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Tummala P, Rooke M, Dahlstrom JE, Takahashi S, Casarotto MG, Fernando N, Hughes MM, O'Neill LAJ, Board PG. Glutathione transferase Omega 1 confers protection against azoxymethane-induced colorectal tumour formation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:853-863. [PMID: 33564842 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by multiple alterations in cytokine expression and is a risk factor for colon cancer. The Omega class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1 regulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) by deglutathionylating NEK7 in the NLRP3 inflammasome. When treated with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS) as a model of IBD, Gsto1-/- mice were highly sensitive to colitis and showed a significant increase in the size and number of colon tumours compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Gsto1-/- mice treated with AOM/DSS had significantly lower serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels as well as significantly decreased interferon (IFN)-γ, decreased pSTAT1 and increased pSTAT3 levels in the distal colon compared with similarly treated WT mice. Histologically, AOM/DSS treated Gsto1-/- mice showed increased active chronic inflammation with macrophage infiltration, epithelial dysplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma compared with AOM/DSS treated WT mice. Thus, this study shows that GSTO1-1 regulates IL-1β and IL-18 activation and protects against colorectal cancer formation in the AOM/DSS model of IBD. The data suggest that while GSTO1-1 is a new target for the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 by small molecule inhibitors, there is a possibility that anti-inflammatory drugs targeting these cytokines may potentiate colon cancer in some situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Tummala
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melissa Rooke
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital and ANU Medical School, The College of Health and Medicine, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - Shuhei Takahashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marco G Casarotto
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nilisha Fernando
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mark M Hughes
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip G Board
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Xie Y, Tummala P, Oakley AJ, Deora GS, Nakano Y, Rooke M, Cuellar ME, Strasser JM, Dahlin JL, Walters MA, Casarotto MG, Board PG, Baell JB. Development of Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Potent Glutathione Transferase Omega-1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2894-2914. [PMID: 32105470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferase omega-1 (GSTO1-1) is an enzyme whose function supports the activation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 that are implicated in a variety of inflammatory disease states for which small-molecule inhibitors are sought. The potent reactivity of the active-site cysteine has resulted in reported inhibitors that act by covalent labeling. In this study, structure-activity relationship (SAR) elaboration of the reported GSTO1-1 inhibitor C1-27 was undertaken. Compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity toward purified recombinant GSTO1-1 and for indicators of target engagement in cell-based assays. As covalent inhibitors, the kinact/KI values of selected compounds were determined, as well as in vivo pharmacokinetics analysis. Cocrystal structures of key novel compounds in complex with GSTO1-1 were also solved. This study represents the first application of a biochemical assay for GSTO1-1 to determine kinact/KI values for tested inhibitors and the most extensive set of cell-based data for a GSTO1-1 inhibitor SAR series reported to date. Our research culminated in the discovery of 25, which we propose as the preferred biochemical tool to interrogate cellular responses to GSTO1-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Xie
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Padmaja Tummala
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Aaron J Oakley
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yuji Nakano
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melissa Rooke
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Matthew E Cuellar
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jessica M Strasser
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jayme L Dahlin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Marco G Casarotto
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Philip G Board
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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3
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Fernando N, Wooff Y, Aggio-Bruce R, Chu-Tan JA, Jiao H, Dietrich C, Rutar M, Rooke M, Menon D, Eells JT, Valter K, Board PG, Provis J, Natoli R. Photoreceptor Survival Is Regulated by GSTO1-1 in the Degenerating Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4362-4374. [PMID: 30193308 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glutathione-S-transferase omega 1-1 (GSTO1-1) is a cytosolic glutathione transferase enzyme, involved in glutathionylation, toll-like receptor signaling, and calcium channel regulation. GSTO1-1 dysregulation has been implicated in oxidative stress and inflammation, and contributes to the pathogenesis of several diseases and neurological disorders; however, its role in retinal degenerations is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSTO1-1 in modulating oxidative stress and consequent inflammation in the normal and degenerating retina. Methods The role of GSTO1-1 in retinal degenerations was explored by using Gsto1-/- mice in a model of retinal degeneration. The expression and localization of GSTO1-1 were investigated with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Changes in the expression of inflammatory (Ccl2, Il-1β, and C3) and oxidative stress (Nox1, Sod2, Gpx3, Hmox1, Nrf2, and Nqo1) genes were investigated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Retinal function in Gsto1-/- mice was investigated by using electroretinography. Results GSTO1-1 was localized to the inner segment of cone photoreceptors in the retina. Gsto1-/- photo-oxidative damage (PD) mice had decreased photoreceptor cell death as well as decreased expression of inflammatory (Ccl2, Il-1β, and C3) markers and oxidative stress marker Nqo1. Further, retinal function in the Gsto1-/- PD mice was increased as compared to wild-type PD mice. Conclusions These results indicate that GSTO1-1 is required for inflammatory-mediated photoreceptor death in retinal degenerations. Targeting GSTO1-1 may be a useful strategy to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and ameliorate photoreceptor loss, slowing the progression of retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilisha Fernando
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yvette Wooff
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,The ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Joshua A Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Haihan Jiao
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Catherine Dietrich
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Matt Rutar
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Melissa Rooke
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Deepthi Menon
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Janis T Eells
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Krisztina Valter
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,The ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Philip G Board
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jan Provis
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,The ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,The ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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4
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Ratnadiwakara M, Rooke M, Ohms SJ, French HJ, Williams RBH, Li RW, Zhang D, Lucas RM, Blackburn AC. The SuprMam1 breast cancer susceptibility locus disrupts the vitamin D/ calcium/ parathyroid hormone pathway and alters bone structure in congenic mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:48-58. [PMID: 30529760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease, and approximately 30% of cases are considered to be hereditary or familial, with a large fraction of this being polygenic. However, it is difficult to demonstrate the functional importance of genes of small effect in population studies, and these genes are not always easily targeted for prevention. The SuprMam (suppressor of mammary tumour) breast cancer susceptibility alleles were previously identified as contributors to spontaneous mammary tumour development in Trp53+/- mice. In this study, we have generated and characterised congenic mice that contain the BALB/c SuprMam1 (susceptibility) locus on a C57BL/6 (resistant) background and discovered a subtle impairment in the vitamin D/ calcium/ parathyroid hormone (PTH) pathway. This was evident as altered gene expression in the mammary glands of key players in this pathway. Further functional analysis of the mice revealed elevated PTH levels, reduced Cyp27b1 expression in kidneys, and reduced trabecular bone volume/ tissue volume percentage. Plasma 25(OH)D and serum calcium were unchanged. This impairment was a result of genetic differences and occurred only in females, but the elevated PTH levels could be overcome with either calcium or vitamin D dietary supplementation. Either low levels of active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) or chronically elevated PTH levels may contribute to increased breast cancer susceptibility. These indicators are not easily measured in human population studies, but either mechanism may be preventable with dietary calcium or vitamin D supplements. Therefore, SuprMam congenic mice could serve as a valuable model for studying the role of gene-hormone-environment interactions of the vitamin D/ calcium/ PTH pathway in cancer and other diseases and for testing preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madara Ratnadiwakara
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Melissa Rooke
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen J Ohms
- ACRF Biomolecular Resource Facility, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hugh J French
- Molecular Systems Biology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Molecular Systems Biology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rachel W Li
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Donghai Zhang
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Anneke C Blackburn
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Menon D, Innes A, Oakley AJ, Dahlstrom JE, Jensen LM, Brüstle A, Tummala P, Rooke M, Casarotto MG, Baell JB, Nguyen N, Xie Y, Cuellar M, Strasser J, Dahlin JL, Walters MA, Burgio G, O’Neill LAJ, Board PG. GSTO1-1 plays a pro-inflammatory role in models of inflammation, colitis and obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17832. [PMID: 29259211 PMCID: PMC5736720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase Omega 1 (GSTO1-1) is an atypical GST reported to play a pro-inflammatory role in response to LPS. Here we show that genetic knockout of Gsto1 alters the response of mice to three distinct inflammatory disease models. GSTO1-1 deficiency ameliorates the inflammatory response stimulated by LPS and attenuates the inflammatory impact of a high fat diet on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. In contrast, GSTO1-1 deficient mice show a more severe inflammatory response and increased escape of bacteria from the colon into the lymphatic system in a dextran sodium sulfate mediated model of inflammatory bowel disease. These responses are similar to those of TLR4 and MyD88 deficient mice in these models and confirm that GSTO1-1 is critical for a TLR4-like pro-inflammatory response in vivo. In wild-type mice, we show that a small molecule inhibitor that covalently binds in the active site of GSTO1-1 can be used to ameliorate the inflammatory response to LPS. Our findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic utility of GSTO1-1 inhibitors in the modulation of inflammation and suggest their possible application in the treatment of a range of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Menon
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia ,0000 0004 1936 9705grid.8217.cSchool of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ashlee Innes
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Aaron J. Oakley
- 0000 0004 0486 528Xgrid.1007.6School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Jane E. Dahlstrom
- 0000 0000 9984 5644grid.413314.0ACT Pathology and ANU Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT 2605 Australia
| | - Lora M. Jensen
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Anne Brüstle
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Padmaja Tummala
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Melissa Rooke
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Marco G. Casarotto
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia ,0000 0000 9389 5210grid.412022.7School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Yiyue Xie
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Matthew Cuellar
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Jessica Strasser
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Jayme L. Dahlin
- 0000 0004 0378 8294grid.62560.37Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael A. Walters
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Luke A. J. O’Neill
- 0000 0004 1936 9705grid.8217.cSchool of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Philip G. Board
- 0000 0001 2180 7477grid.1001.0John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
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Galgamuwa R, Hardy K, Dahlstrom JE, Blackburn AC, Wium E, Rooke M, Cappello JY, Tummala P, Patel HR, Chuah A, Tian L, McMorrow L, Board PG, Theodoratos A. Dichloroacetate Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity without Compromising Cisplatin Anticancer Properties. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3331-3344. [PMID: 26961349 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective anticancer drug; however, cisplatin use often leads to nephrotoxicity, which limits its clinical effectiveness. In this study, we determined the effect of dichloroacetate, a novel anticancer agent, in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI. Pretreatment with dichloroacetate significantly attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in BUN and serum creatinine levels, renal tubular apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Additionally, pretreatment with dichloroacetate accelerated tubular regeneration after cisplatin-induced renal damage. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that dichloroacetate prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and preserved the energy-generating capacity of the kidneys by preventing the cisplatin-induced downregulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation, and of genes involved in the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Notably, dichloroacetate did not interfere with the anticancer activity of cisplatin in vivo. These data provide strong evidence that dichloroacetate preserves renal function when used in conjunction with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine Hardy
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- ACT Pathology and ANU Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Elize Wium
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics and
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Chuah
- Genome Discovery Unit, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Luyang Tian
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Linda McMorrow
- Archaeogeochemistry and Marine Biogeochemistry Groups, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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8
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Blackburn AC, Rooke M, Li Y, Dahlstrom JE, Board PG. Chemoprevention with the metabolism modifying drugs dichloroacetate and metformin in the Li-Fraumeni Syndrome model, Trp53
+/-
mice. Cancer Metab 2014. [PMCID: PMC4073007 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3002-2-s1-p10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gang BP, Rooke M, Mishra S, Dahlstrom JE, Blackburn AC. Abstract 5421: Sensitivity to dichloroacetate is determined by PDK expression. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Warburg effect occurs in 90% of tumours, where there is a high rate of glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. This results in increased lactate production and reduced pyruvate oxidation. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is used clinically for congenital lactic acidosis and can reverse the Warburg effect by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs), activating pyruvate dehydrogenase thus promoting oxidative metabolism of pyruvate. The PDKs have different sensitivities towards DCA inhibition (PDK2>PDK4>PDK1>>PDK3). We have investigated the effects of DCA on cancer growth in vivo and in vitro, and examined the expression of the PDK isoforms to explain variation of cancer cell responses to DCA.
DCA halted the growth of established V14 mouse mammary tumours in vivo, but was ineffective against 4T1 mouse mammary tumours. In 8 human cancer cell lines of breast, colon, pancreatic and prostate origin, 5 mM DCA (48 hr) inhibited growth by 5-40% in vitro. Western blotting for expression of PDK isoforms revealed that the most sensitive T-47D cells expressed PDK2 and low levels of the other PDKs, whereas less sensitive cells expressed high levels of PDK1 and/or PDK3. In siRNA knockdown (kd) experiments, PDK3-kd in MCF7 cells (low DCA sensitivity, high PDK3 levels) increased sensitivity to DCA by 30%, while DCA did not further inhibit growth of PDK2-kd T-47D cells, confirming that sensitivity to DCA growth inhibition is determined by the PDK profiles. PDK1 & 3 are up-regulated in hypoxia, which may reduce the effectiveness of DCA. To the contrary, DCA increased apoptosis in hypoxia in MCF7 cells, suggesting that DCA can enhance effects of other stressors/drugs, an area of ongoing investigation.
Use of the PDK profiles to target DCA sensitive tumours will improve the outcomes of clinical trials using DCA that are currently underway
Citation Format: Bevan P. Gang, Melissa Rooke, Sheenu Mishra, Jane E. Dahlstrom, Anneke C. Blackburn, Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group. Sensitivity to dichloroacetate is determined by PDK expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5421. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5421
Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
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Blackburn AC, Rooke M, Li Y, Dahlstrom JE, Board PG. Chemoprevention with the metabolism modifying drugs dichloroacetate and metformin in Trp53+/- mice. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3326716 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ratnadiwakara M, Rooke M, Williams R, Blackburn AC. Contribution of genetic variation within SuprMam1 and SuprMam2 to breast cancer susceptibility. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3326744 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Blackburn AC, Coggan M, Shield AJ, Cappello J, Theodoratos A, Murray TP, Rooke M, Larter CZ, Koina ME, Dahlstrom JE, Matthaei KI, Board PG. Glutathione transferase kappa deficiency causes glomerular nephropathy without overt oxidative stress. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1572-83. [PMID: 21826057 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase kappa (GSTK1-1) is a highly conserved, mitochondrial enzyme potentially involved in redox reactions. GSTK1-1-deficient mice were generated to further study the enzyme's biological role. Reduced and total glutathione levels in liver and kidney were unchanged by GSTK1-1 deficiency and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression was not elevated indicating that there is no general underlying oxidative stress in Gstk1(-/-) mice. Electron microscopy of liver and kidney showed no changes in mitochondrial morphology with GSTK1-1 deficiency. The death of a number of Gstk1(-/-) males with urinary tract problems prompted close examination of the kidneys. Electron microscopy revealed glomerular basement membrane changes at 3 months, accompanied by detectable microalbuminuria in male mice (albumin:creatinine ratio of 2.66±0.83 vs 1.13±0.20 mg/mmol for Gstk1(-/-) and wild-type (WT), respectively, P=0.001). This was followed by significant foot process effacement (40-55% vs 10% for Gstk1(-/-) and WT, respectively) at 6 months of age in all Gstk1(-/-) mice examined. Kidney tubules were ultrastructurally normal. Compared with human disease, the Gstk1(-/-) kidneys show changes seen in glomerulopathies causing nephrotic syndrome. Gstk1(-/-) mice may offer insights into the early development of glomerular nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke C Blackburn
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the introduction of random breath testing (RBT) in Australia there has been a significant reduction in drink driving, as measured by alcohol-related crashes. In contrast, the prevalence of drug-related road fatalities is on the increase. One strategy that targets drink- and/or drug-driving is the promotion of a designated driver or 'skipper'. This paper determines to what extent the 'skipper' is driving alcohol or drug-free. METHODS A convenience sample of university students from The University of Western Australia completed a questionnaire that included questions on drug and alcohol use while driving as the designated 'skipper'. RESULTS The mean age of the 286 participants was 21 years. Among the students who reported acting as the designated 'skipper' during the past 12 months, 26% of the students drove, as the designated 'skipper,' while feeling the effects of alcohol. Similarly, 18% of students who reported using drugs drove, as the 'skipper', while feeling the effects of the drug. Multivariate analysis identified that the presence of random drug testing would act as a deterrent for drug driving while the designated 'skipper'. CONCLUSION Although three-quarters of designated 'skippers' do not drink and/or drug drive, a sizeable proportion of young drivers continue to place themselves and, more importantly, their passengers and the entire community at an elevated risk of injury. IMPLICATIONS Campaigns that target the responsibility of the 'skipper' and that are included as part of drink-driving campaigns would be beneficial. It is premature to be making recommendations on random drug testing for drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stevenson
- Injury Research Centre, Department of Public Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley.
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