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Zhao D, Ali A, Zuck C, Uy L, Morris JG, Wong ACN. Vibrio cholerae Invasion Dynamics of the Chironomid Host Are Strongly Influenced by Aquatic Cell Density and Can Vary by Strain. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0265222. [PMID: 37074192 PMCID: PMC10269514 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02652-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera has been a human scourge since the early 1800s and remains a global public health challenge, caused by the toxigenic strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. In its aquatic reservoirs, V. cholerae has been shown to live in association with various arthropod hosts, including the chironomids, a diverse insect family commonly found in wet and semiwet habitats. The association between V. cholerae and chironomids may shield the bacterium from environmental stressors and amplify its dissemination. However, the interaction dynamics between V. cholerae and chironomids remain largely unknown. In this study, we developed freshwater microcosms with chironomid larvae to test the effects of cell density and strain on V. cholerae-chironomid interactions. Our results show that chironomid larvae can be exposed to V. cholerae up to a high inoculation dose (109 cells/mL) without observable detrimental effects. Meanwhile, interstrain variability in host invasion, including prevalence, bacterial load, and effects on host survival, was highly cell density-dependent. Microbiome analysis of the chironomid samples by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed a general effect of V. cholerae exposure on microbiome species evenness. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into V. cholerae invasion dynamics of the chironomid larvae with respect to various doses and strains. The findings suggest that aquatic cell density is a crucial driver of V. cholerae invasion success in chironomid larvae and pave the way for future work examining the effects of a broader dose range and environmental variables (e.g., temperature) on V. cholerae-chironomid interactions. IMPORTANCE Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a significant diarrheal disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that the environmental facets of the V. cholerae life cycle involve symbiotic associations with aquatic arthropods, which may facilitate its environmental persistence and dissemination. However, the dynamics of interactions between V. cholerae and aquatic arthropods remain unexplored. This study capitalized on using freshwater microcosms with chironomid larvae to investigate the effects of bacterial cell density and strain on V. cholerae-chironomid interactions. Our results suggest that aquatic cell density is the primary determinant of V. cholerae invasion success in chironomid larvae, while interstrain variability in invasion outcomes can be observed under specific cell density conditions. We also determined that V. cholerae exposure generally reduces species evenness of the chironomid-associated microbiome. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into V. cholerae-arthropod interactions using a newly developed experimental host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianshu Zhao
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Afsar Ali
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cameron Zuck
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laurice Uy
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J. Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adam Chun-Nin Wong
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Chaudhary N, Mohan B, Kaur H, Modgil V, Kant V, Bhatia A, Taneja N. Vibrio Phage VMJ710 Can Prevent and Treat Disease Caused by Pathogenic MDR V. cholerae O1 in an Infant Mouse Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1046. [PMID: 37370365 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera, a disease of antiquity, is still festering in developing countries that lack safe drinking water and sewage disposal. Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has developed multi-drug resistance to many antimicrobial agents. In aquatic habitats, phages are known to influence the occurrence and dispersion of pathogenic V. cholerae. We isolated Vibrio phage VMJ710 from a community sewage water sample of Manimajra, Chandigarh, in 2015 during an outbreak of cholera. It lysed 46% of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae O1 strains. It had significantly reduced the bacterial density within the first 4-6 h of treatment at the three multiplicity of infection (MOI 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0) values used. No bacterial resistance was observed against phage VMJ710 for 20 h in the time-kill assay. It is nearest to an ICP1 phage, i.e., Vibrio phage ICP1_2012 (MH310936.1), belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. ICP1 phages have been the dominant bacteriophages found in cholera patients' stools since 2001. Comparative genome analysis of phage VMJ710 and related phages indicated a high level of genetic conservation. The phage was stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH, which will be an advantage for applications in different environmental settings. The phage VMJ710 showed a reduction in biofilm mass growth, bacterial dispersal, and a clear disruption of bacterial biofilm structure. We further tested the phage VMJ710 for its potential therapeutic and prophylactic properties using infant BALB/c mice. Bacterial counts were reduced significantly when phages were administered before and after the challenge of orogastric inoculation with V. cholerae serotype O1. A comprehensive whole genome study revealed no indication of lysogenic genes, genes associated with possible virulence factors, or antibiotic resistance. Based on all these properties, phage VMJ710 can be a suitable candidate for oral phage administration and could be a viable method of combatting cholera infection caused by MDR V. cholerae pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Balvinder Mohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vinay Modgil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vishal Kant
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Neelam Taneja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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3
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Vidakovic L, Mikhaleva S, Jeckel H, Nisnevich V, Strenger K, Neuhaus K, Raveendran K, Ben-Moshe NB, Aznaourova M, Nosho K, Drescher A, Schmeck B, Schulte LN, Persat A, Avraham R, Drescher K. Biofilm formation on human immune cells is a multicellular predation strategy of Vibrio cholerae. Cell 2023; 186:2690-2704.e20. [PMID: 37295405 PMCID: PMC10256282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is generally recognized as a bacterial defense mechanism against environmental threats, including antibiotics, bacteriophages, and leukocytes of the human immune system. Here, we show that for the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, biofilm formation is not only a protective trait but also an aggressive trait to collectively predate different immune cells. We find that V. cholerae forms biofilms on the eukaryotic cell surface using an extracellular matrix comprising primarily mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pili, toxin-coregulated pili, and the secreted colonization factor TcpF, which differs from the matrix composition of biofilms on other surfaces. These biofilms encase immune cells and establish a high local concentration of a secreted hemolysin to kill the immune cells before the biofilms disperse in a c-di-GMP-dependent manner. Together, these results uncover how bacteria employ biofilm formation as a multicellular strategy to invert the typical relationship between human immune cells as the hunters and bacteria as the hunted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofya Mikhaleva
- Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Jeckel
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Valerya Nisnevich
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Konstantin Neuhaus
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Noa Bossel Ben-Moshe
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marina Aznaourova
- Institute for Lung Research, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kazuki Nosho
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antje Drescher
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 35043 Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043 Marburg, Germany; Institute for Lung Health, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Leon N Schulte
- Institute for Lung Research, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Persat
- Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roi Avraham
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Knut Drescher
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Davoodi S, Foley E. Host-Microbe-Pathogen Interactions: A Review of Vibrio cholerae Pathogenesis in Drosophila. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3128. [PMID: 32038640 PMCID: PMC6993214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most animals maintain mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships with their intestinal microbiota. Resident microbes in the gastrointestinal tract breakdown indigestible food, provide essential nutrients, and, act as a barrier against invading microbes, such as the enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Over the last decades, our knowledge of V. cholerae pathogenesis, colonization, and transmission has increased tremendously. A number of animal models have been used to study how V. cholerae interacts with host-derived resources to support gastrointestinal colonization. Here, we review studies on host-microbe interactions and how infection with V. cholerae disrupts these interactions, with a focus on contributions from the Drosophila melanogaster model. We will discuss studies that highlight the connections between symbiont, host, and V. cholerae metabolism; crosstalk between V. cholerae and host microbes; and the impact of the host immune system on the lethality of V. cholerae infection. These studies suggest that V. cholerae modulates host immune-metabolic responses in the fly and improves Vibrio fitness through competition with intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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5
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Kuehl CJ, D'Gama JD, Warr AR, Waldor MK. An Oral Inoculation Infant Rabbit Model for Shigella Infection. mBio 2020; 11:e03105-19. [PMID: 31964739 PMCID: PMC6974573 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03105-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella species cause diarrheal disease globally. Shigellosis is typically characterized by bloody stools and colitis with mucosal damage and is the leading bacterial cause of diarrheal death worldwide. After the pathogen is orally ingested, it invades and replicates within the colonic epithelium through mechanisms that rely on its type III secretion system (T3SS). Currently, oral infection-based small animal models to study the pathogenesis of shigellosis are lacking. Here, we found that orogastric inoculation of infant rabbits with Shigella flexneri resulted in diarrhea and colonic pathology resembling that found in human shigellosis. Fasting animals prior to S. flexneri inoculation increased the frequency of disease. The pathogen colonized the colon, where both luminal and intraepithelial foci were observed. The intraepithelial foci likely arise through S. flexneri spreading from cell to cell. Robust S. flexneri intestinal colonization, invasion of the colonic epithelium, and epithelial sloughing all required the T3SS as well as IcsA, a factor required for bacterial spreading and adhesion in vitro Expression of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8), detected with in situ mRNA labeling, was higher in animals infected with wild-type S. flexneri versus mutant strains deficient in icsA or T3SS, suggesting that epithelial invasion promotes expression of this chemokine. Collectively, our findings suggest that oral infection of infant rabbits offers a useful experimental model for studies of the pathogenesis of shigellosis and for testing of new therapeutics.IMPORTANCEShigella species are the leading bacterial cause of diarrheal death globally. The pathogen causes bacillary dysentery, a bloody diarrheal disease characterized by damage to the colonic mucosa and is usually spread through the fecal-oral route. Small animal models of shigellosis that rely on the oral route of infection are lacking. Here, we found that orogastric inoculation of infant rabbits with S. flexneri led to a diarrheal disease and colonic pathology reminiscent of human shigellosis. Diarrhea, intestinal colonization, and pathology in this model were dependent on the S. flexneri type III secretion system and IcsA, canonical Shigella virulence factors. Thus, oral infection of infant rabbits offers a feasible model to study the pathogenesis of shigellosis and to develop and test new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole J Kuehl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D D'Gama
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alyson R Warr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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A GntR Family Transcription Factor (VPA1701) for Swarming Motility and Colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040235. [PMID: 31766229 PMCID: PMC6963403 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Motility is important for virulence, biofilm formation, and the environmental adaptation of many bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) contains two flagellar systems that are responsible for motility, and are tightly regulated by transcription regulators and sigma factors. In this study, we identified a novel transcription factor, VPA1701, which regulates the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus. The VPA1701 deletion mutant (ΔVPA1701) eliminated the swarming motility on the surface of BHI agar plates and reduced colonization in infant rabbits. RNA-seq assays, confirmed by qRT-PCR, indicated that VPA1701 regulated the expression of lateral flagellar cluster genes. Further analyses revealed that VPA1701 directly binds to the promoter region of the flgBCDEFGHIJKL cluster to regulate the expression of lateral flagellar genes. CalR was originally identified as a repressor for the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus, and it was inhibited by calcium. In this study, we found that VPA1701 could inhibit the expression of the calR gene to increase the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus. Calcium downregulated the expression of calR, indicating that calcium could increase swarming motility of ΔVPA1701 by inhibiting calR. Thus, this study illustrates how the transcription factor VPA1701 regulates the expression of lateral flagellar genes and calR to control the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Warr AR, Hubbard TP, Munera D, Blondel CJ, Abel zur Wiesch P, Abel S, Wang X, Davis BM, Waldor MK. Transposon-insertion sequencing screens unveil requirements for EHEC growth and intestinal colonization. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007652. [PMID: 31404118 PMCID: PMC6705877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is an important food-borne pathogen that colonizes the colon. Transposon-insertion sequencing (TIS) was used to identify genes required for EHEC and E. coli K-12 growth in vitro and for EHEC growth in vivo in the infant rabbit colon. Surprisingly, many conserved loci contribute to EHEC's but not to K-12's growth in vitro. There was a restrictive bottleneck for EHEC colonization of the rabbit colon, which complicated identification of EHEC genes facilitating growth in vivo. Both a refined version of an existing analytic framework as well as PCA-based analysis were used to compensate for the effects of the infection bottleneck. These analyses confirmed that the EHEC LEE-encoded type III secretion apparatus is required for growth in vivo and revealed that only a few effectors are critical for in vivo fitness. Over 200 mutants not previously associated with EHEC survival/growth in vivo also appeared attenuated in vivo, and a subset of these putative in vivo fitness factors were validated. Some were found to contribute to efficient type-three secretion while others, including tatABC, oxyR, envC, acrAB, and cvpA, promote EHEC resistance to host-derived stresses. cvpA is also required for intestinal growth of several other enteric pathogens, and proved to be required for EHEC, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance to the bile salt deoxycholate, highlighting the important role of this previously uncharacterized protein in pathogen survival. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive framework for understanding EHEC growth in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson R. Warr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Troy P. Hubbard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diana Munera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carlos J. Blondel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pia Abel zur Wiesch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sören Abel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brigid M. Davis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- HHMI, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Silva-Valenzuela CA, Lazinski DW, Kahne SC, Nguyen Y, Molina-Quiroz RC, Camilli A. Growth arrest and a persister state enable resistance to osmotic shock and facilitate dissemination of Vibrio cholerae. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:2718-2728. [PMID: 28742070 PMCID: PMC5702728 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a water-borne bacterial pathogen and causative agent of cholera. Although V. cholerae is a halophile, it can survive in fresh water, and this has a major role in cholera epidemics through consumption of contaminated water and subsequent fecal-oral spread. After dissemination from humans back into fresh water, V. cholerae encounters limited nutrient availability and an abrupt drop in conductivity but little is known about how V. cholerae adapts to, and survives in this environment. In this work, by abolishing or altering the expression of V. cholerae genes in a high-throughput manner, we observed that many osmotic shock tolerant mutants exhibited slowed or arrested growth, and/or generated a higher proportion of persister cells. In addition, we show that growth-arrested V. cholerae, including a persister subpopulation, are generated during infection of the intestinal tract and together allow for the successful dissemination to fresh water. Our results suggest that growth-arrested and persister subpopulations enable survival of V. cholerae upon shedding to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Silva-Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W Lazinski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shoshanna C Kahne
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto C Molina-Quiroz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Camilli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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A cocktail of three virulent bacteriophages prevents Vibrio cholerae infection in animal models. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14187. [PMID: 28146150 PMCID: PMC5296635 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective prevention strategies will be essential in reducing disease burden due to bacterial infections. Here we harness the specificity and rapid-acting properties of bacteriophages as a potential prophylaxis therapy for cholera, a severely dehydrating disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. To this end, we test a cocktail of three virulent phages in two animal models of cholera pathogenesis (infant mouse and rabbit models). Oral administration of the phages up to 24 h before V. cholerae challenge reduces colonization of the intestinal tract and prevents cholera-like diarrhea. None of the surviving V. cholerae colonies are resistant to all three phages. Genome sequencing and variant analysis of the surviving colonies indicate that resistance to the phages is largely conferred by mutations in genes required for the production of the phage receptors. For acute infections, such as cholera, phage prophylaxis could provide a strategy to limit the impact of bacterial disease on human health.
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10
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Hatzios SK, Abel S, Martell J, Hubbard T, Sasabe J, Munera D, Clark L, Bachovchin DA, Qadri F, Ryan ET, Davis BM, Weerapana E, Waldor MK. Chemoproteomic profiling of host and pathogen enzymes active in cholera. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:268-274. [PMID: 26900865 PMCID: PMC4765928 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemoproteomic tool for detecting active enzymes in complex biological systems. We used ABPP to identify secreted bacterial and host serine hydrolases that are active in animals infected with the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Four V. cholerae proteases were consistently active in infected rabbits, and one, VC0157 (renamed IvaP), was also active in human choleric stool. Inactivation of IvaP influenced the activity of other secreted V. cholerae and rabbit enzymes in vivo, and genetic disruption of all four proteases increased the abundance of intelectin, an intestinal lectin, and its binding to V. cholerae in infected rabbits. Intelectin also bound to other enteric bacterial pathogens, suggesting that it may constitute a previously unrecognized mechanism of bacterial surveillance in the intestine that is inhibited by pathogen-secreted proteases. Our work demonstrates the power of activity-based proteomics to reveal host-pathogen enzymatic dialog in an animal model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula K. Hatzios
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sören Abel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø (UiT), The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Troy Hubbard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jumpei Sasabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana Munera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigid M. Davis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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