1
|
Sakamoto M, Uemura N, Saito R, Shimobayashi H, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Omatsu T. Chirogenesis and Amplification of Molecular Chirality Using Optical Vortices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12819-12823. [PMID: 33783074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The study of chirogenesis of organic molecules is important to elucidate the origin of the homochirality of biomolecules on Earth. Here, we have accomplished chiral symmetry breaking from a racemate using optical vortices with orbital angular momentum and a helical wavefront. We propose a new methodology of asymmetric transformation by the combination of enantioselective crystal nucleation by irradiation with optical vortices and crystallization-induced dynamic optical resolution of conglomerate crystals. Chiral green vortices generated using a spiral phase plate (SPP) with a 532 nm CW-laser were used to irradiate a supersaturated solution of a racemic isoindolinone, leading to crystal nucleation. The handedness of the crystals were controlled by the winding direction of the chiral optical vortices. The molecular chirality of the isoindolinone was then amplified by dynamic crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Rei Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Haruna Shimobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashige Omatsu
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakamoto M, Uemura N, Saito R, Shimobayashi H, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Omatsu T. Chirogenesis and Amplification of Molecular Chirality Using Optical Vortices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Naohiro Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Rei Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Haruna Shimobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takashige Omatsu
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bryliakov KP. Chemical Mechanisms of Prebiotic Chirality Amplification. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:5689246. [PMID: 32832906 PMCID: PMC7424549 DOI: 10.34133/2020/5689246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review article surveys the recent experimental findings that suggest alternative chemical models of directed chirality amplification at the early, prebiotic Earth. It is believed that the chirality amplification step followed the initial emergence of small enantiomeric imbalance and preceded (as a necessary condition) the occurrence of homochiral biopolymers, assembled from enantiomerically pure building blocks. This work focuses on the chemical nature of possible mechanisms of primordial chirality enhancement, without going into detail of the preceding and subsequent phases of origination of biological homochirality and life on Earth. These mechanisms are discussed through the prism of integrity of biological natural selection and chemical kinetic selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin P Bryliakov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- P. K Hashim
- Chemistry and BiotechnologyThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 113 8656 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic ScienceHokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fang Y, Gong W, Liu L, Liu Y, Cui Y. Triple-Stranded Cluster Helicates for the Selective Catalytic Oxidation of C-H Bonds. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10102-10105. [PMID: 27673441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triple-stranded cluster helicates with heptametallic dicubane cores are synthesized by entrapping metals in the cavities of linear triple helicates based on a C2-symmetrical hexadentate Schiff-base ligand of ortho-substitued biphenol. The helicates are stable in both the solution and solid states, and the copper species could selectively catalyze the oxidation of C-H bonds of alkanes to ketones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lujia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mineo P, Villari V, Scamporrino E, Micali N. New Evidence about the Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Action of an Asymmetric Weak Heat Source. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12345-53. [PMID: 26315854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we show how, in a stagnant water solution of uncharged aggregated achiral porphyrin-based molecules, a mirror-symmetry breaking (SB) can be induced and controlled by means of a weak asymmetric thermal gradient. In particular, it is shown that the optical activity of the aggregate porphyrin solution can be generated and reversed, in sign, only acting on the thermal ramp direction (heating or cooling). In order to avoid data misinterpretation, the aggregate structure modifications with the temperature change and the linear dichroism contribution to circular dichroism spectra were evaluated. A model simulation, using a finite element analysis approach describing the thermal flows, shows that small thermal gradients are able to give rise to asymmetric heat flow. The results reported here can be considered new evidence about the spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomenon induced by very weak forces having an important role in the natural chiral selective processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Placido Mineo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and I.N.S.T.M. UdR of Catania, Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.,CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Villari
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Emilio Scamporrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and I.N.S.T.M. UdR of Catania, Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Norberto Micali
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rijeesh K, Hashim PK, Noro SI, Tamaoki N. Dynamic induction of enantiomeric excess from a prochiral azobenzene dimer under circularly polarized light. Chem Sci 2015; 6:973-980. [PMID: 29560183 PMCID: PMC5811134 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to photoinduce enantiomeric excess from the chirality of circularly polarized light (CPL) is pertinent to the study of the origin of homochirality in biomolecules. Such CPL-induced reactions, including both chirality generation and formation of partial enantiomeric imbalance, from nonchiral starting compounds have been known, however, only for the conversion of diarylolefins into chiral helicenes. In this study we synthesized three different prochiral molecules, each featuring a pair of photoisomerizable phenylazo moieties arranged symmetrically upon the phenyl rings of an sp3-hybridized carbon atom (1), the phenyl rings of [2.2]paracyclophane (2), and the ortho positions of a phenyl ring bearing a naphthyl unit (3), and then investigated the possibility of photoinducing enantiomeric excess under CPL. Irradiation of 1-3 with light induced E ↔ Z photoisomerizations of their azobenzene moieties, giving mixtures of their EE, EZ, and ZZ isomers in the photostationary state (PSS). Among these regioisomers, the EZ forms are chiral and existed as racemic mixtures of R and S stereoisomers. Upon CPL irradiation of 3, circular dichroism (CD) revealed enantiomeric enrichment of one of the EZ stereoisomers; furthermore, irradiation with r- or l-CPL gave CD signals opposite in sign, but with equal intensity, in the PSS. In contrast, 1 and 2 did not give any detectable induced CD upon CPL irradiation. These experimental results can be explained by considering the different Kuhn anisotropy factors (g) of the (R)-EZ and (S)-EZ stereoisomers of 1-3, assuming that the origin of the enantiomeric excess is the enantio-differentiating photoisomerization from EZ stereoisomers to nonchiral EE or ZZ regioisomers by r- or l-CPL. In short, we demonstrate the simultaneous induction of chirality and enantiomeric excess from a prochiral azobenzene dimer via a chiral regioisomer formed in situ upon CPL irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Rijeesh
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku , Sapporo 001-0020 , Hokkaido , Japan .
| | - P K Hashim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku , Sapporo 001-0020 , Hokkaido , Japan .
| | - Shin-Ichiro Noro
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku , Sapporo 001-0020 , Hokkaido , Japan .
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku , Sapporo 001-0020 , Hokkaido , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ostrovskii VE, Kadyshevich EA. Life Origination Hydrate Theory (LOH-Theory) and the explanation of the biological diversification. J Mol Evol 2014; 79:155-78. [PMID: 25179143 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-014-9641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Life Origination Hydrate Theory (LOH-Theory) considers the life origination process as a sequence of thermodynamically caused regular and inevitable chemical transformations regulated by universal physical and chemical laws. The LOH-Theory bears on a number of experimental, thermodynamic, observation, and simulation researches. N-bases, riboses, nucleosides, and nucleotides and DNAs and RNAs are formed repeatedly within structural cavities of localizations of underground and underseabed honeycomb CH4-hydrate deposits from CH4 and nitrate and phosphate ions that diffused into the hydrate structures; proto-cells and their agglomerates originated from these DNAs and from the same minerals in the semi-liquid soup after liquation of the hydrate structures. Each localization gave rise to a multitude of different DNAs and living organisms. The species diversity is caused by the spatial and temporal repeatability of the processes of living matter origination under similar but not identical conditions, multiplicity of the DNA forms in each living matter origination event, variations in the parameters of the native medium, intraspecific variations, and interspecific variations. The contribution of the last to the species diversity is, likely, significant for prokaryotes and those eukaryotes that are only at low steps of their biological organization; however, in the light of the LOH-Theory, of available long-term paleontological investigations, and of studies of reproduction of proliferous organisms, we conclude that, in toto, the contribution of interspecific variations to the species diversity was earlier overestimated by some researchers. The reason of this overestimation is that origination of scores of «spores» of different organisms in any one event and multiple reproductions of such events in time and Earth's space were not taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Ostrovskii
- Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Vorontsovo Pole str. 10, Moscow, 105064, Russia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barron LD. True and false chirality and absolute enantioselection. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-013-0224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Anthony SP, Wang L, Varughese S, Draper SM. A structurally versatile coordination polymer: demonstrating spontaneous resolution, conformational polymorphism and gel formation. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Zhang W, Fujiki M, Zhu X. Chiroptical Nanofibers Generated from Achiral Metallophthalocyanines Induced by Diamine Homochirality. Chemistry 2011; 17:10628-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916‐5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630‐0036 (Japan)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional, Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123 (P.R. China), Fax: (+81) 743‐72‐6049
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916‐5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630‐0036 (Japan)
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional, Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123 (P.R. China), Fax: (+81) 743‐72‐6049
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hashim PK, Thomas R, Tamaoki N. Induction of Molecular Chirality by Circularly Polarized Light in Cyclic Azobenzene with a Photoswitchable Benzene Rotor. Chemistry 2011; 17:7304-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Hashim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001‐0020 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 11‐706‐9357
| | - Reji Thomas
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001‐0020 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 11‐706‐9357
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001‐0020 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 11‐706‐9357
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xi X, Fang Y, Dong T, Cui Y. Bottom-up assembly from a helicate to homochiral micro- and mesoporous metal-organic frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1154-8. [PMID: 21268216 PMCID: PMC3047008 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yong Cui
- * X. Xi, Y. Fang, T. Dong, Prof. Y. Cui School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China), Fax: (+86) 21-5474-1297 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thomas R, Tamaoki N. Chirality transfer from chiral solvents and its memory in an azobenzene derivative exhibiting photo-switchable racemization. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5389-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05453h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Xi X, Fang Y, Dong T, Cui Y. Bottom-Up Assembly from a Helicate to Homochiral Micro- and Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
|
18
|
Asymmetric Autocatalysis with Organozinc Complexes; Elucidation of the Reaction Pathway. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
19
|
Satyanarayana T, Kagan HB. Amplification of the enantiomeric excess of a compound in kinetic resolution by a racemic reagent. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Micskei K, Maioli M, Zucchi C, Caglioti L, Pályi G. Generalization possibilities of autocatalytic absolute enantioselective synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Soai K, Sato I, Shibata T, Komiya S, Hayashi M, Matsueda Y, Imamura H, Hayase T, Morioka H, Tabira H, Yamamoto J, Kowata Y. Asymmetric synthesis of pyrimidyl alkanol without adding chiral substances by the addition of diisopropylzinc to pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde in conjunction with asymmetric autocatalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
22
|
Vystorop IV, Lyssenko KA, Kostyanovsky RG. 2-Phenyl-3-hydroxyimidazolidin-4-one: the regioselective synthesis, structure and enantiomerically enriched crystallization. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2003. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2003v013n03abeh001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
Absolute asymmetric synthesis, i.e., the formation of enantiomerically enriched products from achiral precursors without the intervention of chiral chemical reagents or catalysts, is in practice unavoidable on statistical grounds alone. That random chance, combined with suitable amplification mechanisms, might ultimately account for biomolecular homochirality in Nature was recognized more than a century ago. Soai and collaborators have recently developed an asymmetric autocatalysis reaction that is capable of amplifying a tiny enantiomeric excess of far below 1% to yield a nearly enantiopure product. Although there is no easy way to tell the difference between an asymmetric autocatalysis reaction initiated by the tiny enantiomeric excess due to random chance and one initiated by minuscule quantities of unidentified chiral impurities, it is nevertheless all but certain that the Soai reaction is capable of producing optically active compounds by an absolute asymmetric synthesis, starting from nominally achiral reagents free of chiral contaminants and run under achiral conditions, e.g., without the intervention of chiral physical forces.
Collapse
|
24
|
Vystorop IV, Lyssenko KA, Kostyanovsky RG. 3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylimidazolidin-4-one: the regioselective synthesis and chiral crystallization. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2002. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2002v012n03abeh001603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Buschmann H, Thede R, Heller D. New Developments in the Origins of the Homochirality of Biologically Relevant Molecules The authors would like to thank the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4033-4036. [PMID: 11093195 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001117)39:22<4033::aid-anie4033>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Buschmann
- Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Forschungszentrum Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen (Germany)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Heller D, Drexler HJ, Fischer C, Buschmann H, Baumann W, Heller B. Wie lange kennen wir schon nichtlineare Effekte in der Katalyse? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000204)112:3<505::aid-ange505>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
29
|
Abstract
After clarifying the frequently misused term homochirality, the crucial importance of homochirality and chiral purity in the development and maintenance of the essential biopolymers of life--proteins and nucleic acids--is discussed. The harsh and forbidding prebiotic environment during the era of cometary impact after formation of the Earth approximately 4.5 Gyr ago is described, after which the most important abiotic mechanisms proposed historically for the genesis of chiral molecules on the primitive Earth are enumerated. Random and determinate terrestrial mechanisms are each evaluated with regard to the environmental restraints imposed during the impact era, and it is concluded that all such mechanisms would be inapplicable and implausible in the realistic prebiotic environment. To circumvent these limitations, an extended hypothesis is presented describing an extraterrestrial source of homochiral terrestrial molecules. Illustrated in Figure 2, this scenario involves the partial asymmetric photolysis of the racemic constituents of organic mantles on interstellar dust grains by the circularly polarized ultraviolet components of the synchrotron radiation emanating from the neutron star remnants of super-novae. The resulting homochiral constituents with low enanantiomeric excesses (e.e.s) so produced in the organic mantles are subsequently conveyed to Earth either by direct accumulation or, more likely, after coalescence into comets or asteroids, followed by repetitive impingement during the impact era. Finally, the low e.e.s of the extraterrestrial homochiral molecules so introduced are amplified by terrestrial autocatalytic or polymerization mechanisms into a state of chiral purity, then are ultimately concentrated and protected by sequestration in the interiors of spontaneously formed protocellular vesicles--there to await further chemical evolution toward the biomolecules of life. Recent observations of the excess of L-over D-amino acids in the Murchison meteorite are cited as validation for the early stages of the proposed hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Bonner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Avalos M, Babiano R, Cintas P, Jiménez J, Palacios JC. Nonlinear stereochemical effects in asymmetric reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
The crucial role of homochirality and chiral homogeneity in the self-replication of contemporary biopolymers is emphasized, and the experimentally demonstrated advantages of these chirality attributes in simpler polymeric systems are summarized. The implausibility of life without chirality and hence of a biogenic scenario for the origin of chiral molecules is stressed, and chance and determinate abiotic mechanisms for the origin of chirality are reviewed briefly in the context of their potential viability on the primitive Earth. It is concluded that all such mechanisms would be nonviable, and that the turbulent prebiotic environment would require an ongoing extraterrestrial source for the accumulation of chiral molecules on the primitive Earth. A scenario is described wherein the circularly polarized ultraviolet synchrotron radiation from the neutron star remnants of supernovae engenders asymmetric photolysis of the racemic constituents in the organic mantles on interstellar dust grains, whereupon these chiral constituents are transported repetitively to the primitive Earth by direct accretion of the interstellar dust or through impacts of comets and asteroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Bonner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|