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Song D, Liu Y, Husari A, Kotz-Helmer F, Tomakidi P, Rapp BE, Rühe J. Generation of Tailored Multi-Material Microstructures Through One-Step Direct Laser Writing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405586. [PMID: 39235375 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Direct laser writing has gained remarkable popularity by offering architectural control of 3D objects at submicron scales. However, it faces limitations when the fabrication of microstructures comprising multiple materials is desired. The generation processes of multi-material microstructures are often very complex, requiring meticulous alignment, as well as a series of step-and-repeat writing and development of the materials. Here, a novel material system based on multilayers of chemically tailored polymers containing anthraquinone crosslinker units is demonstrated. Upon two-photon excitation, the crosslinkers only require nearby aliphatic C,H units as reaction partners to form a crosslinked network. The desired structure can be written into a solid multi-layered material system, wherein the properties of each material can be designed at the molecular level. In this way, C,H insertion crosslinking (CHic) of the polymers within each layer, along with simultaneous reaction at their interfaces, is performed, leading to the one-step fabrication of multi-material microstructures. A multi-material 3D scaffold with a sixfold symmetry is produced to precisely control the adhesion of cells both concerning surface chemistry and topology. The demonstrated material system shows great promise for the fabrication of 3D microstructures with high precision, intricate geometries and customized functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces (CPI), Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yizheng Liu
- Laboratory of Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces (CPI), Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayman Husari
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Technology (NeptunLab), Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bastian E Rapp
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology (NeptunLab), Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces (CPI), Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Mendes AX, Caballero Aguilar L, do Nascimento AT, Duchi S, Charnley M, Nisbet DR, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Moraes Silva S, Moulton SE. Integrating Graphene Oxide-Hydrogels and Electrical Stimulation for Controlled Neurotrophic Factor Encapsulation: A Promising Approach for Efficient Nerve Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4175-4192. [PMID: 38830774 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a crucial role in cellular growth and neurodifferentiation. To achieve significant neuronal regeneration and repair using in vitro NGF delivery, spatiotemporal control that follows the natural neuronal processes must be developed. Notably, a challenge hindering this is the uncontrolled burst release from the growth factor delivery systems. The rapid depletion of NGF reduces treatment efficacy, leading to poor cellular response. To address this, we developed a highly controllable system using graphene oxygen (GO) and GelMA hydrogels modulated by electrical stimulation. Our system showed superior control over the release kinetics, reducing the burst up 30-fold. We demonstrate that the system is also able to sequester and retain NGF up to 10-times more efficiently than GelMA hydrogels alone. Our controlled release system enabled neurodifferentiation, as revealed by gene expression and immunostaining analysis. The increased retention and reduced burst release from our system show a promising pathway for nerve tissue engineering research toward effective regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Xavier Mendes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Lilith Caballero Aguilar
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, Biomedical Engineering Department, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adriana Teixeira do Nascimento
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Mirren Charnley
- Centre for Optical Sciences and Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, Biomedical Engineering Department, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Saimon Moraes Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology Centre, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
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3
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Resina L, Garrudo FFF, Alemán C, Esteves T, Ferreira FC. Wireless electrostimulation for cancer treatment: An integrated nanoparticle/coaxial fiber mesh platform. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 160:213830. [PMID: 38552500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, namely breast and prostate cancers, is the leading cause of death in many developed countries. Controlled drug delivery systems are key for the development of new cancer treatment strategies, to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy and tackle off-target effects. In here, we developed a biomaterials-based wireless electrostimulation system with the potential for controlled and on-demand release of anti-cancer drugs. The system is composed of curcumin-loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles (CUR/PEDOT NPs), encapsulated inside coaxial poly(glycerol sebacate)/poly(caprolactone) (PGS/PCL) electrospun fibers. First, we show that the PGS/PCL nanofibers are biodegradable, which allows the delivery of NPs closer to the tumoral region, and have good mechanical properties, allowing the prolonged storage of the PEDOT NPs before their gradual release. Next, we demonstrate PEDOT/CUR nanoparticles can release CUR on-demand (65 % of release after applying a potential of -1.5 V for 180 s). Finally, a wireless electrostimulation platform using this NP/fiber system was set up to promote in vitro human prostate cancer cell death. We found a decrease of 67 % decrease in cancer cell viability. Overall, our results show the developed NP/fiber system has the potential to effectively deliver CUR in a highly controlled way to breast and prostate cancer in vitro models. We also show the potential of using wireless electrostimulation of drug-loaded NPs for cancer treatment, while using safe voltages for the human body. We believe our work is a stepping stone for the design and development of biomaterial-based future smarter and more effective delivery systems for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Resina
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Chemical Engineering, Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Edif. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fábio F F Garrudo
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Telecomunicações and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Edif. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Esteves
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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4
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Nasser RA, Arya SS, Alshehhi KH, Teo JCM, Pitsalidis C. Conducting polymer scaffolds: a new frontier in bioelectronics and bioengineering. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:760-779. [PMID: 38184439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP) scaffolds have emerged as a transformative tool in bioelectronics and bioengineering, advancing the ability to interface with biological systems. Their unique combination of electrical conductivity, tailorability, and biocompatibility surpasses the capabilities of traditional nonconducting scaffolds while granting them access to the realm of bioelectronics. This review examines recent developments in CP scaffolds, focusing on material and device advancements, as well as their interplay with biological systems. We highlight applications for monitoring, tissue stimulation, and drug delivery and discuss perspectives and challenges currently faced for their ultimate translation and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Nasser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sagar S Arya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Khulood H Alshehhi
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jeremy C M Teo
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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5
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Abdel Aziz I, Gladisch J, Griggs S, Moser M, Biesmans H, Beloqui A, McCulloch I, Berggren M, Stavrinidou E. Drug delivery via a 3D electro-swellable conjugated polymer hydrogel. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4029-4038. [PMID: 38586978 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02592f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal controlled drug delivery minimizes side-effects and enables therapies that require specific dosing patterns. Conjugated polymers (CP) can be used for electrically controlled drug delivery; however so far, most demonstrations were limited to molecules up to 500 Da. Larger molecules could be incorporated only during the CP polymerization and thus limited to a single delivery. This work harnesses the record volume changes of a glycolated polythiophene p(g3T2) for controlled drug delivery. p(g3T2) undergoes reversible volumetric changes of up to 300% during electrochemical doping, forming pores in the nm-size range, resulting in a conducting hydrogel. p(g3T2)-coated 3D carbon sponges enable controlled loading and release of molecules spanning molecular weights of 800-6000 Da, from simple dyes up to the hormone insulin. Molecules are loaded as a combination of electrostatic interactions with the charged polymer backbone and physical entrapment in the porous matrix. Smaller molecules leak out of the polymer while larger ones could not be loaded effectively. Finally, this work shows the temporally patterned release of molecules with molecular weight of 1300 Da and multiple reloading and release cycles without affecting the on/off ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Abdel Aziz
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Johannes Gladisch
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Sophie Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hanne Biesmans
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Ana Beloqui
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | | | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.
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6
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Marques-Almeida T, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. State of the Art and Current Challenges on Electroactive Biomaterials and Strategies for Neural Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301494. [PMID: 37843074 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The loss or failure of an organ/tissue stands as one of the healthcare system's most prevalent, devastating, and costly challenges. Strategies for neural tissue repair and regeneration have received significant attention due to their particularly strong impact on patients' well-being. Many research efforts are dedicated not only to control the disease symptoms but also to find solutions to repair the damaged tissues. Neural tissue engineering (TE) plays a key role in addressing this problem and significant efforts are being carried out to develop strategies for neural repair treatment. In the last years, active materials allowing to tune cell-materials interaction are being increasingly used, representing a recent paradigm in TE applications. Among the most important stimuli influencing cell behavior are the electrical and mechanical ones. In this way, materials with the ability to provide this kind of stimuli to the neural cells seem to be appropriate to support neural TE. In this scope, this review summarizes the different biomaterials types used for neural TE, highlighting the relevance of using active biomaterials and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, this review provides not only a compilation of the most relevant studies and results but also strategies for novel and more biomimetic approaches for neural TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Marques-Almeida
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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7
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Alkahtani ME, Elbadawi M, Chapman CAR, Green RA, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Basit AW. Electroactive Polymers for On-Demand Drug Release. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301759. [PMID: 37861058 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Conductive materials have played a significant role in advancing society into the digital era. Such materials are able to harness the power of electricity and are used to control many aspects of daily life. Conductive polymers (CPs) are an emerging group of polymers that possess metal-like conductivity yet retain desirable polymeric features, such as processability, mechanical properties, and biodegradability. Upon receiving an electrical stimulus, CPs can be tailored to achieve a number of responses, such as harvesting energy and stimulating tissue growth. The recent FDA approval of a CP-based material for a medical device has invigorated their research in healthcare. In drug delivery, CPs can act as electrical switches, drug release is achieved at a flick of a switch, thereby providing unprecedented control over drug release. In this review, recent developments in CP as electroactive polymers for voltage-stimuli responsive drug delivery systems are evaluated. The review demonstrates the distinct drug release profiles achieved by electroactive formulations, and both the precision and ease of stimuli response. This level of dynamism promises to yield "smart medicines" and warrants further research. The review concludes by providing an outlook on electroactive formulations in drug delivery and highlighting their integral roles in healthcare IoT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal E Alkahtani
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Christopher A R Chapman
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Rylie A Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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Chapman CA, Fernandez-Patel S, Jahan N, Cuttaz EA, Novikov A, Goding JA, Green RA. Controlled electroactive release from solid-state conductive elastomer electrodes. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100883. [PMID: 38144517 PMCID: PMC10746364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work highlights the development of a conductive elastomer (CE) based electrophoretic platform that enables the transfer of charged molecules from a solid-state CE electrode directly to targeted tissues. Using an elastomer-based electrode containing poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires, controlled electrophoretic delivery of methylene blue (MB) and fluorescein (FLSC) was achieved with applied voltage. Electroactive release of positively charged MB and negatively charged FLSC achieved 33.19 ± 6.47 μg release of MB and 22.36 ± 3.05 μg release of FLSC, a 24 and 20-fold increase in comparison to inhibitory voltages over 1 h. Additionally, selective, and sequential release of the two oppositely charged molecules from a single CE device was demonstrated, showing the potential of this device to be used in multi-drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A.R. Chapman
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shanila Fernandez-Patel
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Estelle A. Cuttaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexey Novikov
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Josef A. Goding
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rylie A. Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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9
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Mercante LA, Teodoro KBR, dos Santos DM, dos Santos FV, Ballesteros CAS, Ju T, Williams GR, Correa DS. Recent Progress in Stimuli-Responsive Antimicrobial Electrospun Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4299. [PMID: 37959981 PMCID: PMC10647808 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibrous membranes have garnered significant attention in antimicrobial applications, owing to their intricate three-dimensional network that confers an interconnected porous structure, high specific surface area, and tunable physicochemical properties, as well as their notable capacity for loading and sustained release of antimicrobial agents. Tailoring polymer or hybrid-based nanofibrous membranes with stimuli-responsive characteristics further enhances their versatility, enabling them to exhibit broad-spectrum or specific activity against diverse microorganisms. In this review, we elucidate the pivotal advancements achieved in the realm of stimuli-responsive antimicrobial electrospun nanofibers operating by light, temperature, pH, humidity, and electric field, among others. We provide a concise introduction to the strategies employed to design smart electrospun nanofibers with antimicrobial properties. The core section of our review spotlights recent progress in electrospun nanofiber-based systems triggered by single- and multi-stimuli. Within each stimulus category, we explore recent examples of nanofibers based on different polymers and antimicrobial agents. Finally, we delve into the constraints and future directions of stimuli-responsive nanofibrous materials, paving the way for their wider application spectrum and catalyzing progress toward industrial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza A. Mercante
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-280, BA, Brazil
| | - Kelcilene B. R. Teodoro
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (K.B.R.T.); (D.M.d.S.); (F.V.d.S.)
| | - Danilo M. dos Santos
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (K.B.R.T.); (D.M.d.S.); (F.V.d.S.)
| | - Francisco V. dos Santos
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (K.B.R.T.); (D.M.d.S.); (F.V.d.S.)
- Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilo A. S. Ballesteros
- Bachelor in Natural Sciences and Environmental Education, Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia (UPTC), Tunja 150003, Colombia;
| | - Tian Ju
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (T.J.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (T.J.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Daniel S. Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (K.B.R.T.); (D.M.d.S.); (F.V.d.S.)
- Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil
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10
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Panda AK, Basu B. Regenerative bioelectronics: A strategic roadmap for precision medicine. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122271. [PMID: 37619262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, stem cell-based regenerative engineering has demonstrated its significant potential to repair damaged tissues and to restore their functionalities. Despite such advancement in regenerative engineering, the clinical translation remains a major challenge. In the stance of personalized treatment, the recent progress in bioelectronic medicine likewise evolved as another important research domain of larger significance for human healthcare. Over the last several years, our research group has adopted biomaterials-based regenerative engineering strategies using innovative bioelectronic stimulation protocols based on either electric or magnetic stimuli to direct cellular differentiation on engineered biomaterials with a range of elastic stiffness or functional properties (electroactivity/magnetoactivity). In this article, the role of bioelectronics in stem cell-based regenerative engineering has been critically analyzed to stimulate futuristic research in the treatment of degenerative diseases as well as to address some fundamental questions in stem cell biology. Built on the concepts from two independent biomedical research domains (regenerative engineering and bioelectronic medicine), we propose a converging research theme, 'Regenerative Bioelectronics'. Further, a series of recommendations have been put forward to address the current challenges in bridging the gap in stem cell therapy and bioelectronic medicine. Enacting the strategic blueprint of bioelectronic-based regenerative engineering can potentially deliver the unmet clinical needs for treating incurable degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Kumar Panda
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India; Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
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11
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Hsiao YS, Quiñones ED, Yen SC, Yu J, Fang JT, Chen P, Juang RS. PEDOT:PSS-Based Bioelectrodes for Multifunctional Drug Release and Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21953-21964. [PMID: 37129106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is an innovative approach for the label-free and real-time detection of cell morphology, growth, and apoptosis, thereby playing an essential role as both a viable alternative and valuable complement to conventional biochemical/pharmaceutical analysis in the field of diagnostics. Constant improvements are naturally sought to further improve the effective range and reliability of this technology. In this study, we developed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymer (CP)-based bioelectrodes integrated into homemade ECIS cell-culture chamber slides for the simultaneous drug release and real-time biosensing of cancer cell viability under drug treatment. The CP comprised tailored PEDOT:PSS, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) capable of encapsulating antitumor chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin (DOX), docetaxel (DTX), and a DOX/DTX combination. This device can reliably monitor impedance signal changes correlated with cell viability on chips generated by cell adhesion onto a predetermined CP-based working electrode while simultaneously exhibiting excellent properties for both drug encapsulation and on-demand release from another CP-based counter electrode under electrical stimulation (ES) operation. Cyclic voltammetry curves and surface profile data of different CP-based coatings (without or with drugs) were used to analyze the changes in charge capacity and thickness, respectively, thereby further revealing the correlation between their drug-releasing performance under ES operation (determined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy). Finally, antitumor drug screening tests (DOX, DTX, and DOX/DTX combination) were performed on MCF-7 and HeLa cells using our developed CP-based ECIS chip system to monitor the impedance signal changes and their related cell viability results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Edgar Daniel Quiñones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Tseng Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shin Juang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
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12
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Zhou Z, Li K, Guo Y, Liu P, Chen Q, Fan H, Sun T, Jiang C. ROS/Electro Dual-Reactive Nanogel for Targeting Epileptic Foci to Remodel Aberrant Circuits and Inflammatory Microenvironment. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7847-7864. [PMID: 37039779 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal treatment against epilepsy is faced with intractable problems, especially epileptogenesis that cannot be blocked by clinical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during the latency of epilepsy. Abnormal circuits of neurons interact with the inflammatory microenvironment of glial cells in epileptic foci, resulting in recurrent seizures and refractory epilepsy. Herein, we have selected phenytoin (PHT) as a model drug to derive a ROS-responsive and consuming prodrug, which is combined with an electro-responsive group (sulfonate sodium, SS) and an epileptic focus-recognizing group (α-methyl-l-tryptophan, AMT) to form hydrogel nanoparticles (i.e., a nanogel). The nanogel will target epileptic foci, release PHT in response to a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment, and inhibit overexcited circuits. Meanwhile, with the clearance of ROS, the nanogel can also reduce oxidative stress and alleviate microenvironment inflammation. Thus, a synergistic regulation of epileptic lesions will be achieved. Our nanogel is expected to provide a more comprehensive strategy for antiepileptic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Keying Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinjun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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13
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Talebian S, Mendes B, Conniot J, Farajikhah S, Dehghani F, Li Z, Bitoque D, Silva G, Naficy S, Conde J, Wallace GG. Biopolymeric Coatings for Local Release of Therapeutics from Biomedical Implants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207603. [PMID: 36782094 PMCID: PMC10131825 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The deployment of structures that enable localized release of bioactive molecules can result in more efficacious treatment of disease and better integration of implantable bionic devices. The strategic design of a biopolymeric coating can be used to engineer the optimal release profile depending on the task at hand. As illustrative examples, here advances in delivery of drugs from bone, brain, ocular, and cardiovascular implants are reviewed. These areas are focused to highlight that both hard and soft tissue implants can benefit from controlled localized delivery. The composition of biopolymers used to achieve appropriate delivery to the selected tissue types, and their corresponding outcomes are brought to the fore. To conclude, key factors in designing drug-loaded biopolymeric coatings for biomedical implants are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Talebian
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Bárbara Mendes
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - João Conniot
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - Syamak Farajikhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Zhongyan Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Diogo Bitoque
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - Gabriela Silva
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmicsNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboa1169‐056Portugal
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityUniversity of WollongongSydneyNSW2522Australia
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14
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Cucchi M, Parker D, Stavrinidou E, Gkoupidenis P, Kleemann H. In Liquido Computation with Electrochemical Transistors and Mixed Conductors for Intelligent Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209516. [PMID: 36813270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation implantable computational devices require long-term-stable electronic components capable of operating in, and interacting with, electrolytic surroundings without being damaged. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) emerged as fitting candidates. However, while single devices feature impressive figures of merit, integrated circuits (ICs) immersed in common electrolytes are hard to realize using electrochemical transistors, and there is no clear path forward for optimal top-down circuit design and high-density integration. The simple observation that two OECTs immersed in the same electrolytic medium will inevitably interact hampers their implementation in complex circuitry. The electrolyte's ionic conductivity connects all the devices in the liquid, producing unwanted and often unforeseeable dynamics. Minimizing or harnessing this crosstalk has been the focus of very recent studies. Herein, the main challenges, trends, and opportunities for realizing OECT-based circuitry in a liquid environment that could circumnavigate the hard limits of engineering and human physiology, are discussed. The most successful approaches in autonomous bioelectronics and information processing are analyzed. Elaborating on the strategies to circumvent and harness device crosstalk proves that platforms capable of complex computation and even machine learning (ML) can be realized in liquido using mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cucchi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Chemin des Mines 9, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 1, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Parker
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | | | - Hans Kleemann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 1, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Zhou Y, Jia X, Pang D, Jiang S, Zhu M, Lu G, Tian Y, Wang C, Chao D, Wallace G. An integrated Mg battery-powered iontophoresis patch for efficient and controllable transdermal drug delivery. Nat Commun 2023; 14:297. [PMID: 36653362 PMCID: PMC9849227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable transdermal iontophoresis eliminating the need for external power sources offers advantages for patient-comfort when deploying epidermal diseases treatments. However, current self-powered iontophoresis based on energy harvesters is limited to support efficient therapeutic administration over the long-term operation, owing to the low and inconsistent energy supply. Here we propose a simplified wearable iontophoresis patch with a built-in Mg battery for efficient and controllable transdermal delivery. This system decreases the system complexity and form factors by using viologen-based hydrogels as an integrated drug reservoir and cathode material, eliminating the conventional interface impedance between the electrode and drug reservoir. The redox-active polyelectrolyte hydrogel offers a high energy density of 3.57 mWh cm-2, and an optimal bioelectronic interface with ultra-soft nature and low tissue-interface impedance. The delivery dosage can be readily manipulated by tuning the viologen hydrogel and the iontophoresis stimulation mode. This iontophoresis patch demonstrates an effective treatment of an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse. Considering the advantages of being a reliable and efficient energy supply, simplified configuration, and optimal electrical skin-device interface, this battery-powered iontophoresis may provide a new non-invasive treatment for chronic epidermal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Daxin Pang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Meihua Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Caiyun Wang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Danming Chao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Gordon Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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16
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Multitasking smart hydrogels based on the combination of alginate and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) properties: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:312-332. [PMID: 35934076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a very stable and biocompatible conducting polymer, and alginate (Alg), a natural water-soluble polysaccharide mainly found in the cell wall of various species of brown algae, exhibit very different but at the same complementary properties. In the last few years, the remarkable capacity of Alg to form hydrogels and the electro-responsive properties of PEDOT have been combined to form not only layered composites (PEDOT-Alg) but also interpenetrated multi-responsive PEDOT/Alg hydrogels. These materials have been found to display outstanding properties, such as electrical conductivity, piezoelectricity, biocompatibility, self-healing and re-usability properties, pH and thermoelectric responsiveness, among others. Consequently, a wide number of applications are being proposed for PEDOT-Alg composites and, especially, PEDOT/Alg hydrogels, which should be considered as a new kind of hybrid material because of the very different chemical nature of the two polymeric components. This review summarizes the applications of PEDOT-Alg and PEDOT/Alg in tissue interfaces and regeneration, drug delivery, sensors, microfluidics, energy storage and evaporators for desalination. Special attention has been given to the discussion of multi-tasking applications, while the new challenges to be tackled based on aspects not yet considered in either of the two polymers have also been highlighted.
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17
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Dadras-Toussi O, Khorrami M, Louis Sam Titus ASC, Majd S, Mohan C, Abidian MR. Multiphoton Lithography of Organic Semiconductor Devices for 3D Printing of Flexible Electronic Circuits, Biosensors, and Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200512. [PMID: 35707927 PMCID: PMC9339506 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing of electronics have received growing attention due to their potential applications in emerging fields such as nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. Multiphoton lithography (MPL) is considered the state-of-the-art amongst the microfabrication techniques with true 3D fabrication capability owing to its excellent level of spatial and temporal control. Here, a homogenous and transparent photosensitive resin doped with an organic semiconductor material (OS), which is compatible with MPL process, is introduced to fabricate a variety of 3D OS composite microstructures (OSCMs) and microelectronic devices. Inclusion of 0.5 wt% OS in the resin enhances the electrical conductivity of the composite polymer about 10 orders of magnitude and compared to other MPL-based methods, the resultant OSCMs offer high specific electrical conductivity. As a model protein, laminin is incorporated into these OSCMs without a significant loss of activity. The OSCMs are biocompatible and support cell adhesion and growth. Glucose-oxidase-encapsulated OSCMs offer a highly sensitive glucose sensing platform with nearly tenfold higher sensitivity compared to previous glucose biosensors. In addition, this biosensor exhibits excellent specificity and high reproducibility. Overall, these results demonstrate the great potential of these novel MPL-fabricated OSCM devices for a wide range of applications from flexible bioelectronics/biosensors, to nanoelectronics and organ-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Dadras-Toussi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Milad Khorrami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Sheereen Majd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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18
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Tan M, Xu Y, Gao Z, Yuan T, Liu Q, Yang R, Zhang B, Peng L. Recent Advances in Intelligent Wearable Medical Devices Integrating Biosensing and Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108491. [PMID: 35008128 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The primary roles of precision medicine are to perform real-time examination, administer on-demand medication, and apply instruments continuously. However, most current therapeutic systems implement these processes separately, leading to treatment interruption and limited recovery in patients. Personalized healthcare and smart medical treatment have greatly promoted research on and development of biosensing and drug-delivery integrated systems, with intelligent wearable medical devices (IWMDs) as typical systems, which have received increasing attention because of their non-invasive and customizable nature. Here, the latest progress in research on IWMDs is reviewed, including their mechanisms of integrating biosensing and on-demand drug delivery. The current challenges and future development directions of IWMDs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tiejun Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xian, 710126, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, P. R. China
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19
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Dhawan V, Cui XT. Carbohydrate based biomaterials for neural interface applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4714-4740. [PMID: 35702979 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00584k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprosthetic devices that record and modulate neural activities have demonstrated immense potential for bypassing or restoring lost neurological functions due to neural injuries and disorders. However, implantable electrical devices interfacing with brain tissue are susceptible to a series of inflammatory tissue responses along with mechanical or electrical failures which can affect the device performance over time. Several biomaterial strategies have been implemented to improve device-tissue integration for high quality and stable performance. Ranging from developing smaller, softer, and more flexible electrode designs to introducing bioactive coatings and drug-eluting layers on the electrode surface, such strategies have shown different degrees of success but with limitations. With their hydrophilic properties and specific bioactivities, carbohydrates offer a potential solution for addressing some of the limitations of the existing biomolecular approaches. In this review, we summarize the role of polysaccharides in the central nervous system, with a primary focus on glycoproteins and proteoglycans, to shed light on their untapped potential as biomaterials for neural implants. Utilization of glycosaminoglycans for neural interface and tissue regeneration applications is comprehensively reviewed to provide the current state of carbohydrate-based biomaterials for neural implants. Finally, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities of applying carbohydrate-based biomaterials for neural tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Guo J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Conductive Materials with Elaborate Micro/Nanostructures for Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110024. [PMID: 35081264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, an emerging field with the mutual penetration of biological systems and electronic sciences, allows the quantitative analysis of complicated biosignals together with the dynamic regulation of fateful biological functions. In this area, the development of conductive materials with elaborate micro/nanostructures has been of great significance to the improvement of high-performance bioelectronic devices. Thus, here, a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of relevant research studies on the fabrication and properties of conductive materials with micro/nanostructures and their promising applications and future opportunities in bioelectronic applications is presented. In addition, a critical analysis of the current opportunities and challenges regarding the future developments of conductive materials with elaborate micro/nanostructures for bioelectronic applications is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
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21
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Huo P, Ding H, Tang Z, Liang X, Xu J, Wang M, Liang R, Sun G. Conductive silk fibroin hydrogel with semi-interpenetrating network with high toughness and fast self-recovery for strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:1-10. [PMID: 35577196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) hydrogels have been extensively studied in the fields of biomedicine and wearable devices in recent years due to their outstanding biocompatibility. However, the pure RSF hydrogels usually exhibited frangibility and low ductility, limiting their application in many aspects severely. Herein, we demonstrate a tough RSF/poly (N, N-dimethylallylamine) hydrogel with semi-interpenetrating network, which possesses good mechanical properties with high stretchability (εb = 900%), tensile strength (σb = 101.7 kPa), toughness (Wf = 516.7 kJ/m3) and tearing fracture energy (T = 407.3 J/m2). Besides, the gels show low residual strain in the cyclic tests and rapid self-recovery (80% toughness recovery within 5 min with the maximum strain of 400%). Moreover, the gels also show high ionic conductivity due to the incorporation of the NaCl and the hydrogel can act as an ideal candidate for strain sensor with high sensitivity (GF = 1.84), admirable linearity, and good durability (1000 cycles with the strain of 100%). When used as a wearable strain sensor for monitoring human movements, it also can detect small and large deformations with high sensitivity. It is expected that this work can provide a new strategy for the fabrication of smart RSF-based hydrogels and expand their application in multiple scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Huo
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hongyao Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liang
- Foundation Department, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510725, China
| | - Jianyu Xu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Guoxing Sun
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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22
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Electro-assisted printing of soft hydrogels via controlled electrochemical reactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1353. [PMID: 35293384 PMCID: PMC8924165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels underpin many applications in tissue engineering, cell encapsulation, drug delivery and bioelectronics. Methods improving control over gelation mechanisms and patterning are still needed. Here we explore a less-known gelation approach relying on sequential electrochemical-chemical-chemical (ECC) reactions. An ionic species and/or molecule in solution is oxidised over a conductive surface at a specific electric potential. The oxidation generates an intermediate species that reacts with a macromolecule, forming a hydrogel at the electrode-electrolyte interface. We introduce potentiostatic control over this process, allowing the selection of gelation reactions and control of hydrogel growth rate. In chitosan and alginate systems, we demonstrate precipitation, covalent and ionic gelation mechanisms. The method can be applied in the polymerisation of hybrid systems consisting of more than one polymer. We demonstrate concomitant deposition of the conductive polymer Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and alginate. Deposition of the hydrogels occurs in small droplets held between a conductive plate (working electrode, WE), a printing nozzle (counter electrode, CE) and a pseudoreference electrode (reference electrode, RE). We install this setup on a commercial 3D printer to demonstrate patterning of adherent hydrogels on gold and flexible ITO foils. Electro-assisted printing may contribute to the integration of well-defined hydrogels on hybrid electronic-hydrogel devices for bioelectronics applications.
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23
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Park SY, Kang JH, Kim HS, Hwang JY, Shin US. Electrical and thermal stimulus-responsive nanocarbon-based 3D hydrogel sponge for switchable drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2367-2382. [PMID: 35088797 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06074k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smart hydrogels that are responsive to various external (e.g. electrical and/or thermal) stimulation have become increasingly popular in recent years for simple, rapid, and precise drug delivery that can be controlled and turned on or off with external stimuli. For such a switchable drug delivery material, highly homogeneous dispersion and distribution of the hydrophobic, electrically conductive nanomaterials throughout a hydrophilic three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel network remains a challenge and is essential for achieving well-connected electrical and thermal conducting paths. Herein we developed electrical and thermal stimulus-responsive 3D hydrogels based on (i) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the core unit and an electrical/thermal conductor, (ii) chitosan (Chit) as the shell unit and a hydrophilic dispersant, and (iii) poly(NIPAAm-co-BBVIm) (pNIBBIm) as the drug carrier and a temperature-responsive copolymer. By formulating the CNT-core and Chit-shell units and constructing a CNT sponge framework, uniform distribution and 3D connectivity of the CNTs were improved. The 3D hydrogel based on the CNT sponge, namely the 3D frame CNT-Chit/pNIBBIm hydrogel, delivered approximately 37% of a drug, ketoprofen used for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, during about 30% shrinkage after electrical and thermal switches on/off and exhibited the best potential for future use in a smart transdermal drug delivery system. The physicochemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and biocompatible characteristics of this nanocarbon-based 3D frame hydrogel led to remarkable electrical and thermal stimulus-responsive properties capable of developing an excellent controllable and switchable drug delivery platform for biomedical engineering and medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yu Park
- Innovative Carbon-Bio-Convergence Lab., Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency (kcarbon), 110-11 Ballyong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hye Kang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sem Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Innovative Carbon-Bio-Convergence Lab., Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency (kcarbon), 110-11 Ballyong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ueon Sang Shin
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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24
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The influence of physicochemical properties on the processibility of conducting polymers: A bioelectronics perspective. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:259-279. [PMID: 34111518 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) possess unique electrical and electrochemical properties and hold great potential for different applications in the field of bioelectronics. However, the widespread implementation of CPs in this field has been critically hindered by their poor processibility. There are four key elements that determine the processibility of CPs, which are thermal tunability, chemical stability, solvent compatibility and mechanical robustness. Recent research efforts have focused on enhancing the processibility of these materials through pre- or post-synthesis chemical modifications, the fabrication of CP-based complexes and composites, and the adoption of additive manufacturing techniques. In this review, the physicochemical and structural properties that underlie the performance and processibility of CPs are examined. In addition, current research efforts to overcome technical limitations and broaden the potential applications of CPs in bioelectronics are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review details the inherent properties of CPs that have hindered their use in additive manufacturing for the creation of 3D bioelectronics. A fundamental approach is presented with consideration of the chemical structure and how this contributes to their electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. The review then considers how manipulation of these properties has been addressed in the literature including areas where improvements can be made. Finally, the review details the use of CPs in additive manufacturing and the future scope for the use of CPs and their composites in the development of 3D bioelectronics.
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25
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Dual-RNA controlled delivery system inhibited tumor growth by apoptosis induction and TME activation. J Control Release 2022; 344:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Bansal M, Raos B, Aqrawe Z, Wu Z, Svirskis D. An interpenetrating and patternable conducting polymer hydrogel for electrically stimulated release of glutamate. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:124-135. [PMID: 34644612 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in drug delivery have made it possible to release bioactive agents from neural implants specifically to local tissues. Conducting polymer coatings have been explored as a delivery platform in bioelectronics, however, their utility is restricted by their limited loading capacity and stability. This study presents the fabrication of a stable conducting polymer hydrogel (CPH), comprising the hydrogel gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), and conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) for the electrically controlled delivery of glutamate (Glu). The hybrid GelMA/PPy/Glu can be photolithographically patterned and covalently bonded to an electrode. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the interpenetrating nature of PPy through the GelMA hydrogels. Electrochemical polymerisation of PPy/Glu through the GelMA hydrogels resulted in a significant increase in the charge storage capacity as determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Long-term electrochemical and mechanical stability was demonstrated over 1000 CV cycles and extracts of the materials were cytocompatible with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. Release of Glu from the CPH was responsive to electrical stimulation with almost five times the amount of Glu released upon constant reduction (-0.6 V) compared to when no stimulus was applied. Notably, GelMA/PPy/Glu was able to deliver almost 14 times higher amounts of Glu compared to conventional PPy/Glu films. The described CPH coatings are well suited in implantable drug delivery applications and compared to conducting polymer films can deliver higher quantities of drug in response to mild electrical stimulus. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPH) have been explored for the electrically controlled release of bioactives from implantable devices. Typically, the conducting polymer component does not fully penetrate the hydrogel. We report, for the first time, a completely interpenetrating CPH allowing for the full benefits of the composite material to be realised, the hydrogels provide a reservoir for drug delivery, and conducting polymer renders the material responsive to electrical stimulation for drug release. We report a CPH for the electrically controlled delivery of glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter) where several-fold more glutamate can be delivered compared to conducting polymer films. The described CPH coatings are well suited for use in bioelectronic devices to deliver large quantities of drug in response to mild electrical stimulus.
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27
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Kaniewska K, Karbarz M. Electrochemical devices based on conducting surfaces modified with smart hydrogels: Outlook and perspective. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kaniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Marcin Karbarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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28
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SIROF stabilized PEDOT/PSS allows biocompatible and reversible direct current stimulation capable of driving electrotaxis in cells. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120949. [PMID: 34153784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrotaxis is a naturally occurring phenomenon in which ionic gradients dictate the directed migration of cells involved in different biological processes such as wound healing, embryonic development, or cancer metastasis. To investigate these processes, direct current (DC) has been used to generate electric fields capable of eliciting an electrotactic response in cells. However, the need for metallic electrodes to deliver said currents has hindered electrotaxis research and the application of DC stimulation as medical therapy. This study aimed to investigate the capability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) on sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF) electrodes to generate stable direct currents. The electrochemical properties of PEDOT/PSS allow ions to be released and reabsorbed depending on the polarity of the current flow. SIROF stabilized PEDOT/PSS electrodes demonstrated exceptional stability in voltage and current controlled DC stimulation for periods of up to 12 hours. These electrodes were capable of directing cell migration of the rat prostate cancer cell line MAT-LyLu in a microfluidic chamber without the need for chemical buffers. This material combination shows excellent promise for accelerating electrotaxis research and facilitating the translation of DC stimulation to medical applications thanks to its biocompatibility, ionic charge injection mechanisms, and recharging capabilities in a biological environment.
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29
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Gori M, Vadalà G, Giannitelli SM, Denaro V, Di Pino G. Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Strategies to Control Foreign Body Reaction to Invasive Neural Electrodes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659033. [PMID: 34113605 PMCID: PMC8185207 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural-interfaced prostheses aim to restore sensorimotor limb functions in amputees. They rely on bidirectional neural interfaces, which represent the communication bridge between nervous system and neuroprosthetic device by controlling its movements and evoking sensory feedback. Compared to extraneural electrodes (i.e., epineural and perineural implants), intraneural electrodes, implanted within peripheral nerves, have higher selectivity and specificity of neural signal recording and nerve stimulation. However, being implanted in the nerve, their main limitation is represented by the significant inflammatory response that the body mounts around the probe, known as Foreign Body Reaction (FBR), which may hinder their rapid clinical translation. Furthermore, the mechanical mismatch between the consistency of the device and the surrounding neural tissue may contribute to exacerbate the inflammatory state. The FBR is a non-specific reaction of the host immune system to a foreign material. It is characterized by an early inflammatory phase eventually leading to the formation of a fibrotic capsule around intraneural interfaces, which increases the electrical impedance over time and reduces the chronic interface biocompatibility and functionality. Thus, the future in the reduction and control of the FBR relies on innovative biomedical strategies for the fabrication of next-generation neural interfaces, such as the development of more suitable designs of the device with smaller size, appropriate stiffness and novel conductive and biomimetic coatings for improving their long-term stability and performance. Here, we present and critically discuss the latest biomedical approaches from material chemistry and tissue engineering for controlling and mitigating the FBR in chronic neural implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Gori
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) - National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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30
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Md Yusop AH, Alsakkaf A, Noordin MA, Idris H, Nur H, Szali Januddi F. Degradation-triggered release from biodegradable metallic surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:2184-2198. [PMID: 33983686 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work is dedicated to the investigation of drug-release control by a direct effect of degradation from biodegradable metallic surfaces. Degradation behaviors characterized by surface morphology, immersion, and electrochemical techniques demonstrated that curcumin-coated zinc (c-Zn) had a higher degradation rate compared to curcumin-coated Fe (c-Fe). High anodic dissolution rate due to the higher degradation rate and widely extended groove-like degradation structure of c-Zn propelled a higher curcumin release. On the other hand, a slower curcumin release rate shown by c-Fe scaffolds is ascribed to its lower anodic dissolution and to its pitting degradation regime with relatively smaller pits. These findings illuminate the remarkable advantage of different degradation behaviors of degradable metallic surfaces in directly controlling the drug release without the need for external electrical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hakim Md Yusop
- Center for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Alsakkaf
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azfar Noordin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasbullah Idris
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hadi Nur
- Center for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Central Laboratory of Minerals and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Fatihhi Szali Januddi
- Advanced Facilities Engineering Technology Research Cluster, Facilities Maintenance Engineering Section, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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31
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Khodeir M, Jia H, Vlad A, Gohy JF. Application of Redox-Responsive Hydrogels Based on 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-Piperidinyloxy Methacrylate and Oligo(Ethyleneglycol) Methacrylate in Controlled Release and Catalysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1307. [PMID: 33923527 PMCID: PMC8073720 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have reached momentum due to their potential application in a variety of fields including their ability to deliver active molecules upon application of a specific chemical or physical stimulus and to act as easily recyclable catalysts in a green chemistry approach. In this paper, we demonstrate that the same redox-responsive hydrogels based on polymer networks containing 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) stable nitroxide radicals and oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) can be successfully used either for the electrochemically triggered release of aspirin or as catalysts for the oxidation of primary alcohols into aldehydes. For the first application, we take the opportunity of the positive charges present on the oxoammonium groups of oxidized TEMPO to encapsulate negatively charged aspirin molecules. The further electrochemical reduction of oxoammonium groups into nitroxide radicals triggers the release of aspirin molecules. For the second application, our hydrogels are swelled with benzylic alcohol and tert-butyl nitrite as co-catalyst and the temperature is raised to 50 °C to start the oxidation reaction. Interestingly enough, benzaldehyde is not miscible with our hydrogels and phase-separate on top of them allowing the easy recovery of the reaction product and the recyclability of the hydrogel catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (M.K.); (H.J.); (A.V.)
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32
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Czerwińska-Główka D, Przystaś W, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Student S, Cwalina B, Łapkowski M, Krukiewicz K. Electrically-responsive antimicrobial coatings based on a tetracycline-loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112017. [PMID: 33812635 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The growth of bacteria and the formation of complex bacterial structures on biomedical devices is a major challenge in modern medicine. The aim of this study was to develop a biocompatible, conducting and antibacterial polymer coating applicable in biomedical engineering. Since conjugated polymers have recently aroused strong interest as controlled delivery systems for biologically active compounds, we decided to employ a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix to immobilize a powerful, first-line antibiotic: tetracycline (Tc). Drug immobilization was carried out simultaneously with the electrochemical polymerization process, allowing to obtain a polymer coating with good electrochemical behaviour (charge storage capacity of 19.15 ± 6.09 mC/cm2) and high drug loading capacity (194.7 ± 56.2 μg/cm2). Biological activity of PEDOT/Tc matrix was compared with PEDOT matrix and a bare Pt surface against a model Gram-negative bacteria strain of Escherichia coli with the use of LIVE/DEAD assay and SEM microscopy. Finally, PEDOT/Tc was shown to serve as a robust electroactive coating exhibiting antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wioletta Przystaś
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Beata Cwalina
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
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33
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Olvera D, Monaghan MG. Electroactive material-based biosensors for detection and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:396-424. [PMID: 32987096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive materials are employed at the interface of biology and electronics due to their advantageous intrinsic properties as soft organic electronics. We examine the most recent literature of electroactive material-based biosensors and their emerging role as theranostic devices for the delivery of therapeutic agents. We consider electroactive materials through the lens of smart drug delivery systems as materials that enable the release of therapeutic cargo in response to specific physiological and external stimuli and discuss the way these mechanisms are integrated into medical devices with examples of the latest advances. Studies that harness features unique to conductive polymers are emphasized; lastly, we highlight new perspectives and future research direction for this emerging technology and the challenges that remain to overcome.
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34
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Zhou Z, Sun T, Jiang C. Recent advances on drug delivery nanocarriers for cerebral disorders. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:024104. [PMID: 33455956 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abdc97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapies for brain disorders are generally faced with obstacles from the blood-brain barrier (BBB). There are a variety of drug delivery systems that have been put forward to cross or bypass the BBB with the access to the central nervous system. Brain drug delivery systems have benefited greatly from the development of nanocarriers, including lipids, polymers and inorganic materials. Consequently, various kinds of brain drug delivery nano-systems have been established, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), nanomicelles, nanohydrogels, dendrimers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The characteristics of their carriers and preparations usually differ from each other, as well as their transportation mechanisms into intracerebral lesions. In this review, different types of brain drug delivery nanocarriers are classified and summarized, especially their significant achievements, to present several recommendations and directions for future strategies of cerebral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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35
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Gelmi A, Schutt CE. Stimuli-Responsive Biomaterials: Scaffolds for Stem Cell Control. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001125. [PMID: 32996270 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell fate is closely intertwined with microenvironmental and endogenous cues within the body. Recapitulating this dynamic environment ex vivo can be achieved through engineered biomaterials which can respond to exogenous stimulation (including light, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and magnetic fields) to deliver temporal and spatial cues to stem cells. These stimuli-responsive biomaterials can be integrated into scaffolds to investigate stem cell response in vitro and in vivo, and offer many pathways of cellular manipulation: biochemical cues, scaffold property changes, drug release, mechanical stress, and electrical signaling. The aim of this review is to assess and discuss the current state of exogenous stimuli-responsive biomaterials, and their application in multipotent stem cell control. Future perspectives in utilizing these biomaterials for personalized tissue engineering and directing organoid models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gelmi
- School of Science College of Science, Engineering and Health RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Knight Cancer Institute Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR) Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR 97201 USA
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36
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Bansal M, Dravid A, Aqrawe Z, Montgomery J, Wu Z, Svirskis D. Conducting polymer hydrogels for electrically responsive drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 328:192-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Xu J, Tsai YL, Hsu SH. Design Strategies of Conductive Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225296. [PMID: 33202861 PMCID: PMC7698101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel, with electroconductive properties and high water content in a three-dimensional structure is prepared by incorporating conductive polymers, conductive nanoparticles, or other conductive elements, into hydrogel systems through various strategies. Conductive hydrogel has recently attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field. Using different conductivity strategies, conductive hydrogel can have adjustable physical and biochemical properties that suit different biomedical needs. The conductive hydrogel can serve as a scaffold with high swelling and stimulus responsiveness to support cell growth in vitro and to facilitate wound healing, drug delivery and tissue regeneration in vivo. Conductive hydrogel can also be used to detect biomolecules in the form of biosensors. In this review, we summarize the current design strategies of conductive hydrogel developed for applications in the biomedical field as well as the perspective approach for integration with biofabrication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Xu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.X.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Yu-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.X.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.X.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35 Keyan Road, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-3366-5313; Fax: +886-2-3366-5237
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38
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Puiggalí-Jou A, Cazorla E, Ruano G, Babeli I, Ginebra MP, García-Torres J, Alemán C. Electroresponsive Alginate-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Hydrophobic Drugs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6228-6240. [PMID: 33449669 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive biomaterials have attracted significant attention for the construction of on-demand drug release systems. The possibility of using external stimulation to trigger drug release is particularly enticing for hydrophobic compounds, which are not easily released by simple diffusion. In this work, an electrochemically active hydrogel, which has been prepared by gelling a mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and alginate (Alg), has been loaded with curcumin (CUR), a hydrophobic drug with a wide spectrum of clinical applications. The PEDOT/Alg hydrogel is electrochemically active and organizes as segregated PEDOT- and Alg-rich domains, explaining its behavior as an electroresponsive drug delivery system. When loaded with CUR, the hydrogel demonstrates a controlled drug release upon application of a negative electrical voltage. Comparison with the release profiles obtained applying a positive voltage and in the absence of electrical stimuli indicates that the release mechanism dominating this system is complex because of not only the intermolecular interactions between the drug and the polymeric network but also the loading of a hydrophobic drug in a water-containing delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08930, Spain
| | - Eric Cazorla
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Guillem Ruano
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Ismael Babeli
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08930, Spain.,Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08930, Spain
| | - Jose García-Torres
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08930, Spain.,Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08930, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08930, Spain
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39
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Yang M, Sun LP, Chen B, Liao J, Yuan H, Guan BO. A universal strategy: Rational construction of noble metal nanoparticle-shell/conducting polymer nanofiber-core electrodes with enhanced electrochemical performances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:445602. [PMID: 32693391 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba7e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To address a challenge for decoration of noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs)-shell on conducting polymer nanofiber (CPNF) electrodes (i.e. NMNP-shell/CPNF-core electrodes) for boosting electrochemical performances, a two-step strategy comprising chemical pre-deposition and electrochemical deposition is designed. The strategy shows a high universality in terms of the diversity of NMNP-shell elements (single-element: AgNP-shell, AuNP-shell, PtNP-shell, PdNP-shell; multi-element: Au/Pt/PdNP-shell) and the independence of conductive substrates of electrodes. The shells are composed of high-density NMNPs and have strong adhesion to CPNF-cores. It is demonstrated that in response to a specific applied electrical stimulus, the resulting low doping level of CPNFs facilitates the generation of high-density nucleation sites (small NMNPs) by chemical pre-deposition (as high capability of electron transfer and low resistance to electron transfer from CP chains to NM ions), which is indispensable for the formation of NMNP-shells on CPNF-cores by electrochemical deposition. The decoration of NMNP-shells can significantly enhance the electrochemical performances of CPNF electrodes. Moreover, the great practicality and reliability of NMNP-shell/CPNF-core electrodes in use as an electrocatalytic platform are confirmed. This universal strategy opens up a new avenue to construct high-dimension shell/core-nanostructured electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, People's Republic of China
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41
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Ramírez Sánchez K, Ledezma-Espinoza A, Sánchez-Kopper A, Avendaño-Soto E, Prado M, Starbird Perez R. Polysaccharide κ-Carrageenan as Doping Agent in Conductive Coatings for Electrochemical Controlled Release of Dexamethasone at Therapeutic Doses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092139. [PMID: 32375224 PMCID: PMC7249122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart conductive materials are developed in regenerative medicine to promote a controlled release profile of charged bioactive agents in the vicinity of implants. The incorporation and the active electrochemical release of the charged compounds into the organic conductive coating is achieved due to its intrinsic electrical properties. The anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone was added during the polymerization, and its subsequent release at therapeutic doses was reached by electrical stimulation. In this work, a Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): κ-carrageenan: dexamethasone film was prepared, and κ-carrageenan was incorporated to keep the electrochemical and physical stability of the electroactive matrix. The presence of κ-carrageenan and dexamethasone in the conductive film was confirmed by µ-Raman spectroscopy and their effect in the topographic was studied using profilometry. The dexamethasone release process was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and High-Resolution mass spectrometry. In conclusion, κ-carrageenan as a doping agent improves the electrical properties of the conductive layer allowing the release of dexamethasone at therapeutic levels by electrochemical stimulation, providing a stable system to be used in organic bioelectronics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Ramírez Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica; (A.L.-E.); (A.S.-K.)
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;
- Correspondence: (K.R.S.); (R.S.P.); Tel.: +506-25502731 (R.S.P.)
| | - Aura Ledezma-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica; (A.L.-E.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Kopper
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica; (A.L.-E.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Esteban Avendaño-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;
- School of Physics, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mónica Prado
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;
| | - Ricardo Starbird Perez
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica; (A.L.-E.); (A.S.-K.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.S.); (R.S.P.); Tel.: +506-25502731 (R.S.P.)
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42
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Krukiewicz K, Kowalik A, Turczyn R, Biggs MJP. In vitro attenuation of astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation through ibuprofen-doping of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) formulations. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107528. [PMID: 32294615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is often associated with poor functional recovery and may contribute to or initiate the development of severe neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease. Ibuprofen (IBU), being one of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is known to possess neuroprotective activity and serve as a promising therapeutic for the treatment of neuroinflammation. In this study, the potential of an IBU-loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP) matrix has been assessed as a neural interface material with an aim to control astrocyte activation and suppress neuroinflammation in vitro. Three types of drug immobilization protocols were investigated, leading to the fabrication of IBU-loaded PEDOP matrices exhibiting a broad spectrum of electrical characteristics, drug release profiles, as well as biological responses. Among all investigated PEDOP formulations, PEDOP matrices formed through a three-step immobilization protocol exhibited the highest charge storage capacity (30 ± 1 mC/cm2) as well as a double layer capacitance of 645.0 ± 51.1 µF, associated with a relatively enlarged surface area. Demonstrating a total drug loading capacity of 150 µg/ml and a release rate constant of 0.15 1/h, this coating formulation may be employed as a safe electrical conducting drug eluting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kowalik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Manus J P Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
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43
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Jia M, Rolandi M. Soft and Ion-Conducting Materials in Bioelectronics: From Conducting Polymers to Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901372. [PMID: 31976634 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronics devices that directly interface with cells and tissue have applications in neural and cardiac stimulation and recording, electroceuticals, and brain machine interfaces for prostheses. The interface between bioelectronic devices and biological tissue is inherently challenging due to the mismatch in both mechanical properties (hard vs soft) and charge carriers (electrons vs ions). In addition to conventional metals and silicon, new materials have bridged this interface, including conducting polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, as well as ion-conducting polymers and hydrogels. This review provides an update on advances in soft bioelectronic materials for current and future therapeutic applications. Specifically, this review focuses on soft materials that can conduct both electrons and ions, and also deliver drugs and small molecules. The future opportunities and emerging challenges in the field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Cruz CA 94064 USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Cruz CA 94064 USA
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44
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Mallick SP, Suman DK, Singh BN, Srivastava P, Siddiqui N, Yella VR, Madhual A, Vemuri PK. Strategies toward development of biodegradable hydrogels for biomedical applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1719135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhisham Narayan Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
| | - Venkata Rajesh Yella
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Vemuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
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45
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Sung C, Jeon W, Nam KS, Kim Y, Butt H, Park S. Multimaterial and multifunctional neural interfaces: from surface-type and implantable electrodes to fiber-based devices. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6624-6666. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of neural interfaces from surface electrodes to fibers with various type, functionality, and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Sung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kum Seok Nam
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Khalifa University
- Abu Dhabi 127788
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST)
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46
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Woeppel KM, Zheng XS, Schulte ZM, Rosi NL, Cui XT. Nanoparticle Doped PEDOT for Enhanced Electrode Coatings and Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900622. [PMID: 31583857 PMCID: PMC6842062 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to address material limitations of biologically interfacing electrodes, modified silica nanoparticles are utilized as dopants for conducting polymers. Silica precursors are selected to form a thiol modified particle (TNP), following which the particles are oxidized to sulfonate modified nanoparticles (SNPs). The selective inclusion of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide allows for synthesis of both porous and nonporous SNPs. Nonporous nanoparticle doped polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) films possess low interfacial impedance, high charge injection (4.8 mC cm-2 ), and improved stability under stimulation compared to PEDOT/poly(styrenesulfonate). Porous SNP dopants can serve as drug reservoirs and greatly enhance the capability of conducting polymer-based, electrically controlled drug release technology. Using the SNP dopants, drug loading and release is increased up to 16.8 times, in addition to greatly expanding the range of drug candidates to include both cationic and electroactive compounds, all while maintaining their bioactivity. Finally, the PEDOT/SNP composite is capable of precisely modulating neural activity in vivo by timed release of a glutamate receptor antagonist from coated microelectrode sites. Together, this work demonstrates the feasibility and potential of doping conducting polymers with engineered nanoparticles, creating countless options to produce composite materials for enhanced electrical stimulation, neural recording, chemical sensing, and on demand drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Woeppel
- 3501 Fifth ave, 5065, Pittsburgh, Pa 15213, United States of America
| | - X. Sally Zheng
- 3501 Fifth ave, 5065, Pittsburgh, Pa 15213, United States of America
| | | | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- 3501 Fifth ave, 5065, Pittsburgh, Pa 15213, United States of America
| | - X. Tracy Cui
- 3501 Fifth ave, 5065, Pittsburgh, Pa 15213, United States of America
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47
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Abstract
The widespread use of conducting polymers, especially poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), within the space of bioelectronics has enabled improvements, both in terms of electrochemistry and functional versatility, of conventional metallic electrodes. This short review aims to provide an overview of how PEDOT coatings have contributed to functionalizing existing bioelectronics, the challenges which meet conducting polymer coatings from a regulatory and stability point of view and the possibilities to bring PEDOT-based coatings into large-scale clinical applications. Finally, their potential use for enabling new technologies for the field of bioelectronics as biodegradable, stretchable and slow-stimulation materials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boehler
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zaid Aqrawe
- Department of Anatomy & Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maria Asplund
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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