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Saleem M, Ahmad T, Haynes AP, Albritton CF, Mwesigwa N, Graber MK, Kirabo A, Shibao CA. Innovative assessment of lipid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in harvested human endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16048. [PMID: 38872467 PMCID: PMC11176576 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying acute changes in vascular endothelial cells in humans is challenging. We studied ten African American women and used the J-wire technique to isolate vein endothelial cells before and after a four-hour lipid and heparin infusion. Dynamic changes in lipid-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were measured with fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We used the surface markers CD31 and CD144 to identify human endothelial cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from blood were used as a negative control. The participants received galantamine (16 mg/day) for 3 months. We previously demonstrated that galantamine treatment effectively suppresses lipid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we infused lipids to evaluate its potential to increase the activation of endothelial cells, as assessed by the levels of CD54+ endothelial cells and expression of Growth arrest-specific 6 compared to the baseline sample. Further, we aimed to investigate whether lipid infusion led to increased expression of the oxidative stress markers IsoLGs and nitrotyrosine in endothelial cells. This approach will expedite the in vivo identification of novel pathways linked with endothelial cell dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. This study describes an innovative method to harvest and study human endothelial cells and demonstrates the dynamic changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers release induced by lipid infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Alexandria Porcia Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claude F Albritton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Naome Mwesigwa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meghan K Graber
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cyndya A Shibao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ronchetti GZ, Simões MR, Schereider IRG, Leal MAS, Peçanha GAW, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV. Oxidative Stress Induced by 30 Days of Mercury Exposure Accelerates Hypertension Development in Prehypertensive Young SHRs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Saleem M, Hodgkinson CP, Xiao L, Gimenez-Bastida JA, Rasmussen ML, Foss J, Payne AJ, Mirotsou M, Gama V, Dzau VJ, Gomez JA. Sox6 as a new modulator of renin expression in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F285-F297. [PMID: 31760770 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00095.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, major sources of renin, differentiate from metanephric mesenchymal cells that give rise to JG cells or a subset of smooth muscle cells of the renal afferent arteriole. During periods of dehydration and salt deprivation, renal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) differentiate from JG cells. JG cells undergo expansion and smooth muscle cells redifferentiate to express renin along the afferent arteriole. Gene expression profiling comparing resident renal MSCs with JG cells indicates that the transcription factor Sox6 is highly expressed in JG cells in the adult kidney. In vitro, loss of Sox6 expression reduces differentiation of renal MSCs to renin-producing cells. In vivo, Sox6 expression is upregulated after a low-Na+ diet and furosemide. Importantly, knockout of Sox6 in Ren1d+ cells halts the increase in renin-expressing cells normally seen during a low-Na+ diet and furosemide as well as the typical increase in renin. Furthermore, Sox6 ablation in renin-expressing cells halts the recruitment of smooth muscle cells along the afferent arteriole, which normally express renin under these conditions. These results support a previously undefined role for Sox6 in renin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Conrad P Hodgkinson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Juan A Gimenez-Bastida
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason Foss
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alan J Payne
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maria Mirotsou
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Victor J Dzau
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jose A Gomez
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Lin SR, Lin SY, Chen CC, Fu YS, Weng CF. Exploring a New Natural Treating Agent for Primary Hypertension: Recent Findings and Forthcoming Perspectives. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2003. [PMID: 31744165 PMCID: PMC6912567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hypertension describes abnormally-high systolic/diastolic blood pressure in a resting condition caused by various genetic or environmental risk factors. Remarkably, severe complications, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic renal disease have led to primary hypertension becoming a huge burden for almost one-third of the total population. Medication is the major regimen for treating primary hypertension; however, recent medications may have adverse effects that attenuate energy levels. Hence, the search for new hypotensive agents from folk or traditional medicine may be fruitful in the discovery and development of new drugs. This review assembles recent findings for natural antihypertensive agents, extracts, or decoctions published in PubMed, and provides insights into the search for new hypotensive compounds based on blood-pressure regulating mechanisms, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic/adrenergic receptor/calcium channel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Yea Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Camillian Saint Mary’s Hospital Luodong,160 Zhongzheng S. Rd. Luodong, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Center for Transitional Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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Li L, Lai EY, Luo Z, Solis G, Mendonca M, Griendling KK, Wellstein A, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS. High Salt Enhances Reactive Oxygen Species and Angiotensin II Contractions of Glomerular Afferent Arterioles From Mice With Reduced Renal Mass. Hypertension 2018; 72:1208-1216. [PMID: 30354808 PMCID: PMC6221452 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High salt, Ang II (angiotensin II), and reactive oxygen species enhance progression of chronic kidney disease. We tested the hypothesis that a high salt intake generates specific reactive oxygen species to enhance Ang II contractions of afferent arterioles from mice with reduced renal mass (RRM). C57BL/6 mice were subjected to surgical RRM or sham operations and received 6% or 0.4% NaCl salt diet for 3 months. Ang II contractions were measured in perfused afferent arterioles and superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by fluorescence microscopy. RRM enhanced the afferent arteriolar gene expression for p47phox and neutrophil oxidase (NOX) 2 and high salt intake in RRM mice enhanced gene expression for angiotensin type 1 receptors, POLDIP2 and NOX4 and reduced catalase. High salt in mice with RRM enhanced arteriolar O2- and H2O2 generation and maximal contractions to Ang II (10-6 mol/L) that were dependent on O2- because they were prevented by gene deletion of p47phox and on H2O2 because they were prevented by transgenic smooth muscle cell expression of catalase (tgCAT-SMC) and POLDIP2 gene deletion. Three months of tempol normalized arteriolar reactive oxygen species and Ang II contractions. However, arteriolar contractions to lower concentrations of Ang II (10-8 to 10-11 mol/L) were paradoxically inhibited by H2O2 and POLDIP2. In conclusion, both O2- from p47phox/NOX2 and H2O2 from NOX4/POLDIP2 enhance maximal arteriolar Ang II contractions from RRM mice during high salt, but H2O2 and NOX4/POLDIP2 reduce the sensitivity to lower concentrations of Ang II by >100-fold. Tempol prevents all of these changes in function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - En Yin Lai
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou China
| | - Zaiming Luo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Glenn Solis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Margarida Mendonca
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Kathy K. Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - William J. Welch
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Christopher S. Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Saleem M, Wang X, Pokkunuri I, Asghar M. Superoxide via Sp3 mechanism increases renal renin activity, renal AT1 receptor function, and blood pressure in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1478-F1483. [PMID: 30110572 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00194.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested a hypothesis that superoxide, by inducing Sp3, increases renal renin activity, renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Group 1 rats were treated with vehicle, saline. Group 2 rats were treated with superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethylthiocarbamate (DETC). Group 3 rats were treated with DETC and an SOD mimetic, tempol. Group 4 rats were treated with tempol only. All four groups of rats were treated for 2 wk then anesthetized, and BP was recorded. Thereafter, diuresis and natriuresis in response to AT1R blocker candesartan were determined. When compared with vehicle rats, BP increased in DETC rats. The increased BP in DETC rats decreased with tempol. Diuresis and natriuresis in response to candesartan increased in controls, and this further increased in DETC rats and decreased with tempol. A second set of four groups of rats underwent the same treatment as above and were anesthetized, and their kidneys were obtained for biochemical studies. The levels of superoxide but not hydrogen peroxide increased, whereas SOD activities decreased further in the renal cortical tissues of DETC rats than vehicle rats. These effects were attenuated with tempol in DETC rats. Moreover, tissue renin activity and abundance of membranous AT1R proteins increased more in DETC rats than vehicle rats, and decreased with tempol in DETC rats. Furthermore, the levels of lysine-acetylated, but not serine-phosphorylated, Sp3 increased more in the nuclei of DETC rats than vehicle rats. The increased levels of Sp3 lysine acetylation decreased in DETC rats with tempol. Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide activates renal Sp3 via lysine acetylation increasing renin activity, AT1R function, and BP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- Heart and Kidney Institute, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Xitao Wang
- Heart and Kidney Institute, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Indira Pokkunuri
- Heart and Kidney Institute, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammad Asghar
- Heart and Kidney Institute, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, Texas
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Rizzetti DA, da Silva TM, Escobar AG, Piagette J, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Wiggers GA. Mercury-induced vascular dysfunction is mediated by angiotensin II AT-1 receptor upregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:287-296. [PMID: 29407760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low doses of mercury (Hg) promote deleterious effects on cardiovascular system, but the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. This study analyzed whether angiotensin II AT-1 receptors are involved in the vascular dysfunction caused by chronic exposure to low HgCl2 doses. For this, rats were divided into four groups and untreated (saline by im injections and tap water by gavage) or treated for 30 days as follows: Mercury (HgCl2im, first dose of 4.6 µg kg-1 and subsequent doses of 0.07 µg kg-1 day-1, and tap water by gavage); Losartan (saline im and losartan, 15 mg kg-1 day-1, by gavage); Losartan-Mercury (HgCl2im and Losartan by gavage). Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail plethysmography, vascular reactivity in aorta by isolated organ bath, oxidative stress by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and protein expression of AT-1 receptors by Western Blot. As results, co-treatment with losartan prevented the increased aortic vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine (Phe), the involvement of ROS and prostanoids on the response to Phe and the reduced negative endothelial modulation by nitric oxide on these responses. Moreover, this co-treatment avoided the increase in plasmatic and vascular oxidative stress and AT-1 protein expression in aorta. In conclusion, these results suggest that AT-1 receptors upregulation might play a key role in the vascular damage induced by Hg exposure by increasing oxidative stress and probably by reducing NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danize A Rizzetti
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taiz M da Silva
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alyne G Escobar
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaina Piagette
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Franck M Peçanha
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Cardiac Electromechanical and Vascular Reactivity Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos, 1468 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia A Wiggers
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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