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Lin X, Zhang H, Liu W, Dong X, Sun Y. Methylene Blue-Doped Carbonized Polymer Dots: A Potent Photooxygenation Scavenger Targeting Alzheimer's β-Amyloid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44062-44074. [PMID: 37682558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus development of potent scavengers targeting Aβ is considered an effective strategy for AD treatment. Herein, photosensitizer-doped carbonized polymer dots (PS-CPDs) were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using photosensitizer (PS) and o-phenylenediamine (oPD) as precursors, and furtherly applied to inhibit Aβ aggregation via photooxygenation. The inhibition efficiency of such PS-CPDs can be adjusted by varying the type of photosensitizer, and among them, methylene blue-doped carbonized polymer dots (MB-CPDs) showed the strongest photooxygenation inhibition capability. The results demonstrated that under 650 nm NIR light irradiation, MB-CPDs (2 μg/mL) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to efficiently inhibit Aβ fibrillization and disaggregate mature Aβ fibrils and increased the cultured cell viability from 50% to 83%. In vivo studies confirmed that MB-CPDs extended the lifespan of AD nematodes by 4 days. Notably, the inhibitory capability of MB-CPDs is much stronger than that of MB and previously reported carbonized polymer dots. This work indicated that potent photooxygenation carbon dots can be obtained by using a photosensitizer as one of the precursors, and the results have provided new insights into the design of potent photooxygenation carbon nanomaterials targeting Aβ in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Lin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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Moreira DA, Santos SD, Leiro V, Pêgo AP. Dendrimers and Derivatives as Multifunctional Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041054. [PMID: 37111540 PMCID: PMC10140951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. It affects more than 30 million people worldwide and costs over US$ 1.3 trillion annually. AD is characterized by the brain accumulation of amyloid β peptide in fibrillar structures and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates in neurons, both leading to toxicity and neuronal death. At present, there are only seven drugs approved for the treatment of AD, of which only two can slow down cognitive decline. Moreover, their use is only recommended for the early stages of AD, meaning that the major portion of AD patients still have no disease-modifying treatment options. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient therapies for AD. In this context, nanobiomaterials, and dendrimers in particular, offer the possibility of developing multifunctional and multitargeted therapies. Due to their intrinsic characteristics, dendrimers are first-in-class macromolecules for drug delivery. They have a globular, well-defined, and hyperbranched structure, controllable nanosize and multivalency, which allows them to act as efficient and versatile nanocarriers of different therapeutic molecules. In addition, different types of dendrimers display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-prion, and most importantly for the AD field, anti-amyloidogenic properties. Therefore, dendrimers can not only be excellent nanocarriers, but also be used as drugs per se. Here, the outstanding properties of dendrimers and derivatives that make them excellent AD nanotherapeutics are reviewed and critically discussed. The biological properties of several dendritic structures (dendrimers, derivatives, and dendrimer-like polymers) that enable them to be used as drugs for AD treatment will be pointed out and the chemical and structural characteristics behind those properties will be analysed. The reported use of these nanomaterials as nanocarriers in AD preclinical research is also presented. Finally, future perspectives and challenges that need to be overcome to make their use in the clinic a reality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora A Moreira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Leiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Kaygisiz K, Ender AM, Gačanin J, Kaczmarek LA, Koutsouras DA, Nalakath AN, Winterwerber P, Mayer FJ, Räder HJ, Marszalek T, Blom PWM, Synatschke CV, Weil T. Photoinduced Amyloid Fibril Degradation for Controlled Cell Patterning. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200294. [PMID: 36281903 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-like fibrils are a special class of self-assembling peptides that emerge as a promising nanomaterial with rich bioactivity for applications such as cell adhesion and growth. Unlike the extracellular matrix, the intrinsically stable amyloid-like fibrils do not respond nor adapt to stimuli of their natural environment. Here, a self-assembling motif (CKFKFQF), in which a photosensitive o-nitrobenzyl linker (PCL) is inserted, is designed. This peptide (CKFK-PCL-FQF) assembles into amyloid-like fibrils comparable to the unsubstituted CKFKFQF and reveals a strong response to UV-light. After UV irradiation, the secondary structure of the fibrils, fibril morphology, and bioactivity are lost. Thus, coating surfaces with the pre-formed fibrils and exposing them to UV-light through a photomask generate well-defined areas with patterns of intact and destroyed fibrillar morphology. The unexposed, fibril-coated surface areas retain their ability to support cell adhesion in culture, in contrast to the light-exposed regions, where the cell-supportive fibril morphology is destroyed. Consequently, the photoresponsive peptide nanofibrils provide a facile and efficient way of cell patterning, exemplarily demonstrated for A549, Chinese Hamster Ovary, and Raw Dual type cells. This study introduces photoresponsive amyloid-like fibrils as adaptive functional materials to precisely arrange cells on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Kaygisiz
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adriana M Ender
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmina Gačanin
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Alix Kaczmarek
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Koutsouras
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abin N Nalakath
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz J Mayer
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher V Synatschke
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Kamikubo Y, Yamana T, Inoue Y, Sakurai T. Multifaceted analysis of nanotoxicity using primary cultured neurons. NANO EXPRESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac7cfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Various nanomaterials have been produced with the development of nanotechnology, some of which have been reported to have adverse effects on several types of cells, organs, and the environment. It has been suggested that some small nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain, which may be a potential cause of brain diseases. Neuronal cells are vulnerable to hypoxia, hypotrophy, and mechanical and oxidative stress. Therefore, it is essential to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles to neurons accurately. In this report, we describe a primary culture protocol to evaluate the toxicity of nanoparticles on neurons, a potential high-throughput method for assessing the cytotoxicity, and a method for evaluating the effect on neuronal maturation. This report assessed the toxicity of silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, and iron nanoparticles using rat hippocampal neurons, which are used frequently in pharmacological and physiological studies. Based on the methods and protocols we reported in this report, it may be possible to evaluate nanotoxicity to various neurons by using primary cultures of other brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, etc.), spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
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Edr A, Wrobel D, Krupková A, Šťastná LČ, Cuřínová P, Novák A, Malý J, Kalasová J, Malý J, Malý M, Strašák T. Adaptive Synthesis of Functional Amphiphilic Dendrons as a Novel Approach to Artificial Supramolecular Objects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042114. [PMID: 35216229 PMCID: PMC8877797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular structures, such as micelles, liposomes, polymerosomes or dendrimerosomes, are widely studied and used as drug delivery systems. The behavior of amphiphilic building blocks strongly depends on their spatial distribution and shape of polar and nonpolar component. This report is focused on the development of new versatile synthetic protocols for amphiphilic carbosilane dendrons (amp-CS-DDNs) capable of self-assembly to regular micelles and other supramolecular objects. The presented strategy enables the fine modification of amphiphilic structure in several ways and also enables the facile connection of a desired functionality. DLS experiments demonstrated correlations between structural parameters of amp-CS-DDNs and the size of formed nanoparticles. For detailed information about the organization and spatial distribution of amp-CS-DDNs assemblies, computer simulation models were studied by using molecular dynamics in explicit water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Edr
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.E.); (A.K.); (L.Č.Š.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Dominika Wrobel
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Alena Krupková
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.E.); (A.K.); (L.Č.Š.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Lucie Červenková Šťastná
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.E.); (A.K.); (L.Č.Š.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.E.); (A.K.); (L.Č.Š.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Aleš Novák
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Malý
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16828 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jitka Kalasová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16828 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Malý
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Marek Malý
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.E.); (A.K.); (L.Č.Š.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 15, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (D.W.); (A.N.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (T.S.)
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Engineering surface amphiphilicity of polymer nanostructures. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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