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Zhou Q, Xiang J, Qiu N, Wang Y, Piao Y, Shao S, Tang J, Zhou Z, Shen Y. Tumor Abnormality-Oriented Nanomedicine Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10920-10989. [PMID: 37713432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicines responsive to the pathological abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are expected to overcome the biological limitations of conventional nanomedicines, enhance the therapeutic efficacies, and further reduce the side effects. This Review aims to quantitate the various pathological abnormalities in the TME, which may serve as unique endogenous stimuli for the design of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines, and to provide a broad and objective perspective on the current understanding of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines for cancer treatment. We dissect the typical transport process and barriers of cancer drug delivery, highlight the key design principles of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines designed to tackle the series of barriers in the typical drug delivery process, and discuss the "all-into-one" and "one-for-all" strategies for integrating the needed properties for nanomedicines. Ultimately, we provide insight into the challenges and future perspectives toward the clinical translation of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nasha Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yechun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Blum AP, Yin J, Lin HH, Oliver BA, Kammeyer JK, Thompson MP, Gilson MK, Gianneschi NC. Stimuli Induced Uptake of Protein-Like Peptide Brush Polymers. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103438. [PMID: 34811828 PMCID: PMC8861929 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we presented a strategy for packaging peptides as side-chains in high-density brush polymers. For this globular protein-like polymer (PLP) formulation, therapeutic peptides were shown to resist proteolytic degradation, enter cells efficiently and maintain biological function. In this paper, we establish the role charge plays in dictating the cellular uptake of these peptide formulations, finding that peptides with a net positive charge will enter cells when polymerized, while those formed from anionic or neutral peptides remain outside of cells. Given these findings, we explored whether cellular uptake could be selectively induced by a stimulus. In our design, a cationic peptide is appended to a sequence of charge-neutralizing anionic amino acids through stimuli-responsive cleavable linkers. As a proof-of-concept study, we tested this strategy with two different classes of stimuli, exogenous UV light and an enzyme (a matrix metalloproteinase) associated with the inflammatory response. The key finding is that these materials enter cells only when acted upon by the stimulus. This approach makes it possible to achieve delivery of the polymers, therapeutic peptides or an appended cargo into cells in response to an appropriate stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P Blum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093, La Jolla, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, NY 13323, Clinton, United States
| | - Jian Yin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093, La Jolla, United States
| | - Helen H Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, NY 13323, Clinton, United States
| | - Blayne A Oliver
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, NY 13323, Clinton, United States
| | - Jacquelin K Kammeyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093, La Jolla, United States
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 633 Clark St., IL, 60208, Evanston, United States
| | - Michael K Gilson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093, La Jolla, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 633 Clark St., IL, 60208, Evanston, United States
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3
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Han QJ, Lan XT, Wen Y, Zhang CZ, Cleary M, Sayyed Y, Huang G, Tuo X, Yi L, Xi Z, Li LY, Zhang QZ. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-Responsive Surface Charge-Reversible Nanocarrier to Enhance Endocytosis as Efficient Targeted Delivery System for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002143. [PMID: 33694329 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, that can be enriched in the tumor microenvironment and deliver the payloads into cancer cells, are desirable carriers for theranostic agents in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, efficient targeted delivery and enhanced endocytosis for probes and drugs in theranostics are still major challenges. Here, a nanoparticle, which is capable of charge reversal from negative to positive in response to matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in tumor microenvironment is reported. This nanoparticle is based on a novel charge reversible amphiphilic molecule consisting of hydrophobic oleic acid, MMP9-cleavable peptide, and glutamate-rich segment (named as OMPE). The OMPE-modified cationic liposome forms an intelligent anionic nanohybrid (O-NP) with enhanced endocytosis through surface charge reversal in response to MMP9 in vitro. Successfully, O-NP nanohybrid performs preferential accumulation and enhances the endocytosis in MMP9-expressing xenografted tumors in mouse models, which improve the sensitivity of diagnosis agents and the antitumor effects of drugs in vivo by overcoming their low solubility and/or nonspecific enrichment. These results indicate that O-NP can be a promising delivery platform for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ju Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chuan-Zeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Michael Cleary
- Laboratory Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yasra Sayyed
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Guangdong Huang
- Sino-science Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shanxi, 710018, China
| | - Xiaoling Tuo
- Sino-science Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shanxi, 710018, China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiang-Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Monitoring cell endocytosis of liposomes by real-time electrical impedance spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6371-6380. [PMID: 32451643 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation and understanding the effect of drug delivery in in vitro systems is fundamental in drug discovery. We present an assay based on real-time electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements that can be used to follow the internalisation and cytotoxic effect of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive liposome formulation loaded with oxaliplatin (OxPt) on colorectal cancer cells. The EIS response identified two different cellular processes: (i) a negative peak in the cell index (CI) within the first 5 h, due to onset of liposome endocytosis, followed by (ii) a subsequent CI increase, due to the reattachment of cells until the onset of cytotoxicity with a decrease in CI. Free OxPt or OxPt-loaded Stealth liposomes did not show this two-stage EIS response; the latter can be due to the fact that Stealth cannot be cleaved by MMPs and thus is not taken up by the cells. Real-time bright-field imaging supported the EIS data, showing variations in cell adherence and cell morphology after exposure to the different liposome formulations. A drastic decrease in cell coverage as well as rounding up of cells during the first 5 h of exposure to OxPt-loaded (MMP)-sensitive liposome formulation is reflected by the first negative EIS response, which indicates the onset of liposome endocytosis. Graphical abstract.
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5
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Wu Z, Chen B, Gan Z, Chen F, Luo X. Exogenous Vitamin C-Triggered Surface Charge Conversion of pH/Reduction-Responsive Micelles for the Enhanced Tumor-Specific Activity of Loaded Doxorubicin. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:954-964. [PMID: 31977226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effective accumulation at tumor sites and endocytosis by tumor cells for anticancer agents in carriers are essential in successful cancer therapy, and both of the processes are affected by the surface charge of drug carriers. In this study, vitamin C (VC) was employed as an "exogenous switch" to trigger the surface charge conversion of DOX-loaded micelles to obtain a better antitumor effect. T micelles formed by poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-ss-b-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PCL-PDEA-ss-PMPC) turned their ζ potentials from +1 mV to +18 mV under treatment of 20 mM VC, while the ζ potentials of control R micelles formed by PCL-ss-P(DEA-r-MPC) almost remained unchanged under the same condition. DOX-loaded T@DOX and R@DOX had high DLCs of 12% and 13.8%, respectively, and both showed an accelerated drug release in a reductive environment (10 mM GSH or 20 mM VC) at pH 5.0. Notably, due to the surface charge conversion and fast drug release triggered by VC, T@DOX/VC (T@DOX was pretreated by VC) showed an enhanced cytotoxicity and cellular uptake superior to T@DOX, R@DOX, and R@DOX/VC. T@DOX/VC also displayed the in vivo antitumor effect well, which was comparable to DOX·HCl but with less toxic side effects than DOX·HCl. In summary, VC as an exogenous trigger can induce a better antitumor effect of drug-loaded micelles with a suitable polymer structure by charge conversion, and T@DOX/VC has shown to be as a promising approach to achieve potent treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Gan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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6
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Johnsen KB, Burkhart A, Thomsen LB, Andresen TL, Moos T. Targeting the transferrin receptor for brain drug delivery. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 181:101665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Nemeth C, Fine A, Fatemi A. Translational challenges in advancing regenerative therapy for treating neurological disorders using nanotechnology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:60-67. [PMID: 31100303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The focus of regenerative therapies is to replace or enrich diseased or injured cells and tissue in an attempt to replenish the local environment and function, while slowing or halting further degeneration. Targeting neurological diseases specifically is difficult, due to the complex nature of the central nervous system, including the difficulty of bypassing the brain's natural defense systems. While cell-based regenerative therapies show promise in select tissues, preclinical and clinical studies have been largely unable to transfer these successes to the brain. Advancements in nanotechnologies have provided new methods of central nervous system access, drug and cell delivery, as well as new systems of cell maintenance and support that may bridge the gap between regenerative therapies and the brain. In this review, we discuss current regenerative therapies for neurological diseases, nanotechnology as nanocarriers, and the technical, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges that arise from inception to formulation of nanoparticle-regenerative therapies.
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8
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Yao Q, Kou L, Tu Y, Zhu L. MMP-Responsive 'Smart' Drug Delivery and Tumor Targeting. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:766-781. [PMID: 30032745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are major extracellular enzymes involved in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. MMPs are widely used as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Recently, MMPs have been investigated as robust tumor microenvironmental stimuli for 'smart' MMP-responsive drug delivery and tumor targeting and have shown great potential in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this article, we review the newly emerging MMP-responsive strategies and major MMP-responsive nanomaterials and nanocarriers used for tumor-targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents at the tissue, cellular, and intracellular levels. We also discuss the challenges and critical considerations in their development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
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Rajendrakumar SK, Uthaman S, Cho CS, Park IK. Trigger-Responsive Gene Transporters for Anticancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E120. [PMID: 28587119 PMCID: PMC5485767 DOI: 10.3390/nano7060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the current era of gene delivery, trigger-responsive nanoparticles for the delivery of exogenous nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), mRNA, siRNAs, and miRNAs, to cancer cells have attracted considerable interest. The cationic gene transporters commonly used are typically in the form of polyplexes, lipoplexes or mixtures of both, and their gene transfer efficiency in cancer cells depends on several factors, such as cell binding, intracellular trafficking, buffering capacity for endosomal escape, DNA unpacking, nuclear transportation, cell viability, and DNA protection against nucleases. Some of these factors influence other factors adversely, and therefore, it is of critical importance that these factors are balanced. Recently, with the advancements in contemporary tools and techniques, trigger-responsive nanoparticles with the potential to overcome their intrinsic drawbacks have been developed. This review summarizes the mechanisms and limitations of cationic gene transporters. In addition, it covers various triggers, such as light, enzymes, magnetic fields, and ultrasound (US), used to enhance the gene transfer efficiency of trigger-responsive gene transporters in cancer cells. Furthermore, the challenges associated with and future directions in developing trigger-responsive gene transporters for anticancer therapy are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kalash Rajendrakumar
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Chong Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
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Klauber TC, Laursen JM, Zucker D, Brix S, Jensen SS, Andresen TL. Delivery of TLR7 agonist to monocytes and dendritic cells by DCIR targeted liposomes induces robust production of anti-cancer cytokines. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:367-377. [PMID: 28153581 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immune escape is today recognized as an important cancer hallmark and is therefore a major focus area in cancer therapy. Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), which are central to creating a robust anti-tumor immune response and establishing an anti-tumorigenic microenvironment, are directly targeted by the tumor escape mechanisms to develop immunosuppressive phenotypes. Providing activated monocytes and DCs to the tumor tissue is therefore an attractive way to break the tumor-derived immune suppression and reinstate cancer immune surveillance. To activate monocytes and DCs with high efficiency, we have investigated an immunotherapeutic Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist delivery system comprising liposomes targeted to the dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR). We formulated the immune stimulating TLR7 agonist TMX-202 in the liposomes and examined the targeting of the liposomes as well as their immune activating potential in blood-derived monocytes, myeloid DCs (mDCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Monocytes and mDCs were targeted with high specificity over lymphocytes, and exhibited potent TLR7-specific secretion of the anti-cancer cytokines IL-12p70, IFN-α 2a, and IFN-γ. This delivery system could be a way to improve cancer treatment either in the form of a vaccine with co-formulated antigen or as an immunotherapeutic vector to boost monocyte and DC activity in combination with other treatment protocols such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cancer immunotherapy is a powerful new tool in the oncologist's therapeutic arsenal, with our increased knowledge of anti-tumor immunity providing many new targets for intervention. Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) are attractive targets for enhancing the anti-tumor immune response, but systemic delivery of immunomodulators has proven to be associated with a high risk of fatal adverse events due to the systemic activation of the immune system. We address this important obstacle by targeting the delivery of an immunomodulator, a Toll-like receptor agonist, to DCs and monocytes in the bloodstream. We thus focus the activation, potentially avoiding the above-mentioned adverse effects, and demonstrate greatly increased ability of the agonist to induce secretion of anti-cancer cytokines.
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Kuang H, Ku SH, Kokkoli E. The design of peptide-amphiphiles as functional ligands for liposomal anticancer drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:80-101. [PMID: 27539561 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal nanomedicine has led to clinically useful cancer therapeutics like Doxil and DaunoXome. In addition, peptide-functionalized liposomes represent an effective drug and gene delivery vehicle with increased cancer cell specificity, enhanced tumor-penetrating ability and high tumor growth inhibition. The goal of this article is to review the recently published literature of the peptide-amphiphiles that were used to functionalize liposomes, to highlight successful designs that improved drug and gene delivery to cancer cells in vitro, and cancer tumors in vivo, and to discuss the current challenges of designing these peptide-decorated liposomes for effective cancer treatment.
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12
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Robinson TM, Judd J, Ho ML, Suh J. Role of Tetra Amino Acid Motif Properties on the Function of Protease-Activatable Viral Vectors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2026-2033. [PMID: 29721519 PMCID: PMC5926792 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activatable viruses (PAV) based on adeno-associated virus have previously been generated for gene delivery to pathological sites characterized by elevated extracellular proteases. "Peptide locks", composed of a tetra-aspartic acid motif flanked by protease cleavage sequences, were inserted into the virus capsid to inhibit virus-host cell receptor binding and transduction. In the presence of proteases, the peptide locks are cleaved off the capsid, restoring the virus' ability to bind cells and deliver cargo. Although promising, questions remained regarding how the peptide locks prevented cell binding. In particular, it was unclear if the tetra-amino acid (4AA) motif blocks receptor binding via electrostatic repulsion or steric obstruction. To explore this question, we generated a panel of PAVs with lock designs incorporating altered 4AA motifs, each wielding various chemical properties (negative, positive, uncharged polar, and hydrophobic) and characterized the resultant PAV candidates. Notably, all mutants display reduced receptor binding and decreased transduction effciency in the absence of proteases, suggesting simple electrostatics between heparin and the D4 motif do not play an exclusive role in obstructing virus-receptor binding. Even small hydrophobic (A4) and uncharged polar (SGGS) motifs confer a reduction in heparin binding compared to the wild type. Furthermore, both uncharged polar N4 and Q4 mutants (comparable in size to the D4 and E4 motifs respectively, but lacking the negative charge) demonstrate partial ablation of heparin binding. Collectively, these results support a possible dual mechanism of PAV lock operation, where steric hindrance and electrostatics make nonredundant contributions to the disruption of virus-receptor interactions. Finally, because of high virus titer production and superior capsid stability, only the negatively charged 4AA motifs remain viable design choices for PAV construction. Future studies probing the structure-function relationship of PAVs will further expand its promise as a gene delivery vector able to target diseased tissues exhibiting elevated extracellular proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - J. Judd
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - M. L. Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - J. Suh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Andersen HH, Johnsen KB, Arendt-Nielsen L. On the prospect of clinical utilization of microRNAs as biomarkers or treatment of chronic pain. Exp Neurol 2016; 284:63-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Chen X, Liu L, Jiang C. Charge-reversal nanoparticles: novel targeted drug delivery carriers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:261-7. [PMID: 27471667 PMCID: PMC4951588 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spurred by significant progress in materials chemistry and drug delivery, charge-reversal nanocarriers are being developed to deliver anticancer formulations in spatial-, temporal- and dosage-controlled approaches. Charge-reversal nanoparticles can release their drug payload in response to specific stimuli that alter the charge on their surface. They can elude clearance from the circulation and be activated by protonation, enzymatic cleavage, or a molecular conformational change. In this review, we discuss the physiological basis for, and recent advances in the design of charge-reversal nanoparticles that are able to control drug biodistribution in response to specific stimuli, endogenous factors (changes in pH, redox gradients, or enzyme concentration) or exogenous factors (light or thermos-stimulation).
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Key Words
- Abs, integrin aVb3 mAbs
- B-PDEAEA, poly[(2-acryloyl) ethyl (p-boronic acid benzyl) diethylammonium bromide]
- BPS, bridged polysilsesquioxanexerogel
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CA4, combretastatin A4
- CAPL, charge reversible pullulan-based
- CHPNH2, cationic cholesteryl group–bearing pullulans
- CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose
- CPLAs, cationic polylactides
- Cancer therapy
- Charge-reversal nanoparticles
- Cit, citraconic anhydride
- Cya, cysteamine hydrochloride
- DAP, 2,3-diamino-propionate
- DCL, dimethyl maleamidic acid-ε-caprolactone
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DM, dimyristeroyl
- DMA, 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride
- DMPA, dimethylol propionic acid
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Drug delivery carriers
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GO, graphene oxide
- GSH, glutathione
- Glu, glutamic acid
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HEP, 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine
- HMP, p-hydroxylmethylenephenol
- His, histidine
- MG, microgels
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- MNP, magnetic nanoparticles
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanotechnology
- PAEP, poly(allyl ethylene phosphate)
- PAH, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride
- PBAE, poly(β-amino ester)
- PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone)
- PDADMAC, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEI, polyethylenimine
- PEO, poly(ethylene oxide)
- PK, protein kinase
- PLA, ploylactic acid
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLL, poly(l-lysine)
- PMA, poly(methacrylic acid)
- PS, pH sensitive
- PSS, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)
- PSSS, poly(styrene-co-4-styrene-sulfonate)
- PTX, paclitaxel
- PU, polyurethane
- PVPON, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Stimuli responsive
- TMA, 2-(mercaptoethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
- TUNA, thioundecyl-tetraethyleneglycolester-o-nitrobenzy-lethyldimethyl ammonium bromide
- pA-F, fluorescein-labeled polyanion
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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He X, Yu H, Bao X, Cao H, Yin Q, Zhang Z, Li Y. pH-Responsive Wormlike Micelles with Sequential Metastasis Targeting Inhibit Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:439-48. [PMID: 26711864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the main cause for the high mortality in breast cancer patients. Herein, we first report succinobucol-loaded pH-responsive wormlike micelles (PWMs) with sequential targeting capability to inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer. PWMs can in a first step be delivered specifically to the sites of metastases in the lungs and then enable the intracellular pH-stimulus responsive drug release in cancer cells to improve the anti-metastatic effect. PWMs are identified as nanofibrillar assemblies with a diameter of 19.9 ± 1.9 nm and a length within the 50-200 nm range, and exhibited pH-sensitive drug release behavior in response to acidic intracellular environments. Moreover, PWMs can obviously inhibit the migration and invasion abilities of metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells, and reduce the expression of the metastasis-associated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) at 400 ng mL(-1) of succinobucol. In particular, PWMs can induce a higher specific accumulation in lung and be specifically delivered to the sites of metastases in lung, thereby leading to an 86.6% inhibition on lung metastasis of breast cancer. Therefore, the use of sequentially targeting PWMs can become an encouraging strategy for specific targeting and effective treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu He
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xiaoyue Bao
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Haiqiang Cao
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Qi Yin
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yaping Li
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
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16
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Bruun J, Larsen TB, Jølck RI, Eliasen R, Holm R, Gjetting T, Andresen TL. Investigation of enzyme-sensitive lipid nanoparticles for delivery of siRNA to blood-brain barrier and glioma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5995-6008. [PMID: 26451106 PMCID: PMC4590347 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s87334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical applications of siRNA for treating disorders in the central nervous system require development of systemic stable, safe, and effective delivery vehicles that are able to cross the impermeable blood–brain barrier (BBB). Engineering nanocarriers with low cellular interaction during systemic circulation, but with high uptake in targeted cells, is a great challenge and is further complicated by the BBB. As a first step in obtaining such a delivery system, this study aims at designing a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) able to efficiently encapsulate siRNA by a combination of titratable cationic lipids. The targeted delivery is obtained through the design of a two-stage system where the first step is conjugation of angiopep to the surface of the LNP for targeting the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 expressed on the BBB. Second, the positively charged LNPs are masked with a negatively charged PEGylated (poly(ethylene glycol)) cleavable lipopeptide, which contains a recognition sequence for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of enzymes often expressed in the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory BBB conditions. Proteolytic cleavage induces PEG release, including the release of four glutamic acid residues, providing a charge switch that triggers a shift of the LNP charge from weakly negative to positive, thus favoring cellular endocytosis and release of siRNA for high silencing efficiency. This work describes the development of this two-stage nanocarrier-system and evaluates the performance in brain endothelial and glioblastoma cells with respect to uptake and gene silencing efficiency. The ability of activation by MMP-triggered dePEGylation and charge shift is demonstrated to substantially increase the uptake and the silencing efficiency of the LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bruun
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trine B Larsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus I Jølck
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Eliasen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- H Lundbeck A/S, Biologics and Pharmaceutical Science, Valby, Denmark
| | - Torben Gjetting
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Viricel W, Mbarek A, Leblond J. Switchable Lipids: Conformational Change for Fast pH-Triggered Cytoplasmic Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Viricel W, Mbarek A, Leblond J. Switchable Lipids: Conformational Change for Fast pH-Triggered Cytoplasmic Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12743-7. [PMID: 26189870 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of switchable lipids to improve the endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of cell-impermeable compounds. The system is based on a conformational reorganization of the lipid structure upon acidification, as demonstrated by NMR spectroscopic studies. When incorporated in a liposome formulation, the switchable lipids triggered bilayer destabilization through fusion even in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol). We observed 88 % release of sulforhodamine B in 15 min at pH 5, and the liposome formulations demonstrated high stability at pH 7.4 for several months. By using sulforhodamine B as a model of a highly polar drug, we demonstrated fast cytosolic delivery mediated by endosomal escape in HeLa cells, and no toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Viricel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec (Canada)
| | - Amira Mbarek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec (Canada)
| | - Jeanne Leblond
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec (Canada).
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