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Evan S, Brioude J, Rosenlof KH, Gao RS, Portmann RW, Zhu Y, Volkamer R, Lee CF, Metzger JM, Lamy K, Walter P, Alvarez SL, Flynn JH, Asher E, Todt M, Davis SM, Thornberry T, Vömel H, Wienhold FG, Stauffer RM, Millán L, Santee ML, Froidevaux L, Read WG. Rapid ozone depletion after humidification of the stratosphere by the Hunga Tonga Eruption. Science 2023; 382:eadg2551. [PMID: 37856589 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano on 15 January 2022 offered a good opportunity to explore the early impacts of tropical volcanic eruptions on stratospheric composition. Balloon-borne observations near Réunion Island revealed the unprecedented amount of water vapor injected by the volcano. The enhanced stratospheric humidity, radiative cooling, and expanded aerosol surface area in the volcanic plume created the ideal conditions for swift ozone depletion of 5% in the tropical stratosphere in just 1 week. The decrease in hydrogen chloride by 0.4 parts per million by volume (ppbv) and the increase in chlorine monoxide by 0.4 ppbv provided compelling evidence for chlorine activation within the volcanic plume. This study enhances our understanding of the effect of this unusual volcanic eruption on stratospheric chemistry and provides insights into possible chemistry changes that may occur in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Evan
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), UMR8105, CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jerome Brioude
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), UMR8105, CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | - Ru-Shan Gao
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Yunqian Zhu
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher F Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Metzger
- Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de la Réunion, UAR 3365 (CNRS, Université de la Réunion, Météo-France), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Kevin Lamy
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), UMR8105, CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Asher
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael Todt
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sean M Davis
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank G Wienhold
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ryan M Stauffer
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Luis Millán
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L Santee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lucien Froidevaux
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - William G Read
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Zhao F, Liu C, Cai Z, Liu X, Bak J, Kim J, Hu Q, Xia C, Zhang C, Sun Y, Wang W, Liu J. Ozone profile retrievals from TROPOMI: Implication for the variation of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142886. [PMID: 33757247 PMCID: PMC7550903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in January and February 2020, production and living activities were drastically reduced to impede the spread of the virus, which also caused a strong reduction of the emission of primary pollutants. However, as a major species of secondary air pollutant, tropospheric ozone did not reduce synchronously, but instead rose in some region. Furthermore, higher concentrations of ozone may potentially promote the rates of COVID-19 infections, causing extra risk to human health. Thus, the variation of ozone should be evaluated widely. This paper presents ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone columns from ultraviolet radiances detected by TROPOospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P) satellite based on the principle of optimal estimation method. We compare our TROPOMI retrievals with global ozonesonde observations, Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) observation at Hefei (117.17°E, 31.7°N) and Global Positioning System (GPS) ozonesonde sensor (GPSO3) ozonesonde profiles at Beijing (116.46°E, 39.80°N). The integrated Tropospheric Ozone Column (TOC) and Stratospheric Ozone Column (SOC) show excellent agreement with validation data. We use the retrieved TOC combining with tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) of NO2 and HCHO from TROPOMI to assess the changes of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Although NO2 TVCD decreased by 63%, the retrieved TOC over east China increase by 10% from the 20-day averaged before the lockdown on January 23, 2020 to 20-day averaged after it. Because the production of ozone in winter is controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicated by monitored HCHO, which did not present evident change during the lockdown, the production of ozone did not decrease significantly. Besides, the decrease of NOx emission weakened the titration of ozone, causing an increase of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhaonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiong Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Juseon Bak
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jae Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Congzi Xia
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Youwen Sun
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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3
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Zhao F, Liu C, Cai Z, Liu X, Bak J, Kim J, Hu Q, Xia C, Zhang C, Sun Y, Wang W, Liu J. Ozone profile retrievals from TROPOMI: Implication for the variation of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 720:137628. [PMID: 33757247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
During the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in January and February 2020, production and living activities were drastically reduced to impede the spread of the virus, which also caused a strong reduction of the emission of primary pollutants. However, as a major species of secondary air pollutant, tropospheric ozone did not reduce synchronously, but instead rose in some region. Furthermore, higher concentrations of ozone may potentially promote the rates of COVID-19 infections, causing extra risk to human health. Thus, the variation of ozone should be evaluated widely. This paper presents ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone columns from ultraviolet radiances detected by TROPOospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P) satellite based on the principle of optimal estimation method. We compare our TROPOMI retrievals with global ozonesonde observations, Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) observation at Hefei (117.17°E, 31.7°N) and Global Positioning System (GPS) ozonesonde sensor (GPSO3) ozonesonde profiles at Beijing (116.46°E, 39.80°N). The integrated Tropospheric Ozone Column (TOC) and Stratospheric Ozone Column (SOC) show excellent agreement with validation data. We use the retrieved TOC combining with tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) of NO2 and HCHO from TROPOMI to assess the changes of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Although NO2 TVCD decreased by 63%, the retrieved TOC over east China increase by 10% from the 20-day averaged before the lockdown on January 23, 2020 to 20-day averaged after it. Because the production of ozone in winter is controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicated by monitored HCHO, which did not present evident change during the lockdown, the production of ozone did not decrease significantly. Besides, the decrease of NOx emission weakened the titration of ozone, causing an increase of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhaonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiong Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Juseon Bak
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jae Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Congzi Xia
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Youwen Sun
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Thompson AM, Smit HGJ, Witte JC, Stauffer RM, Johnson BJ, Morris G, von der Gathen P, Van Malderen R, Davies J, Piters A, Allaart M, Posny F, Kivi R, Cullis P, Anh NTH, Corrales E, Machinini T, da Silva FR, Paiman G, Thiong’o K, Zainal Z, Brothers GB, Wolff KR, Nakano T, Stübi R, Romanens G, Coetzee GJR, Diaz JA, Mitro S, ‘bt Mohamad M, Ogino SY. Ozonesonde Quality Assurance: The JOSIE-SHADOZ (2017) Experience. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2019; 100:155-171. [PMID: 33005057 PMCID: PMC7526588 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-17-0311.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ozonesonde is a small balloon-borne instrument that is attached to a standard radiosonde to measure profiles of ozone from the surface to 35 km with ~100-m vertical resolution. Ozonesonde data constitute a mainstay of satellite calibration and are used for climatologies and analysis of trends, especially in the lower stratosphere where satellites are most uncertain. The electrochemical-concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde has been deployed at ~100 stations worldwide since the 1960s, with changes over time in manufacture and procedures, including details of the cell chemical solution and data processing. As a consequence, there are biases among different stations and discontinuities in profile time-series from individual site records. For 22 years the Jülich [Germany] Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment (JOSIE) has periodically tested ozonesondes in a simulation chamber designated the World Calibration Centre for Ozonesondes (WCCOS) by WMO. In October-November 2017 a JOSIE campaign evaluated the sondes and procedures used in SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes), a 14-station sonde network operating in the tropics and subtropics. A distinctive feature of the 2017 JOSIE was that the tests were conducted by operators from eight SHADOZ stations. Experimental protocols for the SHADOZ sonde configurations, which represent most of those in use today, are described, along with preliminary results. SHADOZ stations that follow WMO-recommended protocols record total ozone within 3% of the JOSIE reference instrument. These results and prior JOSIEs demonstrate that regular testing is essential to maintain best practices in ozonesonde operations and to ensure high-quality data for the satellite and ozone assessment communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herman G. J. Smit
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere: Troposphere, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jacquelyn C Witte
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
| | - Ryan M. Stauffer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
| | - Bryan J. Johnson
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO
| | - Gary Morris
- St. Edwards University, Natural Sciences, Austin, TX
| | | | | | - Jonathan Davies
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ankie Piters
- Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, de Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Allaart
- Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, de Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Françoise Posny
- Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105 (Université, Météo- France, CNRS), La Réunion, France
| | - Rigel Kivi
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland
| | - Patrick Cullis
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO
| | | | | | | | - Francisco R. da Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental and Tropical Variables, Brazilian Institute of Space Research, Natal, Brazil
| | - George Paiman
- Meteorological Service of Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam
| | | | - Zamuna Zainal
- Malaysian Meteorological Department, Atmospheric Science and Cloud Seeding Division, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Katherine R. Wolff
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
- NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Is., VA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge A. Diaz
- University of Costa Rica, San José, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Sukarni Mitro
- Meteorological Service of Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam
| | - Maznorizan ‘bt Mohamad
- Malaysian Meteorological Department, Atmospheric Science and Cloud Seeding Division, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Ya Ogino
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Department of Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes Research, Yokosuka, Japan
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