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Yang W, Chen J, Zhao Z, Wu M, Gong L, Sun Y, Huang C, Yan B, Zeng H. Recent advances in fabricating injectable hydrogels via tunable molecular interactions for bio-applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:332-349. [PMID: 37987037 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02105j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels with three-dimensional structures have been widely applied in various applications because of their tunable structures, which can be easily tailored with desired functionalities. However, the application of hydrogel materials in bioengineering is still constrained by their limited dosage flexibility and the requirement of invasive surgical procedures. Compared to traditional hydrogels, injectable hydrogels, with shear-thinning and/or in situ formation properties, simplify the implantation process and reduce tissue invasion, which can be directly delivered to target sites using a syringe injection, offering distinct advantages over traditional hydrogels. These injectable hydrogels incorporate physically non-covalent and/or dynamic covalent bonds, granting them self-healing abilities to recover their structural integrity after injection. This review summarizes our recent progress in preparing injectable hydrogels and discusses their performance in various bioengineering applications. Moreover, the underlying molecular interaction mechanisms that govern the injectable and functional properties of hydrogels were characterized by using nanomechanical techniques such as surface forces apparatus (SFA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The remaining challenges and future perspectives on the design and application of injectable hydrogels are also discussed. This work provides useful insights and guides future research directions in the field of injectable hydrogels for bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Yang
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Ziqian Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Lu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Yimei Sun
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Charley Huang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Bin Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Dong L, Huang C, Zhao B, Hu G, Huang Y, Zhang X, Hu X, Wang Y, Qian W, Luo G. A pH/enzyme dual responsive PMB spatiotemporal release hydrogel promoting chronic wound repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:213. [PMID: 37420287 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressing persistent multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and excessive inflammation is the key for treating chronic wounds. Therefore, developing a microenvironment-responsive material with good biodegradability, drug-loading, anti-infection, and anti-inflammatory properties is desired to boost the chronic wounds healing process; however, using ordinary assembly remains a defect. Herein, we propose a pH/enzyme dual-responsive polymyxin B (PMB) spatiotemporal-release hydrogel (GelMA/OSSA/PMB), namely, the amount of OSSA and PMB released from GelMA/OSSA/PMB was closely related the wound pH and the enzyme concentration changing. The GelMA/OSSA/PMB showed better biosafety than equivalent free PMB, owing to the controlled release of PMB, which helped kill planktonic bacteria and inhibit biofilm activity in vitro. In addition, the GelMA/OSSA/PMB exhibited excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. A MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused infection was effectively resolved by the GelMA/OSSA/PMB hydrogel in vivo, thereby significantly boosting wound closure during the inflammatory phase. Furthermore, GelMA/OSSA/PMB accelerated the sequential phases of wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Dong
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Zhao
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyun Hu
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Yi S, Liu Q, Luo Z, He JJ, Ma HL, Li W, Wang D, Zhou C, Garciamendez CE, Hou L, Zhang J, Zhang YS. Micropore-Forming Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Bioink Toolbox 2.0: Designable Tunability and Adaptability for 3D Bioprinting Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106357. [PMID: 35607752 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that tissue engineering scaffolds that feature highly interconnected and size-adjustable micropores are oftentimes desired to promote cellular viability, motility, and functions. Unfortunately, the ability of precise control over the microporous structures within bioinks in a cytocompatible manner for applications in 3D bioprinting is generally lacking, until a method of micropore-forming bioink based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was reported recently. This bioink took advantage of the unique aqueous two-phase emulsion (ATPE) system, where poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) droplets are utilized as the porogen. Considering the limitations associated with this very initial demonstration, this article has furthered the understanding of the micropore-forming GelMA bioinks by conducting a systematic investigation into the additional GelMA types (porcine and fish, different methacryloyl-modification degrees) and porogen types (PEO, poly(vinyl alcohol), and dextran), as well as the effects of the porogen concentrations and molecular weights on the properties of the GelMA-based ATPE bioink system. This article exemplifies not only the significantly wider range of micropore sizes achievable and better emulsion stability, but also the improved suitability for both extrusion and digital light processing bioprinting with favorable cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Yi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zeyu Luo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jacqueline Jialu He
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hui-Lin Ma
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wanlu Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Di Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carlos Ezio Garciamendez
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Linxi Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Kittel Y, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Translating Therapeutic Microgels into Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101989. [PMID: 34826201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are crosslinked, water-swollen networks with a 10 nm to 100 µm diameter and can be modified chemically or biologically to render them biocompatible for advanced clinical applications. Depending on their intended use, microgels require different mechanical and structural properties, which can be engineered on demand by altering the biochemical composition, crosslink density of the polymer network, and the fabrication method. Here, the fundamental aspects of microgel research and development, as well as their specific applications for theranostics and therapy in the clinic, are discussed. A detailed overview of microgel fabrication techniques with regards to their intended clinical application is presented, while focusing on how microgels can be employed as local drug delivery materials, scavengers, and contrast agents. Moreover, microgels can act as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration application. Finally, an overview of microgels is given, which already made it into pre-clinical and clinical trials, while future challenges and chances are discussed. This review presents an instructive guideline for chemists, material scientists, and researchers in the biomedical field to introduce them to the fundamental physicochemical properties of microgels and guide them from fabrication methods via characterization techniques and functionalization of microgels toward specific applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kittel
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) University Hospital RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany
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Wang J, Xu W, Qian J, Wang Y, Hou G, Suo A. Photo-crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogel as a biomimic extracellular matrix to recapitulate in vivo features of breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112159. [PMID: 34687973 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
2D cell culture is widely utilized to develop anti-cancer drugs and to explore the mechanisms of cancer tumorigenesis and development. However, the findings obtained from 2D culture often fail to provide guidance for clinical tumor treatments since it cannot precisely replicate the features of real tumors. 3D tumor models capable of recapitulating native tumor microenvironments have been proved to be a promising alternative technique. Herein, we constructed a breast tumor model from novel hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel which was prepared through photocrosslinking of methacrylated HA. The hydrogel was used as a biomimetic extracellular matrix to incubate MCF-7 cells. It was found that methacrylation degree had great effects on hydrogel's microstructure, mechanical performances, and liquid-absorbing and degradation abilities. Optimized hydrogel exhibited highly porous morphology, high equilibrium swelling ratio, suitable mechanical properties, and hyaluronidase-responsive degradation behavior. The results demonstrated that the HA hydrogel facilitated MCF-7 cell proliferation and growth in an aggregation manner. Furthermore, 3D-cultured MCF-7 cells not only up-regulated the expression of VEGF, bFGF and interleukin-8 but exhibited greater invasion and tumorigenesis capabilities compared with 2D-cultured cells. Therefore, the HA hydrogel is a reliable substitute for tumor model construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Weijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guanghui Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Aili Suo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Babu S, Albertino F, Omidinia Anarkoli A, De Laporte L. Controlling Structure with Injectable Biomaterials to Better Mimic Tissue Heterogeneity and Anisotropy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002221. [PMID: 33951341 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration of sensitive tissues calls for injectable scaffolds, which are minimally invasive and offer minimal damage to the native tissues. However, most of these systems are inherently isotropic and do not mimic the complex hierarchically ordered nature of the native extracellular matrices. This review focuses on the different approaches developed in the past decade to bring in some form of anisotropy to the conventional injectable tissue regenerative matrices. These approaches include introduction of macroporosity, in vivo pattering to present biomolecules in a spatially and temporally controlled manner, availability of aligned domains by means of self-assembly or oriented injectable components, and in vivo bioprinting to obtain structures with features of high resolution that resembles native tissues. Toward the end of the review, different techniques to produce building blocks for the fabrication of heterogeneous injectable scaffolds are discussed. The advantages and shortcomings of each approach are discussed in detail with ideas to improve the functionality and versatility of the building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Babu
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 Aachen 52074 Germany
- DWI‐Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 Aachen 52074 Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstrasse 29 Heidelberg 69120 Germany
| | - Filippo Albertino
- DWI‐Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | | | - Laura De Laporte
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 Aachen 52074 Germany
- DWI‐Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 Aachen 52074 Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstrasse 29 Heidelberg 69120 Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS) University Hospital RWTH Aachen Forckenbeckstrasse 55 Aachen 52074 Germany
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Rahman MS, Hasan MS, Nitai AS, Nam S, Karmakar AK, Ahsan MS, Shiddiky MJA, Ahmed MB. Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1345. [PMID: 33924089 PMCID: PMC8074295 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising cellulose derivatives. Due to its characteristic surface properties, mechanical strength, tunable hydrophilicity, viscous properties, availability and abundance of raw materials, low-cost synthesis process, and likewise many contrasting aspects, it is now widely used in various advanced application fields, for example, food, paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, biomedical engineering, wastewater treatment, energy production, and storage energy production, and storage and so on. Many research articles have been reported on CMC, depending on their sources and application fields. Thus, a comprehensive and well-organized review is in great demand that can provide an up-to-date and in-depth review on CMC. Herein, this review aims to provide compact information of the synthesis to the advanced applications of this material in various fields. Finally, this article covers the insights of future CMC research that could guide researchers working in this prominent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md. Saif Hasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Ashis Sutradhar Nitai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA;
| | - Aneek Krishna Karmakar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Md. Shameem Ahsan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC) and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia;
| | - Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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Gelatin-Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid) Hydrogel as a Potential Adhesive for Repair of Intervertebral Disc Annulus Fibrosus: Evaluation of Cytocompatibility and Degradability. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E243-E249. [PMID: 33475276 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An in vitro experimental study testing a Gelatin-poly (γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel for disc repair. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cytocompatibility and degradability of the above mentioned hydrogel for intervertebral disc annular fibrosis (AF) repair. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA No repair strategies for correcting annular defects in lumbar discectomy have been clinically well recognized. Exogenous supplementation of regenerative materials to fill defects is a minimally invasive way to restore compromised mechanical properties. The injected materials, most commonly gelatin-based materials with cross-linking agents, serve as sealants and as a scaffold for incorporating biomaterials for augmentation. However, cytotoxicity of hydrogel crosslinking agents is of concern in developing viable materials. METHODS This in vitro experimental study evaluated a newly developed gelatin-based hydrogel for intervertebral disc AF repair. Mechanical strength was augmented by γ-PGA, and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was used for material crosslinking. Isolated bovine tail intervertebral discs (IVDs) were used to test the hydrogel, and hydrogel surface monolayer AF cell culture was used to investigate efficacy in hydrogel constructs of different EDC concentrations. Cell metabolic activity was evaluated with Alamar blue assay, cell viability assay with live/dead stain, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and double strain DNA were quantified to evaluate proliferation of implanted cells and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. RESULTS EDC concentrations from 10 to 40 mM resulted in significant decreases in AF cell proliferation without obvious influence on cell viability. Higher EDC concentrations resulted in decreased percentage of Alamar blue reduction and GAG and DNA concentration, but did not affect GAG/DNA and live-dead ratios. Degradation tests revealed that higher EDC concentrations decreased the hydrogel degradation rate. CONCLUSION The developed gelatin-poly (γ-PGA) hydrogel with 20 mM EDC concentration provides an effective gap-filling biomaterial with good cytocompatibility, suggesting substantial promise for use as a sealant for small AF defects.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Chun YY, Yap ZL, Seet LF, Chan HH, Toh LZ, Chu SWL, Lee YS, Wong TT, Tan TTY. Positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel-siSPARC injectable for siRNA anti-scarring therapy in post glaucoma filtration surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1470. [PMID: 33446775 PMCID: PMC7809290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy is a promising epigenetic silencing strategy. However, its widespread adoption has been severely impeded by its ineffective delivery into the cellular environment. Here, a biocompatible injectable gelatin-based hydrogel with positive-charge tuned surface charge is presented as an effective platform for siRNA protection and delivery. We demonstrate a two-step synthesis of a gelatin-tyramine (Gtn-Tyr) hydrogel with simultaneous charge tunability and crosslinking ability. We discuss how different physiochemical properties of the hydrogel interact with siSPARC (siRNA for secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine), and study the positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel as an effective delivery platform for siSPARC in anti-fibrotic treatment. Through in vitro studies using mouse tenon fibroblasts, the positive-charge tuned Gtn-Tyr hydrogel shows sustained siSPARC cellular internalization and effective SPARC silencing with excellent biocompatibility. Similarly, the same hydrogel platform delivering siSPARC in an in vivo assessment employing a rabbit model shows an effective reduction in subconjunctival scarring in post glaucoma filtration surgery, and is non-cytotoxic compared to a commonly used anti-scarring agent, mitomycin-C. Overall, the current siRNA delivery strategy involving the positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel shows effective delivery of gene silencing siSPARC for anti-fibrotic treatment. The current charge tunable hydrogel delivery system is simple to fabricate and highly scalable. We believe this delivery platform has strong translational potential for effective siRNA delivery and epigenetic silencing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao Chun
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Ocular Imaging, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Zhu Li Yap
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Li Fong Seet
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Hiok Hong Chan
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Li Zhen Toh
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Stephanie W L Chu
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ying Shi Lee
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Tina T Wong
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, Singapore, 639977, Singapore.
| | - Timothy T Y Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
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Ma J, Huang C. Composition and Mechanism of Three-Dimensional Hydrogel System in Regulating Stem Cell Fate. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:498-518. [PMID: 32272868 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel systems integrating different types of stem cells and scaffolding biomaterials have an important application in tissue engineering. The biomimetic hydrogels that pattern cell suspensions within 3D configurations of biomaterial networks allow for the transport of bioactive factors and mimic the stem cell niche in vivo, thereby supporting the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. The composition of a 3D hydrogel system determines the physical and chemical characteristics that regulate stem cell function through a biological mechanism. Here, we discuss the natural and synthetic hydrogel compositions that have been employed in 3D scaffolding, focusing on their characteristics, fabrication, biocompatibility, and regulatory effects on stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms of cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell interaction in stem cell activities in various types of 3D hydrogel systems. Understanding hydrogel compositions and their cellular mechanisms can yield insights into how scaffolding biomaterials and stem cells interact and can lead to the development of novel hydrogel systems of stem cells in tissue engineering and stem cell-based regenerative medicine. Impact statement Three-dimensional hydrogel system of stem cell mimicking the stemcell niche holds significant promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exactly how hydrogel composition regulates stem cell fate is not well understood. This review focuses on the composition of hydrogel, and how the hydrogel composition and its properties regulate the stem cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. We propose that cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell interaction are important regulatory mechanisms in stem cell activities. Our review provides key insights into how the hydrogel composition regulates the stem cell fate, untangling the engineering of three-dimensional hydrogel systems for stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Ma
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chengyang Huang
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Ye G, Wen Z, Wen F, Song X, Wang L, Li C, He Y, Prakash S, Qiu X. Mussel-inspired conductive Ti 2C-cryogel promotes functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and enhances repair of myocardial infarction. Theranostics 2020; 10:2047-2066. [PMID: 32104499 PMCID: PMC7019164 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Researches on conductive engineering cardiac patch (ECP) for myocardial infarction (MI) treatment have achieved some progress in the animal while the availability of traditional conductive materials in ECP is still limited because of their controversial cytotoxicity. Here we aim to introduce a novel hydrophilic biocompatible conductive material: MXene Ti2C and mussel-inspired dopamine into PEGDA-GelMA cryogel to construct a bio-functional ECP of which the property closes to natural heart for the repair of MI. Method: MXene Ti2C was etched from MAX Ti2AlC, then uniformly dispersed into the prepolymer composed with dopamine-N′, N′-methylene-bisacrylamide, methacrylate-gelatin, and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate by simple water bath sonication. The resilient conductive Ti2C-cryogel was fabricated by chemical cryogelation. The conductive ECP was evaluated in vitro and transplanted to the MI rat model for MI treatment. Results: In vitro, the 3D vessels-shape framework was observed in Ti2C-8-cryogel which was seeded with rats aortic endothelial cells. When the Ti2C-cryogels were cocultured with CMs, remarkably aligned sarcomere and the primitive intercalated disc between the mature CMs were formed on day 7. The as-prepared Ti2C-8-cryogel ECP also demonstrated rapid calcium transients and synchronous tissue-like beating. When transplanted into the infarcted heart of the MI rat model, the Ti2C-8-cryogel ECP could improve the cardiac function, reduce the infarct size, and inhibit the inflammatory response. Obvious vasculation especially newly formed arteriole was also found. Conclusion: A novel conductive Ti2C-embedded cardiac patch with suitable conductivity and the mechanical property was developed and could be served as an ideal candidate for MI repair.
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12
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Cheng KW, Alhasan L, Rezk AR, Al-Abboodi A, Doran PM, Yeo LY, Chan PPY. Fast three-dimensional micropatterning of PC12 cells in rapidly crosslinked hydrogel scaffolds using ultrasonic standing waves. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab4cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Ai L, He H, Wang P, Cai R, Tao G, Yang M, Liu L, Zuo H, Zhao P, Wang Y. Rational Design and Fabrication of ZnONPs Functionalized Sericin/PVA Antimicrobial Sponge. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194796. [PMID: 31569598 PMCID: PMC6801402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interests of developing antimicrobial biomaterials based on silk sericin from Bombyx mori cocoon, have been shooting up in the last decades. Sericin is a valuable natural protein owing to its hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Here, we fabricated a sponge with antibacterial capacities for potential wound dressing application. By co-blending of sericin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), the ZnONPs-sericin/PVA composite sponge (ZnONPs-SP) was successfully prepared after freeze-drying. Scanning electron microscopy showed the porous structure of ZnONPs-SP. Energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated the existence of Zn in the sponge. X-ray diffractometry revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnONPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the biologic coupling of ZnONPs and sericin resulted in a decrease of α-helix and random coil contents, and an increase of β-sheet structure in the sponge. The swelling experiment suggested ZnONPs-SP has high porosity, good hydrophilicity, and water absorption capability. The plate bacterial colony counting coupled with growth curve assays demonstrated that the composite sponge has an efficiently bacteriostatic effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the cell compatibility analysis suggested the composite sponge has excellent cytocompatibility on NIH3T3 cells. In all, ZnONPs-SP composite sponge has significant potentials in biomaterials such as wound dressing and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Ai
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Huawei He
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Rui Cai
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Gang Tao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Meirong Yang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liying Liu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hua Zuo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yejing Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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14
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Amagat Molas J, Chen M. Injectable PLCL/gelatin core-shell nanofibers support noninvasive 3D delivery of stem cells. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Tao G, Wang Y, Cai R, Chang H, Song K, Zuo H, Zhao P, Xia Q, He H. Design and performance of sericin/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel as a drug delivery carrier for potential wound dressing application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:341-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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A mussel-inspired carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel with enhanced adhesiveness through enzymatic crosslinking. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:462-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Al-Abboodi A, Zhang S, Al-Saady M, Ong JW, Chan PPY, Fu J. Printing
in situ
tissue sealant with visible-light-crosslinked porous hydrogel. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:045010. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab19fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Miri AK, Hosseinabadi HG, Cecen B, Hassan S, Zhang YS. Permeability mapping of gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:38-47. [PMID: 30126593 PMCID: PMC6148757 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of an efficient, customized spherical indentation-based testing method to systematically estimate the hydraulic permeability of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels fabricated in a wide range of mass concentrations and photocrosslinking conditions. Numerical simulations and Biot's theory of poroelasticity were implemented to calibrate our experimental data. We correlated elastic moduli and permeability coefficients with different GelMA concentrations and crosslinking densities. Our model could also predict drug release rates from the GelMA hydrogels and diffusion of biomolecules into the three-dimensional GelMA hydrogels. The results potentially provide a design map for choosing desired GelMA-based hydrogels for use in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, which may be further expanded to predicting the permeability behaviors of various other hydrogel types. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE GelMA hydrogels have attracted increasing attention in recent years as matrices for cell cultures and biomolecule delivery. This inexpensive polymer is derived from gelatin functionalized with methacryloyl groups that can be crosslinked by photochemical reactions. Here we report the development of an efficient, customized testing method to systematically estimate the hydraulic permeability of GelMA hydrogels. Hydraulic permeability indicates the resistance of GelMA hydrogels to the movement of saturated fluid. We used the model to measure the elastic moduli and permeability coefficients, providing a permeability map for various GelMA hydrogel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir K Miri
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hossein Goodarzi Hosseinabadi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O.B. 11155-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - Berivan Cecen
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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19
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Yang M, Wang Y, Tao G, Cai R, Wang P, Liu L, Ai L, Zuo H, Zhao P, Umar A, Mao C, He H. Fabrication of Sericin/Agrose Gel Loaded Lysozyme and Its Potential in Wound Dressing Application. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8040235. [PMID: 29652825 PMCID: PMC5923565 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sericin is a biomaterial resource for its significant biodegradability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and reactivity. Designing a material with superabsorbent, antiseptic, and non-cytotoxic wound dressing properties is advantageous to reduce wound infection and promote wound healing. Herein, we propose an environment-friendly strategy to obtain an interpenetrating polymer network gel through blending sericin and agarose and freeze-drying. The physicochemical characterizations of the sericin/agarose gel including morphology, porosity, swelling behavior, crystallinity, secondary structure, and thermal property were well characterized. Subsequently, the lysozyme loaded sericin/agarose composite gel was successfully prepared by the solution impregnation method. To evaluate the potential of the lysozyme loaded sericin/agarose gel in wound dressing application, we analyzed the lysozyme loading and release, antimicrobial activity, and cytocompatibility of the resulting gel. The results showed the lysozyme loaded composite gel had high porosity, excellent water absorption property, and good antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, the lysozyme loaded gel showed excellent cytocompatibility on NIH3T3 and HEK293 cells. So, the lysozyme loaded sericin/agarose gel is a potential alternative biomaterial for wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Gang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lisha Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hua Zuo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronics Devices (PCSED), Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Huawei He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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20
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Rose JC, De Laporte L. Hierarchical Design of Tissue Regenerative Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701067. [PMID: 29369541 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide shortage of organs fosters significant advancements in regenerative therapies. Tissue engineering and regeneration aim to supply or repair organs or tissues by combining material scaffolds, biochemical signals, and cells. The greatest challenge entails the creation of a suitable implantable or injectable 3D macroenvironment and microenvironment to allow for ex vivo or in vivo cell-induced tissue formation. This review gives an overview of the essential components of tissue regenerating scaffolds, ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic scale in a hierarchical manner. Further, this review elaborates about recent pivotal technologies, such as photopatterning, electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, or the assembly of micrometer-scale building blocks, which enable the incorporation of local heterogeneities, similar to most native extracellular matrices. These methods are applied to mimic a vast number of different tissues, including cartilage, bone, nerves, muscle, heart, and blood vessels. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in the last decade, it remains a hurdle to build biomaterial constructs in vitro or in vivo with a native-like structure and architecture, including spatiotemporal control of biofunctional domains and mechanical properties. New chemistries and assembly methods in water will be crucial to develop therapies that are clinically translatable and can evolve into organized and functional tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Rose
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 Aachen D‐52074 Germany
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21
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Preventing postoperative tissue adhesion using injectable carboxymethyl cellulose-pullulan hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:886-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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In situ formation of injectable and porous heparin-based hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:990-998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Sun H, Chen J, Han X, Liu H. Multi-responsive hydrogels with UCST- and LCST-induced shrinking and controlled release behaviors of rhodamine B. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 82:284-290. [PMID: 29025659 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
By using a disulfide-functionalized crosslinker, a pH- and thermo-responsive 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomer and a zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) monomer were conjugated to fabricate a multi-responsive P(DMAEMA-SS-SBMA) copolymeric hydrogel. Apparent UCST and LCST volume transitions were observed in the P(DMAEMA-SS-SBMA) hydrogels with equivalent weight fractions of monomers. Different pore size and response sensitivity of shrunken structures below UCST and above LCST were visualized by SEM images. The hydrogel exhibited a highly swollen state with a swelling ratio of 17.8 and a pore size of 106μm at 45°C, they deswelled unequally at 5°C with a compact surface with pore size of 30μm and a loose bulk with pore size of 83μm, while they deswelled uniformly at 65°C with dense shrunken structure with small pore size of 12μm. The dual-thermoresponsive hydrogel was promising in controlled drug release. The initial drug release was predominantly controlled by diffusion, and the long-term release was influenced by the swelling ratio. Below UCST, the relatively hydrophilic shrunken structure and slow diffusion had a synergistic effect on the sustained release. Above LCST, the fast diffusion and the rapid "off" effect of hydrophobic skin layer resulted in a burst release. Additionally, pH-tunable swelling and redox-sensitive degradation were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xia Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Honglai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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24
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Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Cheng KW, Chan PPY, Yeo LY. Acoustically-driven thread-based tuneable gradient generators. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2820-2828. [PMID: 27334420 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thread-based microfluidics offer a simple, easy to use, low-cost, disposable and biodegradable alternative to conventional microfluidic systems. While it has recently been shown that such thread networks facilitate manipulation of fluid samples including mixing, flow splitting and the formation of concentration gradients, the passive capillary transport of fluid through the thread does not allow for precise control due to the random orientation of cellulose fibres that make up the thread, nor does it permit dynamic manipulation of the flow. Here, we demonstrate the use of high frequency sound waves driven from a chip-scale device that drives rapid, precise and uniform convective transport through the thread network. In particular, we show that it is not only possible to generate a stable and continuous concentration gradient in a serial dilution and recombination network, but also one that can be dynamically tuned, which cannot be achieved solely with passive capillary transport. Additionally, we show a proof-of-concept in which such spatiotemporal gradient generation can be achieved with the entire thread network embedded in a three-dimensional hydrogel construct to more closely mimic the in vivo tissue microenvironment in microfluidic chemotaxis studies and cell culture systems, which is then employed to demonstrate the effect of such gradients on the proliferation of cells within the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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25
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Hartwell R, Chan B, Elliott K, Alnojeidi H, Ghahary A. Polyvinyl alcohol-graft-polyethylene glycol hydrogels improve utility and biofunctionality of injectable collagen biomaterials. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:035013. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/3/035013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Alhasan L, Qi A, Al-Abboodi A, Rezk A, Chan PP, Iliescu C, Yeo LY. Rapid Enhancement of Cellular Spheroid Assembly by Acoustically Driven Microcentrifugation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1013-1022. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alhasan
- Biotechnology & Biological Sciences, School of Applied Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aswan Al-Abboodi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amgad Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Peggy P.Y. Chan
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- Institute
of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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27
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Development of crosslinked methylcellulose hydrogels for soft tissue augmentation using an ammonium persulfate-ascorbic acid redox system. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:497-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Costantini M, Colosi C, Jaroszewicz J, Tosato A, Święszkowski W, Dentini M, Garstecki P, Barbetta A. Microfluidic Foaming: A Powerful Tool for Tailoring the Morphological and Permeability Properties of Sponge-like Biopolymeric Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23660-23671. [PMID: 26436204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ordered porous polymeric materials can be engineered to present highly ordered pore arrays and uniform and tunable pore size. These features prompted a number of applications in tissue engineering, generation of meta materials, and separation and purification of biomolecules and cells. Designing new and efficient vistas for the generation of ordered porous materials is an active area of research. Here we investigate the potential of microfluidic foaming within a flow-focusing (FF) geometry in producing 3D regular sponge-like polymeric matrices with tailored morphological and permeability properties. The challenge in using microfluidic systems for the generation of polymeric foams is in the high viscosity of the continuous phase. We demonstrate that as the viscosity of the aqueous solution increases, the accessible range of foam bubble fraction (Φb) and bubble diameter (Db) inside the microfluidic chip tend to narrow progressively. This effect limits the accessible range of geometric properties of the resulting materials. We further show that this problem can be rationally tackled by appropriate choice of the concentration of the polymer. We demonstrate that via such optimization, the microfluidic assisted synthesis of porous materials becomes a facile and versatile tool for generation of porous materials with a wide range of pore size and pore volume. Moreover, we demonstrate that the size of interconnects among pores-for a given value of the gas fraction-can be tailored through the variation of surfactant concentration. This, in turn, affects the permeability of the materials, a factor of key importance in flow-through applications and in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Colosi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology , 02507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessia Tosato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology , 02507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariella Dentini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrea Barbetta
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , 00185 Rome, Italy
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29
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Chun YY, Wang JK, Tan NS, Chan PPY, Tan TTY, Choong C. A Periosteum-Inspired 3D Hydrogel-Bioceramic Composite for Enhanced Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:276-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao Chun
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Jun Kit Wang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI); Nanyang Technological University; 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore 637141 Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Science; Nanyang Technological University; 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, A*STAR Singapore 138673 Singapore
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children Hospital; 100 Bukit Timah Road Singapore 229899
| | - Peggy Puk Yik Chan
- Department of Telecommunications Electrical Robotics and Biomedical Engineering; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication; Clayton 3168 Australia
| | - Timothy Thatt Yang Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Cleo Choong
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children Hospital; 100 Bukit Timah Road Singapore 229899
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
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Kuang R, Zhang Z, Jin X, Hu J, Gupte MJ, Ni L, Ma PX. Nanofibrous spongy microspheres enhance odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1993-2000. [PMID: 26138254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dentin regeneration is challenging due to its complicated anatomical structure and the shortage of odontoblasts. In this study, a novel injectable cell carrier, nanofibrous spongy microspheres (NF-SMS), is developed for dentin regeneration. Biodegradable and biocompatible poly(l-lactic acid)-block-poly(l-lysine) are synthesized and fabricated into NF-SMS using self-assembly and thermally induced phase separation techniques. It is hypothesized that NF-SMS with interconnected pores and nanofibers can enhance the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), compared to nanofibrous microspheres (NF-MS) without pore structure and conventional solid microspheres (S-MS) with neither nanofibers nor pore structure. During the first 9 d in culture, hDPSCs proliferate significantly faster on NF-SMS than on NF-MS or S-MS (p < 0.05). Following in vitro odontogenic induction, all the examined odontogenic genes (alkaline phosphatase content, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, collagen 1, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP)), calcium content, and DSPP protein content are found significantly higher in the NF-SMS group than in the control groups. Furthermore, 6 weeks after subcutaneous injection of hDPSCs and microspheres into nude mice, histological analysis shows that NF-SMS support superior dentin-like tissue formation compared to NF-MS or S-MS. Taken together, NF-SMS have great potential as an injectable cell carrier for dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Zhanpeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Xiaobing Jin
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Melanie J. Gupte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Longxing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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31
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Huang L, Wang Z, Wang L. Design and performance of a sericin-alginate interpenetrating network hydrogel for cell and drug delivery. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12374. [PMID: 26205586 PMCID: PMC4513302 DOI: 10.1038/srep12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alginate hydrogels have been extensively studied for tissue engineering applications, their utilization is limited by poor mechanical strength, rapid drug release, and a lack of cell adhesive ability. Aiming to improve these properties, we employ the interpenetrating hydrogel design rationale. Using alginate and sericin (a natural protein with many unique properties and a major component of silkworm silk), we develop an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel comprising interwoven sericin and alginate double networks. By adjusting the sericin-to-alginate ratios, IPNs' mechanical strength can be adjusted to meet stiffness requirements for various tissue repairs. The IPNs with high sericin content show increased stability during degradation, avoiding pure alginate's early collapse. These IPNs have high swelling ratios, benefiting various applications such as drug delivery. The IPNs sustain controlled drug release with the adjustable rates. Furthermore, these IPNs are adhesive to cells, supporting cell proliferation, long-term survival and migration. Notably, the IPNs inherit sericin's photoluminescent property, enabling bioimaging in vivo. Together, our study indicates that the sericin-alginate IPN hydrogels may serve as a versatile platform for delivering cells and drugs, and suggests that sericin may be a building block broadly applicable for generating IPN networks with other biomaterials for diverse tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshun Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Lei Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
- Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
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32
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Fan Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Li X. In situinjectable poly(γ-glutamic acid) based biohydrogel formed by enzymatic crosslinking. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University; Nanjing 210018 China
| | - Yemin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University; Nanjing 210018 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University; Nanjing 210018 China
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University; Nanjing 210018 China
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Abstract
This chapter describes the preparation of tissue engineered constructs by immobilizing chondrocytes in hydrogel with independently tunable porosity and mechanical properties. This chapter also presents the methods to characterize these tissue engineered constructs. The resulting tissue engineered constructs can be useful for the generation of cartilage tissue both in vitro and in vivo.
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34
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Abuelfilat AY, Kim Y, Miller P, Hoo SP, Li J, Chan P, Fu J. Bridging structure and mechanics of three-dimensional porous hydrogel with X-ray ultramicroscopy and atomic force microscopy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10942f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining phase contrast X-ray ultramicroscopy and nanoindentation with atomic force microscopy, the mechanics of individual hydrogel pores as well as their collective performance as a scaffold can be modelled and simulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Abuelfilat
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Y. Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - P. Miller
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - S. P. Hoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Hawthorn
- Australia
| | - J. Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - P. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Hawthorn
- Australia
| | - J. Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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35
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Fan Z, Zhang Y, Ji J, Li X. Hybrid polypeptide hydrogels produced via native chemical ligation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16490c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NCL crosslinked hybrid hydrogels composed of poly(γ-glutamic acid) and ε-poly-lysine have good biocompatibility and tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210018
- China
| | - Yemin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210018
- China
| | - Jinkai Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210018
- China
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210018
- China
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36
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Ruedinger F, Lavrentieva A, Blume C, Pepelanova I, Scheper T. Hydrogels for 3D mammalian cell culture: a starting guide for laboratory practice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:623-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Kim Y, Abuelfilat AY, Hoo SP, Al-Abboodi A, Liu B, Ng T, Chan P, Fu J. Tuning the surface properties of hydrogel at the nanoscale with focused ion irradiation. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8448-8456. [PMID: 25225831 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the site-specific machining capability of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) irradiation, we aim to tailor the surface morphology and physical attributes of biocompatible hydrogel at the nano/micro scale particularly for tissue engineering and other biomedical studies. Thin films of Gtn-HPA/CMC-Tyr hydrogels were deposited on a gold-coated substrate and were subjected to irradiation with a kiloelectronvolt (keV) gallium ion beam. The sputtering yield, surface morphology and mechanical property changes were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Monte Carlo simulations. The sputtering yield of the hydrogel was found to be approximately 0.47 μm(3) nC(-1) compared with Monte-Carlo simulation results of 0.09 μm(3) nC(-1). Compared to the surface roughness of the pristine hydrogel at approximately 2 nm, the average surface roughness significantly increased with the increase of ion fluence with measurements extended to 20 nm at 100 pC μm(-2). Highly packed submicron porous patterns were also revealed with AFM, while significantly decreased pore sizes and increased porosity were found with ion irradiation at oblique incidence. The Young's modulus of irradiated hydrogel determined using AFM force spectroscopy was revealed to be dependent on ion fluence. Compared to the original Young's modulus value of 20 MPa, irradiation elevated the value to 250 MPa and 350 MPa at 1 pC μm(-2) and 100 pC μm(-2), respectively. Cell culture studies confirmed that the irradiated hydrogel samples were biocompatible, and the generated nanoscale patterns remained stable under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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