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Deckenbach D, Schneider JJ. Toward a Metal Anode-Free Zinc-Air Battery for Next-Generation Energy Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311065. [PMID: 38319023 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-air batteries (ZABs) promise high energy density and safety. However, the use of conventional zinc anodes affects the energy output from the battery, so that the theoretical energy density is not achievable under operation conditions. A large portion of the zinc is shielded by anode passivation during the discharge process and remains electrochemically unused, making the operation of rechargeable ZABs inefficient up to date. In a metal anode-free ZAB, there is no unnecessary excess zinc if the zinc reservoir can be precisely adjusted by electrodeposition of zinc from the electrolyte. In this respect, an anode-free battery uses the electrolyte offering a dual-mode functionality not only providing ionic conductivity but also being the source of zinc. In addition, it is shown that a defined porous anode architecture is crucial for high rechargeability in this new type of ZAB. 3D-spatially arranged carbon nanotubes as geometrically defined host structures allow a homogeneous zinc deposition from the electrolyte. Together with carbon nanohorns as an active 2e- catalyst on the cathode side, the rechargeability of this new concept reaches up to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Deckenbach
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Nascimento L, Fernandes C, Silva RM, Semitela Â, de Sousa BM, Marques PAAP, Vieira SI, Silva RF, Barroca N, Gonçalves G. Customizing 3D Structures of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes to Direct Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300828. [PMID: 37312636 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue-related illnesses have a high incidence and prevalence in society. Despite intensive research efforts to enhance the regeneration of neural cells into functional tissue, effective treatments are still unavailable. Here, a novel therapeutic approach based on vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests (VA-CNT forests) and periodic VA-CNT micropillars produced by thermal chemical vapor deposition is explored. In addition, honeycomb-like and flower-like morphologies are created. Initial viability testing reveals that NE-4C neural stem cells seeded on all morphologies survive and proliferate. In addition, free-standing VA-CNT forests and capillary-driven VA-CNT forests are created, with the latter demonstrating enhanced capacity to stimulate neuritogenesis and network formation under minimal differentiation medium conditions. This is attributed to the interaction between surface roughness and 3D-like morphology that mimics the native extracellular matrix, thus enhancing cellular attachment and communication. These findings provide a new avenue for the construction of electroresponsive scaffolds based on CNTs for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Nascimento
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Fernandes
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M Silva
- CICECO Aveiro Insititute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ângela Semitela
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M de Sousa
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Vieira
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Rui F Silva
- CICECO Aveiro Insititute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Barroca
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Gil Gonçalves
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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Ruhunage C, Dhawan V, Nawarathne CP, Hoque A, Cui XT, Alvarez NT. Evaluation of Polymer-Coated Carbon Nanotube Flexible Microelectrodes for Biomedical Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:647. [PMID: 37370578 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for electrically insulated microwires and microfibers in biomedical applications is rapidly increasing. Polymer protective coatings with high electrical resistivity, good chemical resistance, and a long shelf-life are critical to ensure continuous device operation during chronic applications. As soft and flexible electrodes can minimize mechanical mismatch between tissues and electronics, designs based on flexible conductive microfibers, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, and soft polymer insulation have been proposed. In this study, a continuous dip-coating approach was adopted to insulate meters-long CNT fibers with hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), a soft and rubbery insulating polymer. Using this method, 4.8 m long CNT fibers with diameters of 25-66 µm were continuously coated with HNBR without defects or interruptions. The coated CNT fibers were found to be uniform, pinhole free, and biocompatible. Furthermore, the HNBR coating had better high-temperature tolerance than conventional insulating materials. Microelectrodes prepared using the HNBR-coated CNT fibers exhibited stable electrochemical properties, with a specific impedance of 27.0 ± 9.4 MΩ µm2 at 1.0 kHz and a cathodal charge storage capacity of 487.6 ± 49.8 mC cm-2. Thus, the developed electrodes express characteristics that made them suitable for use in implantable medical devices for chronic in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethani Ruhunage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Abdul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Noe T Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Schifano E, Cavoto G, Pandolfi F, Pettinari G, Apponi A, Ruocco A, Uccelletti D, Rago I. Plasma-Etched Vertically Aligned CNTs with Enhanced Antibacterial Power. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1081. [PMID: 36985974 PMCID: PMC10054568 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria represents a growing threat to public health, and it calls for the development of alternative antibacterial approaches not based on antibiotics. Here, we propose vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs), with a properly designed nanomorphology, as effective platforms to kill bacteria. We show, via a combination of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, the ability to tailor the topography of VA-CNTs, in a controlled and time-efficient manner, by means of plasma etching processes. Three different varieties of VA-CNTs were investigated, in terms of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: one as-grown variety and two varieties receiving different etching treatments. The highest reduction in cell viability (100% and 97% for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively) was observed for the VA-CNTs modified using Ar and O2 as an etching gas, thus identifying the best configuration for a VA-CNT-based surface to inactivate both planktonic and biofilm infections. Additionally, we demonstrate that the powerful antibacterial activity of VA-CNTs is determined by a synergistic effect of both mechanical injuries and ROS production. The possibility of achieving a bacterial inactivation close to 100%, by modulating the physico-chemical features of VA-CNTs, opens up new opportunities for the design of self-cleaning surfaces, preventing the formation of microbial colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Schifano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologia “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- SNN Lab, Sapienza Nanotechnology & Nano-Science Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cavoto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Pettinari
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-IFN, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Apponi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Roma Tre and INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Roma Tre and INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologia “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- SNN Lab, Sapienza Nanotechnology & Nano-Science Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rago
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Hu Y, Jiang K, Liew KM, Zhang LW. Nanoarray-Embedded Hierarchical Surfaces for Highly Durable Dropwise Condensation. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9789657. [PMID: 36061819 PMCID: PMC9394060 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9789657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Durable dropwise condensation of saturated vapor is of significance for heat transfer and energy saving in extensive industrial applications. While numerous superhydrophobic surfaces can promote steam condensation, maintaining discrete microdroplets on surfaces without the formation of a flooded filmwise condensation at high subcooling remains challenging. Here, we report the development of carbon nanotube array-embedded hierarchical composite surfaces that enable ultra-durable dropwise condensation under a wide range of subcooling (ΔTsub = 8 K–38 K), which outperforms existing nanowire surfaces. This performance stems from the combined strategies of the hydrophobic nanostructures that allow efficient surface renewal and the patterned hydrophilic micro frames that protect the nanostructures and also accelerate droplet nucleation. The synergistic effects of the composite design ensure sustained Cassie wetting mode and capillarity-governed droplet mobility (Bond number < 0.055) as well as the large specific volume of condensed droplets, which contributes to the enhanced condensation heat transfer. Our design provides a feasible alternative for efficiently transferring heat in a vapor environment with relatively high temperatures through the tunable multiscale morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kim Meow Liew
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Mezzasalma SA, Grassi L, Grassi M. Physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes in view of mechanistic neuroscience investigations. Some outlook from condensed matter, materials science and physical chemistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112480. [PMID: 34857266 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The open border between non-living and living matter, suggested by increasingly emerging fields of nanoscience interfaced to biological systems, requires a detailed knowledge of nanomaterials properties. An account of the wide spectrum of phenomena, belonging to physical chemistry of interfaces, materials science, solid state physics at the nanoscale and bioelectrochemistry, thus is acquainted for a comprehensive application of carbon nanotubes interphased with neuron cells. This review points out a number of conceptual tools to further address the ongoing advances in coupling neuronal networks with (carbon) nanotube meshworks, and to deepen the basic issues that govern a biological cell or tissue interacting with a nanomaterial. Emphasis is given here to the properties and roles of carbon nanotube systems at relevant spatiotemporal scales of individual molecules, junctions and molecular layers, as well as to the point of view of a condensed matter or materials scientist. Carbon nanotube interactions with blood-brain barrier, drug delivery, biocompatibility and functionalization issues are also regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A Mezzasalma
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Materials Physics Division, Bijeniška cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund University, IDEON Building, Delta 5, Scheelevägen 19, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Human Eye Optics within a Non-Euclidian Geometrical Approach and Some Implications in Vision Prosthetics Design. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020215. [PMID: 33557081 PMCID: PMC7913825 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An analogy with our previously published theory on the ionospheric auroral gyroscope provides a new perspective in human eye optics. Based on cone cells’ real distribution, we model the human eye macula as a pseudospherical surface. This allows the rigorous description of the photoreceptor cell densities in the parafoveal zones modeled further by an optimized paving method. The hexagonal photoreceptors’ distribution has been optimally projected on the elliptical pseudosphere, thus designing a prosthetic array counting almost 7000 pixel points. Thanks to the high morphological similarities to a normal human retina, the visual prosthesis performance in camera-free systems might be significantly improved.
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Wang H, Li S, Wang Y, Wang H, Shen X, Zhang M, Lu H, He M, Zhang Y. Bioinspired Fluffy Fabric with In Situ Grown Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrasensitive Wearable Airflow Sensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908214. [PMID: 32009282 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, electronic skin and smart textiles have attracted considerable attention. Flexible sensors, as a kind of indispensable components of flexible electronics, have been extensively studied. However, wearable airflow sensors capable of monitoring the environment airflow in real time are rarely reported. Herein, by mimicking the spider's fluff, an ultrasensitive and flexible all-textile airflow sensor based on fabric with in situ grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is developed. The fabric decorated with fluffy-like CNTs possesses exceptionally large contact area, endowing the airflow sensor with superior properties including ultralow detection limit (≈0.05 m s-1 ), multiangle airflow differential response (0°-90°), and fast response time (≈1.3 s). Besides, the fluffy fabric airflow sensor can be combined with a pristine fabric airflow sensor to realize highly sensitive detection in a wide airflow range (0.05-7.0 m s-1 ). Its potential applications including transmitting information according to Morse code by blowing the sensors, monitoring increasing and decreasing airflow velocity, and alerting blind people walking outside about potential hazard induced by nearby fast-moving objects are demonstrated. Furthermore, the airflow sensor can be directly integrated into clothing as stylish designs without sacrificing comfortness. It is believed that the ultrasensitive all-textile airflow sensor holds great promise for applications in smart textiles and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Maoshuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Rago I, Rauti R, Bevilacqua M, Calaresu I, Pozzato A, Cibinel M, Dalmiglio M, Tavagnacco C, Goldoni A, Scaini D. Carbon Nanotubes, Directly Grown on Supporting Surfaces, Improve Neuronal Activity in Hippocampal Neuronal Networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800286. [PMID: 32627414 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified surfaces unequivocally demonstrate their biocompatibility and ability to boost the electrical activity of neuronal cells cultured on them. Reasons for this effect are still under debate. However, the intimate contact at the membrane level between these thready nanostructures and cells, in combination with their unique electrical properties, seems to play an important role. The entire existing literature exploiting the effect of CNTs on modulating cellular behavior deals with cell cultures grown on purified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) deposited on a supporting surface via drop-casting or mechanical entrapment. Here, for the first time, it is demonstrated that CNTs directly grown on a supporting silicon surface by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-assisted technique have the same effect. It is shown that primary neuronal cells developed above a carpet of CVD CNTs form a healthy and functional network. The resulting neuronal network shows increased electrical activity when compared to a similar network developed on a control glass surface. The low cost and high versatility of the here presented CVD-based synthesis process, together with the possibility to create on supporting substrate patterns of any arbitrary shape of CNTs, open up new opportunities for brain-machine interfaces or neuroprosthetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Rago
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuela Bevilacqua
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,CNR-ICCOM, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivo Calaresu
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pozzato
- ThunderNIL srl, Via Foscolo 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy.,IOM-CNR Area Science Park, Basovizza, S.S. 14, km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Cibinel
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Dalmiglio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tavagnacco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Denis Scaini
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.,Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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10
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Effect of Hydrogen Concentration on the Growth of Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Gecko-Inspired Adhesive Applications. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7120221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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