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Characterization of URB Series Synthetic Cannabinoids by HRMS and UHPLC–MS/MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of synthetic cannabinoids are included in new psychoactive substances (NPS) and constitute an open research area in analytical pharmaceutical and toxicology when methods are needed to unambiguously identify these substances and their metabolites in biological fluids. A full molecular characterization of five synthetic molecules of the URB series that is able to interact with the endocannabinoid system was achieved with a high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in positive ion electrospray ionization and collisional experiments on the protonated parent ions, obtaining characteristic fragmentation patterns. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole (UHPLC-MS/MS) has also been used, which can help develop methods for screening and confirming synthetic cannabinoids in biological fluids.
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Coussens NP, Auld DS, Thielman JR, Wagner BK, Dahlin JL. Addressing Compound Reactivity and Aggregation Assay Interferences: Case Studies of Biochemical High-Throughput Screening Campaigns Benefiting from the National Institutes of Health Assay Guidance Manual Guidelines. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:1280-1290. [PMID: 34218710 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211026239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compound-dependent assay interferences represent a continued burden in drug and chemical probe discovery. The open-source National Institutes of Health/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NIH/NCATS) Assay Guidance Manual (AGM) established an "Assay Artifacts and Interferences" section to address different sources of artifacts and interferences in biological assays. In addition to the frequent introduction of new chapters in this important topic area, older chapters are periodically updated by experts from academia, industry, and government to include new technologies and practices. Section chapters describe many best practices for mitigating and identifying compound-dependent assay interferences. Using two previously reported biochemical high-throughput screening campaigns for small-molecule inhibitors of the epigenetic targets Rtt109 and NSD2, the authors review best practices and direct readers to high-yield resources in the AGM and elsewhere for the mitigation and identification of compound-dependent reactivity and aggregation assay interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Coussens
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis Laboratory Support, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Douglas S Auld
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Thielman
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jayme L Dahlin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Dahlin JL, Auld DS, Rothenaigner I, Haney S, Sexton JZ, Nissink JWM, Walsh J, Lee JA, Strelow JM, Willard FS, Ferrins L, Baell JB, Walters MA, Hua BK, Hadian K, Wagner BK. Nuisance compounds in cellular assays. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:356-370. [PMID: 33592188 PMCID: PMC7979533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that exhibit assay interference or undesirable mechanisms of bioactivity ("nuisance compounds") are routinely encountered in cellular assays, including phenotypic and high-content screening assays. Much is known regarding compound-dependent assay interferences in cell-free assays. However, despite the essential role of cellular assays in chemical biology and drug discovery, there is considerably less known about nuisance compounds in more complex cell-based assays. In our view, a major obstacle to realizing the full potential of chemical biology will not just be difficult-to-drug targets or even the sheer number of targets, but rather nuisance compounds, due to their ability to waste significant resources and erode scientific trust. In this review, we summarize our collective academic, government, and industry experiences regarding cellular nuisance compounds. We describe assay design strategies to mitigate the impact of nuisance compounds and suggest best practices to efficiently address these compounds in complex biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Dahlin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Douglas S Auld
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ina Rothenaigner
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steve Haney
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Jarrod Walsh
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lori Ferrins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Bruce K Hua
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
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Polina S, Putta VPRK, Gujjarappa R, Singh V, Pujar PP, Malakar CC. P(III)‐Mediated Cascade C‐N/C‐S Bond Formation: A Protocol towards the Synthesis of
N
,
S
‐Heterocycles and Spiro Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saibabu Polina
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bangalore 560029 India
| | | | - Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Langol Imphal 795004 Manipur India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 Punjab India
| | | | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Langol Imphal 795004 Manipur India
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Dahlin JL, Nissink JWM, Francis S, Strasser JM, John K, Zhang Z, Walters MA. Post-HTS case report and structural alert: Promiscuous 4-aroyl-1,5-disubstituted-3-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-one actives verified by ALARM NMR. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4740-4752. [PMID: 26318992 PMCID: PMC6002837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its wide use, not every high-throughput screen (HTS) yields chemical matter suitable for drug development campaigns, and seldom are 'go/no-go' decisions in drug discovery described in detail. This case report describes the follow-up of a 4-aroyl-1,5-disubstituted-3-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-one active from a cell-free HTS to identify small-molecule inhibitors of Rtt109-catalyzed histone acetylation. While this compound and structural analogs inhibited Rtt109-catalyzed histone acetylation in vitro, further work on this series was halted after several risk mitigation strategies were performed. Compounds with this chemotype had a poor structure-activity relationship, exhibited poor selectivity among other histone acetyltransferases, and tested positive in a β-lactamase counter-screen for chemical aggregates. Furthermore, ALARM NMR demonstrated compounds with this chemotype grossly perturbed the conformation of the La protein. In retrospect, this chemotype was flagged as a 'frequent hitter' in an analysis of a large corporate screening deck, yet similar compounds have been published as screening actives or chemical probes versus unrelated biological targets. This report-including the decision-making process behind the 'no-go' decision-should be informative for groups engaged in post-HTS triage and highlight the importance of considering physicochemical properties in early drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Subhashree Francis
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Jessica M Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Kristen John
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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Dahlin JL, Nissink JWM, Strasser JM, Francis S, Higgins L, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Walters MA. PAINS in the assay: chemical mechanisms of assay interference and promiscuous enzymatic inhibition observed during a sulfhydryl-scavenging HTS. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2091-113. [PMID: 25634295 PMCID: PMC4360378 DOI: 10.1021/jm5019093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant resources in early drug discovery are spent unknowingly pursuing artifacts and promiscuous bioactive compounds, while understanding the chemical basis for these adverse behaviors often goes unexplored in pursuit of lead compounds. Nearly all the hits from our recent sulfhydryl-scavenging high-throughput screen (HTS) targeting the histone acetyltransferase Rtt109 were such compounds. Herein, we characterize the chemical basis for assay interference and promiscuous enzymatic inhibition for several prominent chemotypes identified by this HTS, including some pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS). Protein mass spectrometry and ALARM NMR confirmed these compounds react covalently with cysteines on multiple proteins. Unfortunately, compounds containing these chemotypes have been published as screening actives in reputable journals and even touted as chemical probes or preclinical candidates. Our detailed characterization and identification of such thiol-reactive chemotypes should accelerate triage of nuisance compounds, guide screening library design, and prevent follow-up on undesirable chemical matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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Dahlin JL, Walters MA. The essential roles of chemistry in high-throughput screening triage. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:1265-90. [PMID: 25163000 PMCID: PMC4465542 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that academic high-throughput screening (HTS) and virtual HTS triage suffers from a lack of scientists trained in the art and science of early drug discovery chemistry. Many recent publications report the discovery of compounds by screening that are most likely artifacts or promiscuous bioactive compounds, and these results are not placed into the context of previous studies. For HTS to be most successful, it is our contention that there must exist an early partnership between biologists and medicinal chemists. Their combined skill sets are necessary to design robust assays and efficient workflows that will weed out assay artifacts, false positives, promiscuous bioactive compounds and intractable screening hits, efforts that ultimately give projects a better chance at identifying truly useful chemical matter. Expertise in medicinal chemistry, cheminformatics and purification sciences (analytical chemistry) can enhance the post-HTS triage process by quickly removing these problematic chemotypes from consideration, while simultaneously prioritizing the more promising chemical matter for follow-up testing. It is only when biologists and chemists collaborate effectively that HTS can manifest its full promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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Kikura-Hanajiri R, Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Ogata J, Goda Y. Prevalence of New Designer Drugs and Their Legal Status in Japan. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:31-40. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Ogata
- National Institute of Health Sciences
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Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is involved in processes as diverse as control of appetite, perception of pain and the limitation of cancer cell growth and invasion. The enzymes responsible for eCB breakdown are attractive pharmacological targets, and fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors, which potentiate the levels of the eCB anandamide, are now undergoing pharmaceutical development. 'Drugable' selective inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase, a key enzyme regulating the levels of the other main eCB, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, were however not identified until very recently. Their availability has resulted in a large expansion of our knowledge concerning the pharmacological consequences of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition and hence the role(s) played by the enzyme in the body. In this review, the pharmacology of monoacylglycerol lipase will be discussed, together with an analysis of the therapeutic potential of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors as analgesics and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Seraglia R, Traldi P. Mass spectrometry as test bench for medicinal chemistry studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:2695-710. [PMID: 21188582 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review describes how mass spectrometry can be used as a powerful test bench to obtain information on the biological activity of target compounds. Considering that mass spectrometry is based on the chemical reactivity of the analytes, it is possible to investigate the stability of the active compounds, to predict their behaviour in the environment of interest, and to obtain structure-reactivity relationships for new molecules of pharmacological interest. Electron ionization and metastable ion studies give evidence of the correlation between the mutagenic properties of a series of aryl and heteroaryl triazenes and mass spectrometric data. A linear relationship between the energetics of C(O)-O bond cleavage of some carbamic acid O-aryl esters and their FAAH inhibition activity has been proved by electrospray-ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry. An inverse correlation between the stability and cytotoxic activity of some copper complexes has been clearly established by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Moreover, because of the sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry, it has been possible to determine and characterize impurities that in some cases can be the real bioactive compound.
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Björklund E, Norén E, Nilsson J, Fowler CJ. Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase by troglitazone, N-arachidonoyl dopamine and the irreversible inhibitor JZL184: comparison of two different assays. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:1512-26. [PMID: 20735405 PMCID: PMC3010564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drugs used clinically usually have a primary mechanism of action, but additional effects on other biological targets can contribute to their effects. A potentially useful additional target is the endocannabinoid metabolizing enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL). We have screened a range of drugs for inhibition of MGL and compared the observed potencies using different MGL enzyme assays. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH MGL activity was screened using recombinant human MGL (cell lysates and purified enzyme) with 4-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) as substrate. 2-Oleolyglycerol metabolism by rat cerebellar cytosolic MGL and by recombinant MGL was also investigated. KEY RESULTS Among the 96 compounds screened in the NPA assay, troglitazone, CP55,940, N-arachidonoyl dopamine and AM404 inhibited NPA hydrolysis by the lysates with IC(50) values of 1.1, 4.9, 0.78 and 3.1µM, respectively. The potency for troglitazone is in the same range as its primary pharmacological activity, activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. Among PPARγ ligands, the potency order towards human MGL was troglitazone > ciglitazone > rosiglitazone > 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14) -prostaglandin J(2) ≈ CAY 10415 > CAY 10514. In contrast to the time-dependent inhibitor JZL184, the potency of troglitazone was dependent upon the enzyme assay system used. Thus, troglitazone inhibited rat cytosolic 2-oleoylglycerol hydrolysis less potently (IC(50) 41µM) than hydrolysis of NPA by the human MGL lysates. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 'Hits' in screening programmes for MGL inhibitors should be assessed in different MGL assays. Troglitazone may be a useful lead for the design of novel, dual action MGL inhibitors/PPARγ activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Björklund
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Pan B, Wang W, Long JZ, Sun D, Hillard CJ, Cravatt BF, Liu QS. Blockade of 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis by selective monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor 4-nitrophenyl 4-(dibenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl(hydroxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (JZL184) Enhances retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 331:591-7. [PMID: 19666749 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.158162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling mediates depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) and inhibition (DSI), two prominent forms of retrograde synaptic depression. N-Arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), two known eCBs, are degraded by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), respectively. Selective blockade of FAAH and MAGL is critical for determining the roles of the eCBs in DSE/DSI and understanding how their action is regulated. 4-Nitrophenyl 4-(dibenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl(hydroxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (JZL184) is a recently developed, highly selective, and potent MAGL inhibitor that increases 2-AG but not AEA concentrations in mouse brain. Here, we report that JZL184 prolongs DSE in Purkinje neurons in cerebellar slices and DSI in CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices. The effect of JZL184 on DSE/DSI is mimicked by the nonselective MAGL inhibitor methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate. In contrast, neither the selective FAAH inhibitor cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3'-carbomoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester (URB597) nor FAAH knockout has a significant effect on DSE/DSI. JZL184 produces greater enhancement of DSE/DSI in mouse neurons than that in rat neurons. The latter finding is consistent with biochemical studies showing that JZL184 is more potent in inhibiting mouse MAGL than rat MAGL. These results indicate that the degradation of 2-AG by MAGL is the rate-limiting step that determines the time course of DSE/DSI and that JZL184 is a useful tool for the study of 2-AG-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Häcker HG, Grundmann F, Lohr F, Ottersbach PA, Zhou J, Schnakenburg G, Gütschow M. 2-Amino- and 2-alkylthio-4H-3,1-benzothiazin-4-ones: synthesis, interconversion and enzyme inhibitory activities. Molecules 2009; 14:378-402. [PMID: 19145216 PMCID: PMC6253953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic access to 2-sec-amino-4H-3,1-benzothiazin-4-ones 2 was explored. Compounds 2 were available from methyl 2-thioureidobenzoates 1, 2-thioureidobenzoic acids 3, and novel 2-thioureidobenzamides 6, respectively, under different conditions. 2-Alkylthio-4H-3,1-benzothiazin-4-ones 5 have been prepared from anthranilic acid following a two step route. Both, benzothiazinones 2 and 5 underwent ring cleavage reactions to produce thioureas 1 and 6, respectively. Twelve benzothiazinones were evaluated as inhibitors against a panel of eight proteases and esterases to identify one selective inhibitor of human cathepsin L, 2b, and one selective inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase, 5i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Häcker
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; E-mails: (H-G. H.), (F. G.), (F. L.), (P-A. O.), (J. Z.)
| | - Florian Grundmann
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; E-mails: (H-G. H.), (F. G.), (F. L.), (P-A. O.), (J. Z.)
| | - Friederike Lohr
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; E-mails: (H-G. H.), (F. G.), (F. L.), (P-A. O.), (J. Z.)
| | - Philipp A. Ottersbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; E-mails: (H-G. H.), (F. G.), (F. L.), (P-A. O.), (J. Z.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; E-mails: (H-G. H.), (F. G.), (F. L.), (P-A. O.), (J. Z.)
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; E-mail: (G. S.)
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; E-mails: (H-G. H.), (F. G.), (F. L.), (P-A. O.), (J. Z.)
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Thilagavathy R, Kavitha HP, Arulmozhi R, Vennila JP, Manivannan V. 2-Phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 65:o127. [PMID: 21581588 PMCID: PMC2968047 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808042050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title mol-ecule, C(14)H(9)NO(2), is nearly planar with a dihedral angle of 3.72 (4)° beteewn the plane of the phenyl ring and the 3,1-benzoxazin-4-one fragment. The mol-ecules are arranged into stacks parallel to the b axis via π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 4.2789 (11) Å] and the crystal packing is additionally stabilized by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions.
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17
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Kapanda CN, Muccioli GG, Labar G, Draoui N, Lambert DM, Poupaert JH. Search for monoglyceride lipase inhibitors: synthesis and screening of arylthioamides derivatives. Med Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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