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You Q, Lu M, Li Z, Zhou Y, Tu C. Cell Sheet Technology as an Engineering-Based Approach to Bone Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6491-6511. [PMID: 36573205 PMCID: PMC9789707 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s382115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects that are congenital or the result of infection, malignancy, or trauma represent a challenge to the global healthcare system. To address this issue, multiple research groups have been developing novel cell sheet technology (CST)-based approaches to promote bone regeneration. These methods hold promise for use in regenerative medicine because they preserve cell-cell contacts, cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and the protein makeup of cell membranes. This review introduces the concept and preparation system of the cell sheet (CS), explores the application of CST in bone regeneration, highlights the current states of the bone regeneration via CST, and offers perspectives on the challenges and future research direction of translating current knowledge from the lab to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi You
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China,Sichuan Model Worker and Craftsman Talent Innovation Research Studio, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minxun Lu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China,Sichuan Model Worker and Craftsman Talent Innovation Research Studio, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China,Sichuan Model Worker and Craftsman Talent Innovation Research Studio, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China,Sichuan Model Worker and Craftsman Talent Innovation Research Studio, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China,Sichuan Model Worker and Craftsman Talent Innovation Research Studio, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Chongqi Tu; Yong Zhou, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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Jiang Z, He J, Wang X, Zhu D, Li N, Ren L, Yang G. Nanomaterial-based cell sheet technology for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112661. [PMID: 35777168 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based cell sheet technology has been reported to be an effective method in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Here, we summarized several types of nanomaterials used to harvest cell sheets. Currently, the technology is divided into four categories according to the mechanisms: light-induced cell sheet technology, thermo-responsive cell sheet technology, magnetic-controlled cell sheet technology, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cell sheet technology. Furthermore, some studies have been conducted to show that nanomaterial-based cell sheets produce satisfying outcomes in the regeneration of bone, skeletal muscle, cardiac tissue, and tendon, as well as angiogenesis and osseointegration. Nevertheless, some shortcomings still exist, such as comprehensive preparation, unclear safety, and cell quality. Thus, future studies should aim to produce more types of nanomaterials to solve this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jin He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lingfei Ren
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Huang R, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lin B, Lin Z, Li J, Li X. Efficient fabrication of stretching hydrogels with programmable strain gradients as cell sheet delivery vehicles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112415. [PMID: 34579924 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating functional cell sheets with excellent mechanical strength for tissue regeneration remains challenging. Therefore, we devised a novel 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxy-succinimide crosslinked hydrogel carrier composed of gelatin (Ge) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) that promoted the adhesion and proliferation of keratinocytes (Kcs) compared with those cultured on a Ge hydrogel due to significantly higher pore size, porosity, and stiffness, as confirmed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and shear wave elastography (SWE). Upon exposure to a programmable gradient microenvironment, cells displayed a stress/strain-dependent spatial-temporal distribution of extended cellular phenotypes and cytoskeletons. The promoted proliferation of Kcs and the increased retention of the undifferentiated cell phenotype on Ge-β-CD composite hydrogels under a 15% strain led to the accelerated detachment of cell sheets with retained cell-cell junctions. Moreover, the stretch-triggered upregulated expression of phosphorylated yes-associated protein (YAP) 1 suggested that this effect might be associated with the mechanical stimulation-induced activation of the YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhixiao Lin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Xueyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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Kang SM, Kim D, Lee JH, Takayama S, Park JY. Engineered Microsystems for Spheroid and Organoid Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001284. [PMID: 33185040 PMCID: PMC7855453 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
3D in vitro model systems such as spheroids and organoids provide an opportunity to extend the physiological understanding using recapitulated tissues that mimic physiological characteristics of in vivo microenvironments. Unlike 2D systems, 3D in vitro systems can bridge the gap between inadequate 2D cultures and the in vivo environments, providing novel insights on complex physiological mechanisms at various scales of organization, ranging from the cellular, tissue-, to organ-levels. To satisfy the ever-increasing need for highly complex and sophisticated systems, many 3D in vitro models with advanced microengineering techniques have been developed to answer diverse physiological questions. This review summarizes recent advances in engineered microsystems for the development of 3D in vitro model systems. The relationship between the underlying physics behind the microengineering techniques, and their ability to recapitulate distinct 3D cellular structures and functions of diverse types of tissues and organs are highlighted and discussed in detail. A number of 3D in vitro models and their engineering principles are also introduced. Finally, current limitations are summarized, and perspectives for future directions in guiding the development of 3D in vitro model systems using microengineering techniques are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Joong Yull Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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Koo MA, Lee MH, Park JC. Recent Advances in ROS-Responsive Cell Sheet Techniques for Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225656. [PMID: 31726692 PMCID: PMC6888384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell sheet engineering has evolved rapidly in recent years as a new approach for cell-based therapy. Cell sheet harvest technology is important for producing viable, transplantable cell sheets and applying them to tissue engineering. To date, most cell sheet studies use thermo-responsive systems to detach cell sheets. However, other approaches have been reported. This review provides the progress in cell sheet detachment techniques, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive strategies. Therefore, we present a comprehensive introduction to ROS, their application in regenerative medicine, and considerations on how to use ROS in cell detachment. The review also discusses current limitations and challenges for clarifying the mechanism of the ROS-responsive cell sheet detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ah Koo
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1917
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The temperature-responsive hydroxybutyl chitosan hydrogels with polydopamine coating for cell sheet transplantation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:152-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Numerous methods have been reported for the fabrication of 3D multi-cellular spheroids and their use in stem cell culture. Current methods typically relying on the self-assembly of trypsinized, suspended stem cells, however, show limitations with respect to cell viability, throughput, and accurate recapitulation of the natural microenvironment. In this study, we developed a new system for engineering cell spheroids by self-assembly of micro-scale monolayer of stem cells. We prepared synthetic hydrogels with the surface of chemically formed micropatterns (squares/circles with width/diameter of 200 μm) on which mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human nasal turbinate tissue (hTMSCs) were selectively attached and formed a monolayer. The hydrogel is capable of thermally controlled expansion. As the temperature was decreased from 37 to 4 °C, the cell layer detached rapidly (<10 min) and assembled to form spheroids with consistent size (∼100 μm) and high viability (>90%). Spheroidization was significantly delayed and occurred with reduced efficiency on circle patterns compared to square patterns. Multi-physics mapping supported that delamination of the micro-scale monolayer may be affected by stress concentrated at the corners of the square pattern. In contrast, stress was distributed symmetrically along the boundary of the circle pattern. In addition, treatment of the micro-scale monolayer with a ROCK inhibitor significantly retarded spheroidization, highlighting the importance of contraction mediated by actin stress fibers for the stable generation of spheroidal stem cell structures. Spheroids prepared from the assembly of monolayers showed higher expression, both on the mRNA and protein levels, of ECM proteins (fibronectin and laminin) and stemness markers (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog) compared to spheroids prepared from low-attachment plates, in which trypsinized single cells are assembled. The hTMSC spheroids also presented enhanced expression levels of markers related to tri-lineage (osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic) differentiation. The changes in microcellular environments and functionalities were double-confirmed by using adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). This spheroid engineering technique may have versatile applications in regenerative medicine for functionally improved 3D culture and therapeutic cell delivery.
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Zhao ZG, Xu YC, Fang RC, Liu MJ. Bioinspired Adaptive Gel Materials with Synergistic Heterostructures. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lee YB, Lee JY, Byun H, Ahmad T, Akashi M, Matsusaki M, Shin H. One-step delivery of a functional multi-layered cell sheet using a thermally expandable hydrogel with controlled presentation of cell adhesive proteins. Biofabrication 2018; 10:025001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa9d43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lee YB, Kim SJ, Kim EM, Byun H, Chang HK, Park J, Choi YS, Shin H. Microcontact printing of polydopamine on thermally expandable hydrogels for controlled cell adhesion and delivery of geometrically defined microtissues. Acta Biomater 2017; 61:75-87. [PMID: 28760620 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold-free harvest of microtissue with a defined structure has received a great deal of interest in cell-based assay and regenerative medicine. In this study, we developed thermally expandable hydrogels with spatially controlled cell adhesive patterns for rapid harvest of geometrically controlled microtissue. We patterned polydopamine (PD) on to the hydrogel via microcontact printing (μCP), in linear shapes with widths of 50, 100 and 200μm. The hydrogels facilitated formation of spatially controlled strip-like microtissue of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFBs). It was possible to harvest and translocate microtissues with controlled widths of 61.4±14.7, 104.3±15.6, and 186.6±22.3μm from the hydrogel to glass substrates by conformal contact upon expansion of the hydrogel in response to a temperature change from 37 to 4°C, preserving high viability, extracellular matrix, and junction proteins. Microtissues were readily translocated in vivo to the subcutaneous tissue of mouse. The microtissues were further utilized as a simple assay model for monitoring of contraction in response to ROCK1 inhibitor. Collectively, micro-sized patterning of PD on the thermally expandable hydrogels via μCP holds promise for the development of microtissue harvesting systems that can be employed to ex vivo tissue assay and cell-based therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Harvest of artificial tissue with controlled cellular arrangement independently from external materials has been widely studied in cell-based assay and regenerative medicine. In this study, we developed scaffold-free harvest system of microtissues with anisotropic arrangement and controlled width by exploiting thermally expandable hydrogels with cell-adhesive patterns of polydopamine formed by simple microcontact printing. Cultured strips of human dermal fibroblasts on the hydrogels were rapidly delivered to various targets ranging from flat coverglass to mice subcutaneous tissue by thermal expansion of the hydrogel at 4°C for 10min. These were further utilized as a drug screening model responding to ROCK1 inhibitor, which imply its versatile applicability.
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Design and fabrication of functional hydrogels through interfacial engineering. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Jiang W, Li M, Chen Z, Leong KW. Cell-laden microfluidic microgels for tissue regeneration. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4482-4506. [PMID: 27797383 PMCID: PMC5110393 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of diseased tissue is one of the foremost concerns for millions of patients who suffer from tissue damage each year. Local delivery of cell-laden hydrogels offers an attractive approach for tissue repair. However, due to the typical macroscopic size of these cell constructs, the encapsulated cells often suffer from poor nutrient exchange. These issues can be mitigated by incorporating cells into microscopic hydrogels, or microgels, whose large surface-to-volume ratio promotes efficient mass transport and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. Using microfluidic technology, monodisperse cell-laden microgels with tunable sizes can be generated in a high-throughput manner, making them useful building blocks that can be assembled into tissue constructs with spatially controlled physicochemical properties. In this review, we examine microfluidics-generated cell-laden microgels for tissue regeneration applications. We provide a brief overview of the common biomaterials, gelation mechanisms, and microfluidic device designs that are used to generate these microgels, and summarize the most recent works on how they are applied to tissue regeneration. Finally, we discuss future applications of microfluidic cell-laden microgels as well as existing challenges that should be resolved to stimulate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Zaozao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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