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Zheng T, Gao H, Liu Y, Sun S, Guan W, Wu L, Yang Y, Li G. Development of ovalbumin implants with different spatial configurations for treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:401-415. [PMID: 38384987 PMCID: PMC10879707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) seriously affects the health and life of patients, and is an urgent clinical problem that needs to be resolved. Nerve implants prepared from various biomaterials have played a positive role in PNI, but the effect should be further improved and thus new biomaterials is urgently needed. Ovalbumin (OVA) contains a variety of bioactive components, low immunogenicity, tolerance, antimicrobial activity, non-toxicity and biodegradability, and has the ability to promote wound healing, cell growth and antimicrobial properties. However, there are few studies on the application of OVA in neural tissue engineering. In this study, OVA implants with different spatial structures (membrane, fiber, and lyophilized scaffolds) were constructed by casting, electrospinning, and freeze-drying methods, respectively. The results showed that the OVA implants had excellent physicochemical properties and were biocompatible without significant toxicity, and can promote vascularization, show good histocompatibility, without excessive inflammatory response and immunogenicity. The in vitro results showed that OVA implants could promote the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells, while the in vivo results confirmed that OVA implants (the E5/70% and 20 kV 20 μL/min groups) could effectively regulate the growth of blood vessels, reduce the inflammatory response and promote the repair of subcutaneous nerve injury. Further on, the high-throughput sequencing results showed that the OVA implants up-regulated differential expression of genes related to biological processes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, axon guidance, cellular adhesion junctions, and nerve regeneration in Schwann cells. The present study is expected to provide new design concepts and theoretical accumulation for the development of a new generation of nerve regeneration implantable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shaolan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wenchao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Linliang Wu
- The People's Hospital of Rugao, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226599, Nantong, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Pham HM, Tran SD. The Chicken Egg: An Advanced Material for Tissue Engineering. Biomolecules 2024; 14:439. [PMID: 38672456 PMCID: PMC11048217 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The chicken egg, an excellent natural source of proteins, has been an overlooked native biomaterial with remarkable physicochemical, structural, and biological properties. Recently, with significant advances in biomedical engineering, particularly in the development of 3D in vitro platforms, chicken egg materials have increasingly been investigated as biomaterials due to their distinct advantages such as their low cost, availability, easy handling, gelling ability, bioactivity, and provision of a developmentally stimulating environment for cells. In addition, the chicken egg and its by-products can improve tissue engraftment and stimulate angiogenesis, making it particularly attractive for wound healing and tissue engineering applications. Evidence suggests that the egg white (EW), egg yolk (EY), and eggshell membrane (ESM) are great biomaterial candidates for tissue engineering, as their protein composition resembles mammalian extracellular matrix proteins, ideal for cellular attachment, cellular differentiation, proliferation, and survivability. Moreover, eggshell (ES) is considered an excellent calcium resource for generating hydroxyapatite (HA), making it a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review will provide researchers with a concise yet comprehensive understanding of the chicken egg structure, composition, and associated bioactive molecules in each component and introduce up-to-date tissue engineering applications of chicken eggs as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Hieu M. Pham
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (H.M.P.)
- Department of Periodontology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (H.M.P.)
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Rezaei S, Imani R. Highly Absorbent Egg White/Carbomer-940 Hydrofilm as a Potential Diabetic Wound Dressing. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300353. [PMID: 37939368 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is the most critical problem in diabetic patients. Managing exudate in this kind of wound presents significant challenges in clinics. Advanced wound dressings serve as the most effective approach to managing DFU. Herein, a highly absorbent hydrofilm is presented through a combination of egg white (EW) and Carbomer-940, benefiting from the bioactivity of the EW component and superabsorption capacity of Carbomer-940. The crystallinity of samples rises due to the presence of Carbomer-940. Regarding the high water absorption capacity of Carbomer-940, the swelling ratio and water-holding capacity of samples are also improved via its incorporation of up to 1005%. In contrast, the transmission of water vapor and in vitro degradation rate decreases as Carbomer-940 powers the crystallinity of hydrofilms. Carbomer-940 incorporation in the EW structure accelerates protein release during the time, while this acceleration is partially compensated by the crystallization effect. The cell viability assay demonstrates no toxicity as well as high human foreskin fibroblast cell proliferation for the hybrid hydrofilm sample, where the cell migration is positively affected in the presence of the bioactive components extracted from the dressing. Taken together, the optimized hybrid hydrofilm could be suggested as a promising wound dressing for managing DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Rezaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
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4
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Wang HY, Zhao SX, Li JX, Zhang YQ. Silk Fibroin Improves the Biological Properties of Egg White-Based Bioink for the Bioprinting of Tissue Engineering Materials. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46685-46696. [PMID: 38107927 PMCID: PMC10720283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Egg white (EW) is a common nutritious food with excellent heat gelation and biocompatibility, but its application in biomaterials is considerably limited. Silk fibroin (SF) is a protein-based fiber with both excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and its application in biomaterials has attracted much attention. Here, the EW/SF composite scaffold was first synthesized with GMA-modified EW/SF composite bioink (G-EW/SF). When homogenized EW and SF were individually grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), the grafted EW (G-EW) and SF (G-SF) were mixed in different proportions and then added to I2959. The resulting G-EW/SF composite bioink could be bioprinted into various EW/SF composite scaffolds. Among them, the compressive modulus of EW/SF (50%) composite scaffolds incorporating 50% G-SF was significantly improved. It had a three-dimensional (3D) polypore structure with an average pore size of 61 μm and was mainly composed of β-sheet structures. Compared with the EW scaffold alone, the thermal decomposition temperature of the EW/SF scaffold was 10 °C higher, and the residual rate after 9 days of enzymatic hydrolysis had increased by about 18%. The scaffold prolonged the sustained release of insulin and promoted the adhesion, growth, and proliferation of the L-929 cells. Therefore, the EW/SF composite scaffolds with good cell proliferation ability and certain mechanical properties can be used in different applications including cells, drugs, and tissues. These results provide new prospects for the application of the EW protein to medical tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Stomatology
Department, The People’s Hospital
of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215000, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xiang Zhao
- School
of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Xin Li
- School
of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School
of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
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Dong X, Zhang YQ. A Novel Mechanically Robust and Biodegradable Egg White Hydrogel Membrane by Combined Unidirectional Nanopore Dehydration and Annealing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12661. [PMID: 37628842 PMCID: PMC10454319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A homogeneous egg white obtained by high-speed shearing and centrifugation was dehydrated into a fragile and water-soluble egg white glass (EWG) by unidirectional nanopore dehydration (UND). After EWG annealing, it can become an egg white hydrogel membrane (EWHM) that is water-insoluble, flexible, biocompatible, and mechanically robust. Its tensile strength, elongation at break, and the swelling ratio are about 5.84 MPa, 50-110%, and 60-130%, respectively. Protein structure analysis showed that UND caused the rearrangement of the protein molecules to form EWG with random coil and α-helix structures. The thermal decomposition temperature of the EWG was 309.25 °C. After EWG annealing at over 100 or 110 °C for 1.0 h or 45 min, the porous network EWHM was mainly composed of β-sheet structures, and the thermal decomposition temperature increased to 317.25-318.43 °C. Their 12-day residues in five proteases ranged from 1% to 99%, and the order was pepsin > neutral protease > papain > trypsin > alkaline protease. Mouse fibroblast L929 cells can adhere, grow, and proliferate well on these EWHMs. Therefore, the combined technology of UND and annealing for green and novel processing of EWHM has potential applications in the field of biomimetic and biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China;
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China;
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Li Q, Wang M, Jin Y, Lu Y, Xiong S, Wang M, Xu J, Wei C, Li J. Microfluidic synthesis of pH-responsive molecularly imprinted silica nanospheres for fluorescence sensing target glycoprotein. Food Chem 2023; 426:136570. [PMID: 37302304 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, fluorescent artificial antibodies for sensing ovalbumin in food were synthesized by molecular imprinting technique in a microfluidic reactor. A phenylboronic acid-functionalized silane was employed as the functional monomer to enable the polymer has pH-responsive property. Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (FMIPs) could be produced continuously in a short time. Both fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RB)-based FMIPs can specifically recognize the target ovalbumin, particularly FITC-based FMIP, giving an imprinting factor of 2.5 and cross-reactivity factors of 2.7 (ovotransferrin), 2.8 (β-lactoglobulin) and 3.4 (bovine serum albumin), and was applied for the detection of ovalbumin in milk powder with recovery rates of 93-110%; moreover, the FMIP can be reused at least four times. Such FMIPs have promising future in replacing the fluorophore-labelled antibodies to fabricate fluorescent sensing devices or establish immunoassay methods, which have extra merits of low-cost, high stability and recyclability, easy to carry and store at ambient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongling Lu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuqing Xiong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Chenhong Wei
- Anhui Costar Biochemical Co. LTD, Dangtu 243100, Anhui, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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7
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Surgical cotton microfibers loaded with proteins and apatite: A potential platform for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123812. [PMID: 36854368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as the best alternative to replacing damaged tissue/organs. However, the cost of scaffold materials continues to be a significant obstacle; thus, developing inexpensive scaffolds is strongly encouraged. In this study, cellulose microfibers (C), gelatin (G), egg white (EW), and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) were assembled into a quaternary scaffold using EDC-NHS crosslinking, followed by freeze-drying method. Cellulose microfibers as a scaffold have only received a limited amount of research due to the absence of an intrinsic three-dimensional structure. Gelatin, more likely to interact chemically with collagen, was used to provide a stable structure to the cellulose microfibers. EW was supposed to provide the scaffold with numerous cell attachment sites. nHA was chosen to enhance the scaffold's bone-bonding properties. Physico-chemical, mechanical, and biological characterization of scaffolds were studied. In-vitro using MG-63 cells and in-ovo studies revealed that all scaffolds were biocompatible. The results of the DPPH assay demonstrate the ability of CGEWnHA to reduce free radicals. The CGEWnHA scaffold exhibits the best properties with 56.84 ± 28.45 μm average pore size, 75 ± 1.4 % porosity, 39.23 % weight loss, 109.19 ± 0.98 kPa compressive modulus, and 1.72 Ca/P ratio. As a result, the constructed CGEWnHA scaffold appears to be a viable choice for BTE applications.
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Ding P, Wei Q, Tian N, Ding X, Wang L, Wang B, Okoro OV, Shavandi A, Nie L. Enzymatically crosslinked hydrogel based on tyramine modified gelatin and sialylated chitosan. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36322975 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac9f90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatically crosslinked hydrogel could replicate the cellular microenvironment for biomedical applications. In the present study, to improve the cytocompatibility of chitosan (CS), sialic acid (SA) was introduced to CS to synthesize sialylated CS (CS-SA), and the tyramine (TA) was grafted to gelatin (G) to obtain TA modified gelatin (G-TA). The successful synthesis of CS-SA and G-TA was confirmed using1H NMR and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The interpenetrating polymer networks G-TA/CS-SA (GC) hydrogel was then fabricated via blending G-TA and CS-SA solutions and crosslinked using horseradish peroxidase. The storage modulus (G') of the fabricated GC hydrogels with different ratios of G-TA/CS-SA greatly varied during the formation and strain of hydrogels. With the increase of CS-SA concentration from 0% to 2%, the storage modulus of GC hydrogels was also observed to decrease from 1500 Pa to 101 Pa; the water uptake capacity of GC hydrogels increased from 1000% to 4500%. Additionally, the cell counting kit-8 and fluorescent images demonstrated the excellent cytocompatibility of GC hydrogels after culturing with NIH 3T3 cells. The obtained results indicated that the fabricated GC hydrogels might have potential in biomedical fields, such as wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ding
- School of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China.,Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- School of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Tian
- School of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Ding
- School of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lei Nie
- School of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Electrospun egg white protein/polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide fibrous wound dressing: Fabrication, antibacterial, cytocompatibility and wound healing assay. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nour S, Imani R, Sharifi AM. Angiogenic Effect of a Nanoniosomal Deferoxamine-Loaded Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Egg White Film as a Promising Wound Dressing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3485-3497. [PMID: 35786844 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the noticeable increase in the number of patients with impaired wound healing capabilities, developing bioactive wound dressings with supportive physicomechanical and biological properties for clinical wound management has attracted much more attention nowadays. In this regard, engineered dressings with angiogenesis potential are vital for accelerated tissue regeneration. In the current study, nanoniosomal deferoxamine (DFO)-loaded transparent films of egg white-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA/EW/ND) were successfully fabricated at three different PVA/EW ratios (1:0, 1:1, and 1:1.5 wt/wt %) through the thin film hydration and solvent casting methods. The developed films' characterizations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, uniaxial tensile strength, water uptake, water vapor transmission rate, in vitro degradation, and drug release. The results demonstrated that the various weight ratios of PVA/EW have a significant effect on the microscopic morphology, equilibrium swelling, degradation, and mechanical properties of the films. The drug release profile exhibited a sustained release of DFO with controlled burst-lag phases resembling the Korsmeyer-Peppas pattern. The cytotoxicity and adhesion analysis using human dermal fibroblasts displays the biocompatibility of the developed PVA/EW/ND films and the formation of cellular colonies on the surface. The in vitro angiogenic capability of the developed films evaluated by the scratch wound assay and microbead-assisted tube formation study showed a significant increase in the rate of migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in the number of tube-like structures. Therefore, the achieved results suggest that the presented PVA/EW/ND film has promising potential for effective wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Nour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 15916-34311, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran.,Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Group (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Patty DJ, Nugraheni AD, Ana ID, Yusuf Y. Dual functional carbonate-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite from Pinctada maxima and egg-white for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1043-1062. [PMID: 35107394 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2036934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to design a 3D carbonate-hydroxyapatite (CHA)/sago (S) based egg white (EW) microstructure with antibacterial properties to improve the performance of bone grafts for bone tissue engineering. In this study, Pinctada maxima (P. maxima) shell was used as a calcium (Ca) source in CHA synthesis. The annealing temperature of CHA at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C affected microstructural and lattice parameters, with stoichiometry 1.72-1.77, and B-type CHA was identified. CHA/S with various concentrations of EW (10 and 30 wt.%) effectively increased pore size and porosity. XRD spectra confirmed that sago and EW in CHA nanocomposite stable the crystal structure. FTIR spectrum shows protein phosphorylation in CHA nanocomposite due to PO43- ion exchange. In-vitro bioactivity of CHA-S10 (MTT assay) showed increased cell viability and optical density (OD; 24-48 h) to control. Antibacterial activity of CHA-S10 and CHA/S (control) against bacteria associated with periodontal disease and bone infection (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [A. actinomycetemcomitans], Porphyromonas gingivalis [P. gingivalis], Fusobacterium nucleatum [F. nucleatum; gram negative], and Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus; gram positive]) by disc diffusion method showed that CHA-S10 and CHA/S had strong antibacterial activity. In conclusion, EW's properties had proven the CHA/S/EW as bone grafts, effectively increasing pore size, porosity, biocompatibility, and strong antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Julaidy Patty
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Ari Dwi Nugraheni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yusril Yusuf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Lv X, Huang X, Ma B, Chen Y, Batool Z, Fu X, Jin Y. Modification methods and applications of egg protein gel properties: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2233-2252. [PMID: 35293118 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Egg protein (EP) has a variety of functional properties, such as gelling, foaming, and emulsifying. The gel characteristics provide a foundation for applications in the food industry and research on EP. The proteins denature and aggregate to form a dense three-dimensional gel network structure, with a process influenced by protein concentration, pH, ion type, and strength. In addition, the gelation properties of EP can be altered to varying degrees by applying different treatment conditions to EP. Currently, modification methods for proteins include physical modification (heat-induced denaturation, freeze-thaw modification, high-pressure modification, and ultrasonic modification), chemical modification (glycosylation modification, phosphorylation modification, acylation modification, ethanol modification, polyphenol modification), and biological modification (enzyme modification). Pidan, salted eggs, egg tofu, and other egg products have unique sensory properties, due to the gel properties of EP. In accessions, EP has also been used as a new ingredient in food packaging and biopharmaceuticals due to its gel properties. This review will further promote EP gel research and provide guidance for its full application in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lv
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Huang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zahra Batool
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Fu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Guo L, Niu X, Chen X, Lu F, Gao J, Chang Q. 3D direct writing egg white hydrogel promotes diabetic chronic wound healing via self-relied bioactive property. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Patty DJ, Nugraheni AD, Ana ID, Yusuf Y. In vitro bioactivity of 3D microstructure hydroxyapatite/collagen based-egg white as an antibacterial agent. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1412-1424. [PMID: 35040555 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to design 3D scaffold hydroxyapatite (HA)/collagen (Coll) based egg-white (EW) as antibacterial properties. The calcium source in HA synthesis derived from the Pinctada maxima shell cultivated on Bali Island has proven biocompatibility, and the compressive strength exceeded human bone. HA synthesis by precipitation with heat treatment in oven-dried at 80°C (HA-80) and annealed at 900°C (HA-900), has crystallinity 48% and 85%, respectively, were used for scaffold design. The physicochemical properties of X-ray diffractometer spectra showed that increasing temperature affected the crystallinity and HA phase formed. Furthermore, the crystal structure of HA changed in nanocomposite due to the substitution of Coll and EW, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirmed that the absorption peak of the phosphate group (1027-1029 cm-1 ) decreased intensity, presumably by protein binding of EW and Coll. The cell viability of HA/Coll/EW in 24, 48, and 72 h incubation period was 112.34 ± 4.36, 104.89 ± 3.41, 72.88 ± 6.85, respectively. The decreases of cell viability due to high cell density and reduced nutrients in wells. Antibacterial activity of HA/Col/EW exhibited a strong zone of inhibition against bacteria causing periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Julaidy Patty
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Ari Dwi Nugraheni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yusril Yusuf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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15
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Mahdavi S, Amirsadeghi A, Jafari A, Niknezhad SV, Bencherif SA. Avian Egg: A Multifaceted Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:17348-17364. [PMID: 35317347 PMCID: PMC8935878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most components in avian eggs, offering a natural and environmentally friendly source of raw materials, hold great potential in tissue engineering. An avian egg consists of several beneficial elements: the protective eggshell, the eggshell membrane, the egg white (albumen), and the egg yolk (vitellus). The eggshell is mostly composed of calcium carbonate and has intrinsic biological properties that stimulate bone repair. It is a suitable precursor for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate, which are particularly relevant for bone tissue engineering. The eggshell membrane is a thin protein-based layer with a fibrous structure and is constituted of several valuable biopolymers, such as collagen and hyaluronic acid, that are also found in the human extracellular matrix. As a result, the eggshell membrane has found several applications in skin tissue repair and regeneration. The egg white is a protein-rich material that is under investigation for the design of functional protein-based hydrogel scaffolds. The egg yolk, mostly composed of lipids but also diverse essential nutrients (e.g., proteins, minerals, vitamins), has potential applications in wound healing and bone tissue engineering. This review summarizes the advantages and status of each egg component in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but also covers their current limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Mahdavi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armin Amirsadeghi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71348-51154, Iran
| | - Arman Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71348-51154, Iran
| | - Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02128, United States
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16
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Delkash Y, Gouin M, Rimbeault T, Mohabatpour F, Papagerakis P, Maw S, Chen X. Bioprinting and In Vitro Characterization of an Eggwhite-Based Cell-Laden Patch for Endothelialized Tissue Engineering Applications. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12030045. [PMID: 34449625 PMCID: PMC8395907 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging fabrication technique to create 3D constructs with living cells. Notably, bioprinting bioinks are limited due to the mechanical weakness of natural biomaterials and the low bioactivity of synthetic peers. This paper presents the development of a natural bioink from chicken eggwhite and sodium alginate for bioprinting cell-laden patches to be used in endothelialized tissue engineering applications. Eggwhite was utilized for enhanced biological properties, while sodium alginate was used to improve bioink printability. The rheological properties of bioinks with varying amounts of sodium alginate were examined with the results illustrating that 2.0-3.0% (w/v) sodium alginate was suitable for printing patch constructs. The printed patches were then characterized mechanically and biologically, and the results showed that the printed patches exhibited elastic moduli close to that of natural heart tissue (20-27 kPa) and more than 94% of the vascular endothelial cells survived in the examination period of one week post 3D bioprinting. Our research also illustrated the printed patches appropriate water uptake ability (>1800%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Delkash
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.C.)
| | - Maxence Gouin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- School of Engineering, Icam Site de Paris-Sénart, 34 Points de Vue, 77127 Lieusaint, France
| | - Tanguy Rimbeault
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- School of Engineering, Icam Site de Vendée, 28 Boulevard d’Angleterre, 85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Sean Maw
- Graham School of Professional Development, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.C.)
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17
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Mu X, Agostinacchio F, Xiang N, Pei Y, Khan Y, Guo C, Cebe P, Motta A, Kaplan DL. Recent Advances in 3D Printing with Protein-Based Inks. Prog Polym Sci 2021; 115:101375. [PMID: 33776158 PMCID: PMC7996313 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a transformative manufacturing strategy, allowing rapid prototyping, customization, and flexible manipulation of structure-property relationships. Proteins are particularly appealing to formulate inks for 3D printing as they serve as essential structural components of living systems, provide a support presence in and around cells and for tissue functions, and also provide the basis for many essential ex vivo secreted structures in nature. Protein-based inks are beneficial in vivo due to their mechanics, chemical and physical match to the specific tissue, and full degradability, while also to promoting implant-host integration and serving as an interface between technology and biology. Exploiting the biological, chemical, and physical features of protein-based inks can provide key opportunities to meet the needs of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite these benefits, protein-based inks impose nontrivial challenges to 3D printing such as concentration and rheological features and reconstitution of the structural hierarchy observed in nature that is a source of the robust mechanics and functions of these materials. This review introduces photo-crosslinking mechanisms and rheological principles that underpins a variety of 3D printing techniques. The review also highlights recent advances in the design, development, and biomedical utility of monolithic and composite inks from a range of proteins, including collagen, silk, fibrinogen, and others. One particular focus throughout the review is to introduce unique material characteristics of proteins, including amino acid sequences, molecular assembly, and secondary conformations, which are useful for designing printing inks and for controlling the printed structures. Future perspectives of 3D printing with protein-based inks are also provided to support the promising spectrum of biomedical research accessible to these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Francesca Agostinacchio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Ning Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Ying Pei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yousef Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Chengchen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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18
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Electrospun egg white/polyvinyl alcohol fiber dressing to accelerate wound healing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Dong X, Zhang YQ. An insight on egg white: From most common functional food to biomaterial application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1045-1058. [PMID: 33252178 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural egg white tis widely used as an ingredient in nutritional foods and for food processing. Due to its characteristic foaming, emulsification, adhesion, and gelation, and its heat setting, biocompatibility, and low cost, research into the application and development of egg white in biomaterials, especially medical biomaterials, have been receiving attention. The composition and characteristics of egg white protein, and the physical mixing and chemically cross-linking of egg white with other materials used to make degradable packaging films, bioceramics, bioplastics, biomimetic films, hydrogels, 3D scaffolds, bone regeneration, biopatterning, biosensors, and so forth, are reviewed in detail in this report. The novel egg white-based biomaterials in various forms and applications could be constructed mostly through physical treatments such as ultrasonic wave, ultraviolet, laser and other radiation or high-temperature calcination. Furthermore, the application and prospects for the use of egg white in biomaterials is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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20
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Charbonneau AM, Tran SD. 3D Cell Culture of Human Salivary Glands Using Nature-Inspired Functional Biomaterials: The Egg Yolk Plasma and Egg White. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4807. [PMID: 33126509 PMCID: PMC7672643 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The egg yolk plasma (EYP)-a translucent fraction of the egg yolk (EY) obtained by centrifugation-was tested as a developmentally encouraging, cost-effective, biomaterial for salivary gland (SG) tissue engineering. To find optimal incubating conditions for both the human NS-SV-AC SG acinar cell line and SG fibroblasts, cells were stained with Live/Dead®. The cellular contents of 96-well plates were analyzed by high content screening image analysis. Characteristically, the EYP biomaterial had lipid and protein content resembling the EY. On its own, the EYP was non-conducive to cell survival. EYP's pH of 6 mainly contributed to cell death. This was demonstrated by titrating EYP's pH with different concentrations of either commercial cell culture media, NaOH, or egg white (EW). These additives improved SG mesenchymal and epithelial cell survival. The best combinations were EYP diluted with (1) 70% commercial medium, (2) 0.02 M NaOH, or (3) 50% EW. Importantly, commercial medium-free growth was obtained with EYP + NaOH or EYP + EW. Furthermore, 3D cultures were obtained as a result of EW's gelatinous properties. Here, the isolation, characterization, and optimization of three EYP-based biomaterial combinations are shown; two were free of commercial medium or supplements and supported both SG cells' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada;
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21
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Nour S, Imani R, Chaudhry GR, Sharifi AM. Skin wound healing assisted by angiogenic targeted tissue engineering: A comprehensive review of bioengineered approaches. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:453-478. [PMID: 32985051 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin injuries and in particular, chronic wounds, are one of the major prevalent medical problems, worldwide. Due to the pivotal role of angiogenesis in tissue regeneration, impaired angiogenesis can cause several complications during the wound healing process and skin regeneration. Therefore, induction or promotion of angiogenesis can be considered as a promising approach to accelerate wound healing. This article presents a comprehensive overview of current and emerging angiogenesis induction methods applied in several studies for skin regeneration, which are classified into the cell, growth factor, scaffold, and biological/chemical compound-based strategies. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these angiogenic strategies along with related research examples are discussed in order to demonstrate their potential in the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Nour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Group (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Balaji P, Murugadas A, Ramkumar A, Thirumurugan R, Shanmugaapriya S, Akbarsha MA. Characterization of Hen's Egg White To Use It as a Novel Platform To Culture Three-Dimensional Multicellular Tumor Spheroids. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19760-19770. [PMID: 32803071 PMCID: PMC7424746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We are standardizing protocols to develop egg white (EW) as a cost-effective platform for culture of three-dimensional (3-D) multicellular tumor spheroids for application in understanding tumor microenvironments and drug screening. In this article, we describe several physical and physiological characteristics of EW to use it as 3-D cell culture platform. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of different microstructures. Hydrodynamic size distribution data indicated nano- and micron-sized particles. Rheological measurements revealed the viscosity and viscoelastic behavior appropriate for maintaining cell viability and supporting 3-D cell growth under high-sheer conditions. It was found that thereis no autofluorescence, a requirement for imparting transparency and for microscopic observations of the spheroids. The EW facilitated the development of 3-D tumor spheroids, with an emphasis of difference in cell proliferation and intercellular cytoskeletal organization between two-dimensional and 3-D spheroid cultures. Put together, EW proves to be a cost-affordable and simple platform for 3-D culture of tumor spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumalsamy Balaji
- Department of Biomedical
Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, India
- National
Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Anbazhagan Murugadas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- National
Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Arunachalam Ramkumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, India
- National
Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, India
- National
Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | | | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- National
College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620001, India
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp
Centre for Alternatives, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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23
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Designing vascular supportive albumen-rich composite bioink for organ 3D printing. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Mirdamadi ES, Kalhori D, Zakeri N, Azarpira N, Solati-Hashjin M. Liver Tissue Engineering as an Emerging Alternative for Liver Disease Treatment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:145-163. [PMID: 31797731 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases affect thousands of lives throughout the world every year. The shortage of liver donors for transplantation has been the main driving force to employ alternative methods such as liver tissue engineering (LTE) in fabricating a three-dimensional transplantable liver tissue or enhancing cell delivery techniques alleviating the need for liver donors. LTE consists of three components, cells, ECM (extracellular matrix), and signaling molecules, which we discuss the first and second. The three most common cell sources used in LTE are human and animal primary hepatocytes, and stem cells for different applications. Two major categories of ECM are used to mimic the microenvironment of these cells, named scaffolds and microbeads. Scaffolds have been made by numerous methods with a wide range of synthetic and natural biomaterials. Cell encapsulation has also been utilized by many polymeric biomaterials. To investigate their functions, many properties have been discussed in the literature, such as biochemical, geometrical, and mechanical properties, in both of these categories. Overall, LTE shows excellent potential in assisting hepatic disorders. However, some challenges exist that prevent the practical use of it clinically, making LTE an ongoing research subject in the scientific society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sadat Mirdamadi
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dianoosh Kalhori
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Zakeri
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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25
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Liu Y, Shao C, Bian F, Yu Y, Wang H, Zhao Y. Egg Component-Composited Inverse Opal Particles for Synergistic Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17058-17064. [PMID: 29701943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles have a demonstrated value in drug delivery systems. The attempts to develop this technology focus on the generation of functional microparticles by using innovative but accessible materials. Here, we present egg component-composited microparticles with a hybrid inverse opal structure for synergistic drug delivery. The egg component inverse opal particles were produced by using egg yolk to negatively replicate colloid crystal bead templates. Because of their huge specific surface areas, abundant nanopores, and complex nanochannels of the inverse opal structure, the resultant egg yolk particles could be loaded with different kinds of drugs, such as hydrophobic camptothecin (CPT), by simply immersing them into the corresponding drug solutions. Attractively, additional drugs, such as the hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX), could also be encapsulated into the particles through the secondary filling of the drug-doped egg white hydrogel into the egg yolk inverse opal scaffolds, which realized the synergistic drug delivery for the particles. It was demonstrated that the egg-derived inverse opal particles were with large quantity and lasting releasing for the CPT and DOX codelivery, and thus could significantly reduce cell viability, and enhance therapeutic efficacy in treating cancer cells. These features of the egg component-composited inverse opal microparticles indicated that they are ideal microcarriers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Changmin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Feika Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
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26
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Gaudiello E, Melly L, Cerino G, Boccardo S, Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Xu L, Eckstein F, Martin I, Kaufmann BA, Banfi A, Marsano A. Scaffold Composition Determines the Angiogenic Outcome of Cell-Based Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by Modulating Its Microenvironmental Distribution. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28994225 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of genetically modified cells overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a promising approach to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. The effect of the protein is strictly modulated by its interaction with the components of the extracellular matrix. Its therapeutic potential depends on a sustained but controlled release at the microenvironmental level in order to avoid the formation of abnormal blood vessels. In this study, it is hypothesized that the composition of the scaffold plays a key role in modulating the binding, hence the therapeutic effect, of the VEGF released by 3D-cell constructs. It is found that collagen sponges, which poorly bind VEGF, prevent the formation of localized hot spots of excessive concentration, therefore, precluding the development of aberrant angiogenesis despite uncontrolled expression by a genetically engineered population of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. On the contrary, after seeding on VEGF-binding egg-white scaffolds, the same cell population caused aberrantly enlarged vascular structures after 14 d. Collagen-based engineered tissues also induced a safe and efficient angiogenesis in both the patch itself and the underlying myocardium in rat models. These findings open new perspectives on the control and the delivery of proangiogenic stimuli, and are fundamental for the vascularization of engineered tissues/organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Gaudiello
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Melly
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefano Boccardo
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Beat A. Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
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Rajabi S, Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Ashtiani MK, Le Carrou G, Tajbakhsh S, Baharvand H. Effect of chemical immobilization of SDF-1α into muscle-derived scaffolds on angiogenesis and muscle progenitor recruitment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e438-e450. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Gilles Le Carrou
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Unit, CNRS URA 3738; Institut Pasteur Paris; Paris France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Unit, CNRS URA 3738; Institut Pasteur Paris; Paris France
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology; University of Science and Culture; Tehran Iran
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Regenerated egg white/silk fibroin composite films for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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29
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Liu Y, Huang Q, Wang J, Fu F, Ren J, Zhao Y. Microfluidic generation of egg-derived protein microcarriers for 3D cell culture and drug delivery. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1283-1290. [PMID: 36659457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcarriers have a demonstrated value for biomedical applications, in particular for drug delivery and three-dimensional cell culture. Attempts to develop this technique tend to focus on the fabrication of functional microparticles by using convenient methods with innovative but accessible materials. Inspired by the process of boiling eggs in everyday life, which causes the solidification of egg proteins, we present a new microfluidic "cooking" approach for the generation of egg-derived microcarriers for cell culture and drug delivery. As the egg emulsion droplets are formed with exquisite precision during the microfluidic emulsification, the resultant egg microcarriers present highly monodisperse and uniform morphologies at the size range of hundred microns to one millimeter. Benefiting from the excellent biocompatibility of the egg protein components, the obtained microcarriers showed good performances of cell adherence and growth. In addition, after a freezing treatment, the egg microcarriers were shown to have interconnected porous structures throughout their whole sphere, could absorb and load different kinds of drugs or other active molecules, and work as microcarrier-based delivery systems. These features point to the potential value of the microfluidic egg microcarriers in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Martin I, Scherberich A. Bimodal morphological analyses of native and engineered tissues. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:543-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Mumme M, Steinitz A, Nuss KM, Klein K, Feliciano S, Kronen P, Jakob M, von Rechenberg B, Martin I, Barbero A, Pelttari K. Regenerative Potential of Tissue-Engineered Nasal Chondrocytes in Goat Articular Cartilage Defects. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1286-1295. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mumme
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic for Traumatologic Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amir Steinitz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic for Traumatologic Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katja M. Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karina Klein
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Feliciano
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kronen
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Veterinary Anaesthesia Services–International (VAS), Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Jakob
- Clinic for Traumatologic Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Rodil A, Laca A, Paredes B, Rendueles M, Meana Á, Díaz M. Gels prepared from egg yolk and its fractions for tissue engineering. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1577-1583. [PMID: 27602804 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New biomaterials prepared from egg yolk and its main fractions (plasma and granules) have been developed for use in tissue engineering. Protein gels obtained via transglutaminase cross-linking were characterized by rheometry, texturometry and scanning electron microscopy. All the gels exhibited suitable physical and mechanical characteristics for use as potential biomaterials in skin regeneration. Specifically, results showed that these materials presented a compact, uniform structure, with granular gel being found to be the most resistant as well as the most elastic material. Accordingly, these gels were subsequently evaluated as scaffolds for murine fibroblast growth. The best results were obtained with granule gels. Not only adhesion and cell growth were detected when using these gels, but also continuous coatings of cells growing on their surface. These findings can be attributed to the higher protein content of this fraction and to the particular structure of its proteins. Thus, granules have proved to be an interesting potential raw material for scaffold development. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1577-1583, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodil
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Amanda Laca
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Benjamín Paredes
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Manuel Rendueles
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Álvaro Meana
- Community Center of Blood and Tissues of the Princedom of Asturias, C/Emilio Rodriguez Vigil s/n, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
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33
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Guo Z, Zhang T, Fang K, Dou J, Zhou N, Ma X, Gu N. The effects of macroporosity and stiffness of poly[(methyl vinyl ether)-alt-(maleic acid)] cross-linked egg white simulations of an aged extracellular matrix on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of macroporosity and stiffness of P(MVE-alt-MA) cross-linked EW simulations of an aged ECM on the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Tianzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Kun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Jun Dou
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Naizhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Xiaoe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
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