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Mok Y, Lu Y, Ballew SH, Sang Y, Kucharska-Newton A, Mediano MF, Koton S, Schrack JA, Palta P, Coresh J, Rosamond W, Matsushita K. Premorbid physical activity and prognosis after incident myocardial infarction: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am Heart J 2024; 274:75-83. [PMID: 38723879 PMCID: PMC11168863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High to moderate levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with low risk of incident cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of PA in midlife extend to cardiovascular health following myocardial infarction (MI) in later life. METHODS Among 1,111 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants with incident MI during Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities follow-up (mean age 73 [SD 9] years at MI, 54% men, 21% Black), PA on average 11.9 (SD 6.9) years prior to incident MI (premorbid PA) was evaluated as the average score of PA between visit 1 (1987-1989) and visit 3 (1993-1995) using a modified Baecke questionnaire. Total and domain-specific PA (sport, nonsport leisure, and work PA) was analyzed for associations with composite and individual outcomes of mortality, recurrent MI, and stroke after index MI using multivariable Cox models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.6 (IQI 1.0-10.5) years after incident MI, 823 participants (74%) developed a composite outcome. The 10-year cumulative incidence of the composite outcome was lower in the highest, as compared to the lowest tertile of premorbid total PA (56% vs. 70%, respectively). This association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.80 [0.67-0.96] for the highest vs. lowest tertile). For individual outcomes, high premorbid total PA was associated with a low risk of recurrent MI (corresponding aHR 0.64 [0.44, 0.93]). When domain-specific PA was analyzed, similar results were seen for sport and work PA. The association was strongest in the first year following MI (e.g., aHR of composite outcome 0.66 [95% CI 0.47, 0.91] for the highest vs. lowest tertile of total PA). CONCLUSIONS Premorbid PA was associated positively with post-MI cardiovascular health. Our results demonstrate the additional prognostic advantages of PA beyond reducing the risk of incident MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Mok
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yifei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shoshana H Ballew
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Optimal Aging Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yingying Sang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Optimal Aging Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Anna Kucharska-Newton
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mauro F Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Research and Education, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Koton
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Priya Palta
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Optimal Aging Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Wayne Rosamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
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Colangelo G, Ribo M, Montiel E, Dominguez D, Olivé-Gadea M, Muchada M, Garcia-Tornel Á, Requena M, Pagola J, Juega J, Rodriguez-Luna D, Rodriguez-Villatoro N, Rizzo F, Taborda B, Molina CA, Rubiera M. PRERISK: A Personalized, Artificial Intelligence-Based and Statistically-Based Stroke Recurrence Predictor for Recurrent Stroke. Stroke 2024; 55:1200-1209. [PMID: 38545798 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting stroke recurrence for individual patients is difficult, but individualized prediction may improve stroke survivors' engagement in self-care. We developed PRERISK: a statistical and machine learning classifier to predict individual risk of stroke recurrence. METHODS We analyzed clinical and socioeconomic data from a prospectively collected public health care-based data set of 41 975 patients admitted with stroke diagnosis in 88 public health centers over 6 years (2014-2020) in Catalonia-Spain. A new stroke diagnosis at least 24 hours after the index event was considered as a recurrent stroke, which was considered as our outcome of interest. We trained several supervised machine learning models to provide individualized risk over time and compared them with a Cox regression model. Models were trained to predict early, late, and long-term recurrence risk, within 90, 91 to 365, and >365 days, respectively. C statistics and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to assess the accuracy of the models. RESULTS Overall, 16.21% (5932 of 36 114) of patients had stroke recurrence during a median follow-up of 2.69 years. The most powerful predictors of stroke recurrence were time from previous stroke, Barthel Index, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, age, diabetes, and sex, which were used to create a simplified model with similar performance, together with modifiable vascular risk factors (glycemia, body mass index, high blood pressure, cholesterol, tobacco dependence, and alcohol abuse). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.74-0.77), 0.60 (95% CI, 0.58-0.61), and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.69-0.72) for early, late, and long-term recurrence risk, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the Cox risk class probability were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.72-0.75), 0.59 (95% CI, 0.57-0.61), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.66-0.70); machine learning approaches (random forest and AdaBoost) showed statistically significant improvement (P<0.05) over the Cox model for the 3 recurrence time periods. Stroke recurrence curves can be simulated for each patient under different degrees of control of modifiable factors. CONCLUSIONS PRERISK is a novel approach that provides a personalized and fairly accurate risk prediction of stroke recurrence over time. The model has the potential to incorporate dynamic control of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Colangelo
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Nora Health, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., E.M.)
| | - Marc Ribo
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Estefanía Montiel
- Nora Health, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., E.M.)
| | - Didier Dominguez
- Programa d'Analítica de Dades per a la Recerca i la Innovació en Salut, Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Carrer de Roc Boronat, Barcelona, Spain (D.D.)
| | - Marta Olivé-Gadea
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Marian Muchada
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Álvaro Garcia-Tornel
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Manuel Requena
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Jorge Pagola
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Jesús Juega
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - David Rodriguez-Luna
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Noelia Rodriguez-Villatoro
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Federica Rizzo
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Belén Taborda
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Carlos A Molina
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
| | - Marta Rubiera
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (G.C., M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (M. Ribo, M.O.-G., M.M., Á.G.-T., M. Requena, J.P., J.J., D.R.-L., N.R.-V., F.R., B.T., C.A.M., M. Rubiera)
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