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Zheng H, Liu M, Shi S, Huang H, Yang X, Luo Z, Song Y, Xu Q, Li T, Xue L, Lu F, Wang J. MAP4K4 and WT1 mediate SOX6-induced cellular senescence by synergistically activating the ATF2-TGFβ2-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1327-1346. [PMID: 38383842 PMCID: PMC11076992 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 6 (SOX6) is a member of the SOX gene family and inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. However, the final cell fate and significance of these cell-cycle-arrested cervical cancer cells induced by SOX6 remains unclear. Here, we report that SOX6 inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by inducing cellular senescence, which is mainly mediated by promoting transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) gene expression and subsequently activating the TGFβ2-Smad2/3-p53-p21WAF1/CIP1-Rb pathway. SOX6 promotes TGFB2 gene expression through the MAP4K4-MAPK (JNK/ERK/p38)-ATF2 and WT1-ATF2 pathways, which is dependent on its high-mobility group (HMG) domain. In addition, the SOX6-induced senescent cervical cancer cells are resistant to cisplatin treatment. ABT-263 (navitoclax) and ABT-199 (venetoclax), two classic senolytics, can specifically eliminate the SOX6-induced senescent cervical cancer cells, and thus significantly improve the chemosensitivity of cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cells. This study uncovers that the MAP4K4/WT1-ATF2-TGFβ2 axis mediates SOX6-induced cellular senescence, which is a promising therapeutic target in improving the chemosensitivity of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Shu Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hongxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Xingwen Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ziheng Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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Liu SY, Wang H, Yang B, Hou B, Sun LS, Pang H, Wang HH, Fan YP. CircTAOK1 regulates high glucose induced inflammation, oxidative stress, ECM accumulation, and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy via targeting miR-142-3p/SOX6 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2197-2207. [PMID: 38124441 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication caused by diabetes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a kind of RNA with a closed circular structure, which has high stability and is involved in many disease-related processes. The mechanism of circRNA TAO kinase 1 (circTAOK1) in the pathogenesis and development of DN is unclear. METHODS CircTAOK1, microRNA (miR)-142-3p, and sex-determining region Y-box transcription factor 6 (SOX6) mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used to analyze cell proliferation. Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot assay was performed to test B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), cleaved-caspase 3, and fibronectin (FN), collagen I (Col I), and collagen IV (Col IV) protein levels. ELISA assay was used to measure interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were assessed by the corresponding kits. And the correlation between miR-142-3p and circTAOK1 or SOX6 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull down assay. RESULTS CircTAOK1 and SOX6 expression levels were up-regulated, while miR-142-3p expression was down-regulated in DN serum and HG-treated HK-2 cells. Knockdown of circTAOK1 could inhibit cell injury of HG-induced HK-2 cells. The inhibitory effect of circTAOK1 knockdown on HG-induced HK-2 cell injury was restored by miR-142-3p downregulation. CircTAOK1 acted as a sponge for miR-142-3p, and SOX6 was targeted by miR-142-3p. The overexpression of SOX6 could recover the effect of miR-142-3p overexpression on HG-induced HK-2 cell injury. CircTAOK1 regulated the expression of SOX6 by targeting miR-142-3p. CONCLUSION CircTAOK1 knockdown inhibited HG-induced HK-2 cell damage in DN by the miR-142-3p/SOX6 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Li-Sha Sun
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Hui Pang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Yan-Ping Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, China
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Song B, Yang P, Zhang S. Cell fate regulation governed by p53: Friends or reversible foes in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:297-360. [PMID: 38311377 PMCID: PMC10958678 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), a crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes and cellular phenotypes in response to various stressors. The affected genes are involved in diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies have continued to reveal novel and unexpected functions of p53 in governing the fate of tumors, for example, functions in ferroptosis, immunity, the tumor microenvironment and microbiome metabolism. Among the possibilities, the evolutionary plasticity of p53 is the most controversial, partially due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different regulatory mechanisms of p53 signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this key tumor suppressor remains somewhat enigmatic. The intricate and diverse functions of p53 in regulating cell fate during cancer treatment are only the tip of the iceberg with respect to its equally complicated structural biology, which has been painstakingly revealed. Additionally, TP53 mutation is one of the most significant genetic alterations in cancer, contributing to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor progression. Here, we summarized recent advances that implicate altered p53 in modulating the response to various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also discussed potential strategies for targeting p53 as a therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanP. R. China
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical TransformationWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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Anbiyaee O, Moalemnia A, Ghaedrahmati F, Shooshtari MK, Khoshnam SE, Kempisty B, Halili SA, Farzaneh M, Morenikeji OB. The functions of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-MALAT-1 in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:380. [PMID: 38124072 PMCID: PMC10731893 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a prevalent form of renal malignancy, is distinguished by its proclivity for robust tumor proliferation and metastatic dissemination. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal modulators of gene expression, exerting substantial influence over diverse biological processes, encompassing the intricate landscape of cancer development. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1), an exemplar among lncRNAs, has been discovered to assume functional responsibilities within the context of RCC. The conspicuous expression of MALAT-1 in RCC cells has been closely linked to the advancement of tumors and an unfavorable prognosis. Experimental evidence has demonstrated the pronounced ability of MALAT-1 to stimulate RCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, thereby underscoring its active participation in facilitating the metastatic cascade. Furthermore, MALAT-1 has been implicated in orchestrating angiogenesis, an indispensable process for tumor expansion and metastatic dissemination, through its regulatory influence on pro-angiogenic factor expression. MALAT-1 has also been linked to the evasion of immune surveillance in RCC, as it can regulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and modulate the tumor microenvironment. Hence, the potential utility of MALAT-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in RCC emerges, warranting further investigation and validation of its clinical significance. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the diverse functional roles exhibited by MALAT-1 in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Anbiyaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Moalemnia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khombi Shooshtari
- Chronic Renal Failure Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology Division of Anatomy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty North, Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, US
- Center of Assisted Reproduction Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shahla Ahmadi Halili
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Science, Chronic Renal Failure Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Olanrewaju B Morenikeji
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford, Bradford, PA, USA.
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Kolenda T, Graczyk Z, Żarska B, Łosiewski W, Smolibowski M, Wartecki A, Kozłowska-Masłoń J, Guglas K, Florczak A, Kazimierczak U, Teresiak A, Lamperska K. SRY-Related Transcription Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: In Silico Based Analysis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9431-9449. [PMID: 38132438 PMCID: PMC10742289 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cancer and the fifth cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a poor 5-year survival. SOX family genes play a role in the processes involved in cancer development such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the regulation of drug resistance. We analyzed the expression of SOX2-OT, SOX6, SOX8, SOX21, SOX30 and SRY genes in HNSCC patients using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, to assess their biological role and their potential utility as biomarkers. We demonstrated statistically significant differences in expression between normal and primary tumor tissues for SOX6, SOX8, SOX21 and SOX30 genes and pointed to SOX6 as the one that met the independent diagnostic markers criteria. SOX21 or SRY alone, or the panel of six SRY-related genes, could be used to estimate patient survival. SRY-related genes are positively correlated with immunological processes, as well as with keratinization and formation of the cornified envelope, and negatively correlated with DNA repair and response to stress. Moreover, except SRY, all analyzed genes were associated with a different tumor composition and immunological profiles. Based on validation results, the expression of SOX30 is higher in HPV(+) patients and is associated with patients' survival. SRY-related transcription factors have vast importance in HNSCC biology. SOX30 seems to be a potential biomarker of HPV infection and could be used as a prognostic marker, but further research is required to fully understand the role of SOX family genes in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Graczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland (A.W.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Żarska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland (A.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Wojciech Łosiewski
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland (A.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Mikołaj Smolibowski
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland (A.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Adrian Wartecki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland (A.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Joanna Kozłowska-Masłoń
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Florczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland (A.W.); (A.F.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Kazimierczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland (A.W.); (A.F.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Tate G. SRY-box Transcription Factor 6 Is Expressed Not Only in the Dorsal but Also in the Ventral Zone of the Neural Tube and Is Highly Expressed in the Notochord and Chordoma. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:55-58. [PMID: 37425095 PMCID: PMC10323198 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of SRY-box transcription factor 6 (SOX6) expression profiling in human embryonic tissue, SOX 6 was found to be highly expressed in the notochord, based on the findings of immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sox6 is also expressed in the neural tube and the distribution of SOX6 is located in the ventral and dorsal zones of the neural tube. In contrast to the findings that SOX6-positive cells were located on the floor plate of the neural tube, OLIG2- and NKX2.2-expressing cells were lacking on the floor plate of the neural tube, and their expression was restricted only to the ventral zone of the neural tube. The expression patterns of SOX9 were similar to those of OLIG2 and NKX2.2 in the neural tube. NKX2.2 and OLIG2 are not expressed in the notochord, but SOX9 and SOX6 are. Because Sox6 is highly expressed in the notochord, the present study investigated whether or not SOX6 is an immunohistochemical marker for the pathologic diagnosis of chordoma, a neoplasm derived from the notochord. IHC revealed that chordoma was strongly positive for SOX6 in two cases of chordoma, one of which occurred in the sacrococcygeal region and another that developed at the base of the skull, suggesting that SOX6 is a useful marker for the histopathologic diagnosis of chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genshu Tate
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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7
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Sheng Y, Yang Z, Feng Z, Wang Y, Ji N. MicroRNA-499-5p promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via inhibiting SOX6. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:67-74. [PMID: 36250561 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00165.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary etiology of cardiovascular disease, which is considered the leading cause of death all over the world. MicroRNA miR-499-5p was involved in the functional regulation of myocardial and skeletal muscle, whereas its role in atherosclerosis, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the effects of miR-499-5p in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and potential mechanisms. We used mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) and ApoE-/- mice to establish the models of AS in vitro and in vivo, respectively. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression level of miR-499-5p. Subsequently, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, Transwell assays, and wound-healing assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation and migration. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interaction between miR-499-5p and SOX6. miR-499-5p significantly increased in aorta tissues of mice in AS tissues and vascular smooth muscle cells treated with ox-LDL. miR-499-5p overexpression could promote the proliferation and migration of MOVAS. Bioinformatics analysis predicted and further experiments verified that miR-499-5p could directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) region of SOX6. Further, miR-499-5p induced an increased expression of smooth muscle proliferation and migration-related genes, PCNA, cyclin D1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2), as well as the decreased expression of proliferation inhibiting factor p21, which was significantly reversed by SOX6 overexpression. miR-499-5p boosts the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells by binding and inhibiting SOX6 expression. The miR-499-5p/SOX6 axis may present a promising therapeutic implication for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Han X, Wang S, Yong Z, Zhang X, Wang X, You P. Effect of miR-499-5p/SOX6 axis on atrial fibrosis in rats with atrial fibrillation. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230654. [PMID: 37197357 PMCID: PMC10183722 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis is involved in the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). miR-499-5p is the most downregulated microRNA in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy hearts. Sry-related high-mobility-group box 6 (SOX6) is associated with apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and fibrosis. This study investigated the mechanism of miR-499-5p in ameliorating AF rats by regulating SOX6. AF rat models were established by injecting Ach-CaCl2 mixture, and the rats were treated with Lv-miR-499-5p/oe-SOX6/si-SOX6 before modeling. AF duration was recorded using electrocardiogram. miR-499-5p and SOX6 expression levels in the myocardium were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The binding of miR-499-5p and SOX6 was validated. The atrial fibrosis degree and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were assessed using the Masson and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining methods. Levels of SOX6, atrial fibrosis markers (collage I/α-SMA/TGFβ1), cell cycle-related proteins (p21/CDC25/Cyclin B1), and cell senescence markers (SA-β-gal/γ-H2AX) were measured using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. miR-499-5p was downregulated and SOX6 was upregulated in AF rats. miR-499-5p overexpression shortened the AF duration, alleviated atrial fibrosis, and decreased collage I/α-SMA/TGFβ1. miR-499-5p targeted SOX6 to ameliorate atrial fibrosis. AF rats exhibited increased p21/CDC25/Cyclin B1/SA-β-gal/γ-H2AX levels and raised cardiomyocyte apoptosis. SOX6 silencing downregulated p21 and alleviated cardiomyocyte cycle arrest, cell senescence, and apoptosis in AF rats. Shortly, miR-499-5p suppresses atrial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte senescence by targeting SOX6 and downregulating p21, thus mitigating AF in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Shunda Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Zhijun Yong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Xuanqi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Penghua You
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
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Li Y, Jiang D, Zhang Q, Liu E, Shao H. Clinical implications and genetical insights of SOX6 expression in acute myeloid leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04349-8. [PMID: 36117190 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor SOX6 belongs to Sry-related high-mobility-group box (SOX) family, has been reported to be downregulated and acts as a tumor-suppressor gene in various solid tumors, but in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is incompletely understood. METHODS The SOX6 expression was analyzed between AML patients and normal controls from public data and our research cohort. Correlations between SOX6 expression and clinical, genetic features together with survival were further analyzed. RESULTS In both public and our present datasets, we demonstrated that SOX6 expression is notably downregulated in AML patients compared with normal controls. Moreover, the expression level of SOX6 was dynamic, along with the disease status. SOX6 was significantly decreased in relapsed/refractory AML compared with complete remission AML. Clinically, SOX6 underexpression was significantly correlated with bone marrow blasts, and WBC counts. Furthermore, decreased expression of SOX6 was more common in core binding factor AML (CBF-AML), rarely found in complex karyotype AML (CK-AML), and correlated with FLT3 mutations. By survival analyses, low-expression of SOX6 was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) among cytogenetic normal AML (CN-AML) patients. Moreover, both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that low SOX6 expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic biomarker for CN-AML. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that SOX6 underexpression, as a frequent event in AML, was associated with genetic abnormalities and prognosis in AML. SOX6 might be a valuable biomarker for risk stratification, predicting prognosis and relapse of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Duanfeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Enyi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haigang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Zabolian A, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Aref AR, Samarghandian S. Cervical cancer progression is regulated by SOX transcription factors: Revealing signaling networks and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112335. [PMID: 34700233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth common gynecologic cancer and is considered as second leading cause of death among women. Various strategies are applied in treatment of cervical cancer including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. However, cervical cancer cells demonstrate aggressive behavior in advanced phases, requiring novel strategies in their elimination. On the other hand, SOX proteins are transcription factors capable of regulating different molecular pathways and their expression varies during embryogenesis, disease development and carcinogenesis. In the present review, our aim is to reveal role of SOX transcription factors in cervical cancer. SOX transcription factors play like a double-edged sword in cancer. For instance, SOX9 possesses both tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoting role in cervical cancer. Therefore, exact role of each SOX members in cervical cancer has been discussed to direct further experiments for revealing other functions. SOX proteins can regulate proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, response of cervical cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is tightly regulated by SOX transcription factors. Different downstream targets of SOX proteins such as Wnt signaling, EMT and Hedgehog have been identified. Besides, upstream mediators such as microRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate SOX expression in cervical cancer. In addition to pre-clinical studies, role of SOX transcription factors as prognostic and diagnostic tools in cervical cancer has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Gholami
- DVM. Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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11
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Multiomics Differences in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients with High Radiosensitivity Index Compared with Those with Low Radiosensitivity Index. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:3766659. [PMID: 34504628 PMCID: PMC8423540 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3766659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Radiosensitivity Index (RSI) can predict intrinsic radiotherapy sensitivity. We analyzed multiomics characteristics in lung squamous cell carcinoma between high and low RSI groups, which may help understand the underlying molecular mechanism of radiosensitivity and guide optional treatment for patients in the future. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data were used to download clinical data, mRNA, microRNA, and lncRNA expression. Differential analyses, including mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and G.O. and KEGG, and GSVA analyses, were performed with R. Gene set enrichment analysis was done by GSEA. miRNA-differentially expressed gene network and ceRNA network were analyzed and graphed by the Cytoscape software. Results In TCGA data, 542 patients were obtained, including 171 in the low RSI group (LRSI) and 371 in the high RSI group (HRSI). In RNAseq, 558 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. KRT6A was the most significantly upregulated gene and IDO1 was the most significantly downregulated gene. In miRNAseq, miR-1269a was the most significantly upregulated. In lncRNAseq, LINC01871 was the most upregulated. A 66-pair interaction between differentially expressed genes and miRNAs and an 11-pair interaction between differential lncRNAs and miRNAs consisted of a ceRNA network, of which miR-184 and miR-490-3p were located in the center. In the GEO data, there were 40 DEGs. A total of 17 genes were founded in both databases, such as ADAM23, AHNAK2, BST2, COL11A1, CXCL13, FBN2, IFI27, IFI44L, MAGEA6, and PTGR1. GSVA analysis revealed 31 significant pathways. GSEA found 87 gene sets enriched in HRSI and 91 gene sets in LRSI. G.O. and KEGG of RNA expression levels revealed that these genes were most enriched in T cell activation and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusions Patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma have different multiomics characteristics between two groups. These differences may have an essential significance with radiotherapy effect.
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The role of SOX family transcription factors in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:608-624. [PMID: 33662423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. GC is the third-most common cause of cancer-related death after lung and colorectal cancer. It is also the fifth-most commonly diagnosed cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of signaling networks in GC progression. Identification of these molecular pathways can provide new insight into therapeutic approaches for GC. Several molecular factors involved in GC can play both onco-suppressor and oncogene roles. Sex-determining region Y (Sry)-box-containing (SOX) family members are transcription factors with a well-known role in cancer. SOX proteins can bind to DNA to regulate cellular pathways via a highly conserved domain known as high mobility group (HMG). In the present review, the roles of SOX proteins in the progression and/or inhibition of GC are discussed. The dual role of SOX proteins as tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing factors is highlighted. SOX members can affect upstream mediators (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB) and down-stream mediators (FAK, HIF-1α, CDX2 and PTEN) in GC. The possible role of anti-tumor compounds to target SOX pathway members in GC therapy is described. Moreover, SOX proteins may be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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SRY-related high-mobility-group box 6 suppresses cell proliferation and is downregulated in breast cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 32:306-313. [PMID: 33038083 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers endangering women's health. SRY-related high-mobility-group box 6 (SOX6) is associated with many cancers, though its role has not been reported in breast cancer. Here, we aimed to explore the expression and function of SOX6 in breast cancer. On the basis of the analysis of SOX6 in The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases, we revealed that SOX6 was downregulated in breast cancer, and we verified the results at the cellular level by means of western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. When SOX6 was overexpressed, the proliferation of breast cancer cells was inhibited, and apoptosis was promoted. Moreover, the methylation level of the SOX6 promoter in breast cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. 5'-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine reversed the high level of methylation that was caused by decreased expression of SOX6. This evidence suggests that SOX6 is a tumor suppressor gene associated with breast cancer. This study could provide a new target for breast cancer treatment.
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Chen L, Xie Y, Ma X, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang F, Gao Y, Fan Y, Gu L, Wang L, Zhang X, Fu B. SOX6 represses tumor growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by HMG domain-dependent regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1159-1173. [PMID: 32794610 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y box (SOXs) are expressed in various cells and control cell fate and differentiation in a multitude of physiologic processes. SOX6, a main representative of SOXs, is involved in the regulation of carcinogenesis in various human malignancies. However, the role of SOX6 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In this study, SOX6 expression in ccRCC and its clinical significance were investigated. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the tumor-related function and the underlying molecular mechanism of SOX6 in ccRCC. We confirmed that SOX6 was frequently downregulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Besides, downregulation of SOX6 was significantly associated with larger tumor sizes, advanced tumor stage, higher Fuhrman grades, and its expression could act as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC (hazards ratio = 0.590, P = .026). Gain/loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that SOX6 could remarkably inhibit tumor cell growth and foci formation in vitro and xenograft tumorigenesis in vivo, respectively. Mechanistically, SOX6 could influence cell cycle by regulating the G1/the S phase transition and had an inhibitory effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling as well as its target genes, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Interesting, the tumor-suppressive function of SOX6 was proved to be dependent on its specific high-mobility-group (HMG) domain. In general, our findings indicated that SOX6 was a novel tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in ccRCC. SOX6 could inhibit tumor growth by negatively regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in an HMG domain-dependent manner in ccRCC, which might provide a novel therapeutic approach for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongpeng Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyou Gu
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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