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Murray-Close D, Lent MC, Sadri A, Buck C, Yates TM. Autonomic nervous system reactivity to emotion and childhood trajectories of relational and physical aggression. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:691-708. [PMID: 36734227 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942200150x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of autonomic nervous system (ANS) coordination in response to emotion in girls' and boys' development of relational (e.g., ignoring, excluding) and physical (e.g., hitting, kicking) aggression. Caregivers reported on children's relational and physical aggression at ages 6, 7, 8, and 10 years (N = 232, 50.4% girls, 46.6% Latinx). Sympathetic nervous system (assessed via pre-ejection period) and parasympathetic nervous system (assessed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia) reactivity were measured in response to video clips depicting fear, happiness, and sadness at age 7. Growth curve models indicated that ANS reactivity to sadness, but not to fear or happiness, was related to trajectories of relational aggression. In contrast, ANS reactivity to all three emotions was associated with trajectories of physical aggression. Effects differed across genders, indicating that distinct patterns of ANS reactivity to emotion may be involved in girls' and boys' development of aggression. Overall, these findings contribute to a growing literature documenting the role of ANS reactivity to emotion in aggressive behavior. Moreover, this study considers ANS reactivity to specific emotions, as related to both relational and physical aggression, and as differentially expressed among girls versus boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna Murray-Close
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maria C Lent
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Amanda Sadri
- Department of Psychology, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Casey Buck
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tuppett M Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Giovazolias T. The Relationship of Rejection Sensitivity to Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: The Indirect Effect of Perceived Social Acceptance by Peers. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 38247662 PMCID: PMC10812680 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rejection sensitivity (RS), the tendency to expect, perceive and overreact to rejection from others, has been linked to children's and adolescents' increased vulnerability to depressive symptoms, negatively affecting their perceptions of the quality of their relationship with their peers. The aim of this study is to examine (a) the indirect effect of perceived peer social acceptance in the relationship between RS and depressive symptoms in a sample of Greek adolescents, (b) the differential effect of the different components of rejection sensitivity (angry and anxious RS) on the model, and (c) possible gender differences. The sample of the study consists of 295 adolescents (139 boys, 156 girls, Mage = 14.20, SD = 1.60) residing in the greater Heraklion Prefecture area. Data collection was carried out using self-report questionnaires that measured demographic characteristics, self-perceptions about their peer relationships (self-perception profile for adolescents/SPPA), susceptibility to rejection (children's rejection sensitivity questionnaire/CRSQ), and depressive symptoms (children's depression inventory/CDI). Results showed that (a) RS was positively related to depressive symptoms and negatively related to adolescents' perceptions of their relationships, (b) relationship perceptions were negatively related to depressive symptoms, and gender differences were also found, (c) perceived social acceptance by peers was found to have an indirect effect in the relationship between RS and depressive symptoms, with girls showing a greater effect, and (d) differences were observed in the mediating model between the components of RS, with the mediating effect of perceptions being higher in the model with anxious RS, which appears to confirm previous theoretical postulations. The results of this study highlight the importance of adolescents' perceptions of their peer relationships in the occurrence of depressive symptoms during this developmental period, especially in youths with anxious rejection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Giovazolias
- Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymnon, Greece
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Monopoli WJ, Allan DM, Everly EL, Evans SW, Mikami AY, Owens JS. An Exploration of the Psychometric Properties of the Social Experiences Questionnaire: Replication and Extension. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Parker KEM, Farrell N, Walker BR. The Impact of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory on Aggressive Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP3084-NP3106. [PMID: 32762392 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520948144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Why some people, and not others, exhibit aggression remains unknown. Research points to certain personality traits being linked to either proactive or reactive aggression, or both. The current study attempts to address these gaps from the perspective of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST). Using 146 participants, results revealed Behavioral Approach System (BAS)-Impulsivity and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) predicted proactive and reactive aggression. Defensive Fight predicted reactive aggression. BAS-Impulsivity predicted proactive aggression partially mediated by Social Dominance Orientation. These findings suggest proactive and reactive aggression are motivated by a combination of anxiety and rapid, approach-motivational personality traits. This study provides further understanding of the specific relations between rRST and aggression, is integrated into the general aggression model, and has implications for treatment of aggressive individuals.
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McClain CM, Christian Elledge L, Manring S, Whitley ML, Vernberg EM. Functions of Aggression and Peer Likeability in Elementary School Children Across Time. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 38:95-122. [PMID: 35694439 PMCID: PMC9187259 DOI: 10.1080/15377903.2021.1911897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined associations between proactive and reactive aggression and peer likability across two academic years. Analyses were based on a sample of 442 elementary school children. Proactive and reactive aggression were assessed through self-report and peer likability was assessed via a peer nomination inventory. Data were collected in the fall and spring of two academic years. Findings from cross-lagged multiple group longitudinal panel models where pathways were freely estimated for boys and girls provided evidence that the relation between reactive aggression and reciprocated liking and received only liking nominations was negative and transactional for girls. Proactive aggression had mixed associations with likability between boys and girls. Our findings suggest that preventative interventions that focus on reducing reactive aggression or increasing peer likability have the potential to shift children away from trajectories of long-term maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara M. McClain
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 1404 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - L. Christian Elledge
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 1404 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sam Manring
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 1404 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Marisa L. Whitley
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, 1404 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Eric M. Vernberg
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Dole Human Development Building, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Room 2015, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Basile A, Toplak ME, Andrade BF. Using Metacognitive Methods to Examine Emotion Recognition in Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:245-257. [PMID: 30442038 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718808602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated confidence accuracy associations for emotion recognition (ER) in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TD). Method: Thirty-nine children with ADHD and 42 TD (M = 9 years, 11 months, SD = 14.92 months, 26 females) completed an ER task. Intelligence and executive function task performance were also measured. Results: The ADHD group was more confident on ER compared with TD, but no group differences were found on their overall accuracy. Specifically, the ADHD group was more confident in its recognition of sad and angry faces compared with the TD group. On a metacognitive index, the ADHD group displayed lower resolution, suggesting that the TD group was better at discriminating correct from incorrect responses. Higher resolution was associated with lower ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Confidence ratings with reference to performance on a specific task can provide an index of social-cognition in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brendan F Andrade
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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McQuade JD, Murray-Close D, Breslend NL, Balda KE, Kim MM, Marsh NP. Emotional Underarousal and Overarousal and Engagement in Relational Aggression: Interactions between Relational Victimization, Physiological Reactivity, and Emotional Sensitivity. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1663-1676. [PMID: 31025234 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined if overarousal (i.e., dysregulation and high emotional sensitivity) and underarousal (i.e., fearlessness and emotional insensitivity) to peer stress, reflected in physiological reactivity and subjective emotional sensitivity, exacerbated risk for relational aggression in relationally victimized children. Participants were a community sample of 125 children (10-12 years, M = 11.34 years, SD = 0.89; 45% female). Teachers provided ratings of children's relational victimization and relational aggression. Children's physiological reactivity was assessed based on skin conductance level (SCL) reactivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity to a standardized peer rejection task. Children's subjective emotional sensitivity was assessed using self-reported ratings of distress to hypothetical relational provocation vignettes. Results indicated that relational victimization was significantly associated with relational aggression only for children with high SCL reactivity and high emotional sensitivity (i.e., physiological and subjective overarousal) and for children with low SCL reactivity and low emotional sensitivity (i.e., physiological and subjective underarousal); relational victimization did not predict relational aggression among children with high SCL reactivity but low emotional sensitivity or among children with low SCL reactivity but high emotional sensitivity. Relational victimization was also marginally more strongly associated with relational aggression for children displaying RSA augmentation. Results suggest emotional overarousal and underarousal may both serve as vulnerabilities for relational aggression among relationally victimized youth, and underscore the importance of including physiological and subjective indices of emotional reactivity in studies of aggression. Implications for theory and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D McQuade
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Campus Box 2236, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
| | - Dianna Murray-Close
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Nicole L Breslend
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kayla E Balda
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Campus Box 2236, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Mindy M Kim
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Campus Box 2236, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Nicholas P Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Campus Box 2236, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
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