - Biswajit Panda
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
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20
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Nyamgerel Y, Han Y, Kim M, Koh D, Lee J. Review on Applications of 17O in Hydrological Cycle. Molecules 2021; 26:4468. [PMID: 34361621 PMCID: PMC8347044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple oxygen isotopes (16O, 17O, and 18O) are very useful in hydrological and climatological studies because of their sensitivity to environmental conditions. This review presents an overview of the published literature on the potential applications of 17O in hydrological studies. Dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser absorption spectroscopy have been used to measure 17O, which provides information on atmospheric conditions at the moisture source and isotopic fractionations during transport and deposition processes. The variations of δ17O from the developed global meteoric water line, with a slope of 0.528, indicate the importance of regional or local effects on the 17O distribution. In polar regions, factors such as the supersaturation effect, intrusion of stratospheric vapor, post-depositional processes (local moisture recycling through sublimation), regional circulation patterns, sea ice concentration and local meteorological conditions determine the distribution of 17O-excess. Numerous studies have used these isotopes to detect the changes in the moisture source, mixing of different water vapor, evaporative loss in dry regions, re-evaporation of rain drops during warm precipitation and convective storms in low and mid-latitude waters. Owing to the large variation of the spatial scale of hydrological processes with their extent (i.e., whether the processes are local or regional), more studies based on isotopic composition of surface and subsurface water, convective precipitation, and water vapor, are required. In particular, in situ measurements are important for accurate simulations of atmospheric hydrological cycles by isotope-enabled general circulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalalt Nyamgerel
- Department of Science Education (Earth Sciences), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Minji Kim
- Department of Science Education (Earth Sciences), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Dongchan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea;
| | - Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Science Education (Earth Sciences), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.)
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21
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Isotopic Composition of Precipitation in a Southeastern Region of Brazil during the Action of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen is a tool widely used to trace water paths along the hydrological cycle, providing support for understanding climatic conditions in different spatial scales. One of the main synoptic scale events acting in southeastern Brazil is the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), which causes a large amount of precipitation from southern Amazonia to southeastern Brazil during the southern summer. In order to determine the isotopic composition of precipitation during the action of SACZ in São Francisco Xavier in southeastern Brazil, information from the Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies Center of the National Institute for Space Research (CPTEC) was used regarding SACZ performance days, the retrograde trajectories of the HYSPLIT model, and images from the GOES-16 satellite, in addition to the non-parametric statistical tests by Spearman and Kruskal–Wallis. A high frequency of air mass trajectories from the Amazon to southeastern Brazil was observed when the SACZ was operating. During the SACZ events, the average isotopic composition of precipitation was more depleted, with a δ18O of −9.9‰ (±2.1‰), a δ2H of −69.3‰ (±17.9‰), and d-excess of 10.1‰ (±4.0‰). When disregarding the SACZ performance, the annual isotopic composition can present an enrichment of 1.0‰ for δ18O and 8.8‰ for the δ2H. The long-term monitoring of trends in the isotopic composition of precipitation during the SACZ events can assist in indicating the evapotranspiration contribution of the Amazon rainforest to the water supply of southeastern Brazil.
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22
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Vapor isotopic evidence for the worsening of winter air quality by anthropogenic combustion-derived water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33005-33010. [PMID: 33323486 PMCID: PMC7777102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922840117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Water vapor emitted from anthropogenic combustion for winter heating in northern China may exacerbate air pollution. This hypothesis is of considerable scientific and environmental interest. We conducted a multiyear sampling campaign of air vapor isotope compositions and associated atmospheric data from the city of Xi’an, located in an enclosed basin in northwestern China. We found that the fraction of combustion-derived water vapor increases with increasing relative humidity and with the concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm in polluted conditions based on field observation, isotopic analysis, and numerical simulation. Our results demonstrated that combustion-derived water is nontrivial when considering energy policy for improving air quality. Anthropogenic combustion-derived water (CDW) may accumulate in an airshed due to stagnant air, which may further enhance the formation of secondary aerosols and worsen air quality. Here we collected three-winter-season, hourly resolution, water-vapor stable H and O isotope compositions together with atmospheric physical and chemical data from the city of Xi’an, located in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB) in northwestern China, to elucidate the role of CDW in particulate pollution. Based on our experimentally determined water vapor isotope composition of the CDW for individual and weighted fuels in the basin, we found that CDW constitutes 6.2% of the atmospheric moisture on average and its fraction is positively correlated with [PM2.5] (concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) as well as relative humidity during the periods of rising [PM2.5]. Our modeling results showed that CDW added additional average 4.6 μg m−3 PM2.5 during severely polluted conditions in the GZB, which corresponded to an average 5.1% of local anthropogenic [PM2.5] (average at ∼91.0 μg m−3). Our result is consistent with the proposed positive feedback between the relative humidity and a moisture sensitive air-pollution condition, alerting to the nontrivial role of CDW when considering change of energy structure such as a massive coal-to-gas switch in household heating in winter.
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23
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Cao T, Han D, Song X, Trolle D. Subsurface hydrological processes and groundwater residence time in a coastal alluvium aquifer: Evidence from environmental tracers (δ 18O, δ 2H, CFCs, 3H) combined with hydrochemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140684. [PMID: 32758828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of the water cycle, the hydrologic process and chemical compositions of groundwater have changed significantly due to the joint influence of climate change and human activities. Groundwater salinization becomes a serious threat to water security in coastal areas. In order to assess the relationships between surface water, groundwater and seawater in the coastal plain, we performed a synthesis study based on hydrochemical-isotopic data, hydro-dynamical records and environmental tracers. Deuterium and oxygen isotopes and water chemical indicators were used to identify pollution status, salt sources and migration processes. Radioactive isotopes and gaseous tracers were used to obtain reasonable groundwater age. With the help of multi-tracer approach, the surface-groundwater interaction, salinization of groundwater and nitrate pollution were identified in the Yang-Dai River plain, northern China. The estimated groundwater ages determined from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium (3H) ranges from 18 to 41 years in this area, suggesting a modern groundwater circulation. The spatial distribution of the groundwater age varies significantly due to horizontal hydrogeological heterogeneity. The total dissolved solids (TDS) content of the groundwater near the Well Field (average: 970 mg/L) was higher than the TDS values in samples derived from places located at an equivalent distance to the coastal line (average is 708 mg/L), which resulted from the vertical seawater intrusion through river channels and pollutant inputs from agriculture activities. The nitrate concentrations in groundwater were elevated up to 271 mg/L and increased with increasing groundwater age, which was another water environment problem that should be solved urgently but lacks sufficient attention for years. This study provides a conceptual model with a number of comparable hydrochemical information, which is significant for regional pollution control and water resources management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 10019, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 10019, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xianfang Song
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 10019, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dennis Trolle
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej, Silkeborg, Denmark
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24
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Bishop JL, Unger R, Faiia AM, Szynkiewicz A, Auxier JD, Hall HL, Lang M. Thermal signatures of Cu metal revealed through oxygen isotope fractionation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Wolf A, Roberts WHG, Ersek V, Johnson KR, Griffiths ML. Rainwater isotopes in central Vietnam controlled by two oceanic moisture sources and rainout effects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16482. [PMID: 33020586 PMCID: PMC7536182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of palaeoclimate archives based on oxygen isotopes depends critically on a detailed understanding of processes controlling the isotopic composition of precipitation. In the summer monsoonal realm, like Southeast Asia, seasonally and interannually depleted oxygen isotope ratios in precipitation have been linked to the summer monsoon strength. However, in some regions, such as central Vietnam, the majority of precipitation falls outside the summer monsoon period. We investigate processes controlling stable isotopes in precipitation from central Vietnam by combining moisture uptake calculations with monthly stable isotope data observed over five years. We find that the isotopic seasonal cycle in this region is driven by a shift in moisture source from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea. This shift is reflected in oxygen isotope ratios with low values (− 8 to − 10‰) during summer and high values during spring/winter (0 to − 3‰), while 70% of the annual rainfall occurs during autumn. Interannual changes in precipitation isotopes in central Vietnam are governed by the timing of the seasonal onset and withdrawal of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which controls the amount of vapour contributed from each source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Wolf
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - William H G Roberts
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Vasile Ersek
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Kathleen R Johnson
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael L Griffiths
- Department of Environmental Science, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
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26
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Larsen G, Babineau D. An Evaluation of the Global Effects of Tritium Emissions from Nuclear Fusion Power. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Risi C, Muller C, Blossey P. What Controls the Water Vapor Isotopic Composition Near the Surface of Tropical Oceans? Results From an Analytical Model Constrained by Large-Eddy Simulations. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2020; 12:e2020MS002106. [PMID: 32999707 PMCID: PMC7507762 DOI: 10.1029/2020ms002106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to understand the mechanisms controlling the isotopic composition of the water vapor near the surface of tropical oceans, at the scale of about a hundred kilometers and a month. In the tropics, it has long been observed that the isotopic compositions of rain and vapor near the surface are more depleted when the precipitation rate is high. This is called the "amount effect." Previous studies, based on observations or models with parameterized convection, have highlighted the roles of deep convective and mesoscale downdrafts and rain evaporation. But the relative importance of these processes has never been quantified. We hypothesize that it can be quantified using an analytical model constrained by large-eddy simulations. Results from large-eddy simulations confirm that the classical amount effect can be simulated only if precipitation rate changes result from changes in the large-scale circulation. We find that the main process depleting the water vapor compared to the equilibrium with the ocean is the fact that updrafts stem from areas where the water vapor is more enriched. The main process responsible for the amount effect is the fact that when the large-scale ascent increases, isotopic vertical gradients are steeper, so that updrafts and downdrafts deplete the subcloud layer more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Risi
- Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Normale SuperieureSorbonne Universite, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Caroline Muller
- Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Normale SuperieureSorbonne Universite, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Peter Blossey
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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28
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Long-term trend of precipitation stable isotopic compositions under global warming conditions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Provis-Evans CB, Farrar EHE, Grayson MN, Webster RL, Hill AK. Highly Sensitive Real-Time Isotopic Quantification of Water by ATR-FTIR. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7500-7507. [PMID: 32347712 PMCID: PMC7467411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed to reliably quantify the isotopic composition of liquid water, requiring only immersion of a "ReactIR" probe in the sample under test. The accuracy and robustness of this method has been extensively tested using a deuterium/protium system, and substantial improvements in sensitivity were obtained using highly novel chemical signal amplification methods demonstrating a standard deviation of 247 ppb D (a δD of 1.6 ‰). This compares favorably with other more costly and time-consuming techniques and is over 20 times more sensitive than any previously published FTIR study. Computational simulations of a model system match the experimental data and show how these methods can be adapted to a tritium/protium system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cei B. Provis-Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred K. Hill
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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30
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Stephens GL, Slingo JM, Rignot E, Reager JT, Hakuba MZ, Durack PJ, Worden J, Rocca R. Earth's water reservoirs in a changing climate. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20190458. [PMID: 32398926 PMCID: PMC7209137 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress towards achieving a quantitative understanding of the exchanges of water between Earth's main water reservoirs is reviewed with emphasis on advances accrued from the latest advances in Earth Observation from space. These exchanges of water between the reservoirs are a result of processes that are at the core of important physical Earth-system feedbacks, which fundamentally control the response of Earth's climate to the greenhouse gas forcing it is now experiencing, and are therefore vital to understanding the future evolution of Earth's climate. The changing nature of global mean sea level (GMSL) is the context for discussion of these exchanges. Different sources of satellite observations that are used to quantify ice mass loss and water storage over continents, how water can be tracked to its source using water isotope information and how the waters in different reservoirs influence the fluxes of water between reservoirs are described. The profound influence of Earth's hydrological cycle, including human influences on it, on the rate of GMSL rise is emphasized. The many intricate ways water cycle processes influence water exchanges between reservoirs and thus sea-level rise, including disproportionate influences by the tiniest water reservoirs, are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme L. Stephens
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Eric Rignot
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - John T. Reager
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Maria Z. Hakuba
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, CO 80525, USA
| | - Paul J. Durack
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - John Worden
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Remy Rocca
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, LEGOS, Toulouse, France
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31
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Relating Moisture Transport to Stable Water Vapor Isotopic Variations of Ambient Wintertime along the Western Coast of Korea. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric water vapor transfers energy, causes meteorological phenomena and can be modified by climate change in the western coast region of Korea. In Korea, previous studies have utilized precipitation isotopic compositions in the water cycle for correlations with climate variables, but there are few studies using water vapor isotopes. In this study, water vapor was directly collected by a cryogenic method, analyzed for its isotopic compositions, and used to trace the origin and history of water vapor in the western coastal region of Korea during the winter of 2015/2016. Our analysis of paired mixing ratios with water vapor isotopes can explain the mechanism of water vapor isotopic fractionation and the extent of the mixing of two different air masses. We confirm the correlation between water vapor isotopes and meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, and specific humidity. The main water vapor in winter was derived from the continental polar region of northern Asia and showed an enrichment of 10 per mil (δ18O) through the evaporation of the Yellow Sea. Our results demonstrate the utility of using ground-based isotope observations as a complementary resource for constraining isotope-enabled Global Circulation Model in future investigations of atmospheric water cycles. These measurements are expected to support climate studies (speleothem) in the west coast region of Korea.
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32
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Pradhan R, Singh N, Singh RP. Onset of summer monsoon in Northeast India is preceded by enhanced transpiration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18646. [PMID: 31819130 PMCID: PMC6901459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in isotopic composition of water vapor in the atmosphere is an important indicator of the processes within the hydrological cycle. Isotopic signature of water vapor and precipitation can be helpful in partitioning evaporation and transpiration fluxes. It is well known that transpiration from forested regions supplies a significant amount of vapor to the atmosphere in monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Here, we utilize observations from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Atmospheric Infra-Red Sounder (AIRS) and simulation models to ascertain that transpiration is dominant in the forests of Northeast India (NE) during pre-monsoon season. Our results show an increase in δD of 78.0 ± 7.1‰ and in specific humidity of 3.1 ± 0.2 g kg-1 during the pre-monsoon months of April-May compared to January-February. In the monsoon months of July-August, δD reduces by 53.0 ± 6.5‰ albeit the specific humidity increases by 3.4 ± 0.2 g kg-1. Using joint observations of specific humidity and isotope ratio in lower troposphere, we discern the moisture sources over NE India in pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons and posit the role of transpiration in continental recycling during pre-monsoon season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pradhan
- Land Hydrology Division, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, 380 015, India.
| | - Nimisha Singh
- Land Hydrology Division, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, 380 015, India
| | - Raghavendra P Singh
- Land Hydrology Division, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, 380 015, India
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33
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Dubbert M, Werner C. Water fluxes mediated by vegetation: emerging isotopic insights at the soil and atmosphere interfaces. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1754-1763. [PMID: 30341780 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants mediate water fluxes within the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum. This water transfer in soils, through plants, into the atmosphere can be effectively traced by stable isotopologues of water. However, rapid dynamic processes have only recently gained attention, such as adaptations in root water uptake depths (within hours to days) or the imprint of transpirational fluxes on atmospheric moisture, particularly promoted by the development of real-time in-situ water vapour stable isotope observation techniques. We focus on open questions and emerging insights at the soil-plant and plant-atmosphere interfaces, as we believe that these are the controlling factors for ecosystem water cycling. At both interfaces, complex pictures of interacting ecophysiological and hydrological processes emerge: root water uptake dynamics depend on both spatiotemporal variations in water availability and species-specific regulation of adaptive root conductivity within the rooting system by, for example, modulating soil-root conductivity in response to water and nutrient demands. Similarly, plant water transport and losses are a fine-tuned interplay between species-specific structural and functional strategies of water use and atmospheric processes. We propose that only by explicitly merging insights from distinct disciplines - for example, hydrology, plant physiology and atmospheric sciences - will we gain a holistic picture of the impact of vegetation on processes governing the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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34
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Wei Z, Lee X, Aemisegger F, Benetti M, Berkelhammer M, Casado M, Caylor K, Christner E, Dyroff C, García O, González Y, Griffis T, Kurita N, Liang J, Liang MC, Lin G, Noone D, Gribanov K, Munksgaard NC, Schneider M, Ritter F, Steen-Larsen HC, Vallet-Coulomb C, Wen X, Wright JS, Xiao W, Yoshimura K. A global database of water vapor isotopes measured with high temporal resolution infrared laser spectroscopy. Sci Data 2019; 6:180302. [PMID: 30667381 PMCID: PMC6343514 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The isotopic composition of water vapour provides integrated perspectives on the hydrological histories of air masses and has been widely used for tracing physical processes in hydrological and climatic studies. Over the last two decades, the infrared laser spectroscopy technique has been used to measure the isotopic composition of water vapour near the Earth's surface. Here, we have assembled a global database of high temporal resolution stable water vapour isotope ratios (δ18O and δD) observed using this measurement technique. As of March 2018, the database includes data collected at 35 sites in 15 Köppen climate zones from the years 2004 to 2017. The key variables in each dataset are hourly values of δ18O and δD in atmospheric water vapour. To support interpretation of the isotopologue data, synchronized time series of standard meteorological variables from in situ observations and ERA5 reanalyses are also provided. This database is intended to serve as a centralized platform allowing researchers to share their vapour isotope datasets, thus facilitating investigations that transcend disciplinary and geographic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwang Wei
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- River and Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuhui Lee
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Marion Benetti
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Max Berkelhammer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mathieu Casado
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kelly Caylor
- Department of Geography, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Emanuel Christner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-TRO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Omaira García
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Yenny González
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Griffis
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Naoyuki Kurita
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Chang Liang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Guanghui Lin
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - David Noone
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Niels C. Munksgaard
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - François Ritter
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wei Xiao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kei Yoshimura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Contributions of Atmospheric Transport and Rain–Vapor Exchange to Near-Surface Water Vapor in the Zhanjiang Mangrove Reserve, Southern China: An Isotopic Perspective. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9090365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coastal mangroves are increasingly recognized as valuable natural resources and important sites of water and carbon exchange. In this study, we examine atmospheric water cycling in the boundary layer above a coastal mangrove forest in southern China. We collected site observations of isotopic ratios in water vapor and precipitation along with core meteorological variables during July 2017. Our evaluation of these data highlights the influences of large-scale atmospheric transport and rain–vapor exchange in the boundary layer water budget. Rain–vapor exchange takes different forms for different types of rainfall events. The evolution of isotopic ratios in water vapor suggests that substantial rain recycling occurs during the passage of large-scale organized convective systems, but that this process is much weaker during rainfall associated with less organized events of local origin. We further examine the influences of large-scale transport during the observation period using a Lagrangian trajectory-based moisture source analysis. More than half (63%) of the boundary layer moisture during the study period traced back to the South China Sea, consistent with prevailing southerly to southwesterly flow. Other important moisture sources included mainland Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean, local land areas (e.g., Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula), and the Pacific Ocean. Together, these five regions contributed more than 90% of the water vapor. The most pronounced changes in isotopic content due to large-scale transport during the study period were related to the passage of Tropical Storm Talas. The outer rain bands of this tropical cyclone passed over the measurement site on 15–17 July, causing a sharp reduction in the heavy isotopic content of boundary layer water vapor and a substantial increase in deuterium excess. These changes are consistent with extensive isotopic distillation and rain–vapor exchange in downdrafts associated with the intense convective systems produced by this storm.
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36
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Munksgaard NC, Cheesman AW, Gray-Spence A, Cernusak LA, Bird MI. Automated calibration of laser spectrometer measurements of δ 18 O and δ 2 H values in water vapour using a Dew Point Generator. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1008-1014. [PMID: 29603458 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Continuous measurement of stable O and H isotope compositions in water vapour requires automated calibration for remote field deployments. We developed a new low-cost device for calibration of both water vapour mole fraction and isotope composition. METHODS We coupled a commercially available dew point generator (DPG) to a laser spectrometer and developed hardware for water and air handling along with software for automated operation and data processing. We characterised isotopic fractionation in the DPG, conducted a field test and assessed the influence of critical parameters on the performance of the device. RESULTS An analysis time of 1 hour was sufficient to achieve memory-free analysis of two water vapour standards and the δ18 O and δ2 H values were found to be independent of water vapour concentration over a range of ≈20,000-33,000 ppm. The reproducibility of the standard vapours over a 10-day period was better than 0.14 ‰ and 0.75 ‰ for δ18 O and δ2 H values, respectively (1 σ, n = 11) prior to drift correction and calibration. The analytical accuracy was confirmed by the analysis of a third independent vapour standard. The DPG distillation process requires that isotope calibration takes account of DPG temperature, analysis time, injected water volume and air flow rate. CONCLUSIONS The automated calibration system provides high accuracy and precision and is a robust, cost-effective option for long-term field measurements of water vapour isotopes. The necessary modifications to the DPG are minor and easily reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Munksgaard
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Andrew Gray-Spence
- Information & Communications Technology, Division of Services and Resources, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Michael I Bird
- College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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37
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Nusbaumer J, Noone D. Numerical Evaluation of the Modern and Future Origins of Atmospheric River Moisture over the West Coast of the United States. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:6423-6442. [PMID: 30381797 PMCID: PMC6204266 DOI: 10.1029/2017jd028081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric rivers are one of the major causes of extreme precipitation and flooding in many regions around the world, and have been found to contribute substantially to global poleward moisture transport. However, the evaporative origin of the moisture in atmospheric rivers remains unclear, at least on climatological time-scales. Here we use the water tracer and water isotope-enabled CAM5 model to examine the moisture sources of atmospheric rivers that impact the West Coast of the United States. The climatological distribution of moisture sources is determined for both the modern-era and for 2100 under an RCP8.5 scenario. It is found that 33 to 53 % of the precipitable water over the West Coast of the United States originates from the Northeast Pacific, in particular the midlatitudes and subtropics, although in JJA more moisture is recycled from continental regions. It is also found that although atmospheric rivers are at least 70 % Northeast Pacific moisture, a significant amount of the moisture is derived from tropical latitudes (>15 % from south of 20° N). It is found that in the warmer 2100 climate there is a 39 % increase in the magnitude of ARs. In this future epoch, moisture is transported from more remote regions for all seasons and for both atmospheric rivers and the average climatology. To provide future observational evidence that this model result is robust, it is shown that water isotopes provide an observational constraint on the moisture transport pathways, and thus the possibility to observe changes in moisture source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Nusbaumer
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David Noone
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
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38
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Application of Stable Isotope Tracer to Study Runoff Generation during Different Types of Rainfall Events. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Nehrir AR, Kiemle C, Lebsock MD, Kirchengast G, Buehler SA, Löhnert U, Liu CL, Hargrave PC, Barrera-Verdejo M, Winker DM. Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles. SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS 2017; 38:1445-1482. [PMID: 31997843 PMCID: PMC6956949 DOI: 10.1007/s10712-017-9448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of how clouds will respond to a warming climate is one of the outstanding challenges in climate science. Uncertainties in the response of clouds, and particularly shallow clouds, have been identified as the dominant source of the discrepancy in model estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity. As the community gains a deeper understanding of the many processes involved, there is a growing appreciation of the critical role played by fluctuations in water vapor and the coupling of water vapor and atmospheric circulations. Reduction of uncertainties in cloud-climate feedbacks and convection initiation as well as improved understanding of processes governing these effects will result from profiling of water vapor in the lower troposphere with improved accuracy and vertical resolution compared to existing airborne and space-based measurements. This paper highlights new technologies and improved measurement approaches for measuring lower tropospheric water vapor and their expected added value to current observations. Those include differential absorption lidar and radar, microwave occultation between low-Earth orbiters, and hyperspectral microwave remote sensing. Each methodology is briefly explained, and measurement capabilities as well as the current technological readiness for aircraft and satellite implementation are specified. Potential synergies between the technologies are discussed, actual examples hereof are given, and future perspectives are explored. Based on technical maturity and the foreseen near-mid-term development path of the various discussed measurement approaches, we find that improved measurements of water vapor throughout the troposphere would greatly benefit from the combination of differential absorption lidar focusing on the lower troposphere with passive remote sensors constraining the upper-tropospheric humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Kiemle
- DLR, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Mathew D. Lebsock
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - Gottfried Kirchengast
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC) and Institute for Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Meteorology/Inst. of Physics, University of Graz, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Stefan A. Buehler
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Meteorological Institute, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Löhnert
- Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 3, 50969 Cologne, Germany
| | - Cong-Liang Liu
- National Space Science Center (NSSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Peter C. Hargrave
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
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40
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Wright JS, Fu R, Worden JR, Chakraborty S, Clinton NE, Risi C, Sun Y, Yin L. Rainforest-initiated wet season onset over the southern Amazon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8481-8486. [PMID: 28729375 PMCID: PMC5558997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621516114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well established that transpiration contributes much of the water for rainfall over Amazonia, it remains unclear whether transpiration helps to drive or merely responds to the seasonal cycle of rainfall. Here, we use multiple independent satellite datasets to show that rainforest transpiration enables an increase of shallow convection that moistens and destabilizes the atmosphere during the initial stages of the dry-to-wet season transition. This shallow convection moisture pump (SCMP) preconditions the atmosphere at the regional scale for a rapid increase in rain-bearing deep convection, which in turn drives moisture convergence and wet season onset 2-3 mo before the arrival of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Aerosols produced by late dry season biomass burning may alter the efficiency of the SCMP. Our results highlight the mechanisms by which interactions among land surface processes, atmospheric convection, and biomass burning may alter the timing of wet season onset and provide a mechanistic framework for understanding how deforestation extends the dry season and enhances regional vulnerability to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon S Wright
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
| | - John R Worden
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Camille Risi
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Ying Sun
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
| | - Lei Yin
- Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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41
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Benetti M, Steen-Larsen HC, Reverdin G, Sveinbjörnsdóttir ÁE, Aloisi G, Berkelhammer MB, Bourlès B, Bourras D, de Coetlogon G, Cosgrove A, Faber AK, Grelet J, Hansen SB, Johnson R, Legoff H, Martin N, Peters AJ, Popp TJ, Reynaud T, Winther M. Stable isotopes in the atmospheric marine boundary layer water vapour over the Atlantic Ocean, 2012-2015. Sci Data 2017; 4:160128. [PMID: 28094798 PMCID: PMC5240618 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The water vapour isotopic composition (1H216O, H218O and 1H2H16O) of the Atlantic marine boundary layer has been measured from 5 research vessels between 2012 and 2015. Using laser spectroscopy analysers, measurements have been carried out continuously on samples collected 10-20 meter above sea level. All the datasets have been carefully calibrated against the international VSMOW-SLAP scale following the same protocol to build a homogeneous dataset covering the Atlantic Ocean between 4°S to 63°N. In addition, standard meteorological variables have been measured continuously, including sea surface temperatures using calibrated Thermo-Salinograph for most cruises. All calibrated observations are provided with 15-minute resolution. We also provide 6-hourly data to allow easier comparisons with simulations from the isotope-enabled Global Circulation Models. In addition, backwards trajectories from the HYSPLIT model are supplied every 6-hours for the position of our measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Benetti
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- LOCEAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - Gilles Reverdin
- LOCEAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - Giovanni Aloisi
- LOCEAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Max B. Berkelhammer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bernard Bourlès
- LEGOS, UMR 5566 (University of Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Denis Bourras
- LATMOS—IPSL, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Ann Cosgrove
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne-Katrine Faber
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacques Grelet
- US191-Imago, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Steffen Bo Hansen
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rod Johnson
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St George’s GE 01, Bermuda
| | - Hervé Legoff
- LOCEAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Martin
- LOCEAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - Trevor James Popp
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thierry Reynaud
- IFREMER, UMR 6523 LOPS (CNRS/IFREMER/IRD/UBO), CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Malte Winther
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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