1
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Directed self-assembly of a xenogeneic vascularized endocrine pancreas for type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:878. [PMID: 36797282 PMCID: PMC9935529 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic islet transplantation is the standard cell therapy for β cell replacement. However, the shortage of organ donors and an unsatisfactory engraftment limit its application to a selected patients with type 1 diabetes. There is an urgent need to identify alternative strategies based on an unlimited source of insulin producing cells and innovative scaffolds to foster cell interaction and integration to orchestrate physiological endocrine function. We previously proposed the use of decellularized lung as a scaffold for β cell replacement with the final goal of engineering a vascularized endocrine organ. Here, we prototyped this technology with the integration of neonatal porcine islet and healthy subject-derived blood outgrowth endothelial cells to engineer a xenogeneic vascularized endocrine pancreas. We validated ex vivo cell integration and function, its engraftment and performance in a preclinical model of diabetes. Results showed that this technology not only is able to foster neonatal pig islet maturation in vitro, but also to perform in vivo immediately upon transplantation and for over 18 weeks, compared to normal performance within 8 weeks in various state of the art preclinical models. Given the recent progress in donor pig genetic engineering, this technology may enable the assembly of immune-protected functional endocrine organs.
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2
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Olagoke OC, Segatto ALA, Afolabi BA, Ardisson-Araujo D, Aschner M, Rocha JBT. RPS6 transcriptional modulation in neural tissues of Nauphoeta cinerea during streptozotocin-associated sugar metabolism impairment. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110785. [PMID: 35931314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of insects to model molecular events that characterize degenerative conditions was originally met with scepticism. However, the discovery of insect insulin-like peptides in the 1970's and the demonstration of evolutionary conservation of insulin-related signalling from insects to mammals have highlighted the importance and reduced cost of insect models in biomedical research. Here, we expand on our earlier described modelling of streptozotocin-induced brain glucose metabolic disruption in Nauphoeta cinerea, using RNA-sequencing analysis to study the transcriptional and genetic signatures of degeneration and stress signalling when glucose levels are elevated in the brain of the lobster cockroach. Nymphs were randomly divided into three groups: Control (0.8% NaCl), and two single streptozotocin injection doses (74 nmol and 740 nmol). The transcriptional analyses featured a dysregulation of 226 genes at high dose STZ treatment and 278 genes at the low dose. Our mRNA-sequencing data showed that ribosomal protein genes were the most upregulated genes at both 74 and 740 nmol STZ treatment. We therefore used RT-qPCR and relative transcriptional methods to validate our proposed mechanism of brain glucose toxicity-induced degeneration in Nauphoeta cinerea, which involved the upregulation of ribosomal proteins and rpS6 regulators (mTORC1, protein kinases, casein kinase 1 and Death-associated protein kinase), the upregulation of MAPK cascades (RAS, ERK, P38 and JNK), alongside the downregulation of the PI3K/AKT cascade. Taken together, this study highlights the remarkable opportunity for Nauphoeta cinerea use as an experimental organism in hyperglycaemia, degeneration, and stress signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawande C Olagoke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences (CCNE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ana L A Segatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences (CCNE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Ardisson-Araujo
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - João B T Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences (CCNE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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3
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Purnama U, Castro-Guarda M, Sahoo OS, Carr CA. Modelling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Using Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Complement Animal Models. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090832. [PMID: 36144236 PMCID: PMC9503602 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. There is a pressing need for an in vitro model to aid understanding of the mechanisms driving diabetic heart disease, and to provide an accurate, reliable tool for drug testing. Human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have potential as a disease modelling tool. There are several factors that drive molecular changes inside cardiomyocytes contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy, including hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity and hyperinsulinemia. Here we discuss these factors and how they can be seen in animal models and utilised in cell culture to mimic the diabetic heart. The use of human iPSC-CMs will allow for a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and open up new avenues for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713216, India
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1865-282247
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4
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Overi D, Carpino G, Moretti M, Franchitto A, Nevi L, Onori P, De Smaele E, Federici L, Santorelli D, Maroder M, Reid LM, Cardinale V, Alvaro D, Gaudio E. Islet Regeneration and Pancreatic Duct Glands in Human and Experimental Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:814165. [PMID: 35186929 PMCID: PMC8855925 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.814165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrasting evidence is present regarding the contribution of stem/progenitor cell populations to pancreatic regeneration in diabetes. Interestingly, a cell compartment with stem/progenitor cell features has been identified in the pancreatic duct glands (PDGs). The aims of the present study were to evaluate pancreatic islet injury and regeneration, and the participation of the PDG compartment in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and in an experimental model of diabetes. Human pancreata were obtained from normal (N = 5) or T2DM (N = 10) cadaveric organ donors. Experimental diabetes was generated in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ, N = 10); N = 10 STZ mice also received daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 µg of human recombinant PDX1 peptide (STZ + PDX1). Samples were examined by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence or RT-qPCR. Serum glucose and c-peptide levels were measured in mice. Islets in T2DM patients showed β-cell loss, signs of injury and proliferation, and a higher proportion of central islets. PDGs in T2DM patients had a higher percentage of proliferating and insulin+ or glucagon+ cells compared to controls; pancreatic islets could be observed within pancreatic duct walls of T2DM patients. STZ mice were characterized by reduced islet area compared to controls. PDX1 treatment increased islet area and the percentage of central islets compared to untreated STZ mice but did not revert diabetes. In conclusion, T2DM patients show signs of pancreatic islet regeneration and involvement of the PDG niche. PDX1 administration could support increased endocrine pancreatic regeneration in STZ. These findings contribute to defining the role and participation of stem/progenitor cell compartments within the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Guido Carpino,
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- CAST Center for Advanced Studies and Technology and Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Odontoiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniele Santorelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marella Maroder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lola M. Reid
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Dixit M, Liu Z, Poudel SB, Yildirim G, Zhang YZ, Mehta S, Murik O, Altarescu G, Kobayashi Y, Shimizu E, Schaffler MB, Yakar S. Skeletal Response to Insulin in the Naturally Occurring Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10483. [PMID: 33977201 PMCID: PMC8101621 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) exhibit reduced BMD and significant increases in fracture risk. Changes in BMD are attributed to blunted osteoblast activity and inhibited bone remodeling, but these cannot fully explain the impaired bone integrity in T1DM. The goal of this study was to determine the cellular mechanisms that contribute to impaired bone morphology and composition in T1DM. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were used, along with μCT, histomorphometry, histology, Raman spectroscopy, and RNAseq analyses of several skeletal sites in response to naturally occurring hyperglycemia and insulin treatment. The bone volume in the axial skeleton was found to be severely reduced in diabetic NOD mice and was not completely resolved with insulin treatment. Decreased bone volume in diabetic mice was associated with increased sclerostin expression in osteocytes and attenuation of bone formation indices without changes in bone resorption. In the face of blunted bone remodeling, decreases in the mineral:matrix ratio were found in cortical bones of diabetic mice by Raman microspectroscopy, suggesting that T1DM did not affect the bone mineralization process per se, but rather resulted in microenvironmental alterations that favored mineral loss. Bone transcriptome analysis indicated metabolic shifts in response to T1DM. Dysregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, transport, and synthesis was found in diabetic NOD mice. Specifically, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 and glucose transporter 1 levels were increased, whereas phosphorylated-AKT levels were significantly reduced in diabetic NOD mice. In conclusion, in addition to the blunted bone formation, osteoblasts and osteocytes undergo metabolic shifts in response to T1DM that may alter the microenvironment and contribute to mineral loss from the bone matrix. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Gozde Yildirim
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yanjiao Zhang Zhang
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Shilpa Mehta
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Omer Murik
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Geona Altarescu
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | | | - Emi Shimizu
- Oral Biology DepartmentRutgers School of Dental MedicineNewarkNJUSA
| | | | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
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6
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King AJF, Daniels Gatward LF, Kennard MR. Practical Considerations when Using Mouse Models of Diabetes. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2128:1-10. [PMID: 32180182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models of diabetes are important tools used in preclinical diabetes research. However, when working with these models, it is important to consider factors that could influence experimental outcome. This is particularly important given the wide variety of models available, each with specific characteristics that could be influenced by extrinsic or intrinsic factors. Blood glucose concentrations, a commonly used and valid endpoint in these models, are particularly susceptible to manipulation by these factors. These include potential effects of intrinsic factors such as strain, sex, and age and extrinsic factors such as husbandry practices and experimental protocols. These variables should therefore be taken into consideration when the model is chosen and the experiments are designed. This chapter outlines common variables that can impact the phenotype of a model, as well as describes the methods used for assessing onset of diabetes and monitoring diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen J F King
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Matilda R Kennard
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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7
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Villalba A, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Perna-Barrull D, Ampudia RM, Gomez-Muñoz L, Pujol-Autonell I, Aguilera E, Coma M, Cano-Sarabia M, Vázquez F, Verdaguer J, Vives-Pi M. Repurposed Analog of GLP-1 Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic Mice Through Pancreatic Cell Reprogramming. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:258. [PMID: 32477262 PMCID: PMC7237704 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. An ideal immunotherapy should combine the blockade of the autoimmune response with the recovery of functional target cell mass. With the aim to develop new therapies for type 1 diabetes that could contribute to β-cell mass restoration, a drug repositioning analysis based on systems biology was performed to identify the β-cell regenerative potential of commercially available compounds. Drug repositioning is a strategy used for identifying new uses for approved drugs that are outside the scope of the medical indication. A list of 28 non-synonymous repurposed drug candidates was obtained, and 16 were selected as diabetes mellitus type 1 treatment candidates regarding pancreatic β-cell regeneration. Drugs with poor safety profile were further filtered out. Lastly, we selected liraglutide for its predictive efficacy values for neogenesis, transdifferentiation of α-cells, and/or replication of pre-existing β-cells. Liraglutide is an analog of glucagon-like peptide-1, a drug used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Liraglutide was tested in immunodeficient NOD-Scid IL2rg-/- (NSG) mice with type 1 diabetes. Liraglutide significantly improved the blood glucose levels in diabetic NSG mice. During the treatment, a significant increase in β-cell mass was observed due to a boost in β-cell number. Both parameters were reduced after withdrawal. Interestingly, islet bihormonal glucagon+insulin+ cells and insulin+ ductal cells arose during treatment. In vitro experiments showed an increase of insulin and glucagon gene expression in islets cultured with liraglutide in normoglycemia conditions. These results point to β-cell replacement, including transdifferentiation and neogenesis, as aiding factors and support the role of liraglutide in β-cell mass restoration in type 1 diabetes. Understanding the mechanism of action of this drug could have potential clinical relevance in this autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Villalba
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Perna-Barrull
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Ampudia
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laia Gomez-Muñoz
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Aguilera
- Endocrinology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Federico Vázquez
- Endocrinology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Vives-Pi
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8
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Abstract
Islet transplantation is a potential treatment for Type 1 diabetes; however, improvements need to be made before it could become clinically widely available. In preclinical studies, the mouse is often used to model islet transplantation, with most studies aiming to improve transplantation outcome by manipulating the islets prior to transplantation or by treating the recipient mouse. Here, we describe the process of islet transplantation in the mouse, including how one can make the mouse diabetic, isolate donor islets, and transplant the islets into two different sites. Finally, we discuss how to assess the outcome of the transplantation in order to determine whether the experimental intervention has been beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen J F King
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Chloe L Rackham
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Alcazar O, Hernandez LF, Tschiggfrie A, Muehlbauer MJ, Bain JR, Buchwald P, Abdulreda MH. Feasibility of Localized Metabolomics in the Study of Pancreatic Islets and Diabetes. Metabolites 2019; 9:E207. [PMID: 31569489 PMCID: PMC6835460 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Disruption of insulin production by native or transplanted pancreatic islets caused by auto/allo-immunity leads to hyperglycemia, a serious health condition and important therapeutic challenge due to the lifelong need for exogeneous insulin administration. Early metabolic biomarkers can prompt timely interventions to preserve islet function, but reliable biomarkers are currently lacking. We explored the feasibility of "localized metabolomics" where initial biomarker discovery is made in aqueous humor samples for further validation in the circulation. (2) Methods: We conducted non-targeted metabolomic studies in parallel aqueous humor and plasma samples from diabetic and nondiabetic mice. Metabolite levels and associated pathways were compared in both compartments as well as to an earlier longitudinal dataset in hyperglycemia-progressor versus non-progressor non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. (3) Results: We confirmed that aqueous humor samples can be used to assess metabolite levels. About half of the identified metabolites had well-correlated levels in the aqueous humor and plasma. Several plasma metabolites were significantly different between diabetic and nondiabetic animals and between males and females, and many of them were correlated with the aqueous humor. (4) Conclusions: This study provides proof-of-concept evidence that aqueous humor samples enriched with islet-related metabolites and representative of the immediate islet microenvironment following intraocular islet transplant can be used to assess metabolic changes that could otherwise be overlooked in the general circulation. The findings support localized metabolomics, with and without intraocular islet transplant, to identify biomarkers associated with diabetes and islet allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alcazar
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Luis F Hernandez
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Ashley Tschiggfrie
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Midhat H Abdulreda
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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10
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Kanemoto N, Okamoto T, Tanabe K, Shimada T, Minoshima H, Hidoh Y, Aoyama M, Ban T, Kobayashi Y, Ando H, Inoue Y, Itotani M, Sato S. Antidiabetic and cardiovascular beneficial effects of a liver-localized mitochondrial uncoupler. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2172. [PMID: 31092829 PMCID: PMC6520346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing mitochondrial uncoupling (mUncoupling) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic diseases because it leads to calorie-wasting by reducing the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. Here we report a safe mUncoupler, OPC-163493, which has unique pharmacokinetic characteristics. OPC-163493 shows a good bioavailability upon oral administration and primarily distributed to specific organs: the liver and kidneys, avoiding systemic toxicities. It exhibits insulin-independent antidiabetic effects in multiple animal models of type I and type II diabetes and antisteatotic effects in fatty liver models. These beneficial effects can be explained by the improvement of glucose metabolism and enhancement of energy expenditure by OPC-163493 in the liver. Moreover, OPC-163493 treatment lowered blood pressure, extended survival, and improved renal function in the rat model of stroke/hypertension, possibly by enhancing NO bioavailability in blood vessels and reducing mitochondrial ROS production. OPC-163493 is a liver-localized/targeted mUncoupler that ameliorates various complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Kanemoto
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan.
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Koji Tanabe
- Department of CNS Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Hitomi Minoshima
- Pharmaceutical Planning Group, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-16-4 Shinagawa Grand Central Tower Minatominami Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8242, Japan
| | - Yuya Hidoh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoyama
- Biology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Ban
- Department of Renal and Cardiovascular Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ando
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Motohiro Itotani
- Quality Assurance Section (Tokushima Wajiki Factory), Quality Assurance Department, Headquarters for Product Safety and Quality Assurance, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 306-2 Otsubo Koniu aza Naka-cho Naka-gun, Tokushima, 771-5209, Japan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
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11
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Haque M, Lei F, Xiong X, Das JK, Ren X, Fang D, Salek-Ardakani S, Yang JM, Song J. Stem cell-derived tissue-associated regulatory T cells suppress the activity of pathogenic cells in autoimmune diabetes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126471. [PMID: 30777937 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoantigen-specific Tregs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), i.e., PSC-Tregs, have the ability to suppress autoimmunity. PSC-Tregs can be programmed to be tissue associated and to infiltrate into local inflamed tissues to suppress autoimmune responses after adoptive transfer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the autoantigen-specific PSC-Tregs suppress the autoimmune response remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we generated functional autoantigen-specific Tregs from the induced PSC (iPSCs), i.e., iPSC-Tregs, and investigated the underlying mechanisms of autoimmunity suppression by these Tregs in a type 1 diabetes (T1D) murine model. A double-Tg mouse model of T1D was established in F1 mice, in which the first generation of RIP-mOVA Tg mice that were crossed with OT-I T cell receptor (TCR) Tg mice was challenged with vaccinia viruses expressing OVA (VACV-OVA). We show that adoptive transfer of OVA-specific iPSC-Tregs greatly suppressed autoimmunity in the animal model and prevented the insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells from destruction. Further, we demonstrate that the adoptive transfer significantly reduced the expression of ICAM-1 in the diabetic pancreas and inhibited the migration of pathogenic CD8+ T cells and the production of the proinflammatory IFN-γ in the pancreas. These results indicate that the stem cell-derived tissue-associated Tregs can robustly accumulate in the diabetic pancreas, and, through downregulating the expression of ICAM-1 in the local inflamed tissues and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ, suppress the migration and activity of the pathogenic immune cells that cause T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haque
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fengyang Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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12
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Biofabrication of a vascularized islet organ for type 1 diabetes. Biomaterials 2019; 199:40-51. [PMID: 30735895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is superior to extrinsic insulin supplementation in the treating severe Type 1 diabetes. However, its efficiency and longevity are limited by substantial islet loss post-transplantation due to lack of engraftment and vascular supply. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel approach to bio-fabricate functional, vascularized islet organs (VIOs) ex vivo. We endothelialized acellular lung matrixes to provide a biocompatible multicompartment scaffold with an intact hierarchical vascular tree as a backbone for islet engraftment. Over seven days of culture, islets anatomically and functionally integrated into the surrounding bio-engineered vasculature, generating a functional perfusable endocrine organ. When exposed to supra-physiologic arterial glucose levels in vivo and ex vivo, mature VIOs responded with a physiologic insulin release from the vein and provided more efficient reduction of hyperglycemia compared to intraportally transplanted fresh islets. In long-term transplants in diabetic mice, subcutaneously implanted VIOs achieved normoglycemia significantly faster and more efficiently compared to islets that were transplanted in deviceless fashion. We conclude that ex vivo bio-fabrication of VIOs enables islet engraftment and vascularization before transplantation, and thereby helps to overcome limited islet survival and function observed in conventional islet transplantation. Given recent progress in stem cells, this technology may enable assembly of functional personalized endocrine organs.
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13
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Perone MJ, Gimeno ML, Fuertes F. Immunomodulatory Properties and Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Muse Cells Administration in Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1103:115-129. [PMID: 30484226 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56847-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well established the link between inflammation and the development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory agents. Therefore, developing new strategies to efficiently control dysregulated inflammation could have substantial benefits in the treatment of diabetes. Recently, a novel population of non-tumorigenic pluripotent stem cells, named multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells, was discovered. Muse cells secrete significant amounts of TGF-β1, a key cytokine governing down-modulation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. In this chapter, we discuss the immunomodulatory properties of Muse cells as well as the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1 as mediator of Muse cell action. We also describe the role of certain cytokines/growth factors highly expressed in Muse cells as potential mediators of their effects. Finally, we provide evidence of the beneficial effects of adipose tissue-derived Muse cells in an experimental mice model of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Javier Perone
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Gimeno
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fuertes
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Basu M, Zhu JY, LaHaye S, Majumdar U, Jiao K, Han Z, Garg V. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying maternal diabetes-associated risk of congenital heart disease. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95085. [PMID: 29046480 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality, and they are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental risk factors may contribute to birth defects in genetically susceptible infants by altering critical molecular pathways during embryogenesis, but experimental evidence for gene-environment interactions is limited. Fetal hyperglycemia associated with maternal diabetes results in a 5-fold increased risk of congenital heart disease (CHD), but the molecular basis for this correlation is unknown. Here, we show that the effects of maternal hyperglycemia on cardiac development are sensitized by haploinsufficiency of Notch1, a key transcriptional regulator known to cause CHD. Using ATAC-seq, we found that hyperglycemia decreased chromatin accessibility at the endothelial NO synthase (Nos3) locus, resulting in reduced NO synthesis. Transcription of Jarid2, a regulator of histone methyltransferase complexes, was increased in response to reduced NO, and this upregulation directly resulted in inhibition of Notch1 expression to levels below a threshold necessary for normal heart development. We extended these findings using a Drosophila maternal diabetic model that revealed the evolutionary conservation of this interaction and the Jarid2-mediated mechanism. These findings identify a gene-environment interaction between maternal hyperglycemia and Notch signaling and support a model in which environmental factors cause birth defects in genetically susceptible infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun-Yi Zhu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephanie LaHaye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Uddalak Majumdar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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15
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Harb G, Poh YC, Pagliuca F. Stem Cell-Derived Insulin-Producing β Cells to Treat Diabetes. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-017-0161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Nutter CA, Jaworski E, Verma SK, Perez-Carrasco Y, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. Developmentally regulated alternative splicing is perturbed in type 1 diabetic skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:744-749. [PMID: 28164326 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetic patients can develop skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy by molecular mechanisms that are not well understood. Alternative splicing (AS) is critical for gene expression in the skeletal muscle, and its dysregulation is implicated in muscle weakness and atrophy. Therefore, we investigated whether AS patterns are affected in type 1 diabetic skeletal muscle contributing to skeletal muscle defects. METHODS AS patterns were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and levels of RNA binding proteins were assessed by Western blot in type 1 diabetic mouse skeletal muscle and during normal mouse skeletal muscle development. RESULTS Five genes with critical functions in the skeletal muscle are misspliced in type 1 diabetic skeletal muscle, resembling their AS patterns at embryonic stages. AS of these genes undergoes dramatic transitions during skeletal muscle development, correlating with changes in specific RNA binding proteins. CONCLUSION Embryonic spliced variants are inappropriately expressed in type 1 diabetic skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 56: 744-749, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Nutter
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jaworski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Sunil K Verma
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | | | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.,Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Translational Sciences University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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17
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Wagner K, Gilda J, Yang J, Wan D, Morisseau C, Gomes AV, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition alleviates neuropathy in Akita (Ins2 Akita) mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:69-76. [PMID: 28259677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a regulatory enzyme responsible for the metabolism of bioactive lipid epoxides of both omega-6 and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. These natural epoxides mediate cell signaling in several physiological functions including blocking inflammation, high blood pressure and both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Inhibition of the sEH maintains the level of endogenous bioactive epoxy-fatty acids (EpFA) and allows them to exert their generally beneficial effects. The Akita (Ins2Akita or Ins2C96Y) mice represent a maturity-onset of diabetes of the young (MODY) model in lean, functionally unimpaired animals, with a sexually dimorphic disease phenotype. This allowed for a test of male and female mice in a battery of functional and nociceptive assays to probe the role of sEH in this system. The results demonstrate that inhibiting the sEH is analgesic in diabetic neuropathy and this occurs in a sexually dimorphic manner. Interestingly, sEH activity is also sexually dimorphic in the Akita model, and moreover correlates with disease status particularly in the hearts of male mice. In addition, in vivo levels of oxidized lipid metabolites also correlate with increased sEH expression and the pathogenesis of disease in this model. Thus, sEH is a target to effectively block diabetic neuropathic pain but also demonstrates a potential role in mitigating the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jennifer Gilda
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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18
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Jolivalt CG, Frizzi KE, Guernsey L, Marquez A, Ochoa J, Rodriguez M, Calcutt NA. Peripheral Neuropathy in Mouse Models of Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:223-255. [PMID: 27584552 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a frequent complication of chronic diabetes that most commonly presents as a distal degenerative polyneuropathy with sensory loss. Around 20% to 30% of such patients may also experience neuropathic pain. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are uncertain, and therapeutic options are limited. Rodent models of diabetes have been used for more than 40 years to study neuropathy and evaluate potential therapies. For much of this period, streptozotocin-diabetic rats were the model of choice. The emergence of new technologies that allow relatively cheap and routine manipulations of the mouse genome has prompted increased use of mouse models of diabetes to study neuropathy. In this article, we describe the commonly used mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and provide protocols to phenotype the structural, functional, and behavioral indices of peripheral neuropathy, with a particular emphasis on assays pertinent to the human condition. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne G Jolivalt
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Katie E Frizzi
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lucie Guernsey
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alex Marquez
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseline Ochoa
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Maria Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nigel A Calcutt
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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19
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Liu Y, Li X, Xie C, Luo X, Bao Y, Wu B, Hu Y, Zhong Z, Liu C, Li M. Prevention Effects and Possible Molecular Mechanism of Mulberry Leaf Extract and its Formulation on Rats with Insulin-Insensitivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152728. [PMID: 27054886 PMCID: PMC4824359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, mulberry leaf has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes. This study aims to test the prevention effects of a proprietary mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and a formula consisting of MLE, fenugreek seed extract, and cinnamon cassia extract (MLEF) on insulin resistance development in animals. MLE was refined to contain 5% 1-deoxynojirimycin by weight. MLEF was formulated by mixing MLE with cinnamon cassia extract and fenugreek seed extract at a 6:5:3 ratio (by weight). First, the acute toxicity effects of MLE on ICR mice were examined at 5 g/kg BW dose. Second, two groups of normal rats were administrated with water or 150 mg/kg BW MLE per day for 29 days to evaluate MLE’s effect on normal animals. Third, to examine the effects of MLE and MLEF on model animals, sixty SD rats were divided into five groups, namely, (1) normal, (2) model, (3) high-dose MLE (75 mg/kg BW) treatment; (4) low-dose MLE (15 mg/kg BW) treatment; and (5) MLEF (35 mg/kg BW) treatment. On the second week, rats in groups (2)-(5) were switched to high-energy diet for three weeks. Afterward, the rats were injected (ip) with a single dose of 105 mg/kg BW alloxan. After four more days, fasting blood glucose, post-prandial blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured. Last, liver lysates from animals were screened with 650 antibodies for changes in the expression or phosphorylation levels of signaling proteins. The results were further validated by Western blot analysis. We found that the maximum tolerance dose of MLE was greater than 5 g/kg in mice. The MLE at a 150 mg/kg BW dose showed no effect on fast blood glucose levels in normal rats. The MLE at a 75 mg/kg BW dose and MLEF at a 35 mg/kg BW dose, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced fast blood glucose levels in rats with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. In total, 34 proteins with significant changes in expression and phosphorylation levels were identified. The changes of JNK, IRS1, and PDK1 were confirmed by western blot analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential protective effects of MLE and MLEF against hyperglycemia induced by high-energy diet and toxic chemicals in rats for the first time. The most likely mechanism is the promotion of IRS1 phosphorylation, which leads to insulin sensitivity restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Research and Development Center of Amway (China), Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control (Beijing Center For Health Food And Cosmetics Control), Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiuzhen Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchi Hu
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control (Beijing Center For Health Food And Cosmetics Control), Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Botanic Century (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (MJL)
| | - MinJie Li
- Research and Development Center of Amway (China), Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (MJL)
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20
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Kuznetsova A, Yu Y, Hollister-Lock J, Opare-Addo L, Rozzo A, Sadagurski M, Norquay L, Reed JE, El Khattabi I, Bonner-Weir S, Weir GC, Sharma A, White MF. Trimeprazine increases IRS2 in human islets and promotes pancreatic β cell growth and function in mice. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27152363 PMCID: PMC4854304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.80749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of pancreatic β cells to maintain glucose homeostasis during chronic physiologic and immunologic stress is important for cellular and metabolic homeostasis. Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) is a regulated adapter protein that links the insulin and IGF1 receptors to downstream signaling cascades. Since strategies to maintain or increase IRS2 expression can promote β cell growth, function, and survival, we conducted a screen to find small molecules that can increase IRS2 mRNA in isolated human pancreatic islets. We identified 77 compounds, including 15 that contained a tricyclic core. To establish the efficacy of our approach, one of the tricyclic compounds, trimeprazine tartrate, was investigated in isolated human islets and in mouse models. Trimeprazine is a first-generation antihistamine that acts as a partial agonist against the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and other GPCRs, some of which are expressed on human islets. Trimeprazine promoted CREB phosphorylation and increased the concentration of IRS2 in islets. IRS2 was required for trimeprazine to increase nuclear Pdx1, islet mass, β cell replication and function, and glucose tolerance in mice. Moreover, trimeprazine synergized with anti-CD3 Abs to reduce the progression of diabetes in NOD mice. Finally, it increased the function of human islet transplants in streptozotocin-induced (STZ-induced) diabetic mice. Thus, trimeprazine, its analogs, or possibly other compounds that increase IRS2 in islets and β cells without adverse systemic effects might provide mechanism-based strategies to prevent the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kuznetsova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yue Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Hollister-Lock
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn Opare-Addo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aldo Rozzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Norquay
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica E Reed
- Housey Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | - Ilham El Khattabi
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon C Weir
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Morris F White
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Carpino G, Puca R, Cardinale V, Renzi A, Scafetta G, Nevi L, Rossi M, Berloco PB, Ginanni Corradini S, Reid LM, Maroder M, Gaudio E, Alvaro D. Peribiliary Glands as a Niche of Extrapancreatic Precursors Yielding Insulin-Producing Cells in Experimental and Human Diabetes. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1332-42. [PMID: 26850087 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peribiliary glands (PBGs) are niches in the biliary tree and containing heterogeneous endodermal stem/progenitors cells that can differentiate, in vitro and in vivo, toward pancreatic islets. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in experimental and human diabetes, proliferation of cells in PBGs and differentiation of the biliary tree stem/progenitor cells (BTSCs) toward insulin-producing cells. Diabetes was generated in mice by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 200 mg/kg (N = 12) or 120 mg/kg (N = 12) of streptozotocin. Liver, pancreas, and extrahepatic biliary trees were en bloc dissected and examined. Cells in PBGs proliferated in experimental diabetes, and their proliferation was greatest in the PBGs of the hepatopancreatic ampulla, and inversely correlated with the pancreatic islet area. In rodents, the cell proliferation in PBGs was characterized by the expansion of Sox9-positive stem/progenitor cells that gave rise to insulin-producing cells. Insulin-producing cells were located mostly in PBGs in the portion of the biliary tree closest to the duodenum, and their appearance was associated with upregulation of MafA and Gli1 gene expression. In patients with type 2 diabetes, PBGs at the level of the hepatopancreatic ampulla contained cells showing signs of proliferation and pancreatic fate commitment. In vitro, high glucose concentrations induced the differentiation of human BTSCs cultures toward pancreatic beta cell fates. The cells in PBGs respond to diabetes with proliferation and differentiation towards insulin-producing cells indicating that PBG niches may rescue pancreatic islet impairment in diabetes. These findings offer important implications for the pathophysiology and complications of this disease. Stem Cells 2016;34:1332-1342.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico,", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Puca
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia Renzi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Scafetta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Rossi
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale B Berloco
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ginanni Corradini
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lola M Reid
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marella Maroder
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Eleonora Lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation, Rome, Italy
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22
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Radenković M, Stojanović M, Prostran M. Experimental diabetes induced by alloxan and streptozotocin: The current state of the art. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 78:13-31. [PMID: 26596652 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high prevalence worldwide. Animal models of diabetes represent an important tool in diabetes investigation that helps us to avoid unnecessary and ethically challenging studies in human subjects, as well as to obtain a comprehensive scientific viewpoint of this disease. Although there are several methods through which diabetes can be induced, chemical methods of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes represent the most important and highly preferable experimental models for this pathological condition. Therefore, the aim of this article was to review the current knowledge related to quoted models of diabetes, including to this point available information about mechanism of action, particular time- and dose-dependent protocols, frequent problems, as well as major limitations linked to laboratory application of alloxan and sterptozotocin in inducing diabetes. Given that diabetes is known to be closely associated with serious health consequences it is of fundamental importance that current animal models for induction of diabetes should be continuously upgraded in order to improve overall prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Radenković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Prostran
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
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TAK1 inhibition prevents the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14593. [PMID: 26459028 PMCID: PMC4602205 DOI: 10.1038/srep14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1, Map3k7), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, is essential in innate and adaptive immune responses. We postulated that blockade of TAK1 would affect autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Administration of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OZ), a TAK1 inhibitor, decreased the incidence and delayed the onset of autoimmune diabetes in both spontaneous and accelerated (cyclophosphamide-induced) experimental NOD mice. OZ also reduced insulitis, preserved islet function, increased the expression of α1- antitrypsin (AAT), and severely inhibited NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways in immune organs and pancreatic tissues. Importantly, TAK1 inhibition by OZ elicited a Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift, and increased TGF-β1 production in cultured T lymphocytes supernatants. Systemic TAK1 inhibition induced immature DCs with lower expressions of MHC-II and CD86, attenuated DC-mediated T cell proliferation in allogeneic MLR, and production of cytokine IL-12p70 in DCs suspensions. The results indicate that TAK1 inhibition with OZ was associated with a lower frequency of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. The net effect of TAK1 inhibition in NOD mice therefore appears to be protective rather than disease-enhancing. Strategies targeting TAK1 specifically in NOD mice might prove useful for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes in general.
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24
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Klinker MW, Wei CH. Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in experimental animal models. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:556-567. [PMID: 25914763 PMCID: PMC4404391 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells [also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)] are currently being studied as a cell-based treatment for inflammatory disorders. Experimental animal models of human immune-mediated diseases have been instrumental in establishing their immunosuppressive properties. In this review, we summarize recent studies examining the effectiveness of MSCs as immunotherapy in several widely-studied animal models, including type 1 diabetes, experimental autoimmune arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft-vs-host disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, we discuss mechanisms identified by which MSCs mediate immune suppression in specific disease models, and potential sources of functional variability of MSCs between studies.
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25
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Han X, Ito T, Azuma J, Schaffer SW, Chesney RW. The quest for an animal model of diabetic nephropathy and the role of taurine deficiency. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:217-26. [PMID: 25833501 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA,
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26
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Weinstock JV, Elliott DE. Helminth infections decrease host susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3239-47. [PMID: 25240019 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Helminthic infection has become rare in highly industrialized nations. Concurrent with the decline in helminthic infection has been an increase in the prevalence of inflammatory disease. Removal of helminths from our environment and their powerful effects on host immunity may have contributed to this increase. Several helminth species can abrogate disease in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions. Helminths evoke immune regulatory pathways often involving dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and macrophages that help to control disease. Cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β, have a role. Notable is the helminthic modulatory effect on innate immunity, which impedes development of aberrant adaptive immunity. Investigators are identifying key helminth-derived immune modulatory molecules that may have therapeutic usefulness in the control of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111; and
| | - David E Elliott
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Suna G, Mayr M. Tracing the proteomic fingerprint of the diabetic aorta? CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:100-1. [PMID: 24736850 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Suna
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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