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Dobson KG, Gignac MAM, Tucker L, Jetha A. Double Trouble! Do Workplace Supports Mitigate Lost Productivity for Young Workers with Both Severe Rheumatic Diseases and Depressive Symptoms? JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10217-8. [PMID: 38960928 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this longitudinal study were to understand how comorbid rheumatic disease and depression symptoms were associated with at-work productivity among young adults, and to examine whether workplace support modified this association. METHODS Seventy-six Canadian young adults who were employed and living with a rheumatic disease were surveyed three times over 27 months. Morbidity was defined by whether participants reported severe rheumatic disease symptoms and/or depressive symptoms. Participants were asked about presenteeism, absenteeism, and whether the workplace support needs (accommodation and benefit availability and use) were met. Generalized estimating equations were used to address study objectives. RESULTS Seventeen participants experienced neither severe rheumatic disease nor depressive symptoms (no morbidity), 42 participants experienced either severe rheumatic disease or depressive symptoms (single morbidity), and 17 participants reported comorbidity at baseline. Participants with comorbidity reported greater presenteeism scores and were most likely to report absenteeism, compared to the other two morbidity levels. Having workplace support needs met was associated with decreased presenteeism over the 27-month period among participants with no and a single morbidity. Conversely, unmet support need was associated with greater presenteeism for participants with comorbidity. Having workplace support needs met did not modify the association between morbidity and absenteeism. CONCLUSION Comorbid rheumatic disease and depression burden reduce productivity among young adults. A supportive work environment has the potential to address at-work productivity challenges. Additional research is needed to understand how workplace supports coupled with clinical interventions may tackle challenges at work for young adults living with rheumatic disease and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Dobson
- Institute for Work and Health, Suite 1800 400 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, Suite 1800 400 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lori Tucker
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work and Health, Suite 1800 400 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1S5, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Hyseni F, Goodman N, Blanck P. Who Requests and Receives Workplace Accommodations? An Intersectional Analysis. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024; 34:283-298. [PMID: 38453785 PMCID: PMC11181157 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates who requests workplace accommodations and who is more likely to have requests granted. We investigate the role of demographic characteristics and their intersection, including disability, gender, race/ethnicity, and age. We also consider the role of other personal and job-related factors. METHODS We use the data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) 2021 Disability Supplement to estimate the odds ratio of having requested workplace accommodations and having such request granted during the COVID-19 pandemic when the survey was conducted. In supplementary analyses, we explore the relationship between remote work and flexible scheduling and workplace accommodations, as well as possible trends using CPS 2019 Disability Supplement. RESULTS Our results indicate that Hispanics with disabilities are more likely than others to request workplace accommodations, but they are substantially less likely to be granted accommodations. Consistent with other studies, our paper also finds that people with disabilities, women, and older people are more likely to request accommodations than their respective counterparts. Other personal and job-related factors such as higher education, parenthood, being single, being a citizen, and working in management-related occupations are associated with higher likelihood of requesting workplace accommodations compared to their counterparts, while receiving accommodations is largely explained by occupational differences. CONCLUSION Our findings show that there are still disparities in the rates of workplace accommodation requests and provision for multiply marginalized groups, and as such, taking into account intersectional differences in addition and in relation to disability is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitore Hyseni
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA.
| | | | - Peter Blanck
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
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3
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Jessiman-Perreault G, Gignac MAM, Thompson A, Smith PM. Understanding the Unmet Accommodation Needs of People Working with Mental or Cognitive Conditions: The Importance of Gender, Gendered Work, and Employment Factors. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024; 34:251-264. [PMID: 37878157 PMCID: PMC10899322 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Workplace support needs for women and men living with mental health conditions are not well understood. This study examined workplace accommodation and support needs among women and men with and without mental health or cognitive conditions and individual and workplace factors associated with having unmet needs. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 3068 Canadian workers collected information on disability, gender, gendered occupations, job conditions, work contexts, and workplace accommodations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined gender- and disability-based differences in unmet needs for workplace flexibility, work modifications, and health benefits, and the association of work context (i.e., work schedule, job sector) and job conditions (i.e., precarious work) on the likelihood of unmet accommodation needs. The additive (i.e., super- or sub-additive) and multiplicative effects of disability, gender, and occupational gender distribution on the probability of unmet accommodation needs were also assessed. RESULTS The most common unmet workplace accommodation was work modifications reported by 35.9% of respondents with mental/cognitive disability and workplace flexibility reported by 19.6% of individuals without a mental/cognitive disability. Women, employees in female dominant occupations, and participants with mental/cognitive disabilities were more likely to report unmet needs compared with men, employees in non-female dominant occupations, and participants without disabilities but these findings were largely explained by differences in job conditions and work contexts. No interacting effects on the likelihood of reporting unmet needs for workplace accommodations were observed. CONCLUSIONS To support employee mental health, attention is needed to address work contexts and job conditions, especially for people working with mental/cognitive disabilities, women, and workers in female-dominated occupations where unmet accommodation needs are greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jessiman-Perreault
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Ave Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Ave Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- Workplace Safety and Insurance Board, 200 Front Street West, Toronto, ON, M5V 3J1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Ave Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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4
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Hammond A, Tennant A, Ching A, Parker J, Prior Y, Gignac MAM, Verstappen SMM, O'Brien R. Psychometric testing of the British-English Perceived Workplace Support Scale, Work Accommodations, Benefits, Policies and Practices Scale, and Work Transitions Index in four rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions. Musculoskeletal Care 2023; 21:1261-1278. [PMID: 37596859 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims were to validate linguistically British-English versions of the Perceived Workplace Support Scale (PWSS), Work Accommodations, Benefits, Policies and Practices Scale (WABPPS), and Work Transitions Index (WTI) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), osteoarthritis (OA) and fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS The three scales were adapted into British-English and reviewed by an expert panel prior to cognitive debriefing interviews. Participants completed postal questionnaires. Construct validity for the PWSS was assessed using Rasch analysis. Concurrent validity included testing between the three scales and work, job strain and work-life balance scales. Two weeks later, participants were mailed a second questionnaire to measure test-retest reliability. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 831 employed participants: 68% women, 53.50 (SD 8.9) years of age, with condition duration 7.70 (SD 8.00) years. The PWSS satisfied Rasch model requirements. Concurrent validity was mostly as hypothesised, that is, weak to moderate negative correlations for the PWSS (rs = 0.07 to -0.61), and weak to moderate positive correlations for the WABPPS and WTI (rs = 0.20-0.52). Some correlations were stronger, mostly in axSpA. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for all three scales was consistent with group use in all conditions. Test-retest reliability was generally excellent, with intraclass coefficients (2,1) of 0.80-0.93 for the three scales in the four conditions. DISCUSSION Reliable, valid versions of the British-English PWSS, WABPPS, and WTI are now available for use in research, organisational level studies and vocational rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hammond
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Alan Tennant
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Angela Ching
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
- King's Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Parker
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Yeliz Prior
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute of Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel O'Brien
- College of Health, Well Being and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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5
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Ching A, Prior Y, Parker J, Hammond A. Biopsychosocial, work-related, and environmental factors affecting work participation in people with Osteoarthritis: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:485. [PMID: 37312111 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) causes pain and disability, with onset often during working age. Joint pain is associated with functional difficulties and may lead to work instability. The aims of this systematic review are to identify: the impact of OA on work participation; and biopsychosocial and work-related factors associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, work transitions, work impairment, work accommodations, and premature work loss. METHODS Four databases were searched, including Medline. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used for quality assessment, with narrative synthesis to pool findings due to heterogeneity of study designs and work outcomes. RESULTS Nineteen studies met quality criteria (eight cohort; 11 cross-sectional): nine included OA of any joint(s), five knee-only, four knee and/or hip, and one knee, hip, and hand OA. All were conducted in high income countries. Absenteeism due to OA was low. Presenteeism rates were four times greater than absenteeism. Performing physically intensive work was associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, and premature work loss due to OA. Moderate-to-severe joint pain and pain interference were associated with presenteeism, work transition, and premature work loss. A smaller number of studies found that comorbidities were associated with absenteeism and work transitions. Two studies reported low co-worker support was associated with work transitions and premature work loss. CONCLUSIONS Physically intensive work, moderate-to-severe joint pain, co-morbidities, and low co-worker support potentially affects work participation in OA. Further research, using longitudinal study designs and examining the links between OA and biopsychosocial factors e.g., workplace accommodations, is needed to identify targets for interventions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019133343 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ching
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Yeliz Prior
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
| | - Jennifer Parker
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Alison Hammond
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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6
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Gignac MAM, Bowring J, Tonima S, Franche RL, Thompson A, Jetha A, Smith PM, Macdermid JC, Shaw WS, Van Eerd D, Beaton DE, Irvin E, Tompa E, Saunders R. A Sensibility Assessment of the Job Demands and Accommodation Planning Tool (JDAPT): A Tool to Help Workers with an Episodic Disability Plan Workplace Support. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:145-159. [PMID: 35835885 PMCID: PMC9282615 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Sensibility refers to a tool's comprehensiveness, understandability, relevance, feasibility, and length. It is used in the early development phase to begin assessing a new tool or intervention. This study examined the sensibility of the job demands and accommodation planning tool (JDAPT). The JDAPT identifies job demands related to physical, cognitive, interpersonal, and working conditions to better target strategies for workplace supports and accommodations aimed at assisting individuals with chronic health conditions. Methods Workers with a chronic health condition and workplace representatives were recruited from health charities, workplaces, and newsletters using convenience sampling. Cognitive interviews assessed the JDAPT's sensibility. A 70% endorsement rate was the minimum level of acceptability for sensibility concepts. A short screening tool also was administered, and answers compared to the complete JDAPT. Results Participants were 46 workers and 23 organizational representatives (n = 69). Endorsements highly exceeded the 70% cut-off for understandability, relevance, and length. Congruence between screening questions and the complete JDAPT suggested both workers and organizational representatives overlooked job demands when completing the screener. Participants provided additional examples and three new items to improve comprehensiveness. The JDAPT was rated highly relevant and useful, although not always easy to complete for someone with an episodic condition. Conclusions This study highlights the need for tools that facilitate accommodations for workers with episodic disabilities and provides early evidence for the sensibility of the JDAPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Julie Bowring
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Sabrina Tonima
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | | | - Aaron Thompson
- Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joy C Macdermid
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - William S Shaw
- Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Dwayne Van Eerd
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Dorcas E Beaton
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Emma Irvin
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Emile Tompa
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ron Saunders
- Institute for Work and Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
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7
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Examining the impact of reasonable accommodation appraisals on New Zealand managers' attitudes toward hiring people with disability. EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/edi-08-2021-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PurposeManagers are responsible for implementing reasonable accommodation (RA) for people with disabilities (PwD). Yet, little is known about the extent to which managerial views of RA shape attitudes toward PwD. The study draws on conservation of resources (COR) and job demands and resources (JD-R) theories to examine the relationship between managerial views of RA availability and implementation ease on attitudes towards hiring PwD.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 162 full-time managers at a large New Zealand (NZ) healthcare organisation completed an online survey. Moderated multiple regressions were conducted to test the main effects and interactions between perceptions of RA process and attitudes towards hiring PwD.FindingsThe study results indicate that line managers held positive attitudes towards hiring PwD when they viewed RA implementation as easy, particularity around the provision of flexible work arrangements.Research limitations/implicationsThis study shows the importance of gaging managers' views of RA processes to understand their attitudes toward PwD and highlights potential linkages between managerial perspectives on RA, PwD experiences in the organisation and the effectiveness of disability support and inclusion initiatives.Practical implicationsRA availability from the organisation is insufficient to elicit positive managerial attitudes toward hiring PwD. Policies and procedures that reduce RA implementation complexity are expected to foster positive managerial attitudes toward PwD and improve employment outcomes for this employee group.Originality/valueThis study is the first to test how managerial attitudes towards hiring PwD are influenced by views of RA availability from the organisation and of RA implementation ease. It also provides a multidimensional measure that captures managerial views of RA availability from the organisation and RA implementation ease.
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8
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Boonen A, Webers C, Butink M, Barten B, Betteridge N, Black DC, Bremander A, Boteva B, Brzezińska O, Chauhan L, Copsey S, Guimarães V, Gignac M, Glaysher J, Green F, Hoving JL, Marques ML, Smucrova H, Stamm TA, Wiek D, Wilkie R, Woolf AD, Burmester GR, Bijlsma JW, Verstappen SMM. 2021 EULAR points to consider to support people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases to participate in healthy and sustainable paid work. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:57-64. [PMID: 36109139 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM As part of its strategic objectives for 2023, EULAR aims to improve the work participation of people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). One strategic initiative focused on the development of overarching points to consider (PtC) to support people with RMDs in healthy and sustainable paid work participation. METHODS EULAR's standardised operating procedures were followed. A steering group identified six research areas on paid work participation. Three systematic literature reviews, several non-systematic reviews and two surveys were conducted. A multidisciplinary taskforce of 25 experts from 10 European countries and Canada formulated overarching principles and PtC after discussion of the results of literature reviews and surveys. Consensus was obtained through voting, with levels of agreement obtained anonymously. RESULTS Three overarching principles and 11 PtC were formulated. The PtC recognise various stakeholders are important to improving work participation. Five PtC emphasise shared responsibilities (eg, obligation to provide active support) (PtC 1, 2, 3, 5, 6). One encourages people with RMDs to discuss work limitations when necessary at each phase of their working life (PtC 4) and two focus on the role of interventions by healthcare providers or employers (PtC 7, 8). Employers are encouraged to create inclusive and flexible workplaces (PtC 10) and policymakers to make necessary changes in social and labour policies (PtC 9, 11). A research agenda highlights the necessity for stronger evidence aimed at personalising work-related support to the diverse needs of people with RMDs. CONCLUSION Implementation of these EULAR PtC will improve healthy and sustainable work participation of people with RMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Boonen
- Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands .,Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Webers
- Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Butink
- Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Barten
- EULAR Research Partner, EULAR PARE, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dame Carol Black
- Centre for Ageing Better, London, UK.,Independent Adviser to the UK Government on Combatting Drugs Misuse, London, UK
| | - Ann Bremander
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Boryana Boteva
- EULAR Research Partner, EULAR PARE, Zurich, Switzerland.,Bulgarian Organisation for People with Rheumatic Diseases (BOPRD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Brzezińska
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Sarah Copsey
- European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Vera Guimarães
- Liga Portuguesa Contra as Doenças Reumáticas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Monique Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School for Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jan L Hoving
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Lucy Marques
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Tanja A Stamm
- Section for Outcomes Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Wiek
- EULAR Research Partner, EULAR PARE, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ross Wilkie
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine - Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Anthony D Woolf
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes W Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research - Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre - Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Center, Manchester, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southhampton, UK
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9
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Fuentes K, Lindsay S. Workplace accommodations during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review of the impacts and implications for people with disabilities. Work 2022; 74:381-406. [PMID: 36314186 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread changes in the way people work. Some of these changes represent the same kinds of work modifications or adjustments that have often been requested as workplace accommodations, and which may improve labour market and employment outcomes for people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to examine the literature on workplace accommodations in the pandemic and their impacts and implications for people with disabilities. METHODS Following a search of six international databases, articles were selected by two reviewers, and data were abstracted in accordance with scoping review methodology. A thematic analysis was used to report the relevant findings. RESULTS Thirty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria, and three main themes were identified: positive impacts of pandemic-related workplace accommodations on people with disabilities (e.g., improved accessibility, reduced stigma around workplace accommodations, rapid implementation of workplace accommodations, opportunities for advocacy); negative impacts (e.g., worsened physical and mental health, new accommodation needs); and action needed and recommendations (e.g., revisit legislation and policy on accommodations, ensure representation of people with disabilities). Overall, our review identified a mixed assessment of the impacts of pandemic-related accommodations on people with disabilities. However, there was a broader consensus regarding the importance of learning from the experiences of the pandemic to improve workplace accommodation policies in the future. CONCLUSIONS The pandemic may present opportunities for improving workplace accommodation policies, but our review also highlights the need for more research examining how workplace changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fuentes
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sally Lindsay
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Jetha A, Tucker L, Backman C, Kristman VL, Bowring J, Hazel EM, Perlin L, Proulx L, Chen C, Gignac MAM. Rheumatic Disease Disclosure at the Early Career Phase and Its Impact on the Relationship Between Workplace Supports and Presenteeism. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022; 74:1751-1760. [PMID: 33973368 PMCID: PMC9796415 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Young adults with rheumatic disease face challenges communicating health needs, accessing workplace support, and sustaining productivity. Our objective was to examine whether disclosure modifies the relationship between workplace support and presenteeism. METHODS An online survey was administered to Canadian young adults with rheumatic disease and asked about presenteeism (0 = health had no effect on work; 10 = health completely prevented working), workplace support need, availability, and use and whether health details were disclosed to an immediate supervisor. A multivariable robust linear regression model was conducted and stratified by those who did and did not disclose the details of their health to their supervisor. RESULTS A total of 306 participants completed the survey with a mean ± SD presenteeism score of 4.89 ± 2.65. More than 70% disclosed health details to their supervisor; those who disclosed reported greater presenteeism (mean ± SD 5.2 ± 2.5) when compared to those who did not disclose (mean ± SD 4.2 ± 2.61). Greater disease severity was associated with disclosure. Half of the participants reported unmet workplace support needs (53%), 32% reported that their workplace support needs were met, and 15% reported exceeded workplace support needs. The relationship between presenteeism and workplace support needs was modified by disclosure. For participants who disclosed, workplace support needs that were unmet (β = 1.59 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.75, 2.43]) and that were met (β = 1.25 [95% CI 0.39, 2.11]) were associated with greater presenteeism when compared to those with exceeded workplace support needs. CONCLUSION To address presenteeism, strategies should be developed for young adults with rheumatic disease to foster access to available workplace supports and to navigate disclosure decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work and Health and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lori Tucker
- University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Catherine Backman
- University of British Columbia and Arthritis Research CanadaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Vicki L. Kristman
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, and Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Louise Perlin
- University of Toronto and St. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Laurie Proulx
- Canadian Arthritis Patient AllianceOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Cynthia Chen
- Institute for Work and HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Monique A. M. Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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11
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Hyseni F, Myderrizi A, Blanck P. Diversity and inclusion in the legal profession: disclosure of cancer and other health conditions by lawyers with disabilities and lawyers who identify as LGBTQ + . J Cancer Surviv 2022; 16:165-182. [PMID: 35107800 PMCID: PMC8809243 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-01143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the training and experience of lawyers, we assumed that a study of lawyers' willingness to disclose disability in the workplace would provide an example of the actions of a group knowledgeable about disability law. The current study accounts for the effect of visibility of disability, onset and type of disability, and whether the lawyer has made an accommodation request. We also investigate the role of other individual characteristics, such as sexual orientation, gender identity, race/ethnicity, age, and job-related characteristics, in willingness to disclose. METHODS We use data from the first phase of a longitudinal national survey of lawyers in the USA to estimate the odds of disclosing disability to co-workers, management, and clients using proportional odds models. RESULTS Lawyers with less visible disabilities, those with mental health disabilities, and those who work for smaller organizations have lower odds of disclosing to co-workers, management, and clients as compared to their counterparts. Attorneys who have requested accommodations are more willing to disclose as compared to those who have not, but only to co-workers and management. Women are less likely than men to disclose to management and clients. However, gender is not a significant determinant of disclosure to co-workers. Older attorneys are more likely to disclose to clients, whereas attorneys with children are less likely to disclose to co-workers. Lastly, lower perceived prejudice and the presence of co-workers with disabilities are associated with higher disclosure scores, but not for all groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who acquired a disability at a relatively early point in life and those with more visible disabilities are more likely to disclose. However, such willingness is affected by the intersection of disability with other individual and firm-level characteristics. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS The findings imply that those with less visible disabilities and with health conditions acquired later in life are less likely to disclose. The relevance of the findings is heightened by the altered work conditions and demands imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitore Hyseni
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Arzana Myderrizi
- Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, USA
| | - Peter Blanck
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, 950 Irving Avenue, Suite 446, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
- Peter Blanck, University Professor & Chairman Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, 950 Irving Avenue, Suite 446, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
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12
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Gignac MAM, Jetha A, Ginis KAM, Ibrahim S. Does it matter what your reasons are when deciding to disclose (or not disclose) a disability at work? The association of workers' approach and avoidance goals with perceived positive and negative workplace outcomes. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:638-651. [PMID: 33523376 PMCID: PMC8298367 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Deciding whether to disclose a disability to others at work is complex. Many chronic mental and physical health conditions are associated with episodic disability and include times of relative wellness punctuated by intermittent periods of activity limitations. This research draws on the disclosure processes model to examine approach and avoidance disclosure and non-disclosure goals and their association with perceived positive and negative workplace outcomes. Participants were 896 employed individuals (57.7% women) living with a chronic physical or mental health/cognitive condition. They were recruited from an existing national panel and completed an online, cross-sectional survey. Participants were asked about disclosure decisions, reasons for disclosure/non-disclosure, demographic, work context and perceived positive and negative disclosure decision outcomes (e.g., support, stress, lost opportunities). About half the sample (51.2%) had disclosed a disability to their supervisor. Decisions included both approach and avoidance goals. Approach goals (e.g., desire support, want to build trust, maintain the status quo at work) were significantly associated with perceived positive work outcomes regardless of whether a participant disclosed or did not disclose a disability at work, while avoidance goals (e.g., concerns about losing one's job, feeling forced to disclose because others notice a problem) were associated with perceived negative work outcomes. The findings highlight benefits and challenges that workers perceive arise when they choose to disclose or not disclose personal health information. By better understanding disclosure decisions, we can inform organizational health privacy and support gaps to help sustain the employment of people living with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- Department of Medicine School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Selahadin Ibrahim
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, Suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
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13
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Wong J, Kallish N, Crown D, Capraro P, Trierweiler R, Wafford QE, Tiema-Benson L, Hassan S, Engel E, Tamayo C, Heinemann AW. Job Accommodations, Return to Work and Job Retention of People with Physical Disabilities: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:474-490. [PMID: 33479811 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to identify job accommodations that help persons with physical disabilities maintain or return to work and explore the barriers and facilitators that influence the provision and reception of job accommodations. Methods We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019129645). The search strategy incorporated keywords describing physical disabilities, employer-approved job accommodations, and employment retention or return to work approaches. We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Theses and dissertations. Reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion. We used Hawker et al.'s method to assess study quality. Results We identified 2203 articles, of which 52 met inclusion criteria, developed a table of job accommodations commonly used by persons with physical disabilities, summarized the percentages of job accommodations used by persons with disabilities, synthesized evidence of the effectiveness of job accommodations, and identified the factors that influence job accommodation use. The most frequently reported accommodations were as follows: modification of job responsibilities, change of workplace policy, supportive personnel provision, flexible scheduling, and assistive technology. We summarized four types of facilitators and barriers that affect job accommodation use: employee-related factors, accommodation-related factors, job-related factors, and social workplace-related factors. Conclusion The absence of randomized controlled trials and prevalence of cross-sectional surveys provides inconclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of specific job accommodations for people with particular functional limitations. Our system of categorizing job accommodations provides a guide to investigators seeking to evaluate the effectiveness of job accommodations using experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasin Wong
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair St., 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Natasha Kallish
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deborah Crown
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Pamela Capraro
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Shahzeb Hassan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair St., 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Edeth Engel
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christina Tamayo
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair St., 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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14
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Shafi R, Colantonio A. Assessing the effectiveness of workplace accommodations in facilitating return to work after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041581. [PMID: 34011579 PMCID: PMC8137232 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Returning to work and sustaining employment can be a significant challenge for traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. Within the literature, there is recurring support for the role of workplace accommodations in effective and early return-to-work (RTW). To date, however, there has been a lack of systematic reviews exploring the specific role of workplace accommodations within the context of RTW after TBI. The primary objective of this protocol is to outline the methodological approach that will be undertaken to systematically review the literature and to assess the effectiveness of workplace accommodations in facilitating RTW. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of nine databases will be searched systematically using the concepts 'Brain injury,' 'RTW' and 'Job Accommodations.' Study selection will be performed independently by three reviewers, based on predetermined eligibility criteria through two rounds of screening using, first, the title and abstract, followed by a full-text search. Extracted information will include the study's purpose, design, and setting; the data source and type; the severity of TBI and the diagnostic criterion used; a comprehensive description of the intervention provided; the RTW outcome variables and the statistical methods used, etc. The data will be tabulated and narratively synthesised. Systematic review registration: This protocol has been registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this review intends to use pre-existing published studies hence research ethics board approvals will not be required. Nevertheless, this review will follow the ethical and governance standards in the data management and presentation of results. The findings from this review will potentially be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal (electronically and in print). The results of this review will be presented at both national/international conferences and shared with stakeholders influencing RTW practices. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016043517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Shafi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Heymann J, Wong E, Waisath W. A Comparative Overview of Disability-Related Employment Laws and Policies in 193 Countries. JOURNAL OF DISABILITY POLICY STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10442073211006396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People with disabilities experience significantly worse employment outcomes than individuals without disabilities. In a study of 91 countries, employment-to-population ratios were significantly lower for people with disabilities. Moreover, studies find clear evidence of discrimination in wages, training, and promotions. The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD) commits countries to enact legislation prohibiting discrimination and guaranteeing reasonable accommodation. However, there has yet to be a global systematic analysis of the extent to which countries are upholding their CRPD commitments. We built the first global database to document employment-related legislative provisions in all countries for persons with disabilities. We report on non-discrimination protections and reasonable accommodation across all 193 UN member states. We find progress and ongoing gaps. Sixty-two percent of countries broadly prohibit disability-based employment discrimination, but far fewer prohibit indirect discrimination (33%) and harassment (30%). Just over half (52%) of countries guarantee reasonable accommodation to workers with disabilities. Similarly, just over half of countries (53%) do not prohibit pay discrimination or discrimination in promotion/demotion. In conclusion, we discuss the need to address gaps in national legislation and to enhance efforts to implement and enforce existing legal rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Heymann
- WORLD Policy Analysis Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wong
- WORLD Policy Analysis Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Willetta Waisath
- WORLD Policy Analysis Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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16
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Fairley JL, Seneviwickrama M, Yeh S, Anthony S, Chou L, Cicuttini FM, Sullivan K, Briggs AM, Wluka AE. Person-centred care in osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis: a scoping review of people's needs outside of healthcare. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:341. [PMID: 33836697 PMCID: PMC8035722 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthritis, regardless of cause, has significant physical, social and psychological impacts on patients. We aimed to identify the non-healthcare needs perceived by patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine if these differ. METHODS We electronically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL (1990-2020) systematically to identify non-healthcare-related needs of people with IA or OA. All citations were screened and quality appraised by two reviewers. Data was extracted by a single reviewer. RESULTS The search identified 7853 citations, with 31 studies included (12 for OA, 20 for IA). Six areas of need emerged and these were similar in both group These were: 1) Assistance with activities of daily living especially related to a lack of independence; 2) Social connectedness: need for social participation; 3) Financial security: worry about financial security and increased costs of health-seeking behaviours; 4) Occupational needs: desire to continue work for financial and social reasons, facilitated by flexibility of workplace conditions/environment; 5) Exercise and leisure: including limitation due to pain; 6) Transportation: limitations in ability to drive and take public transport due to mobility concerns. Many areas of need were linked; e.g. loss of employment and requiring support from family was associated with a sense of "failure" and loss of identity, as social isolation. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the pervasive impact of arthritis on peoples' lives, regardless of aetiology, albeit with a limited evidence base. Improved identification and targeting of non-healthcare needs of people with arthritis is likely to improve person-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fairley
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maheeka Seneviwickrama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sabrina Yeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane Anthony
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louisa Chou
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Flavia M Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaye Sullivan
- Monash University Library, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Briggs
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western, Australia
| | - Anita E Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Jetha A, Johnson SR, Gignac MAM. Unmet Workplace Support Needs and Lost Productivity of Workers With Systemic Sclerosis: A Path Analysis Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:423-431. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work and Health and Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sindhu R. Johnson
- Toronto Scleroderma Program Toronto Western Hospital Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Monique A. M. Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health and Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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18
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Jetha A, Gignac MAM, Ibrahim S, Martin Ginis KA. Disability and sex/gender intersections in unmet workplace support needs: Findings from a large Canadian survey of workers. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:149-161. [PMID: 33231897 PMCID: PMC7839541 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individual attributes including disability and sex/gender have the potential to intersect and determine the likelihood of unmet workplace support needs. Our study compares unmet workplace support needs between workers with and without a disability, and according to disability type and sex/gender differences. METHODS Workers with (n = 901) and without (n = 895) a disability were surveyed to examine their need and use of workplace supports including job accommodations, work modifications and health benefits. A multivariable logistic model was conducted to examine the relationship between disability status, disability type and sex/gender and unmet workplace support needs. The model included interaction terms between sex/gender × physical disability, sex/gender × nonphysical disability, and sex/gender × physical and nonphysical disability. RESULTS Among participants with a disability, 24% had a physical disability, 20% had a nonphysical disability (e.g., cognitive, mental/emotional or sensory disability) and 56% had both physical and nonphysical disability. Over half of the respondents were women (56%). Results from the multivariable model showed that nondisabled women were more likely to report unmet workplace support needs when compared to nondisabled men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.10). Findings also showed an intersection between the number and type of disability and sex/gender; women with both a physical and nonphysical disability had the greatest likelihood of reporting unmet workplace support needs when compared to nondisabled men (OR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.83-4.08). CONCLUSIONS Being a woman and having one or more disabilities can determine unmet workplace support needs. Strategies to address workplace support needs should consider the intersection between disability and sex/gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Monique A. M. Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Krembil Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Kelowna British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Southern Medical Program University of British Columbia Kelowna Canada
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19
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Jetha A, Theis KA, Boring MA, Murphy LB, Guglielmo D. Depressive Symptoms and the Arthritis-Employment Interface: A Population-Level Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:65-77. [PMID: 32702187 PMCID: PMC10481427 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms, arthritis, and employment, and to determine whether this relationship differs across young, middle-age, and older working-age adults with arthritis. METHODS Data from the US National Health Interview Survey from 2013-2017 were analyzed. Analyses were restricted to adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis of working age (ages 18-64 years) with complete data on depressive symptoms (n = 11,380). Covariates were sociodemographic information, health, and health system utilization variables. Employment prevalence was compared by self-reported depressive symptoms. We estimated percentages, as well as univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, to examine the relationship between depression and employment among young adults (ages 18-34 years), middle-age adults (ages 35-54 years), and older adults (ages 55-64 years). RESULTS Among all working-age US adults with arthritis, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13%. Those reporting depressive symptoms had a higher prevalence of fair/worse health (60%) and arthritis-attributable activity limitations (70%) compared to those not reporting depression (23% and 39%, respectively). Respondents with depressive symptoms reported significantly lower employment prevalence (30%) when compared to those not reporting depressive symptoms (66%) and lower multivariable-adjusted association with employment (prevalence ratio 0.88 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.83-0.93]). Middle-age adults reporting depression were significantly less likely to be employed compared to their counterparts without depression (prevalence ratio 0.83 [95% CI 0.77-0.90]); similar but borderline statistically significant relationships were observed for both young adults (prevalence ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.74-0.99]) and older adults (prevalence ratio 0.94 [95% CI 0.86-1.03]). CONCLUSION For adults with arthritis, depressive symptoms are associated with not participating in employment. Strategies to reduce arthritis-related work disability may be more effective if they simultaneously address mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work and Health, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Dana Guglielmo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, and Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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20
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Online resources supporting workers with chronic episodic disabilities: an environmental scan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-08-2020-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this research was to conduct an environmental scan describing publicly available resources focussed on working with an episodic disability and providing information and advice about communication and accommodation to support working people living with episodic disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an environmental scan of English language, freely available, online resources relevant to episodic disabilities in the workplace. The authors used Google™ to conduct structured keyword searches. Resources were reviewed and data extracted about episodic health condition(s) addressed, intended audience(s), resource format and content about health, legal rights, workplace issues, and accommodation and communication needs.FindingsSearches yielded 5,300 links to websites which was supplemented by 101 links identified by partners. Screening for relevance found 210 resources for which data were extracted. Of them, 158 addressed specific episodic disabilities or episodic disabilities generally. Most resources provided useful information addressing communication and accommodation of episodic disability. However, information specific to the episodic nature of disability was not consistently available. The resources generally lacked interactivity which could potentially limit users in applying the information to their personal circumstances.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest there are good resources to help workers and managers/supervisors navigate accommodations for episodic disabilities. Research should aim to improve the interactivity of information to personalize resources to worker and workplace needs, as well as formally evaluate resources and their outcomes. Practitioners may wish to recommend resources that specifically address workplace challenges for their clients.Originality/valueThe authors believe this is one of few studies that examined publicly available resources relevant to working with episodic disabilities.
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Hammond A, Sutton C, Cotterill S, Woodbridge S, O'Brien R, Radford K, Forshaw D, Verstappen S, Jones C, Marsden A, Eden M, Prior Y, Culley J, Holland P, Walker-Bone K, Hough Y, O'Neill TW, Ching A, Parker J. The effect on work presenteeism of job retention vocational rehabilitation compared to a written self-help work advice pack for employed people with inflammatory arthritis: protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (the WORKWELL trial). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:607. [PMID: 32912199 PMCID: PMC7488441 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Work problems are common in people with inflammatory arthritis. Up to 50% stop work within 10 years due to their condition and up to 67% report presenteeism (i.e. reduced work productivity), even amongst those with low disease activity. Job retention vocational rehabilitation (JRVR) may help prevent or postpone job loss and reduce presenteeism through work assessment, work-related rehabilitation and enabling job accommodations. This aims to create a better match between the person’s abilities and their job demands. The objectives of the Workwell trial are to test the overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of JRVR (WORKWELL) provided by additionally trained National Health Service (NHS) occupational therapists compared to a control group who receive self-help information both in addition to usual care. Methods Based on the learning from a feasibility trial (the WORK-IA trial: ISRCTN76777720), the WORKWELL trial is a multi-centre, pragmatic, individually-randomised parallel group superiority trial, including economic evaluation, contextual factors analysis and process evaluation. Two hundred forty employed adults with rheumatoid arthritis, undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis or psoriatic arthritis (in secondary care), aged 18 years or older with work instability will be randomised to one of two groups: a self-help written work advice pack plus usual care (control intervention); or WORKWELL JRVR plus a self-help written work advice pack and usual care. WORKWELL will be delivered by occupational therapists provided with additional JRVR training from the research team. The primary outcome is presenteeism as measured using the Work Limitations Questionnaire-25. A comprehensive range of secondary outcomes of work, health, contextual factors and health resource use are included. Outcomes are measured at 6- and 12- months (with 12-months as the primary end-point). A multi-perspective within-trial cost-effectiveness analyses will also be conducted. Discussion This trial will contribute to the evidence base for provision of JRVR to people with inflammatory arthritis. If JRVR is found to be effective in enabling people to keep working, the findings will support decision-making about provision of JRVR by rheumatology teams, therapy services and healthcare commissioners, and providing evidence of the effectiveness of JRVR and the economic impact of its implementation. Trial registration Clinical Trials.Gov: NCT03942783. Registered 08/05/2019 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03942783); ISRCTN Registry: ISRCTN61762297. Registered:13/05/2019 (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN61762297). Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hammond
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Allerton L701, Frederick Road, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 6PU, UK.
| | - Chris Sutton
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Cotterill
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Woodbridge
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Allerton L701, Frederick Road, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Rachel O'Brien
- School of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kate Radford
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Denise Forshaw
- Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Brook Building, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Suzanne Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheryl Jones
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonia Marsden
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Eden
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yeliz Prior
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Allerton L701, Frederick Road, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 6PU, UK
| | | | - Paula Holland
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Karen Walker-Bone
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yvonne Hough
- Rheumatology/ Occupational Therapy, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Helens Hospital, St Helens, Merseyside, UK
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Ching
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Allerton L701, Frederick Road, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Jennifer Parker
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Allerton L701, Frederick Road, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 6PU, UK
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Jetha A, Gignac MAM, Bowring J, Tucker S, Connelly CE, Proulx L, Martin Ginis KA. Supporting Arthritis and Employment Across the Life Course: A Qualitative Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 70:1461-1468. [PMID: 29381838 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the need for and availability and use of formal and informal workplace resources and to uncover differences across the life course in adults with arthritis. METHODS Focus groups and interviews were conducted with young (aged 18-34 years; n = 7), middle-aged (35-54 years; n = 13), and older adults (≥55 years; n = 25) with a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis, or other rheumatic disease. Participants were asked about their employment experiences, formal and informal workplace resource needs, and availability and use of workplace resources. Differences based on chronological, functional, psychosocial, organizational, and lifespan dimensions of age were examined. A modified grounded theory approach was used to inductively analyze the data. RESULTS Young, middle-aged, and older adult participants required similar workplace resources. Across all participants, scheduling modifications tended to be the most needed workplace resource. In contrast, the perceived availability and use of formal workplace resources differed among participants. Young adult participants and those who were newer to their jobs reported that workplace resources were less available and utilized. Middle-aged and older adults reported greater availability of workplace resources. Scheduling accommodations and at-work modifications were the workplace resources that were used most by middle-aged and older adults, respectively. CONCLUSION Similar workplace resources could meet the employment needs of individuals with arthritis across the life course. Attention should be paid to young adults and those who are new to their jobs, because they may perceive more barriers to accessing formal workplace resources and be susceptible to work disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Bowring
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Tucker
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Laurie Proulx
- Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Bosma A, Boot C, De Maaker M, Boeije H, Schoonmade L, Anema J, Schaafsma F. Exploring self-control of workers with a chronic condition: a qualitative synthesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2019.1631801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Bosma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C.R.L. Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. De Maaker
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H.R. Boeije
- NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L.J. Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.R. Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F.G. Schaafsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Gignac MAM, Ibrahim S, Smith PM, Kristman V, Beaton DE, Mustard CA. The Role of Sex, Gender, Health Factors, and Job Context in Workplace Accommodation Use Among Men and Women with Arthritis. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:490-504. [PMID: 29420700 PMCID: PMC5905635 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the aging of populations in many countries, workers are expected to remain employed longer but may struggle with the onset of common, chronic conditions like arthritis. To date, few studies have examined workplace policies and practices that could help accommodate individuals with arthritis, and fewer still have used a sex and gender-based approach to explore similarities and differences between women and men. Objectives This study compared the health and work contexts of workers aged ≥50 years to better understand similarities and differences between women and men in accommodation availability, need, use, and unmet needs. Methods A cross-sectional survey of men and women with osteoarthritis (OA), inflammatory arthritis (IA), or both OA and IA was administered online or by telephone and assessed demographics (e.g. age, education), health (e.g. pain, fatigue, workplace activity limitations), work context factors (e.g. job sector, full/part-time work, job control), and workplace accommodations (e.g. health benefits, flexible hours, special equipment/adaptations, modified duties). Sex and gender-based analyses examined similarities and differences between men and women and included descriptive statistics, multivariable multinomial analyses, and nested regression analyses. Results There was a 58.9% response rate and final sample of 463 participants (women, n = 266; men, n = 197; OA = 59.0%; IA/both IA and OA = 23.7%; unsure = 17.3%). Women and men were significantly different in a number of health (e.g. fatigue, health variability, workplace activity limitations) and work context factors (e.g. job sector, part-time work, job stress). However, in other respects, they were similar (e.g. pain, job involving physical demands, size of organization, shift work, union membership, job control). There were no differences between men and women in the availability or use of workplace accommodations. However, women reported significantly more accommodation needs and had greater unmet needs. Multivariable multinomial analyses found male/female as a binary variable did not explain differences in accommodation need, use, and unmet need. Nested analyses highlighted that differences in health variables explained male/female differences in accommodation need, while work context differences explained male/female differences in whether needs were met. Conclusions The findings highlight that women and men draw on a range of existing accommodation policies and practices to help manage their arthritis and that most have their accommodation needs met. Decomposing the context within which men and women with arthritis work suggests that women may face health and work context challenges that differ from men and that are related to greater accommodation needs and unmet need. This highlights potential vulnerabilities in the work of women that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki Kristman
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Cameron A Mustard
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Helme C, Hegarty RSM, Stebbings S, Treharne GJ. "I actually just really need to stop work sometimes": Exploring fatigue-related barriers to employment among people with rheumatic diseases. Musculoskeletal Care 2019; 17:97-104. [PMID: 30468553 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatigue is a common symptom of many rheumatic diseases (RDs), but more research is needed to explore the experience of fatigue and its impact on employment among people with RDs. The aim of the present study was to investigate experiences of fatigue, its impact on employment and strategies that people with RD use to continue working. METHOD Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with five participants with a range of RDs living in New Zealand (three women, two men; aged 45-64 years). All participants were employed part time at the time of the interview. The transcripts were subjected to inductive thematic analysis, led by the first author, who had an RD. RESULTS Four themes resulted from the analysis: (a) workplace management and coping strategies; (b) the function of positive workplace relationships; (c) barriers to understanding; and (d) collectively improving understanding. These themes act to explain how individuals with RDs in employment believe fatigue to have a bearing on their work, how they manage fatigue at work, how they believe coworkers and employers perceive and manage their fatigue, and what they believe could improve the understanding of fatigue in workplaces. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with RDs in employment describe fatigue as playing a substantial role in their experiences at work. This research expands on previous literature addressing barriers to employment in those with RDs by specifically addressing the relevance of fatigue. It is imperative to provide information to employers, and guidelines for employees with an RD who are experiencing fatigue should outline appropriate strategies for success at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Helme
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa/New Zealand
| | - Roisin S M Hegarty
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa/New Zealand
| | - Simon Stebbings
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa/New Zealand
| | - Gareth J Treharne
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa/New Zealand
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26
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Jetha A, Bowring J, Furrie A, Smith F, Breslin C. Supporting the Transition into Employment: A Study of Canadian Young Adults Living with Disabilities. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019; 29:140-149. [PMID: 29696476 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To examine the job accommodation and benefit needs of young adults with disabilities as they transition into employment, and their perceived barriers to meeting support needs. Methods An online survey was conducted of 155 Canadian young adults with disabilities (mean age = 25.8 years). Respondents were either employed or seeking employment, and were asked about their need for health benefits, and soft (e.g., flexible scheduling) and hard accommodations (e.g., ergonomic interventions), and perceived accommodation barriers. Disability characteristics (e.g., disability type), demographic details and work context information were collected. Multivariable logistic analyses were conducted to examine the factors associated with a greater need for health benefits and hard and soft accommodations. Result Participants reported having a physical (79%), psychological (79%) or cognitive/learning disability (77%); 68% had > 1 disability. Over half (55%) were employed. Health benefits and soft accommodations were most needed by participants. Also, an average of six perceived accommodation barriers were indicated; difficulty with disability disclosure was most frequently reported. More perceived accommodation barriers were associated with a greater need for health benefits (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.31) and soft accommodations (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27). A psychological disability was a associated with a greater need for health benefits (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.09-7.43) and soft accommodations (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.41-10.42). Discussion Employers can support the employment of young adults with disabilities through provision of extended health benefits and soft accommodations. Addressing accommodation barriers could minimize unmet workplace need, and improve employment outcomes for young adults with disabilities as they begin their career and across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Julie Bowring
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
| | | | - Frank Smith
- National Educational Association for Disabled Students, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Curtis Breslin
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Seneca College, Toronto, Canada
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27
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Retirement Expectations of Older Workers with Arthritis and Diabetes Compared with Those of Workers with No Chronic Diseases. Can J Aging 2019; 38:296-314. [DOI: 10.1017/s0714980818000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
RÉSUMÉLes plans de retraite des adultes atteints de maladies chroniques sont peu connus. Dans le cadre de cette étude, des travailleurs canadiens âgés de 50 à 67 ans provenant d’un regroupement national de 80 000 personnes (arthrite, n = 631 ; diabète, n = 286 ; arthrite et diabète, n = 111 ; aucune maladie chronique invalidante, n = 538) ont participé à une enquête transversale sur ce sujet. Les questions posées aux participants traitaient de l’âge prévu pour leur départ à la retraite, de leurs plans de travail futurs, de la possibilité d’un départ hâtif à la retraite et de la transition vers la retraite. Des analyses de khi-carré, de variance et des régressions ont permis d’évaluer les attentes et les facteurs qui y étaient associés. Les travailleurs souffrant d’arthrite et de diabète avaient des plans de retraite semblables à ceux des participants sains, malgré leurs problèmes de santé, et ces plans concordaient avec les attentes associées au fait de travailler jusqu’à un âge de retraite conventionnel. Toutefois, le nombre de répondants souffrant d’arthrite ou de diabète qui avaient prévu une retraite anticipée était plus élevé que celui des participants en bonne santé. Contrairement aux prévisions, la part de la variance associée aux facteurs liés à la santé était moindre que celle des autres facteurs en ce qui concerne les attentes en matière de retraite. Ces résultats mettent en lumière la complexité des attentes liées à la retraite et soulignent l’importance de l’adéquation personne-travail, malgré la présence de maladies.
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28
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Bonaccio S, Connelly CE, Gellatly IR, Jetha A, Martin Ginis KA. The Participation of People with Disabilities in the Workplace Across the Employment Cycle: Employer Concerns and Research Evidence. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 35:135-158. [PMID: 32269418 PMCID: PMC7114957 DOI: 10.1007/s10869-018-9602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite legislation on diversity in the workplace, people with disabilities still do not experience the same access to work opportunities as do their counterparts without disabilities. Many employers have been shown to harbor sincere yet ill-founded views about the work-related abilities of people with disabilities; these negative views are often a result of interrelated concerns that permeate the entire employment cycle. In this paper, we provide evidence-based responses to 11 specific concerns that employers have about people with disabilities, from pre-employment and entry experiences to the final dissolution of the employment relationship. At each stage of the employment cycle, we summarize and evaluate the relevant empirical evidence and provide recommendations for organizations committed to creating more effective, equitable, and inclusive workplaces for all individuals. We also suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonaccio
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, 55 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | | | - Ian R. Gellatly
- Alberta School of Business, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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29
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Paulides E, Gearry RB, de Boer NKH, Mulder CJJ, Bernstein CN, McCombie AM. Accommodations and Adaptations to Overcome Workplace Disability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Systematic Review. Inflamm Intest Dis 2019; 3:138-144. [PMID: 30820435 DOI: 10.1159/000495293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, incurable diseases which are often characterized by unpredictable flares and troubling symptoms which can interfere with a patient's ability to work. Accommodations in the workplace can help persons with IBD to cope with their illness and work effectively. We systematically reviewed all studies regarding workplace disability in IBD patients. Summary Systematic searches were undertaken on February 5 and March 5, 2018, for the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL, for studies that addressed workplace needs, accommodations and adaptations using survey tools. Of 430 studies screened, 54 met initial eligibility criteria and then 6 studies were ultimately included, with a total of 7,700 participants. Five studies were quantitative, and 1 study was qualitative. Common themes were the importance of reasonable adjustments and accommodations in the workplace, mixed with the finding that a significant proportion reported that they had some difficulty arranging accommodations. Adaptations most required were access to a toilet or toilet breaks and time to go to medical appointments. Key Messages People with IBD often need accommodations, but many do not ask or have difficulty arranging it. Better resources are needed to inform people with IBD about the possibilities for workplace accommodations and practical strategies to request them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Paulides
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Section of Gastroenterology, Max Rady School of Medicine and University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew M McCombie
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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30
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Gignac MAM, Kristman V, Smith PM, Beaton DE, Badley EM, Ibrahim S, Mustard CA, Wang M. Are There Differences in Workplace Accommodation Needs, Use and Unmet Needs Among Older Workers With Arthritis, Diabetes and No Chronic Conditions? Examining the Role of Health and Work Context. WORK, AGING AND RETIREMENT 2018; 4:381-398. [PMID: 30288294 PMCID: PMC6159000 DOI: 10.1093/workar/way004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aging of workforces combined with the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases has generated interest in whether large numbers of older workers will need workplace accommodations. This research applied work functioning theory to examine accommodation availability, need and use in workers with arthritis, diabetes, or no chronic disabling diseases; factors associated with accommodation needs; and the relationship of accommodation needs met, unmet or exceeded to job outcomes. Participants were aged 50-67 years, employed, and had arthritis (n = 631), diabetes (n = 286), both arthritis/diabetes (n = 111) or no chronic disabling conditions (healthy controls n = 538). They were recruited from a national panel of 80,000 individuals and a cross-sectional survey was administered online or by telephone. Questionnaires assessed demographics, health, work context, workplace accommodations, and job outcomes. Chi-square analyses, analyses of variance, and regression analyses compared groups. Respondents were similar in many demographic and work context factors. As expected, workers with arthritis and/or diabetes often reported poorer health and employment outcomes. Yet, there were few differences across health conditions in need for or use of accommodations with most participants reporting accommodations needs met. In keeping with work functioning theory, unmet accommodation needs were largely related to work context, not health. Workers whose accommodation needs were exceeded reported better job outcomes than those with accommodation needs met. Findings highlight both work context and health in understanding workplace accommodations and suggest that many older workers can meet accommodation needs with existing workplace practices. However, additional research aimed at workplace support and the timing of accommodation use is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicki Kristman
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorcas E Beaton
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mobility Program Clinical Research Unit, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Badley
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Cameron A Mustard
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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On-the-Job Productivity Losses Among Employees With Health Problems: The Role of Work Accommodations. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 59:885-893. [PMID: 28742765 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Debates about the productivity impact of work accommodations typically focus on employment and labor force participation outcomes. This study considers whether accommodations mediate on-the-job productivity losses among employees who report health problems. METHODS The study uses ordered logistic regression to predict employees' self-reported productivity losses as a function of health problems and experiences with needed work accommodations. RESULTS On average, the odds that an employee who did not get a needed accommodation reported higher levels of lost productivity are 5.11 times the odds for an employee who got a needed accommodation. CONCLUSIONS Although health problems make it difficult for many employees to perform well on the job, accommodations could reduce productivity losses in some cases. Nonetheless, more research on the impact of specific kinds of accommodations for different chronic conditions is warranted.
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Purc-Stephenson RJ, Dostie J, Smith HJ. Swimming Against the Current: A Qualitative Review of the Work Experiences and Adaptations Made by Employees With Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018; 70:1587-1597. [PMID: 29381840 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the experiences and strategies of employees with arthritis to maintain employment, and to use this information to build a conceptual model. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies that examined the work experiences of employees with arthritis. Published studies on arthritis and employment were searched from electronic databases (1980-2017) and bibliographic reviews of relevant studies. We used meta-ethnography to synthesize the findings. RESULTS We reviewed 17 studies that reported on the experiences of 873 employees. We identified 11 main themes that highlight common issues experienced by employees with arthritis and grouped these into 4 higher-order categories: changing nature of the disease (emotional issues, cognitive struggles, unpredictable physical symptoms), intrapersonal issues (personal meaning of work, preserving a work identity), interpersonal issues (managing disclosure, gaining coworker support, organizational culture issues), and work-sustainability strategies (making personal adjustments, using social support, using workplace accommodations). Using these themes, we developed the Job Sustainability Model to illustrate how disease, personal, and work-related factors interact to influence what type of coping behaviors are used and when. Initially, employees with arthritis rely on making personal adjustments, using social support, and medical intervention. However, when these coping behaviors fail to be effective, they draw upon workplace accommodations and resources. CONCLUSION Arthritis disrupts an employee's work life by impairing his or her capacity to be a productive worker. Our results highlight how employees with arthritis make strategic adaptations to maintain a productive work life for as long as possible. The findings of this study have implications for work-related interventions aimed at preserving employment.
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Jetha A, Bowring J, Tucker S, Connelly CE, Martin Ginis KA, Proulx L, Gignac MAM. Transitions that matter: life course differences in the employment of adults with arthritis. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:3127-3135. [PMID: 28922952 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1378387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the similarities and differences in the employment participation of people living with arthritis across the life course. METHOD Focus groups and interviews were conducted with young (ages 18-34 years, n = 7), middle-aged (ages 35-54 years, n = 13) and older adults (>55 years, n = 25) with arthritis. Participants were asked about the impact of arthritis on employment, experiences with health-related changes, career progression and social role involvement. A modified grounded theory approach was used to inductively analyze the data. RESULTS Young adults indicated the school-to-work transition as being influential in their employment and described the need to direct their time and energy toward finding work that accommodated health and met career aspirations. Middle-aged adults described how the transition from good health to an arthritis diagnosis disrupted involvement in diverse social roles. However, they often downplayed the impact of arthritis on employment. Older adults described the work-to-retirement transition and their decline in physical functioning as contributing to changing involvement in the labor market. CONCLUSION Transitions related to health, career progression and social role involvement shaped employment experiences, and represent opportunities for future research and practice that is tailored to life course issues. Implications for rehabilitation Little is known about the work experiences of young- and middle-aged adults with arthritis and how they compare to their older counterparts. Life course theory offers an important framework for research and practice by providing a perspective to enhance our understanding of how employment participation differs across phases of life. Salient and diverse changes related to health, career and social role involvement were identified at each life phase and shaped employment. Rehabilitation practitioners should pay special attention to a client's age, life phase and work history as a strategy to enhance the delivery of interventions that promote work participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- a Institute for Work & Health , Toronto , Canada.,b DeGroote School of Business , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,c Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- e Department of Kinesiology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,f School of Health and Exercise Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Laurie Proulx
- g Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- a Institute for Work & Health , Toronto , Canada.,c Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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34
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Breslin FC, Lay AM, Jetha A, Smith P. Examining occupational health and safety vulnerability among Canadian workers with disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:2138-2143. [PMID: 28545307 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1327985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare workers with and without disabilities on their reported workplace hazard exposure and the presence of occupational health and safety vulnerability factors. METHODS Working-aged adults in Ontario or British Columbia were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey (n = 1988). Self-reported measures included demographic factors, work-related variables, perceived level of activity limitation at work, and presence of work safety vulnerability factors utilizing a novel framework. RESULTS Reporting a disability at work was significantly associated with greater hazard exposure than those without a disability. In addition, those reporting a disability at work were more likely to be employed in conditions where hazard exposure was combined with inadequate policies and procedures, or hazard exposures were combined with inadequate empowerment. CONCLUSIONS Work safety vulnerability is one way that health inequalities can be perpetuated even among those with disabilities who have found work. Our results suggest that employers and policy makers need to focus on assessing and addressing hazard exposures and targeting occupational health and safety resources in the workplace in a way that includes workers with disabilities. Implications for Rehabilitation Workers with disabilities experience greater hazard exposure than those without a disability. Those with moderate and severe disabilities reported occupational health and safety vulnerability, suggesting that workplace accommodations should be available to a broader range of disability levels. It appears that, above and beyond standard safety procedures, providing workplace accommodations for people with disabilities may further reduce their hazard exposure and improve their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Curtis Breslin
- a Institute for Work & Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Department of English and Liberal Studies , Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology , King City , Ontario , Canada.,c Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Social and Behavioural Sciences Department , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - A Morgan Lay
- a Institute for Work & Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Arif Jetha
- a Institute for Work & Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Social and Behavioural Sciences Department , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,d DeGroote School of Business , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Peter Smith
- a Institute for Work & Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,e School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
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Oakman J, Kinsman N, Briggs AM. Working with Persistent Pain: An Exploration of Strategies Utilised to Stay Productive at Work. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017; 27:4-14. [PMID: 26800700 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-016-9626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Maintaining productive employment for people with persistent pain conditions is challenging. This study aims to explore supports-work and non-work- used by employees to assist them in maintaining productive employment. Methods An exploratory, mixed-methods study comprising a questionnaire battery followed by semi-structured interviews to collect in-depth qualitative data was undertaken. The questionnaires measured descriptive variables used to select participants for interviews based on maximum heterogeneity sampling. Thirty-five semi-structured interviews were undertaken (14 males; 21 females). The interview schedule covered: employment situation, workplace challenges, workplace supports, coping strategies, motivations, future employment options and any other resources utilised. Inductive content analysis was undertaken using a grounded theory approach to systematically explore the data. Results Three key themes were identified: barriers to working productively, enablers to working productively, disclosing my condition at work. A key determinant of maintaining productive employment was a supportive employer. In addition, flexibility in the work organisation was also pivotal in maintaining sustainable, productive employment. An important issue emerged with regard to disclosure of one's condition to an employer. For some, this was a significant barrier to employment. Conclusions To ensure sustainable employment is attainable for those with persistent pain conditions, a good match is required between an employee and their work. Workplace accommodations may assist with improving job fit but this requires disclosure of a condition to an employer. Weighing up the risks and benefits of disclosure is difficult, and may be assisted by knowledge of available supports to assist with maintaining ongoing employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Oakman
- Centre for Ergonomics and Human Factors, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Natasha Kinsman
- Centre for Ergonomics and Human Factors, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew M Briggs
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
- Arthritis and Osteoporosis Victoria, Elsternwick, VIC, 3185, Australia
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Sharif B, Garner R, Hennessy D, Sanmartin C, Flanagan WM, Marshall DA. Productivity costs of work loss associated with osteoarthritis in Canada from 2010 to 2031. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:249-258. [PMID: 27666512 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate and project the productivity costs of work loss (PCWL) associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in Canada using the Population Health Model (POHEM). DESIGN We integrated an employment module based on 2006 Canadian Census into the previously developed microsimulation model of OA. The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 2.1 with an OA sample aged 25-64 (n = 7067) was used to calibrate the results of the employment module and to estimate the fraction of non-employment associated with OA. Probabilities of non-employment together with attributable fractions were then implemented in POHEM to estimate PCWL associated with OA from 2010 to 2031. RESULTS Among the OA population, 44.4% and 59.4% of non-employment due to illness was associated with OA for those not working full-year and part-year, respectively. According to POHEM projections, the size of the working age population with OA increased from 1.5 million in 2010 to 1.7 million in 2031. The PCWL associated with OA increased from $12 billion to $17.5 billion in constant 2008 Canadian dollars. Around 38% of this increase was due to the increase in OA prevalence and changes in demographics, while the rest was due to increase in real wage growth. Male and female OA patients between 55 and 64 years of age had the highest total projected PCWL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The total PCWL associated with OA in Canada is estimated to be substantial and increasing in future years. Results of this study could be used to inform policies aiming to increase employment sustainability among individuals with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sharif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - R Garner
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - D Hennessy
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - C Sanmartin
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - W M Flanagan
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - D A Marshall
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Vance S, Campbell A, Dong S. Examining Impacts of Mindfulness in Requesting Job Accommodations for Individuals With Disabilities. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355216683673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between mindfulness and the request for job accommodations among individuals with disabilities. One hundred fifty individuals with disabilities who needed a job accommodation completed a survey assessing the cognitive, affective, and mindfulness factors involved with requesting job accommodations. Pearson correlations were calculated between scales and subscales measuring mindfulness, positive affect, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and intentions to request accommodations. The results showed significant correlations between mindfulness and all other scales. In addition, multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impacts of cognitive, affective, and mindfulness factors on an individual’s intention and decision to request or withhold a request for an accommodation. Mindfulness was not found significant in predicting the intention to request accommodations; however, positive affect, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations accounted for 35% of the variance in intention to request. The interaction between mindfulness and intention to request, along with self-efficacy, was found significant in predicting request behavior. Mindfulness and the interaction between mindfulness and intention to request contributed an additional 8% of the variance in requesting behavior. The results of this study indicate the need for more research into the relationship of mindfulness and the decision to request accommodations.
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Padkapayeva K, Posen A, Yazdani A, Buettgen A, Mahood Q, Tompa E. Workplace accommodations for persons with physical disabilities: evidence synthesis of the peer-reviewed literature. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:2134-2147. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1224276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Posen
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amin Yazdani
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Center of Research Expertise for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (CRE-MSD), Waterloo, ON, Canada
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Business and Hospitality, Conestoga College, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Alexis Buettgen
- Center for Research on Work Disability Policy (CRWDP), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Critical Disability Studies Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Emile Tompa
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Research on Work Disability Policy (CRWDP), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jetha A, Chen C, Mustard C, Ibrahim S, Bielecky A, Beaton D, Smith P. Longitudinal examination of temporality in the association between chronic disease diagnosis and changes in work status and hours worked. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:184-191. [PMID: 27694137 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the longitudinal relationship between incidence of diagnosed chronic disease and work status and hours worked. METHODS A dynamic cohort approach was taken to construct our study sample using the Canadian National Population Health Survey. Participant inclusion criteria included being employed and without a chronic health condition in the survey cycle prior to diagnosis, and participation in consecutive surveys following diagnosis. Each respondent was matched with up to 5 respondents without a diagnosed health condition. The direct and indirect associations between chronic disease and work status and hours worked following diagnosis were examined using probit and linear regression path models. Separate models were developed for arthritis, back problems, diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. RESULTS We identified 799 observations with a diagnosis of arthritis, 858 with back pain, 178 with diabetes, 569 with hypertension and 163 with heart disease, which met our selection criteria. An examination of total effects at time 1 and time 2 showed that, excluding hypertension, chronic disease diagnosis was related to work loss. The time 2 effect of chronic disease diagnosis on work loss was mediated through time 1 work status. With the exception of heart disease, an incident case of chronic disease was not related to changes in work hours among observations with continuous work participation. CONCLUSIONS Chronic disease can result in work loss following diagnosis. Research is required to understand how modifying occupational conditions may benefit employment immediately after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Chen
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Mustard
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Selahadin Ibrahim
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dorcas Beaton
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mobility Program, Clinical Research Unit, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Al Dhanhani AM, Gignac MAM, Beaton DE, Su J, Fortin PR. Job Accommodations Availability and Utilization Among People With Lupus: An Examination of Workplace Activity Limitations and Work Context Factors. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016. [PMID: 26214148 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the availability of diverse job accommodations (or flexible working arrangements) and to describe their use among people with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), as well as to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations. METHODS A mail survey was sent to adult lupus patients receiving care from a lupus clinic based in Toronto, Canada. The survey assessed demographic information, self-reported disease activity, work history, workplace activity limitations, job strain, and the availability and use of job accommodations. Standard multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations. RESULTS We received 362 responses of 604 mailed surveys (60% response rate). Participants who were employed within the last 5 years, but who were not currently working, were less likely than currently employed participants to report having had job accommodations available to them at their last place of employment. The use of job accommodations was reported by 70% of currently employed respondents and by 72% of those not currently employed. The most common job accommodation used was sick leave days. Factors positively associated with the use of job accommodations among those who were employed included higher levels of education, being diagnosed with fibromyalgia, at least 1 episode of short-term work disability, not belonging to a union, greater workplace activity limitations, and greater job strain. CONCLUSION The use of job accommodations among people with lupus is common. Work context factors, such as workplace activity limitations and job strain, are the main factors associated with the use of job accommodations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Al Dhanhani
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Toronto Western Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorcas E Beaton
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiandong Su
- Toronto Western Research Institute and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sharif B, Garner R, Sanmartin C, Flanagan WM, Hennessy D, Marshall DA. Risk of work loss due to illness or disability in patients with osteoarthritis: a population-based cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:861-8. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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