1
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Bresinsky M, Strasser JM, Hubmann A, Vallaster B, McCue WM, Fuller J, Singh G, Nelson KM, Cuellar ME, Finzel BC, Ashe KH, Walters MA, Pockes S. Characterization of caspase‐2 inhibitors based on specific sites of caspase‐2‐mediated proteolysis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200095. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Jessica M. Strasser
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | | | | | - William M. McCue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Jessica Fuller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Kathryn M. Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Matthew E. Cuellar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Barry C. Finzel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Karen H. Ashe
- Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- GRECC, Minneapolis VA Hospital Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Michael A. Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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2
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Singh G, Liu P, Yao KR, Strasser JM, Hlynialuk C, Leinonen-Wright K, Teravskis PJ, Choquette JM, Ikramuddin J, Bresinsky M, Nelson KM, Liao D, Ashe KH, Walters MA, Pockes S. Caspase-2 Inhibitor Blocks Tau Truncation and Restores Excitatory Neurotransmission in Neurons Modeling FTDP-17 Tauopathy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1549-1557. [PMID: 35522720 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic and cognitive deficits mediated by a severe reduction in excitatory neurotransmission caused by a disproportionate accumulation of the neuronal protein tau in dendritic spines is a fundamental mechanism that has been found repeatedly in models of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and traumatic brain injury. Synapses thus damaged may contribute to dementia, among the most feared cause of debilitation in the elderly, and currently there are no treatments to repair them. Caspase-2 (Casp2) is an essential component of this pathological cascade. Although it is believed that Casp2 exerts its effects by hydrolyzing tau at aspartate-314, forming Δtau314, it is also possible that a noncatalytic mechanism is involved because catalytically dead Casp2 is biologically active in at least one relevant cellular pathway, that is, autophagy. To decipher whether the pathological effects of Casp2 on synaptic function are due to its catalytic or noncatalytic properties, we discovered and characterized a new Casp2 inhibitor, compound 1 [pKi (Casp2) = 8.12], which is 123-fold selective versus Casp3 and >2000-fold selective versus Casp1, Casp6, Casp7, and Casp9. In an in vitro assay based on Casp2-mediated cleavage of tau, compound 1 blocked the production of Δtau314. Importantly, compound 1 prevented tau from accumulating excessively in dendritic spines and rescued excitatory neurotransmission in cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons expressing the P301S tau variant linked to FTDP-17, a familial tauopathy. These results support the further development of small-molecule Casp2 inhibitors to treat synaptic deficits in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Katherine R. Yao
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jessica M. Strasser
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chris Hlynialuk
- Department of Neurology, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kailee Leinonen-Wright
- Department of Neurology, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter J. Teravskis
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jessica M. Choquette
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Junaid Ikramuddin
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathryn M. Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dezhi Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Karen H. Ashe
- Department of Neurology, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, GRECC, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417, United States
| | - Michael A. Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Neurology, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Bresinsky M, Strasser JM, Vallaster B, Liu P, McCue WM, Fuller J, Hubmann A, Singh G, Nelson KM, Cuellar ME, Wilmot CM, Finzel BC, Ashe KH, Walters MA, Pockes S. Structure-Based Design and Biological Evaluation of Novel Caspase-2 Inhibitors Based on the Peptide AcVDVAD-CHO and the Caspase-2-Mediated Tau Cleavage Sequence YKPVD314. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:20-40. [PMID: 35059567 PMCID: PMC8762753 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first described by Alois Alzheimer over 100 years ago, but there is still no overarching theory that can explain its cause in detail. There are also no effective therapies to treat either the cause or the associated symptoms of this devastating disease. A potential approach to better understand the pathogenesis of AD could be the development of selective caspase-2 (Casp2) probes, as we have shown that a Casp2-mediated cleavage product of tau (Δtau314) reversibly impairs cognitive and synaptic function in animal models of tauopathies. In this article, we map out the Casp2 binding site through the preparation and assay of a series of 35 pentapeptide inhibitors with the goal of gaining selectivity against caspase-3 (Casp3). We also employed computational docking methods to understand the key interactions in the binding pocket of Casp2 and the differences predicted for binding at Casp3. Moreover, we crystallographically characterized the binding of selected pentapeptides with Casp3. Furthermore, we engineered and expressed a series of recombinant tau mutants and investigated them in an in vitro cleavage assay. These studies resulted in simple peptidic inhibitors with nanomolar affinity, for example, AcVDV(Dab)D-CHO (24) with up to 27.7-fold selectivity against Casp3. Our findings provide a good basis for the future development of selective Casp2 probes and inhibitors that can serve as pharmacological tools in planned in vivo studies and as lead compounds for the design of bioavailable and more drug-like small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jessica M. Strasser
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Bernadette Vallaster
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis 55455, United States
| | - William M. McCue
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jessica Fuller
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Alexander Hubmann
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Nelson
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Matthew E. Cuellar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Carrie M. Wilmot
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Barry C. Finzel
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Karen H. Ashe
- Department
of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis 55455, United States
| | - Michael A. Walters
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States,
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany,Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States,Department
of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis 55455, United States,
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4
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Xie Y, Tummala P, Oakley AJ, Deora GS, Nakano Y, Rooke M, Cuellar ME, Strasser JM, Dahlin JL, Walters MA, Casarotto MG, Board PG, Baell JB. Development of Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Potent Glutathione Transferase Omega-1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2894-2914. [PMID: 32105470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferase omega-1 (GSTO1-1) is an enzyme whose function supports the activation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 that are implicated in a variety of inflammatory disease states for which small-molecule inhibitors are sought. The potent reactivity of the active-site cysteine has resulted in reported inhibitors that act by covalent labeling. In this study, structure-activity relationship (SAR) elaboration of the reported GSTO1-1 inhibitor C1-27 was undertaken. Compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity toward purified recombinant GSTO1-1 and for indicators of target engagement in cell-based assays. As covalent inhibitors, the kinact/KI values of selected compounds were determined, as well as in vivo pharmacokinetics analysis. Cocrystal structures of key novel compounds in complex with GSTO1-1 were also solved. This study represents the first application of a biochemical assay for GSTO1-1 to determine kinact/KI values for tested inhibitors and the most extensive set of cell-based data for a GSTO1-1 inhibitor SAR series reported to date. Our research culminated in the discovery of 25, which we propose as the preferred biochemical tool to interrogate cellular responses to GSTO1-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Xie
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Padmaja Tummala
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Aaron J Oakley
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yuji Nakano
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melissa Rooke
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Matthew E Cuellar
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jessica M Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Marco G Casarotto
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Philip G Board
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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5
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Priebbenow DL, Leaver DJ, Nguyen N, Cleary B, Lagiakos HR, Sanchez J, Xue L, Huang F, Sun Y, Mujumdar P, Mudududdla R, Varghese S, Teguh S, Charman SA, White KL, Shackleford DM, Katneni K, Cuellar M, Strasser JM, Dahlin JL, Walters MA, Street IP, Monahan BJ, Jarman KE, Jousset Sabroux H, Falk H, Chung MC, Hermans SJ, Downer NL, Parker MW, Voss AK, Thomas T, Baell JB. Discovery of Acylsulfonohydrazide-Derived Inhibitors of the Lysine Acetyltransferase, KAT6A, as Potent Senescence-Inducing Anti-Cancer Agents. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4655-4684. [PMID: 32118427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput screen designed to discover new inhibitors of histone acetyltransferase KAT6A uncovered CTX-0124143 (1), a unique aryl acylsulfonohydrazide with an IC50 of 1.0 μM. Using this acylsulfonohydrazide as a template, we herein disclose the results of our extensive structure-activity relationship investigations, which resulted in the discovery of advanced compounds such as 55 and 80. These two compounds represent significant improvements on our recently reported prototypical lead WM-8014 (3) as they are not only equivalently potent as inhibitors of KAT6A but are less lipophilic and significantly more stable to microsomal degradation. Furthermore, during this process, we discovered a distinct structural subclass that contains key 2-fluorobenzenesulfonyl and phenylpyridine motifs, culminating in the discovery of WM-1119 (4). This compound is a highly potent KAT6A inhibitor (IC50 = 6.3 nM; KD = 0.002 μM), competes with Ac-CoA by binding to the Ac-CoA binding site, and has an oral bioavailability of 56% in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Priebbenow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David J Leaver
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cleary
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - H Rachel Lagiakos
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Prashant Mujumdar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ramesh Mudududdla
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Swapna Varghese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Silvia Teguh
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Karen L White
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David M Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kasiram Katneni
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew Cuellar
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jessica M Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian P Street
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Brendon J Monahan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Kate E Jarman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Helene Jousset Sabroux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Hendrik Falk
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Matthew C Chung
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Stefan J Hermans
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Natalie L Downer
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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6
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Leaver DJ, Cleary B, Nguyen N, Priebbenow DL, Lagiakos HR, Sanchez J, Xue L, Huang F, Sun Y, Mujumdar P, Mudududdla R, Varghese S, Teguh S, Charman SA, White KL, Katneni K, Cuellar M, Strasser JM, Dahlin JL, Walters MA, Street IP, Monahan BJ, Jarman KE, Sabroux HJ, Falk H, Chung MC, Hermans SJ, Parker MW, Thomas T, Baell JB. Discovery of Benzoylsulfonohydrazides as Potent Inhibitors of the Histone Acetyltransferase KAT6A. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7146-7159. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - H. Rachel Lagiakos
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Cuellar
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jessica M. Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jayme L. Dahlin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael A. Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian P. Street
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Brendon J. Monahan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Kate E. Jarman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Helene Jousset Sabroux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Hendrik Falk
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Matthew C. Chung
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Stefan J. Hermans
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Michael W. Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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7
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Xue L, Shi DH, Harjani JR, Huang F, Beveridge JG, Dingjan T, Ban K, Diab S, Duffy S, Lucantoni L, Fletcher S, Chiu FCK, Blundell S, Ellis K, Ralph SA, Wirjanata G, Teguh S, Noviyanti R, Chavchich M, Creek D, Price RN, Marfurt J, Charman SA, Cuellar ME, Strasser JM, Dahlin JL, Walters MA, Edstein MD, Avery VM, Baell JB. 3,3'-Disubstituted 5,5'-Bi(1,2,4-triazine) Derivatives with Potent in Vitro and in Vivo Antimalarial Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2485-2498. [PMID: 30715882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3,3'-disubstituted 5,5'-bi(1,2,4-triazine) derivatives was synthesized and screened against the erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 line. The most potent dimer, 6k, with an IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) of 0.008 μM, had high in vitro potency against P. falciparum lines resistant to chloroquine (W2, IC50 = 0.0047 ± 0.0011 μM) and artemisinin (MRA1240, IC50 = 0.0086 ± 0.0010 μM). Excellent ex vivo potency of 6k was shown against clinical field isolates of both P. falciparum (IC50 = 0.022-0.034 μM) and Plasmodium vivax (IC50 = 0.0093-0.031 μM) from the blood of outpatients with uncomplicated malaria. Despite 6k being cleared relatively rapidly in mice, it suppressed parasitemia in the Peters 4-day test, with a mean ED50 value (50% effective dose) of 1.47 mg kg-1 day-1 following oral administration. The disubstituted triazine dimer 6k represents a new class of orally available antimalarial compounds of considerable interest for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Hua Shi
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Jitendra R Harjani
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
| | - Julia G Beveridge
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Kung Ban
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Sarah Diab
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane Innovation Park , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Leonardo Lucantoni
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane Innovation Park , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Sabine Fletcher
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane Innovation Park , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Francis C K Chiu
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation , Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Scott Blundell
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation , Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Katherine Ellis
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Stuart A Ralph
- Bio21 Institute , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Grennady Wirjanata
- Global and Tropical Health Division , Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University , Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, Rocklands Drive , Casuarina , Northern Territory 0810 , Australia
| | - Silvia Teguh
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Rintis Noviyanti
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology , Jalan Diponegoro 69 , Jakarta 10430 , Indonesia
| | - Marina Chavchich
- The Department of Drug Evaluation , Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute , Brisbane , Queensland 4052 , Australia
| | - Darren Creek
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division , Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University , Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, Rocklands Drive , Casuarina , Northern Territory 0810 , Australia.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7LJ , U.K
| | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division , Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University , Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, Rocklands Drive , Casuarina , Northern Territory 0810 , Australia
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation , Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Matthew E Cuellar
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development , University of Minnesota , 717 Delaware Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota , United States
| | - Jessica M Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development , University of Minnesota , 717 Delaware Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota , United States
| | - Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Pathology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , 75 Francis Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development , University of Minnesota , 717 Delaware Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota , United States
| | - Michael D Edstein
- The Department of Drug Evaluation , Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute , Brisbane , Queensland 4052 , Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane Innovation Park , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China.,Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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8
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Choi SH, Bosnakovski D, Strasser JM, Toso EA, Walters MA, Kyba M. Transcriptional Inhibitors Identified in a 160,000-Compound Small-Molecule DUX4 Viability Screen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:680-8. [PMID: 27245141 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116651868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a genetically dominant, currently untreatable muscular dystrophy. It is caused by mutations that enable expression of the normally silent DUX4 gene, which encodes a pathogenic transcription factor. A screen based on Tet-on DUX4-induced mouse myoblast death previously uncovered compounds from a 44,000-compound library that protect against DUX4 toxicity. Many of those compounds acted downstream of DUX4 in an oxidative stress pathway. Here, we extend this screen to an additional 160,000 compounds and, using greater stringency, identify a new set of DUX4-protective compounds. From 640 hits, we performed secondary screens, repurchased 46 of the most desirable, confirmed activity, and tested each for activity against other cell death-inducing insults. The majority of these compounds also protected against oxidative stress. Of the 100 repurchased compounds identified through both screens, only SHC40, 75, and 98 inhibited DUX4 target genes, but they also inhibited dox-mediated DUX4 expression. Using a target gene readout on the 640-compound hit set, we discovered three overlooked compounds, SHC351, 540, and 572, that inhibit DUX4 target gene upregulation without nonspecific effects on the Tet-on system. These novel inhibitors of DUX4 transcriptional activity may thus act on pathways or cofactors needed by DUX4 for transcriptional activation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ho Choi
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Darko Bosnakovski
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA University Goce Delcˇ ev-Štip, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Krste Misirkov b.b., 2000 Štip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Jessica M Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erik A Toso
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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9
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Dahlin JL, Nissink JWM, Francis S, Strasser JM, John K, Zhang Z, Walters MA. Post-HTS case report and structural alert: Promiscuous 4-aroyl-1,5-disubstituted-3-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-one actives verified by ALARM NMR. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4740-4752. [PMID: 26318992 PMCID: PMC6002837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its wide use, not every high-throughput screen (HTS) yields chemical matter suitable for drug development campaigns, and seldom are 'go/no-go' decisions in drug discovery described in detail. This case report describes the follow-up of a 4-aroyl-1,5-disubstituted-3-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-one active from a cell-free HTS to identify small-molecule inhibitors of Rtt109-catalyzed histone acetylation. While this compound and structural analogs inhibited Rtt109-catalyzed histone acetylation in vitro, further work on this series was halted after several risk mitigation strategies were performed. Compounds with this chemotype had a poor structure-activity relationship, exhibited poor selectivity among other histone acetyltransferases, and tested positive in a β-lactamase counter-screen for chemical aggregates. Furthermore, ALARM NMR demonstrated compounds with this chemotype grossly perturbed the conformation of the La protein. In retrospect, this chemotype was flagged as a 'frequent hitter' in an analysis of a large corporate screening deck, yet similar compounds have been published as screening actives or chemical probes versus unrelated biological targets. This report-including the decision-making process behind the 'no-go' decision-should be informative for groups engaged in post-HTS triage and highlight the importance of considering physicochemical properties in early drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Subhashree Francis
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Jessica M Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Kristen John
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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10
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Dahlin JL, Nissink JWM, Strasser JM, Francis S, Higgins L, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Walters MA. PAINS in the assay: chemical mechanisms of assay interference and promiscuous enzymatic inhibition observed during a sulfhydryl-scavenging HTS. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2091-113. [PMID: 25634295 PMCID: PMC4360378 DOI: 10.1021/jm5019093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant resources in early drug discovery are spent unknowingly pursuing artifacts and promiscuous bioactive compounds, while understanding the chemical basis for these adverse behaviors often goes unexplored in pursuit of lead compounds. Nearly all the hits from our recent sulfhydryl-scavenging high-throughput screen (HTS) targeting the histone acetyltransferase Rtt109 were such compounds. Herein, we characterize the chemical basis for assay interference and promiscuous enzymatic inhibition for several prominent chemotypes identified by this HTS, including some pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS). Protein mass spectrometry and ALARM NMR confirmed these compounds react covalently with cysteines on multiple proteins. Unfortunately, compounds containing these chemotypes have been published as screening actives in reputable journals and even touted as chemical probes or preclinical candidates. Our detailed characterization and identification of such thiol-reactive chemotypes should accelerate triage of nuisance compounds, guide screening library design, and prevent follow-up on undesirable chemical matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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11
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Bosnakovski D, Choi SH, Strasser JM, Toso EA, Walters MA, Kyba M. High-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of DUX4-induced myoblast toxicity. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:4. [PMID: 24484587 PMCID: PMC3914678 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by epigenetic alterations at the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat locus on chromosome 4, resulting in inappropriate expression of the DUX4 protein. The DUX4 protein is therefore the primary molecular target for therapeutic intervention. Methods We have developed a high-throughput screen based on the toxicity of DUX4 when overexpressed in C2C12 myoblasts, and identified inhibitors of DUX4-induced toxicity from within a diverse set of 44,000 small, drug-like molecules. A total of 1,280 hits were then subjected to secondary screening for activity against DUX4 expressed by 3T3 fibroblasts, for absence of activity against the tet-on system used to conditionally express DUX4, and for potential effects on cellular proliferation rate. Results This allowed us to define a panel of 52 compounds to use as probes to identify essential pathways of DUX4 activity. We tested these compounds for their ability to protect wild-type cells from other types of cell death-inducing insults. Remarkably, we found that 60% of the DUX4 toxicity inhibitors that we identified also protected cells from tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, an oxidative stress-inducing compound. Compounds did not protect against death induced by caspase activation, DNA damage, protein misfolding, or ER stress. Encouragingly, many of these compounds are also protective against DUX4 expression in human cells. Conclusion These data suggest that oxidative stress is a dominant pathway through which DUX4-provoked toxicity is mediated in this system, and we speculate that enhancing the oxidative stress response pathway might be clinically beneficial in FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Bosnakovski
- Lillehei Heart Institute, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Present Address: Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delčev - Štip, Krste Misirkov b.b, 2000 Štip, R. Macedonia
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Lillehei Heart Institute, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jessica M Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Erik A Toso
- Lillehei Heart Institute, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Dahlin JL, Sinville R, Solberg J, Zhou H, Han J, Francis S, Strasser JM, John K, Hook DJ, Walters MA, Zhang Z. A cell-free fluorometric high-throughput screen for inhibitors of Rtt109-catalyzed histone acetylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78877. [PMID: 24260132 PMCID: PMC3832525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) Rtt109 forms a complex with Vps75 and catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56ac) in the Asf1-H3-H4 complex. Rtt109 and H3K56ac are vital for replication-coupled nucleosome assembly and genotoxic resistance in yeast and pathogenic fungal species such as Candida albicans. Remarkably, sequence homologs of Rtt109 are absent in humans. Therefore, inhibitors of Rtt109 are hypothesized as potential and minimally toxic antifungal agents. Herein, we report the development and optimization of a cell-free fluorometric high-throughput screen (HTS) for small-molecule inhibitors of Rtt109-catalyzed histone acetylation. The KAT component of the assay consists of the yeast Rtt109-Vps75 complex, while the histone substrate complex consists of full-length Drosophila histone H3-H4 bound to yeast Asf1. Duplicated assay runs of the LOPAC demonstrated day-to-day and plate-to-plate reproducibility. Approximately 225,000 compounds were assayed in a 384-well plate format with an average Z' factor of 0.71. Based on a 3σ cut-off criterion, 1,587 actives (0.7%) were identified in the primary screen. The assay method is capable of identifying previously reported KAT inhibitors such as garcinol. We also observed several prominent active classes of pan-assay interference compounds such as Mannich bases, catechols and p-hydroxyarylsulfonamides. The majority of the primary active compounds showed assay signal interference, though most assay artifacts can be efficiently removed by a series of straightforward counter-screens and orthogonal assays. Post-HTS triage demonstrated a comparatively small number of confirmed actives with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. This assay, which utilizes five label-free proteins involved in H3K56 acetylation in vivo, can in principle identify compounds that inhibit Rtt109-catalyzed H3K56 acetylation via different mechanisms. Compounds discovered via this assay or adaptations thereof could serve as chemical probes or leads for a new class of antifungals targeting an epigenetic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L. Dahlin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rondedrick Sinville
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Solberg
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Junhong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Subhashree Francis
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jessica M. Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kristen John
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Derek J. Hook
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Miller GA, Bhogal BS, McCandliss R, Strausberg RL, Jessee EJ, Anderson AC, Fuchs CK, Nagle J, Likel MH, Strasser JM. Characterization and vaccine potential of a novel recombinant coccidial antigen. Infect Immun 1989; 57:2014-20. [PMID: 2659532 PMCID: PMC313835 DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.7.2014-2020.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A cDNA clone derived from sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella and encoding the expression product GX3262 was identified using a monoclonal antibody raised against Eimeria acervulina sporozoites. The cDNA fragment containing the coccidial antigen gene was cloned in bacteriophage lambda gt11, transferred to a plasmid, and introduced into Escherichia coli for analysis of the gene products. The strain carrying the plasmid produced GX3262 as part of a fusion protein consisting of the first 1,006 amino acids of E. coli beta-galactosidase and 112 amino acids of the E. tenella protein of approximately 12 kilodaltons. Partially purified antigen, heat-killed recombinant bacterin, and live E. coli containing the recombinant coccidial antigen were used to immunize 1-week-old or newly hatched broiler chicks. Several immunization protocols were utilized, including boosts with partially purified beta-galactosidase-GX3262, bacterin, or small numbers of live E. tenella oocysts. After challenge with an experimental E. tenella infection, the birds were evaluated by scoring cecal lesions to determine the level of protection. The greatest degree of protection was seen after only a single immunization of 2-day-old birds with a live recombinant E. coli preparation. The results presented here identify GX3262 as a potential candidate coccidial vaccine antigen and provide evidence for the first time that newly hatched chickens can be successfully vaccinated with a recombinant antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Miller
- Molecular Biology Department, A. H. Robins Co., Richmond, Virginia 23220
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