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Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Majedi FS, Zarubova J, Thauland TJ, Arumugaswami V, Hsiai TK, Bouchard LS, Butte MJ, Li S. Harnessing Biomaterials to Amplify Immunity in Aged Mice through T Memory Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6908-6926. [PMID: 38381620 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The durability of a protective immune response generated by a vaccine depends on its ability to induce long-term T cell immunity, which tends to decline in aging populations. The longest protection appears to arise from T memory stem cells (TMSCs) that confer high expandability and effector functions when challenged. Here we engineered artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) with optimized size, stiffness and activation signals to induce human and mouse CD8+ TMSCs in vitro. This platform was optimized as a vaccine booster of TMSCs (Vax-T) with prolonged release of small-molecule blockade of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β together with target antigens. By using SARS-CoV-2 antigen as a model, we show that a single injection of Vax-T induces durable antigen-specific CD8+ TMSCs in young and aged mice, and generates humoral responses at a level stronger than or similar to soluble vaccines. This Vax-T approach can boost long-term immunity to fight infectious diseases, cancer, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh S Majedi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Timothy J Thauland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Louis-S Bouchard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Manish J Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
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Miwa H, Antao OQ, Kelly‐Scumpia KM, Baghdasarian S, Mayer DP, Shang L, Sanchez GM, Archang MM, Scumpia PO, Weinstein JS, Di Carlo D. Improved Humoral Immunity and Protection against Influenza Virus Infection with a 3d Porous Biomaterial Vaccine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302248. [PMID: 37750461 PMCID: PMC10625058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
New vaccine platforms that activate humoral immunity and generate neutralizing antibodies are required to combat emerging pathogens, including influenza virus. A slurry of antigen-loaded hydrogel microparticles that anneal to form a porous scaffold with high surface area for antigen uptake by infiltrating immune cells as the biomaterial degrades is demonstrated to enhance humoral immunity. Antigen-loaded-microgels elicited a robust cellular humoral immune response, with increased CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and prolonged germinal center (GC) B cells comparable to the commonly used adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide (Alum). Increasing the weight fraction of polymer material led to increased material stiffness and antigen-specific antibody titers superior to Alum. Vaccinating mice with inactivated influenza virus loaded into this more highly cross-linked formulation elicited a strong antibody response and provided protection against a high dose viral challenge. By tuning physical and chemical properties, adjuvanticity can be enhanced leading to humoral immunity and protection against a pathogen, leveraging two different types of antigenic material: individual protein antigen and inactivated virus. The flexibility of the platform may enable design of new vaccines to enhance innate and adaptive immune cell programming to generate and tune high affinity antibodies, a promising approach to generate long-lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Miwa
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Olivia Q. Antao
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Kindra M. Kelly‐Scumpia
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Sevana Baghdasarian
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Daniel P. Mayer
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Lily Shang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Gina M. Sanchez
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Maani M. Archang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- MSTP ProgramDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Philip O. Scumpia
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of DermatologyVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCA90073USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI)University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
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Ren H, Jia W, Xie Y, Yu M, Chen Y. Adjuvant physiochemistry and advanced nanotechnology for vaccine development. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5172-5254. [PMID: 37462107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines comprising innovative adjuvants are rapidly reaching advanced translational stages, such as the authorized nanotechnology adjuvants in mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 worldwide, offering new strategies to effectively combat diseases threatening human health. Adjuvants are vital ingredients in vaccines, which can augment the degree, extensiveness, and longevity of antigen specific immune response. The advances in the modulation of physicochemical properties of nanoplatforms elevate the capability of adjuvants in initiating the innate immune system and adaptive immunity, offering immense potential for developing vaccines against hard-to-target infectious diseases and cancer. In this review, we provide an essential introduction of the basic principles of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination, key roles of adjuvants in augmenting and shaping immunity to achieve desired outcomes and effectiveness, and the physiochemical properties and action mechanisms of clinically approved adjuvants for humans. We particularly focus on the preclinical and clinical progress of highly immunogenic emerging nanotechnology adjuvants formulated in vaccines for cancer treatment or infectious disease prevention. We deliberate on how the immune system can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues (e.g., chirality, deformability, solubility, topology, and chemical structures) of nanotechnology adjuvants incorporated in the vaccines. Finally, we propose possible strategies to accelerate the clinical implementation of nanotechnology adjuvanted vaccines, such as in-depth elucidation of nano-immuno interactions, antigen identification and optimization by the deployment of high-dimensional multiomics analysis approaches, encouraging close collaborations among scientists from different scientific disciplines and aggressive exploration of novel nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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Single-injection COVID-19 subunit vaccine elicits potent immune responses. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:491-500. [PMID: 35948176 PMCID: PMC9357281 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current vaccination schedules, including COVID-19 vaccines, require multiple doses to be administered. Single injection vaccines eliciting equivalent immune response are highly desirable. Unfortunately because unconventional release kinetics are difficult to achieve it still remains a huge challenge. Herein a single-injection COVID-19 vaccine was designed using a highly programmable release system based on dynamic layer-by-layer (LBL) films. The antigen, S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, was loaded in CaCO3 microspheres, which were further coated with tannic acid (TA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) LBL films. The single-injection vaccine was obtained by mixing the microspheres coated with different thickness of TA/PEG films. Because of the unique constant-rate erosion behavior of the TA/PEG coatings, this system allows for distinct multiple pulsatile release of antigen, closely mimicking the release profile of antigen in conventional multiple dose vaccines. Immunization with the single injection vaccine induces potent and persistent S1-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. The sera from the vaccinated animal exhibit robust in vitro viral neutralization ability. More importantly, the immune response and viral inhibition induced by the single injection vaccine are as strong as that induced by the corresponding multiple dose vaccine, because they share the same antigen release profile. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Vaccines are the most powerful and cost-effective weapons against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, current vaccination schedules, including the COVID-19 vaccines, require multiple doses to be administered. Herein a single-injection COVID-19 vaccine is designed using a highly programmable release system. This vaccine releases antigens in a pulsatile manner, closely mimicking the release pattern of antigens in conventional multiple dose vaccines. As a result, one single injection of the new vaccine induces an immune response and viral inhibition similar to that induced by the corresponding multiple-dose vaccine approach.
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Morajkar RV, Kumar AS, Kunkalekar RK, Vernekar AA. Advances in nanotechnology application in biosafety materials: A crucial response to COVID-19 pandemic. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022; 4:347-363. [PMID: 35765656 PMCID: PMC9225943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has adversely affected the public domain causing unprecedented cases and high mortality across the globe. This has brought back the concept of biosafety into the spotlight to solve biosafety problems in developing diagnostics and therapeutics to treat COVID-19. The advances in nanotechnology and material science in combination with medicinal chemistry have provided a new perspective to overcome this crisis. Herein, we discuss the efforts of researchers in the field of material science in developing personal protective equipment (PPE), detection devices, vaccines, drug delivery systems, and medical equipment. Such a synergistic approach of disciplines can strengthen the research to develop biosafety products in solving biosafety problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmi V. Morajkar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akhil S. Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohan K. Kunkalekar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau 403206, Goa, India,Corresponding authors: Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India (A.A. Vernekar); School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau 403206, Goa, India (R.K. Kunkalekar)
| | - Amit A. Vernekar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India,Corresponding authors: Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India (A.A. Vernekar); School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau 403206, Goa, India (R.K. Kunkalekar)
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Young A. T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2022; 10:25151355221115011. [PMID: 36051003 PMCID: PMC9425900 DOI: 10.1177/25151355221115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibodies garner the lion’s share of attention in SARS-CoV-2 immunity, cellular immunity (T cells) may be equally, if not more important, in controlling infection. Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are elicited earlier and are associated with milder disease, than antibodies, and T-cell activation appears to be necessary for control of infection. Variants of concern (VOCs) such as Omicron have escaped the neutralizing antibody responses after two mRNA vaccine doses, but T-cell immunity is largely intact. The breadth and patient-specific nature of the latter offers a formidable line of defense that can limit the severity of illness, and are likely to be responsible for most of the protection from natural infection or vaccination against VOCs which have evaded the antibody response. Comprehensive searches for T-cell epitopes, T-cell activation from infection and vaccination of specific patient groups, and elicitation of cellular immunity by various alternative vaccine modalities are here reviewed. Development of vaccines that specifically target T cells is called for, to meet the needs of patient groups for whom cellular immunity is weaker, such as the elderly and the immunosuppressed. While VOCs have not yet fully escaped T-cell immunity elicited by natural infection and vaccines, some early reports of partial escape suggest that future VOCs may achieve the dreaded result, dislodging a substantial proportion of cellular immunity, enough to cause a grave public health burden. A proactive, rather than reactive, solution which identifies and targets immutable sequences in SARS-CoV-2, not just those which are conserved, may be the only recourse humankind has to disarm these future VOCs before they disarm us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Young
- InvVax, 2265 E. Foohill Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
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Dai J, Wang Y, Wang H, Gao Z, Wang Y, Fang M, Shi S, Zhang P, Wang H, Su Y, Yang M. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Innate Immune Responses and the Potential Application Value of Toll-Like Receptor Immunomodulators in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:948770. [PMID: 35832809 PMCID: PMC9271922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.948770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors that recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to activate innate immune response to clear the invading virus. However, dysregulated immune responses may elicit the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, resulting in the enhancement of immune-mediated pathology. Therefore, a proper understanding of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and TLR-induced immune responses is very important for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 components by TLRs and the downstream signaling pathways that are activated, as well as the dual role of TLRs in regulating antiviral effects and excessive inflammatory responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, this article describes recent progress in the development of TLR immunomodulators including the agonists and antagonists, as vaccine adjuvants or agents used to treat hyperinflammatory responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Dai
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyuan Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingli Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyou Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Yingying Su,
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Ming Yang,
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