1
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Almannai M, Marafi D, Zaki MS, Maroofian R, Efthymiou S, Saadi NW, Filimban B, Dafsari HS, Rahman F, Maqbool S, Faqeih E, Al Mutairi F, Alsharhan H, Abdelaty O, Bin-Hasan S, Duan R, Noureldeen MM, Alqattan A, Houlden H, Hunter JV, Posey JE, Lupski JR, El-Hattab AW. Expanding the phenotype of PPP1R21-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Clin Genet 2024; 105:620-629. [PMID: 38356149 PMCID: PMC11065596 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PPP1R21 encodes for a conserved protein that is involved in endosomal maturation. Biallelic pathogenic variants in PPP1R21 have been associated with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder from studying 13 affected individuals. In this report, we present 11 additional individuals from nine unrelated families and their clinical, radiological, and molecular findings. We identified eight different variants in PPP1R21, of which six were novel variants. Global developmental delay and hypotonia are neurological features that were observed in all individuals. There is also a similar pattern of dysmorphic features with coarse faces as a gestalt observed in several individuals. Common findings in 75% of individuals with available brain imaging include delays in myelination, wavy outline of the bodies of the lateral ventricles, and slight prominence of the bodies of the lateral ventricles. PPP1R21-related neurodevelopmental disorder is associated with a consistent phenotype and should be considered in highly consanguineous individuals presenting with developmental delay/intellectual disability along with coarse facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almannai
- Genetics and Precision Medicine department (GPM), King
Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical
City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah
International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs,
King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard
Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait
University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
| | - Maha S. Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome
Research Institute National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine
(AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular disorders, UCL Queen Square
Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular disorders, UCL Queen Square
Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Nebal Waill Saadi
- College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Pediatric
Neurology, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Bilal Filimban
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital,
King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hormos Salimi Dafsari
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Rare Diseases,
Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne,
Germany
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King’s College London, London,
United Kingdom
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne,
Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses
in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Department of Developmental - Behavioral Pediatrics,
University of Child Health Sciences & The Children’s Hospital, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Shazia Maqbool
- Department of Developmental - Behavioral Pediatrics,
University of Child Health Sciences & The Children’s Hospital, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital,
King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Al Mutairi
- Genetics and Precision Medicine department (GPM), King
Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical
City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah
International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs,
King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard
Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alsharhan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait
University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
- Department of Pediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry
of Health, Sabah Al-Nasser, 92426, Kuwait
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health,
Sulaibikhat, 80901, Kuwait
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Omar Abdelaty
- Department of Pediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry
of Health, Sabah Al-Nasser, 92426, Kuwait
| | - Saadoun Bin-Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry
of Health, Sabah Al-Nasser, 92426, Kuwait
| | - Ruizhi Duan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Mahmoud M. Noureldeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef
University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Alaa Alqattan
- Department of Pediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry
of Health, Sabah Al-Nasser, 92426, Kuwait
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular disorders, UCL Queen Square
Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jill V Hunter
- Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030,
USA
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030,
USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ayman W. El-Hattab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine,
University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Genetics Clinics, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah,
United Arab Emirates
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2
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De Pace R, Maroofian R, Paimboeuf A, Zamani M, Zaki MS, Sadeghian S, Azizimalamiri R, Galehdari H, Zeighami J, Williamson CD, Fleming E, Zhou D, Gannon JL, Thiffault I, Roze E, Suri M, Zifarelli G, Bauer P, Houlden H, Severino M, Patten SA, Farrow E, Bonifacino JS. Biallelic BORCS8 variants cause an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with altered lysosome dynamics. Brain 2024; 147:1751-1767. [PMID: 38128568 PMCID: PMC11068110 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BLOC-one-related complex (BORC) is a multiprotein complex composed of eight subunits named BORCS1-8. BORC associates with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, where it sequentially recruits the small GTPase ARL8 and kinesin-1 and -3 microtubule motors to promote anterograde transport of lysosomes toward the peripheral cytoplasm in non-neuronal cells and the distal axon in neurons. The physiological and pathological importance of BORC in humans, however, remains to be determined. Here, we report the identification of compound heterozygous variants [missense c.85T>C (p.Ser29Pro) and frameshift c.71-75dupTGGCC (p.Asn26Trpfs*51)] and homozygous variants [missense c.196A>C (p.Thr66Pro) and c.124T>C (p.Ser42Pro)] in BORCS8 in five children with a severe early-infantile neurodegenerative disorder from three unrelated families. The children exhibit global developmental delay, severe-to-profound intellectual disability, hypotonia, limb spasticity, muscle wasting, dysmorphic facies, optic atrophy, leuko-axonopathy with hypomyelination, and neurodegenerative features with prevalent supratentorial involvement. Cellular studies using a heterologous transfection system show that the BORCS8 missense variants p.Ser29Pro, p.Ser42Pro and p.Thr66Pro are expressed at normal levels but exhibit reduced assembly with other BORC subunits and reduced ability to drive lysosome distribution toward the cell periphery. The BORCS8 frameshift variant p.Asn26Trpfs*51, on the other hand, is expressed at lower levels and is completely incapable of assembling with other BORC subunits and promoting lysosome distribution toward the cell periphery. Therefore, all the BORCS8 variants are partial or total loss-of-function alleles and are thus likely pathogenic. Knockout of the orthologous borcs8 in zebrafish causes decreased brain and eye size, neuromuscular anomalies and impaired locomotion, recapitulating some of the key traits of the human disease. These findings thus identify BORCS8 as a novel genetic locus for an early-infantile neurodegenerative disorder and highlight the critical importance of BORC and lysosome dynamics for the development and function of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Adeline Paimboeuf
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 83151-61355, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz 61556-89467, Iran
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Saeid Sadeghian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-33184, Iran
| | - Reza Azizimalamiri
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-33184, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 83151-61355, Iran
| | - Jawaher Zeighami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz 61556-89467, Iran
| | - Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Fleming
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | | | | | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Départementde Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Emily Farrow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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Lolicato F, Nickel W, Haucke V, Ebner M. Phosphoinositide switches in cell physiology - From molecular mechanisms to disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105757. [PMID: 38364889 PMCID: PMC10944118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are amphipathic lipid molecules derived from phosphatidylinositol that represent low abundance components of biological membranes. Rather than serving as mere structural elements of lipid bilayers, they represent molecular switches for a broad range of biological processes, including cell signaling, membrane dynamics and remodeling, and many other functions. Here, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that turn phosphoinositides into molecular switches and how the dysregulation of these processes can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lolicato
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ebner
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Ebner M, Puchkov D, López-Ortega O, Muthukottiappan P, Su Y, Schmied C, Zillmann S, Nikonenko I, Koddebusch J, Dornan GL, Lucht MT, Koka V, Jang W, Koch PA, Wallroth A, Lehmann M, Brügger B, Pende M, Winter D, Haucke V. Nutrient-regulated control of lysosome function by signaling lipid conversion. Cell 2023; 186:5328-5346.e26. [PMID: 37883971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes serve dual antagonistic functions in cells by mediating anabolic growth signaling and the catabolic turnover of macromolecules. How these janus-faced activities are regulated in response to cellular nutrient status is poorly understood. We show here that lysosome morphology and function are reversibly controlled by a nutrient-regulated signaling lipid switch that triggers the conversion between peripheral motile mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling-active and static mTORC1-inactive degradative lysosomes clustered at the cell center. Starvation-triggered relocalization of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P)-metabolizing enzymes reshapes the lysosomal surface proteome to facilitate lysosomal proteolysis and to repress mTORC1 signaling. Concomitantly, lysosomal phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), which marks motile signaling-active lysosomes in the cell periphery, is erased. Interference with this PI(3)P/PI(4)P lipid switch module impairs the adaptive response of cells to altering nutrient supply. Our data unravel a key function for lysosomal phosphoinositide metabolism in rewiring organellar membrane dynamics in response to cellular nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ebner
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Pathma Muthukottiappan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yanwei Su
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Schmied
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Zillmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iryna Nikonenko
- Department of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Koddebusch
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gillian L Dornan
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max T Lucht
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vonda Koka
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Wonyul Jang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Wallroth
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Pende
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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6
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Hentrich L, Parnes M, Lotze TE, Coorg R, de Koning TJ, Nguyen KM, Yip CK, Jungbluth H, Koy A, Dafsari HS. Novel Genetic and Phenotypic Expansion in GOSR2-Related Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1860. [PMID: 37895210 PMCID: PMC10606070 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic variants in the Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2 gene (GOSR2) have been reported in progressive myoclonus epilepsy with neurodegeneration. Typical clinical features include ataxia and areflexia during early childhood, followed by seizures, scoliosis, dysarthria, and myoclonus. Here, we report two novel patients from unrelated families with a GOSR2-related disorder and novel genetic and clinical findings. The first patient, a male compound heterozygous for the GOSR2 splice site variant c.336+1G>A and the novel c.364G>A,p.Glu122Lys missense variant showed global developmental delay and seizures at the age of 2 years, followed by myoclonus at the age of 8 years with partial response to clonazepam. The second patient, a female homozygous for the GOSR2 founder variant p.Gly144Trp, showed only mild fine motor developmental delay and generalized tonic-clonic seizures triggered by infections during adolescence, with seizure remission on levetiracetam. The associated movement disorder progressed atypically slowly during adolescence compared to its usual speed, from initial intention tremor and myoclonus to ataxia, hyporeflexia, dysmetria, and dystonia. These findings expand the genotype-phenotype spectrum of GOSR2-related disorders and suggest that GOSR2 should be included in the consideration of monogenetic causes of dystonia, global developmental delay, and seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hentrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.H.)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mered Parnes
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.P.); (T.E.L.)
| | - Timothy Edward Lotze
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.P.); (T.E.L.)
| | - Rohini Coorg
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.P.); (T.E.L.)
| | - Tom J. de Koning
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kha M. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.M.N.); (C.K.Y.)
| | - Calvin K. Yip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.M.N.); (C.K.Y.)
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina’s Children Hospital, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signaling Section, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anne Koy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.H.)
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hormos Salimi Dafsari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.H.)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina’s Children Hospital, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signaling Section, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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7
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Körner RW, Bansemir OY, Franke R, Sturm J, Dafsari HS. Atopy and Elevation of IgE, IgG3, and IgG4 May Be Risk Factors for Post COVID-19 Condition in Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1598. [PMID: 37892261 PMCID: PMC10605545 DOI: 10.3390/children10101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes transient cardiorespiratory and neurological disorders, and severe acute illness is rare among children. Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) may cause profound, persistent phenotypes with increasing prevalence. Its manifestation and risk factors remain elusive. In this monocentric study, we hypothesized that atopy, the tendency to produce an exaggerated immunoglobulin E (IgE) immune response, is a risk factor for the manifestation of pediatric PCC. We present a patient cohort (n = 28) from an early pandemic period (2021-2022) with comprehensive evaluations of phenotypes, pulmonary function, and molecular investigations. PCC predominantly affected adolescents and presented with fatigue, dyspnea, and post-exertional malaise. Sensitizations to aeroallergens were found in 93% of cases. We observed elevated IgE levels (mean 174.2 kU/L, reference < 100 kU/L) regardless of disease severity. Concurrent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) was found in 29% of patients that also faced challenges in school attendance. ME/CFS manifestation was significantly associated with elevated immunoglobulin G subclasses IgG3 (p < 0.05) and IgG4 (p < 0.05). A total of 57% of patients showed self-limiting disease courses with mean recovery at 12.7 months (range 5-25 months), 29% at 19.2 months (range 12-30 months), and the rest demonstrated overall improvement. These findings offer additional insights into immune dysregulation as a risk factor for pediatric PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Walter Körner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ole Yannick Bansemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rosa Franke
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julius Sturm
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hormos Salimi Dafsari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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8
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Yang H, Tan JX. Lysosomal quality control: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:749-764. [PMID: 36717330 PMCID: PMC10374877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are essential catabolic organelles with an acidic lumen and dozens of hydrolytic enzymes. The detrimental consequences of lysosomal leakage have been well known since lysosomes were discovered during the 1950s. However, detailed knowledge of lysosomal quality control mechanisms has only emerged relatively recently. It is now clear that lysosomal leakage triggers multiple lysosomal quality control pathways that replace, remove, or directly repair damaged lysosomes. Here, we review how lysosomal damage is sensed and resolved in mammalian cells, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying different lysosomal quality control pathways. We also discuss the clinical implications and therapeutic potential of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Yang
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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9
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Bura A, Čabrijan S, Đurić I, Bruketa T, Jurak Begonja A. A Plethora of Functions Condensed into Tiny Phospholipids: The Story of PI4P and PI(4,5)P 2. Cells 2023; 12:1411. [PMID: 37408244 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are small, phosphorylated lipids that serve many functions in the cell. They regulate endo- and exocytosis, vesicular trafficking, actin reorganization, and cell mobility, and they act as signaling molecules. The most abundant PIs in the cell are phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate (PI4P) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. PI4P is mostly localized at the Golgi apparatus where it regulates the anterograde trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane (PM), but it also localizes at the PM. On the other hand, the main localization site of PI(4,5)P2 is the PM where it regulates the formation of endocytic vesicles. The levels of PIs are regulated by many kinases and phosphatases. Four main kinases phosphorylate the precursor molecule phosphatidylinositol into PI4P, divided into two classes (PI4KIIα, PI4KIIβ, PI4KIIIα, and PI4KIIIβ), and three main kinases phosphorylate PI4P to form PI(4,5)P2 (PI4P5KIα, PI4P5KIβ, and PI4P5KIγ). In this review, we discuss the localization and function of the kinases that produce PI4P and PI(4,5)P2, as well as the localization and function of their product molecules with an overview of tools for the detection of these PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bura
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sara Čabrijan
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Iris Đurić
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tea Bruketa
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Antonija Jurak Begonja
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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10
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Yang H, Tan JX. The PITT pathway: Keeping lysosomes young. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1097. [PMID: 36281712 PMCID: PMC9593249 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Yang
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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