1
|
Lastraioli E, Fraser SP, Guzel RM, Iorio J, Bencini L, Scarpi E, Messerini L, Villanacci V, Cerino G, Ghezzi N, Perrone G, Djamgoz MBA, Arcangeli A. Neonatal Nav1.5 Protein Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer: Immunohistochemical Characterization and Clinical Evaluation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3832. [PMID: 34359733 PMCID: PMC8345135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) are expressed widely in human carcinomas and play a significant role in promoting cellular invasiveness and metastasis. However, human tissue-based studies and clinical characterization are lacking. In several carcinomas, including colorectal cancer (CRCa), the predominant VGSC is the neonatal splice variant of Nav1.5 (nNav1.5). The present study was designed to determine the expression patterns and clinical relevance of nNav1.5 protein in human CRCa tissues from patients with available clinicopathological history. The immunohistochemistry was made possible by the use of a polyclonal antibody (NESOpAb) specific for nNav1.5. The analysis showed that, compared with normal mucosa, nNav1.5 expression occurred in CRCa samples (i) at levels that were significantly higher and (ii) with a pattern that was more delineated (i.e., apical/basal or mixed). A surprisingly high level of nNav1.5 protein expression also occurred in adenomas, but this was mainly intracellular and diffuse. nNav1.5 showed a statistically significant association with TNM stage, highest expression being associated with TNM IV and metastatic status. Interestingly, nNav1.5 expression co-occurred with other biomarkers associated with metastasis, including hERG1, KCa3.1, VEGF-A, Glut1, and EGFR. Finally, univariate analysis showed that nNav1.5 expression had an impact on progression-free survival. We conclude (i) that nNav1.5 could represent a novel clinical biomarker ('companion diagnostic') useful to better stratify CRCa patients and (ii) that since nNav1.5 expression is functional, it could form the basis of anti-metastatic therapies including in combination with standard treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lastraioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (J.I.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Scott P. Fraser
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.P.F.); (R.M.G.)
| | - R. Mine Guzel
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.P.F.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Jessica Iorio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (J.I.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Lapo Bencini
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncologic Surgery and Robotics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.B.); (G.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Luca Messerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (J.I.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Villanacci
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncologic Surgery and Robotics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.B.); (G.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Niccolo’ Ghezzi
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncologic Surgery and Robotics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.B.); (G.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Pathology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, via A del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.P.F.); (R.M.G.)
- Cyprus International University, Biotechnology Research Centre, Haspolat, Mersin 10, Cyprus
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (J.I.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mytsyk M, Cerino G, Reid G, Sole LG, Eckstein FS, Santer D, Marsano A. Long-Term Severe In Vitro Hypoxia Exposure Enhances the Vascularization Potential of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Engineered Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157920. [PMID: 34360685 PMCID: PMC8348696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for treating cardiac ischemia strongly depends on their paracrine-mediated effects and their engraftment capacity in a hostile environment such as the infarcted myocardium. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are a mixed population composed mainly of MSC and vascular cells, well known for their high angiogenic potential. A previous study showed that the angiogenic potential of SVF cells was further increased following their in vitro organization in an engineered tissue (patch) after perfusion-based bioreactor culture. This study aimed to investigate the possible changes in the cellular SVF composition, in vivo angiogenic potential, as well as engraftment capability upon in vitro culture in harsh hypoxia conditions. This mimics the possible delayed vascularization of the patch upon implantation in a low perfused myocardium. To this purpose, human SVF cells were seeded on a collagen sponge, cultured for 5 days in a perfusion-based bioreactor under normoxia or hypoxia (21% and <1% of oxygen tension, respectively) and subcutaneously implanted in nude rats for 3 and 28 days. Compared to ambient condition culture, hypoxic tension did not alter the SVF composition in vitro, showing similar numbers of MSC as well as endothelial and mural cells. Nevertheless, in vitro hypoxic culture significantly increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.001) and the number of proliferating cells (p < 0.00001). Moreover, compared to ambient oxygen culture, exposure to hypoxia significantly enhanced the vessel length density in the engineered tissues following 28 days of implantation. The number of human cells and human proliferating cells in hypoxia-cultured constructs was also significantly increased after 3 and 28 days in vivo, compared to normoxia. These findings show that a possible in vivo delay in oxygen supply might not impair the vascularization potential of SVF- patches, which qualifies them for evaluation in a myocardial ischemia model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myroslava Mytsyk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (G.C.); (G.R.); (L.G.S.); (F.S.E.); (D.S.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (G.C.); (G.R.); (L.G.S.); (F.S.E.); (D.S.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Reid
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (G.C.); (G.R.); (L.G.S.); (F.S.E.); (D.S.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laia Gili Sole
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (G.C.); (G.R.); (L.G.S.); (F.S.E.); (D.S.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich S. Eckstein
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (G.C.); (G.R.); (L.G.S.); (F.S.E.); (D.S.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Santer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (G.C.); (G.R.); (L.G.S.); (F.S.E.); (D.S.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (G.C.); (G.R.); (L.G.S.); (F.S.E.); (D.S.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-265-29-79
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Massai D, Pisani G, Isu G, Rodriguez Ruiz A, Cerino G, Galluzzi R, Pisanu A, Tonoli A, Bignardi C, Audenino AL, Marsano A, Morbiducci U. Bioreactor Platform for Biomimetic Culture and in situ Monitoring of the Mechanical Response of in vitro Engineered Models of Cardiac Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:733. [PMID: 32766218 PMCID: PMC7381147 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, relevant advances have been made in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs to be used as functional in vitro models for cardiac research or drug testing, and with the ultimate but still challenging goal of repairing the damaged myocardium. To support cardiac tissue generation and maturation in vitro, the application of biomimetic physical stimuli within dedicated bioreactors is crucial. In particular, cardiac-like mechanical stimulation has been demonstrated to promote development and maturation of cardiac tissue models. Here, we developed an automated bioreactor platform for tunable cyclic stretch and in situ monitoring of the mechanical response of in vitro engineered cardiac tissues. To demonstrate the bioreactor platform performance and to investigate the effects of cyclic stretch on construct maturation and contractility, we developed 3D annular cardiac tissue models based on neonatal rat cardiac cells embedded in fibrin hydrogel. The constructs were statically pre-cultured for 5 days and then exposed to 4 days of uniaxial cyclic stretch (sinusoidal waveform, 10% strain, 1 Hz) within the bioreactor. Explanatory biological tests showed that cyclic stretch promoted cardiomyocyte alignment, maintenance, and maturation, with enhanced expression of typical mature cardiac markers compared to static controls. Moreover, in situ monitoring showed increasing passive force of the constructs along the dynamic culture. Finally, only the stretched constructs were responsive to external electrical pacing with synchronous and regular contractile activity, further confirming that cyclic stretching was instrumental for their functional maturation. This study shows that the proposed bioreactor platform is a reliable device for cyclic stretch culture and in situ monitoring of the passive mechanical response of the cultured constructs. The innovative feature of acquiring passive force measurements in situ and along the culture allows monitoring the construct maturation trend without interrupting the culture, making the proposed device a powerful tool for in vitro investigation and ultimately production of functional engineered cardiac constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Massai
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pisani
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres Rodriguez Ruiz
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renato Galluzzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Pisanu
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tonoli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignardi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L Audenino
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mytsyk M, Isu G, Cerino G, Grapow MTR, Eckstein FS, Marsano A. Paracrine potential of adipose stromal vascular fraction cells to recover hypoxia-induced loss of cardiomyocyte function. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:132-142. [PMID: 30171703 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies show promising results in cardiac function recovery mostly through paracrine-mediated processes (as angiogenesis) in chronic ischemia. In this study, we aim to develop a 2D (two-dimensional) in vitro cardiac hypoxia model mimicking severe cardiac ischemia to specifically investigate the prosurvival paracrine effects of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell secretome released upon three-dimensional (3D) culture. For the 2D-cardiac hypoxia model, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM) were cultured for 5 days at < 1% (approaching anoxia) oxygen (O2 ) tension. Typical cardiac differentiation hallmarks and contractile ability were used to assess both the cardiomyocyte loss of functionality upon anoxia exposure and its possible recovery following the 5-day-treatment with SVF-conditioned media (collected following 6-day-perfusion-based culture on collagen scaffolds in either normoxia or approaching anoxia). The culture at < 1% O 2 for 5 days mimicked the reversible condition of hibernating myocardium with still living and poorly contractile CM (reversible state). Only SVF-medium conditioned in normoxia expressing a high level of the prosurvival hepatocyte-growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) allowed the partial recovery of the functionality of damaged CM. The secretome generated by SVF-engineered tissues showed a high paracrine potential to rescue the nonfunctional CM, therefore resulting in a promising patch-based treatment of specific low-perfused areas after myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myroslava Mytsyk
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin T R Grapow
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Occhetta P, Isu G, Lemme M, Conficconi C, Oertle P, Räz C, Visone R, Cerino G, Plodinec M, Rasponi M, Marsano A. A three-dimensional in vitro dynamic micro-tissue model of cardiac scar formation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018. [PMID: 29532839 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cardiac models able to mimic the fibrotic process are paramount to develop an effective anti-fibrosis therapy that can regulate fibroblast behaviour upon myocardial injury. In previously developed in vitro models, typical fibrosis features were induced by using scar-like stiffness substrates and/or potent morphogen supplementation in monolayer cultures. In our model, we aimed to mimic in vitro a fibrosis-like environment by applying cyclic stretching of cardiac fibroblasts embedded in three-dimensional fibrin-hydrogels alone. Using a microfluidic device capable of delivering controlled cyclic mechanical stretching (10% strain at 1 Hz), some of the main fibrosis hallmarks were successfully reproduced in 7 days. Cyclic strain indeed increased cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition (e.g. type-I-collagen, fibronectin) and its stiffness, forming a scar-like tissue with superior quality compared to the supplementation of TGFβ1 alone. Taken together, the observed findings resemble some of the key steps in the formation of a scar: (i) early fibroblast proliferation, (ii) later phenotype switch into myofibroblasts, (iii) ECM deposition and (iv) stiffening. This in vitro scar-on-a-chip model represents a big step forward to investigate the early mechanisms possibly leading later to fibrosis without any possible confounding supplementation of exogenous potent morphogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Occhetta
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Lemme
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland and Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Conficconi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland and Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Philipp Oertle
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Räz
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marija Plodinec
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Melly L, Cerino G, Frobert A, Cook S, Giraud MN, Carrel T, Tevaearai Stahel HT, Eckstein F, Rondelet B, Marsano A, Banfi A. Myocardial infarction stabilization by cell-based expression of controlled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor levels. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2580-2591. [PMID: 29478261 PMCID: PMC5908097 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) can induce normal or aberrant angiogenesis depending on the amount secreted in the microenvironment around each cell. Towards a possible clinical translation, we developed a Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)-based technique to rapidly purify transduced progenitors that homogeneously express a desired specific VEGF level from heterogeneous primary populations. Here, we sought to induce safe and functional angiogenesis in ischaemic myocardium by cell-based expression of controlled VEGF levels. Human adipose stromal cells (ASC) were transduced with retroviral vectors and FACS purified to generate two populations producing similar total VEGF doses, but with different distributions: one with cells homogeneously producing a specific VEGF level (SPEC), and one with cells heterogeneously producing widespread VEGF levels (ALL), but with an average similar to that of the SPEC population. A total of 70 nude rats underwent myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation and 2 weeks later VEGF-expressing or control cells, or saline were injected at the infarction border. Four weeks later, ventricular ejection fraction was significantly worsened with all treatments except for SPEC cells. Further, only SPEC cells significantly increased the density of homogeneously normal and mature microvascular networks. This was accompanied by a positive remodelling effect, with significantly reduced fibrosis in the infarcted area. We conclude that controlled homogeneous VEGF delivery by FACS-purified transduced ASC is a promising strategy to achieve safe and functional angiogenesis in myocardial ischaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Melly
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiac Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Frobert
- Department of Cardiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cook
- Department of Cardiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Thierry Carrel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik T Tevaearai Stahel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Rondelet
- Department of Cardiac Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Anna Marsano
- Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gaudiello E, Melly L, Cerino G, Boccardo S, Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Xu L, Eckstein F, Martin I, Kaufmann BA, Banfi A, Marsano A. Scaffold Composition Determines the Angiogenic Outcome of Cell-Based Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by Modulating Its Microenvironmental Distribution. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28994225 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of genetically modified cells overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a promising approach to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. The effect of the protein is strictly modulated by its interaction with the components of the extracellular matrix. Its therapeutic potential depends on a sustained but controlled release at the microenvironmental level in order to avoid the formation of abnormal blood vessels. In this study, it is hypothesized that the composition of the scaffold plays a key role in modulating the binding, hence the therapeutic effect, of the VEGF released by 3D-cell constructs. It is found that collagen sponges, which poorly bind VEGF, prevent the formation of localized hot spots of excessive concentration, therefore, precluding the development of aberrant angiogenesis despite uncontrolled expression by a genetically engineered population of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. On the contrary, after seeding on VEGF-binding egg-white scaffolds, the same cell population caused aberrantly enlarged vascular structures after 14 d. Collagen-based engineered tissues also induced a safe and efficient angiogenesis in both the patch itself and the underlying myocardium in rat models. These findings open new perspectives on the control and the delivery of proangiogenic stimuli, and are fundamental for the vascularization of engineered tissues/organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Gaudiello
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Melly
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefano Boccardo
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Beat A. Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Hebelstrasse 20 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Spitalstrasse 21 CH-4031 Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cerino G, Gaudiello E, Muraro MG, Eckstein F, Martin I, Scherberich A, Marsano A. Engineering of an angiogenic niche by perfusion culture of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14252. [PMID: 29079730 PMCID: PMC5660248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro recapitulation of an organotypic stromal environment, enabling efficient angiogenesis, is crucial to investigate and possibly improve vascularization in regenerative medicine. Our study aims at engineering the complexity of a vascular milieu including multiple cell-types, a stromal extracellular matrix (ECM), and molecular signals. For this purpose, the human adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), composed of a heterogeneous mix of pericytes, endothelial/stromal progenitor cells, was cultured under direct perfusion flow on three-dimensional (3D) collagen scaffolds. Perfusion culture of SVF-cells reproducibly promoted in vitro the early formation of a capillary-like network, embedded within an ECM backbone, and the release of numerous pro-angiogenic factors. Compared to static cultures, perfusion-based engineered constructs were more rapidly vascularized and supported a superior survival of delivered cells upon in vivo ectopic implantation. This was likely mediated by pericytes, whose number was significantly higher (4.5-fold) under perfusion and whose targeted depletion resulted in lower efficiency of vascularization, with an increased host foreign body reaction. 3D-perfusion culture of SVF-cells leads to the engineering of a specialized milieu, here defined as an angiogenic niche. This system could serve as a model to investigate multi-cellular interactions in angiogenesis, and as a module supporting increased grafted cell survival in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cerino
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Gaudiello
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuele Giuseppe Muraro
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Staubli SM, Cerino G, Gonzalez De Torre I, Alonso M, Oertli D, Eckstein F, Glatz K, Rodríguez Cabello JC, Marsano A. Control of angiogenesis and host response by modulating the cell adhesion properties of an Elastin-Like Recombinamer-based hydrogel. Biomaterials 2017; 135:30-41. [PMID: 28482232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The control of the in vivo vascularization of engineered tissue substitutes is essential in order to obtain either a rapid induction or a complete inhibition of the process (e.g. in muscles and hyaline-cartilage, respectively). Among the several polymers available, Elastin-Like Recombinamers (ELR)-based hydrogel stands out as a promising material for tissue engineering thanks to its viscoelastic properties, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. In this study, we hypothesized that varying the cell adhesion properties of ELR-hydrogels could modulate the high angiogenic potential of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, predominantly composed of endothelial/mural and mesenchymal cells. Human SVF cells, embedded in RGD-REDV-bioactivated or unmodified ELR-hydrogels, were implanted in rat subcutaneous pockets either immediately or upon 5-day-culture in perfusion-bioreactors. Perfusion-based culture enhanced the endothelial cell cord-like-organization and the release of pro-angiogenic factors in functionalized constructs. While in vivo vascularization and host cell infiltration within the bioactivated gels were highly enhanced, the two processes were strongly inhibited in non-functionalized SVF-based hydrogels up to 28 days. ELR-based hydrogels showed a great potential to determine the successful integration of engineered substitutes thanks to their capacity to finely control the angiogenic/inflammation process at the recipient site, even in presence of SVF cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Manuel Staubli
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Switzerland
| | - Israel Gonzalez De Torre
- G.I.R. BIOFORGE, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Technical Proteins NanoBiotechnology S.L., Valladolid, Spain
| | - Matilde Alonso
- G.I.R. BIOFORGE, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Oertli
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Glatz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boccardo S, Gaudiello E, Melly L, Cerino G, Ricci D, Martin I, Eckstein F, Banfi A, Marsano A. Engineered mesenchymal cell-based patches as controlled VEGF delivery systems to induce extrinsic angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:127-135. [PMID: 27469308 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Therapeutic over-expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) by transduced progenitors is a promising strategy to efficiently induce angiogenesis in ischemic tissues (e.g. limb muscle and myocardium), but tight control over the micro-environmental distribution of the dose is required to avoid induction of angioma-like tumors. Therapeutic VEGF release was achieved by purified transduced adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) that homogeneously produce specific VEGF levels, inducing only normal angiogenesis after injection in non-ischemic tissues. However, the therapeutic potential of this approach mostly in the cardiac field is limited by the poor cell survival and the restricted area of effect confined to the cell-injection site. The implantation of cells previously organized in vitro in 3D engineered tissues could overcome these issues. Here we hypothesized that collagen sponge-based construct (patch), generated by ASC expressing controlled VEGF levels, can function as delivery device to induce angiogenesis in surrounding areas (extrinsic vascularization). A 7-mm-thick acellular collagen scaffold (empty), sutured beneath the patch, provided a controlled and reproducible model to clearly investigate the ongoing angiogenesis in subcutaneous mice pockets. VEGF-expressing ASC significantly increased the capillary in-growth inside both the patch itself and the empty scaffold compared to naïve cells, leading to significantly improved survival of implanted cells. These data suggest that this strategy confers control (i) on angiogenesis efficacy and safety by means of ASC expressing therapeutic VEGF levels and (ii) over the treated area through the specific localization in an engineered collagen sponge-based patch. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Development of efficient pro-angiogenic therapies to restore the micro-vascularization in ischemic tissues is still an open issue. Although extensively investigated, the promising approach based on injections of progenitors transduced to over-express Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has still several limitations: (i) need of a tight control over the microenvironmental VEGF dose to avoid angioma-like tumor growth; (ii) poor implanted cell survival; (iii) effect area restricted mainly to the injection sites. Here, we aimed to overcome these drawbacks by generating a novel cell-based controlled VEGF delivery device. In particular, transduced mesenchymal cells, purified to release a sustained, safe and efficient VEGF dose, were organized in three-dimensional engineered tissues to improve cell survival and provide a uniform vascularization throughout both the mm-thick implanted constructs themselves and the surrounding area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Boccardo
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Gaudiello
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Melly
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ricci
- CTNSC, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Massai D, Isu G, Madeddu D, Cerino G, Falco A, Frati C, Gallo D, Deriu MA, Falvo D'Urso Labate G, Quaini F, Audenino A, Morbiducci U. A Versatile Bioreactor for Dynamic Suspension Cell Culture. Application to the Culture of Cancer Cell Spheroids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154610. [PMID: 27144306 PMCID: PMC4856383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile bioreactor suitable for dynamic suspension cell culture under tunable shear stress conditions has been developed and preliminarily tested culturing cancer cell spheroids. By adopting simple technological solutions and avoiding rotating components, the bioreactor exploits the laminar hydrodynamics establishing within the culture chamber enabling dynamic cell suspension in an environment favourable to mass transport, under a wide range of tunable shear stress conditions. The design phase of the device has been supported by multiphysics modelling and has provided a comprehensive analysis of the operating principles of the bioreactor. Moreover, an explanatory example is herein presented with multiphysics simulations used to set the proper bioreactor operating conditions for preliminary in vitro biological tests on a human lung carcinoma cell line. The biological results demonstrate that the ultralow shear dynamic suspension provided by the device is beneficial for culturing cancer cell spheroids. In comparison to the static suspension control, dynamic cell suspension preserves morphological features, promotes intercellular connection, increases spheroid size (2.4-fold increase) and number of cycling cells (1.58-fold increase), and reduces double strand DNA damage (1.5-fold reduction). It is envisioned that the versatility of this bioreactor could allow investigation and expansion of different cell types in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Denise Madeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Falco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diego Gallo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco A Deriu
- Istituto Dalle Molle di studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale, Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana, Università della Svizzera italiana, Manno, Switzerland
| | | | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Audenino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marsano A, Conficconi C, Lemme M, Occhetta P, Gaudiello E, Votta E, Cerino G, Redaelli A, Rasponi M. Beating heart on a chip: a novel microfluidic platform to generate functional 3D cardiac microtissues. Lab Chip 2016; 16:599-610. [PMID: 26758922 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, microfluidic-based technology has developed microscale models recapitulating key physical and biological cues typical of the native myocardium. However, the application of controlled physiological uniaxial cyclic strains on a defined three-dimension cellular environment is not yet possible. Two-dimension mechanical stimulation was particularly investigated, neglecting the complex three-dimensional cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. For this purpose, we developed a heart-on-a-chip platform, which recapitulates the physiologic mechanical environment experienced by cells in the native myocardium. The device includes an array of hanging posts to confine cell-laden gels, and a pneumatic actuation system to induce homogeneous uniaxial cyclic strains to the 3D cell constructs during culture. The device was used to generate mature and highly functional micro-engineered cardiac tissues (μECTs), from both neonatal rat and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM), strongly suggesting the robustness of our engineered cardiac micro-niche. Our results demonstrated that the cyclic strain was effectively highly uniaxial and uniformly transferred to cells in culture. As compared to control, stimulated μECTs showed superior cardiac differentiation, as well as electrical and mechanical coupling, owing to a remarkable increase in junction complexes. Mechanical stimulation also promoted early spontaneous synchronous beating and better contractile capability in response to electric pacing. Pacing analyses of hiPSC-CM constructs upon controlled administration of isoprenaline showed further promising applications of our platform in drug discovery, delivery and toxicology fields. The proposed heart-on-a-chip device represents a relevant step forward in the field, providing a standard functional three-dimensional cardiac model to possibly predict signs of hypertrophic changes in cardiac phenotype by mechanical and biochemical co-stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marsano
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, University Basel, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Chiara Conficconi
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, University Basel, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. and Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marta Lemme
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, University Basel, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. and Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Occhetta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Gaudiello
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, University Basel, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Emiliano Votta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, University Basel, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Building #21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cerino G, Gaudiello E, Grussenmeyer T, Melly L, Massai D, Banfi A, Martin I, Eckstein F, Grapow M, Marsano A. Three dimensional multi-cellular muscle-like tissue engineering in perfusion-based bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:226-36. [PMID: 26126766 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional tissue engineering strategies often rely on the use of a single progenitor cell source to engineer in vitro biological models; however, multi-cellular environments can better resemble the complexity of native tissues. Previous described co-culture models used skeletal myoblasts, as parenchymal cell source, and mesenchymal or endothelial cells, as stromal component. Here, we propose instead the use of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction cells, which include both mesenchymal and endothelial cells, to better resemble the native stroma. Percentage of serum supplementation is one of the crucial parameters to steer skeletal myoblasts toward either proliferation (20%) or differentiation (5%) in two-dimensional culture conditions. On the contrary, three-dimensional (3D) skeletal myoblast culture often simply adopts the serum content used in monolayer, without taking into account the new cell environment. When considering 3D cultures of mm-thick engineered tissues, homogeneous and sufficient oxygen supply is paramount to avoid formation of necrotic cores. Perfusion-based bioreactor culture can significantly improve the oxygen access to the cells, enhancing the viability and the contractility of the engineered tissues. In this study, we first investigated the influence of different serum supplementations on the skeletal myoblast ability to proliferate and differentiate during 3D perfusion-based culture. We tested percentages of serum promoting monolayer skeletal myoblast-proliferation (20%) and differentiation (5%) and suitable for stromal cell culture (10%) with a view to identify the most suitable condition for the subsequent co-culture. The 10% serum medium composition resulted in the highest number of mature myotubes and construct functionality. Co-culture with stromal vascular fraction cells at 10% serum also supported the skeletal myoblast differentiation and maturation, hence providing a functional engineered 3D muscle model that resembles the native multi-cellular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cerino
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Gaudiello
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Grussenmeyer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Melly
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grapow
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Massai D, Cerino G, Gallo D, Pennella F, Deriu M, Rodriguez A, Montevecchi F, Bignardi C, Audenino A, Morbiducci U. Bioreactors as Engineering Support to Treat Cardiac Muscle and Vascular Disease. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2013; 4:329-70. [DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.4.3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
15
|
Pennella F, Cerino G, Massai D, Gallo D, Falvo D'Urso Labate G, Schiavi A, Deriu MA, Audenino A, Morbiducci U. A survey of methods for the evaluation of tissue engineering scaffold permeability. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:2027-41. [PMID: 23612914 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The performance of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) applications is evaluated, in general, in terms of porosity, pore size and distribution, and pore tortuosity. These descriptors are often confounding when they are applied to characterize transport phenomena within porous scaffolds. On the contrary, permeability is a more effective parameter in (1) estimating mass and species transport through the scaffold and (2) describing its topological features, thus allowing a better evaluation of the overall scaffold performance. However, the evaluation of TE scaffold permeability suffers of a lack of uniformity and standards in measurement and testing procedures which makes the comparison of results obtained in different laboratories unfeasible. In this review paper we summarize the most important features influencing TE scaffold permeability, linking them to the theoretical background. An overview of methods applied for TE scaffold permeability evaluation is given, presenting experimental test benches and computational methods applied (1) to integrate experimental measurements and (2) to support the TE scaffold design process. Both experimental and computational limitations in the permeability evaluation process are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pennella
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cerino G, Massai D, Lorusso D, Gallo D, Pennella F, Deriu MA, Ciobanu C, Montevecchi FM, Morbiducci U. INNOVATIVE MICROGRAVITY PERFUSION BIOREACTOR FOR HYDROGEL-BASED REGENERATIVE MEDICINE. J Biomech 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(12)70660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
17
|
Nyagol J, De Falco G, Lazzi S, Luzzi A, Cerino G, Shaheen S, Palummo N, Bellan C, Spina D, Leoncini L. HIV-1 Tat mimetic of VEGF correlates with increased microvessels density in AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell and Burkitt lymphomas. J Hematop 2008; 1:3-10. [PMID: 19669199 PMCID: PMC2712328 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-008-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic switch marks the beginning of tumor’s strategy to acquire independent blood supply. In some subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, higher local vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression correlates with increased microvessel density. However, this local VEGF expression is higher only in tumors with elevated expression of the receptors of the growth factor, suggesting an autocrine growth-promoting feedback loop. Several studies have indicated that VEGF receptors are also targeted by Tat protein from the HIV-1-infected cells. Given the similarity of the basic region of Tat to the angiogenic factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, VEGF), Tat mimics these proteins and binds to their receptors. We evaluated the role of HIV-1 Tat in regulating the level of VEGF expression and microvessel density in the AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphomas (BL). By luciferase assay, we showed that VEGF promoter activity was downregulated in vitro in cells transfected with Tat. Reduced VEGF protein expression in primary HIV-1 positive BL and DLBCL, compared to the negative cases, supported the findings of promoter downregulation from the cell lines. Microvascular density assessed by CD34 expression was, however, higher in HIV-1 positive than in HIV-1 negative tumors. These results suggest that Tat has a wider angiogenic role, besides the regulation of VEGF expression. Thus, targeting Tat protein itself and stabilizing transient silencing of VEGF expression or use of monoclonal antibodies against their receptors in the AIDS-associated tumors will open a window for future explorable pathways in the management of angiogenic phenotypes in the AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Nyagol
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G. De Falco
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S. Lazzi
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A. Luzzi
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G. Cerino
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S. Shaheen
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - N. Palummo
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C. Bellan
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - D. Spina
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - L. Leoncini
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Via Delle Scotte 6, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|