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Lei T, Yang Z, Li H, Qin M, Gao H. Interactions between nanoparticles and pathological changes of vascular in Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115219. [PMID: 38401847 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that vascular pathological changes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature occurs in the early course of AD, characterized by alterations in vascular morphology, diminished cerebral blood flow (CBF), impairment of the neurovascular unit (NVU), vasculature inflammation, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Vascular dysfunction not only facilitates the influx of neurotoxic substances into the brain, triggering inflammation and immune responses but also hampers the efflux of toxic proteins such as Aβ from the brain, thereby contributing to neurodegenerative changes in AD. Furthermore, these vascular changes significantly impact drug delivery and distribution within the brain. Therefore, developing targeted delivery systems or therapeutic strategies based on vascular alterations may potentially represent a novel breakthrough in AD treatment. This review comprehensively examines various aspects of vascular alterations in AD and outlines the current interactions between nanoparticles and pathological changes of vascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zixiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Omidian H, Babanejad N, Cubeddu LX. Nanosystems in Cardiovascular Medicine: Advancements, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1935. [PMID: 37514121 PMCID: PMC10386572 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite significant advancements in the development of pharmacological therapies, the challenges of targeted drug delivery to the cardiovascular system persist. Innovative drug-delivery systems have been developed to address these challenges and improve therapeutic outcomes in CVDs. This comprehensive review examines various drug delivery strategies and their efficacy in addressing CVDs. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, microparticles, and dendrimers are among the drug-delivery systems investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Specific strategies for targeted drug delivery, such as magnetic nanoparticles and porous stent surfaces, are also discussed. This review highlights the potential of innovative drug-delivery systems as effective strategies for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Luigi X Cubeddu
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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Oxidative Injury in Ischemic Stroke: A Focus on NADPH Oxidase 4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1148874. [PMID: 35154560 PMCID: PMC8831073 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1148874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Thus, it is urgent to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms and find new therapeutic strategies for its successful treatment. The relationship between oxidative stress and ischemic stroke is increasingly appreciated and attracting considerable attention. ROS serves as a source of oxidative stress. It is a byproduct of mitochondrial metabolism but primarily a functional product of NADPH oxidases (NOX) family members. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is most closely related to the formation of ROS during ischemic stroke. Its expression is significantly upregulated after cerebral ischemia, making it a promising target for treating ischemic stroke. Several drugs targeting NOX4, such as SCM-198, Iso, G-Rb1, betulinic acid, and electroacupuncture, have shown efficacy as treatments of ischemic stroke. MTfp-NOX4 POC provides a novel insight for the treatment of stroke. Combinations of these therapies also provide new approaches for the therapy of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the subcellular location, expression, and pathophysiological mechanisms of NOX4 in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies and related regulatory mechanisms for treating ischemic stroke. We further comment on the shortcomings of current NOX4-targeted therapy studies and the direction for improvement.
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Li L, Cheng SQ, Guo W, Cai ZY, Sun YQ, Huang XX, Yang J, Ji J, Chen YY, Dong YF, Cheng H, Sun XL. Oridonin prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury via promoting Nrf-2 pathway in ischaemic stroke. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9753-9766. [PMID: 34514714 PMCID: PMC8505855 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, a natural diterpenoid compound extracted from a Chinese herb, has been proved to exert anti‐oxidative stress effects in various disease models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of oridonin on oxidative stress‐induced endothelial injury in ischaemic stroke. We found oridonin repaired blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity presented with upregulation of tight junction proteins (TJ proteins) expression, inhibited the infiltration of periphery inflammatory cells and neuroinflammation and thereby reduced infarct volume in ischaemic stroke mice. Furthermore, our results showed that oridonin could protect against oxidative stress‐induced endothelial injury via promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf‐2). The specific mechanism could be the activation of AKT(Ser473)/GSK3β(Ser9)/Fyn signalling pathway. Our findings revealed the therapeutic effect and mechanism of oridonin in ischaemic stroke, which provided fundamental evidence for developing the extracted compound of Chinese herbal medicine into an innovative drug for ischaemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Qi Cheng
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cai
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Yun Chen
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Han L, Jiang C. Evolution of blood-brain barrier in brain diseases and related systemic nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2306-2325. [PMID: 34522589 PMCID: PMC8424230 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) strictly controls matter exchange between blood and brain, and severely limits brain penetration of systemically administered drugs, resulting in ineffective drug therapy of brain diseases. However, during the onset and progression of brain diseases, BBB alterations evolve inevitably. In this review, we focus on nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies designed based on BBB evolutions and related applications in various brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury and brain tumor. The advances on optimization of small molecules for BBB crossing and non-systemic administration routes (e.g., intranasal treatment) for BBB bypassing are not included in this review.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AMT, alpha-methyl-l-tryptophan
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BACE1, β-secretase 1
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BTB, blood–brain tumor barrier
- Blood–brain barrier
- Brain diseases
- Brain-targeting
- CMT, carrier-mediated transportation
- DTPA-Gd, Gd-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid
- Drug delivery systems
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- GLUT1, glucose transporter-1
- Gd, gadolinium
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- KATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channels
- KCa, calcium-dependent potassium channels
- LAT1, L-type amino acid transporter 1
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDLR, LDL receptor
- LFA-1, lymphocyte function associated antigen-1
- LRP1, LDLR-related protein 1
- MFSD2A, major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a
- MMP9, metalloproteinase-9
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PEG, polyethyleneglycol
- PEG-PLGA, polyethyleneglycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen
- RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products
- RBC, red blood cell
- RMT, receptor-mediated transcytosis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
- TJ, tight junction
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZO1, zona occludens 1
- siRNA, short interfering RNA
- tPA, tissue plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 512 65882089.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yang H, Luo Y, Hu H, Yang S, Li Y, Jin H, Chen S, He Q, Hong C, Wu J, Wan Y, Li M, Li Z, Yang X, Su Y, Zhou Y, Hu B. pH-Sensitive, Cerebral Vasculature-Targeting Hydroxyethyl Starch Functionalized Nanoparticles for Improved Angiogenesis and Neurological Function Recovery in Ischemic Stroke. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100028. [PMID: 34028998 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, an essential restorative process following ischemia, is a promising therapeutic approach to improve neurological deficits. However, overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and effective drug enrichment are challenges for conventional drug delivery methods, which has limited the development of treatment strategies. Herein, a dual-targeted therapeutic strategy is reported to enable pH-sensitive drug release and allow cerebral ischemia targeting to improve stroke therapeutic efficacy. Targeted delivery is achieved by surface conjugation of Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn (PHSRN) peptides, which binds to integrin α5 β1 enriched in the cerebral vasculature of ischemic tissue. Subsequently, smoothened agonist (SAG), an activator of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, is coupled to PHSRN-HES by pH-dependent electrostatic adsorption. SAG@PHSRN-HES nanoparticles can sensitively release more SAG in the acidic environment of ischemic brain tissue. More importantly, SAG@PHSRN-HES exerts the synergistic mechanisms of PHSRN and SAG to promote angiogenesis and BBB integrity, thus improving neuroplasticity and neurological function recovery. This study proposes a new approach to improve the delivery of medications in the ischemic brain. Dual-targeted therapeutic strategies have excellent potential to treat patients suffering from cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Hang Hu
- School of Pharmacy Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 P. R. China
| | - Sibo Yang
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Huijuan Jin
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Shengcai Chen
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Quanwei He
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Candong Hong
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Jiehong Wu
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
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Hou W, Jiang Y, Xie G, Zhao L, Zhao F, Zhang X, Sun SK, Yu C, Pan J. Biocompatible BSA-MnO 2 nanoparticles for in vivo timely permeability imaging of blood-brain barrier and prediction of hemorrhage transformation in acute ischemic stroke. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8531-8542. [PMID: 33908561 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhage transformation (HT) is a frequent but maybe fatal complication following acute ischemic stroke due to severe damage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Quantitative BBB permeability imaging is a promising method to predict HT in stroke patients for a favorable prognosis. However, clinical gadolinium chelate-based magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the stroke suffers from a relatively low sensitivity and potential side effects of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and intracranial gadolinium deposition. Herein, BSA-MnO2 nanoparticles (BM NPs) fabricated by a facile disinfection-mimic method were employed for the permeability imaging of BBB in the stroke for the first time. The BM NPs showed a high T1 relaxivity (r1 = 5.9 mM-1 s-1), remarkable MR imaging ability, and good biocompatibility, allowing the noninvasive timely visualization of BBB permeability in the model rats of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Furthermore, increased peak intensity, extended imaging duration, and expanded imaging region indicated by BM NPs in MR imaging showed a good prediction for the onset of HT in MCAO rats. Therefore, BM NPs hold an attractive potential to be an alternative biocompatible MR contrast agent for the noninvasive BBB permeability imaging in vivo, benefiting the fundamental research of diverse neurological disorders and the clinical treatment for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Hou
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Yingzong Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Guangchao Xie
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Fangshi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. and School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Jinbin Pan
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Particle Detection and Characterization for Biopharmaceutical Applications: Current Principles of Established and Alternative Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111112. [PMID: 33228023 PMCID: PMC7699340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and characterization of particles in the visible and subvisible size range is critical in many fields of industrial research. Commercial particle analysis systems have proliferated over the last decade. Despite that growth, most systems continue to be based on well-established principles, and only a handful of new approaches have emerged. Identifying the right particle-analysis approach remains a challenge in research and development. The choice depends on each individual application, the sample, and the information the operator needs to obtain. In biopharmaceutical applications, particle analysis decisions must take product safety, product quality, and regulatory requirements into account. Biopharmaceutical process samples and formulations are dynamic, polydisperse, and very susceptible to chemical and physical degradation: improperly handled product can degrade, becoming inactive or in specific cases immunogenic. This article reviews current methods for detecting, analyzing, and characterizing particles in the biopharmaceutical context. The first part of our article represents an overview about current particle detection and characterization principles, which are in part the base of the emerging techniques. It is very important to understand the measuring principle, in order to be adequately able to judge the outcome of the used assay. Typical principles used in all application fields, including particle–light interactions, the Coulter principle, suspended microchannel resonators, sedimentation processes, and further separation principles, are summarized to illustrate their potentials and limitations considering the investigated samples. In the second part, we describe potential technical approaches for biopharmaceutical particle analysis as some promising techniques, such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), micro flow imaging (MFI), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), flow cytometry, and the space- and time-resolved extinction profile (STEP®) technology.
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Zhu Y, Liu C, Pang Z. Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Targeting. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E790. [PMID: 31783573 PMCID: PMC6995517 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neuroscience has made remarkable progress in understanding basic aspects of functional organization; it is a renowned fact that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) impedes the permeation and access of most drugs to central nervous system (CNS) and that many neurological diseases remain undertreated. Therefore, a number of nanocarriers have been designed over the past few decades to deliver drugs to the brain. Among these nanomaterials, dendrimers have procured an enormous attention from scholars because of their nanoscale uniform size, ease of multi-functionalization, and available internal cavities. As hyper-branched 3D macromolecules, dendrimers can be maneuvered to transport diverse therapeutic agents, incorporating small molecules, peptides, and genes; diminishing their cytotoxicity; and improving their efficacy. Herein, the present review will give exhaustive details of extensive researches in the field of dendrimer-based vehicles to deliver drugs through the BBB in a secure and effectual manner. It is also a souvenir in commemorating Donald A. Tomalia on his 80th birthday.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Medical Center, 3960 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chunying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
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Functional morphology of the blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 135:311-336. [PMID: 29411111 PMCID: PMC6781630 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adult quiescent blood–brain barrier (BBB), a structure organised by endothelial cells through interactions with pericytes, astrocytes, neurons and microglia in the neurovascular unit, is highly regulated but fragile at the same time. In the past decade, there has been considerable progress in understanding not only the molecular pathways involved in BBB development, but also BBB breakdown in neurological diseases. Specifically, the Wnt/β-catenin, retinoic acid and sonic hedgehog pathways moved into the focus of BBB research. Moreover, angiopoietin/Tie2 signalling that is linked to angiogenic processes has gained attention in the BBB field. Blood vessels play an essential role in initiation and progression of many diseases, including inflammation outside the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, the potential influence of CNS blood vessels in neurological diseases associated with BBB alterations or neuroinflammation has become a major focus of current research to understand their contribution to pathogenesis. Moreover, the BBB remains a major obstacle to pharmaceutical intervention in the CNS. The complications may either be expressed by inadequate therapeutic delivery like in brain tumours, or by poor delivery of the drug across the BBB and ineffective bioavailability. In this review, we initially describe the cellular and molecular components that contribute to the steady state of the healthy BBB. We then discuss BBB alterations in ischaemic stroke, primary and metastatic brain tumour, chronic inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease. Throughout the review, we highlight common mechanisms of BBB abnormalities among these diseases, in particular the contribution of neuroinflammation to BBB dysfunction and disease progression, and emphasise unique aspects of BBB alteration in certain diseases such as brain tumours. Moreover, this review highlights novel strategies to monitor BBB function by non-invasive imaging techniques focussing on ischaemic stroke, as well as novel ways to modulate BBB permeability and function to promote treatment of brain tumours, inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease. In conclusion, a deep understanding of signals that maintain the healthy BBB and promote fluctuations in BBB permeability in disease states will be key to elucidate disease mechanisms and to identify potential targets for diagnostics and therapeutic modulation of the BBB.
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Ohnishi M, Ochiai H, Matsuoka K, Akagi M, Nakayama Y, Shima A, Uda A, Matsuoka H, Kamishikiryo J, Michihara A, Inoue A. Claudin domain containing 1 contributing to endothelial cell adhesion decreases in presence of cerebellar hemorrhage. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2051-2058. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ochiai
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kohei Matsuoka
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Marina Akagi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuta Nakayama
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Akiho Shima
- Department of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Arisa Uda
- Department of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuoka
- Department of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Jun Kamishikiryo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Akihiro Michihara
- Department of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
| | - Atsuko Inoue
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuyama University; Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama Hiroshima Japan
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12
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Nanoscale effects in dendrimer-mediated targeting of neuroinflammation. Biomaterials 2016; 101:96-107. [PMID: 27267631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, mediated by activated microglia and astrocytes, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Systemically-administered dendrimers target neuroinflammation and deliver drugs with significant efficacy, without the need for ligands. Elucidating the nanoscale aspects of targeting neuroinflammation will enable superior nanodevices for eventual translation. Using a rabbit model of cerebral palsy, we studied the in vivo contributions of dendrimer physicochemical properties and disease pathophysiology on dendrimer brain uptake, diffusion, and cell specific localization. Neutral dendrimers move efficiently within the brain parenchyma and rapidly localize in glial cells in regions of injury. Dendrimer uptake is also dependent on the extent of blood-brain-barrier breakdown, glial activation, and disease severity (mild, moderate, or severe), which can lend the dendrimer to be used as an imaging biomarker for disease phenotype. This new understanding of the in vivo mechanism of dendrimer-mediated delivery in a clinically-relevant rabbit model provides greater opportunity for clinical translation of targeted brain injury therapies.
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Zheng S, Bai YY, Liu Y, Gao X, Li Y, Changyi Y, Wang Y, Chang D, Ju S, Li C. Salvaging brain ischemia by increasing neuroprotectant uptake via nanoagonist mediated blood brain barrier permeability enhancement. Biomaterials 2015; 66:9-20. [PMID: 26188608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of adult disability and cognitive impairment worldwide. Neuroprotective therapy aims to save neurons by impeding the deleterious ischemic insults. However, the low efficiency of the neuroprotectants crossing blood brain barrier (BBB) prevents their clinical translation. In this work, a nanoagonist (NA) was developed to enhance neuroprotectant uptake by specifically increasing BBB permeability in brain ischemia. This NA first targeted ischemic brain vasculatures, temporarily opened local BBB by activating adenosine 2A receptors, and up-regulated the neuroprotectant uptake in brain ischemia. This NA significantly increased the delivery of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a free radical scavenger, into mouse brain ischemia. The combined treatment of NA/SOD achieved a five-fold ischemic volume reduction rate compared to the animal models treated with SOD alone. Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the ischemia targeted BBB opening, increased brain drug delivery efficiency and up-regulated therapeutic response during the combined NA/SOD treatment. Since the inefficient brain drug delivery is a general problem for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, this work provides a novel strategy to deliver therapeutics by crossing BBB with high efficiency and targeting specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Ying Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yikang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinzhi Changyi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai 201203, China.
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Bai YY, Wang L, Peng XG, Wang YC, Chang D, Zheng S, Ding J, Li C, Ju S. Non-invasive monitoring of transplanted endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic ischemic stroke models. Biomaterials 2014; 40:43-50. [PMID: 25433605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are functionally impaired in hyperglycemia through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. However, the number and function of transplanted exogenous EPCs in diabetic animals remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to establish a non-invasive imaging strategy to monitor the homing of transplanted EPCs in diabetic stroke mice and to assess the effect of RWJ 67657, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, on the homing ability of exogenous EPCs. Bone marrow-derived EPCs were labeled in vitro with a multi-functional nanoprobe modified with paramagnetic chelators and fluorophores before being infused into stroke mice. The signal of the nanoprobe reached its peak on day 5 in both magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared fluorescence imaging after EPC transplantation in wild-type stroke models. The signal enhancement of diabetic stroke models was significantly lower than that of wild-type controls. However, the signal intensity of diabetic stroke models significantly increased after oral administration of RWJ 67657, indicating that more transplanted EPCs migrated to the ischemic brain. Furthermore, the increased exogenous EPCs induced remarkably greater angiogenesis after stroke. These results suggest that this dual-modal imaging strategy is feasible for non-invasively monitoring transplanted cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lishan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin-Gui Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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