1
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The effect of simvastatin-loaded methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactic acid nanoparticles on osteoblasts. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Hou Q, Wang L, Xiao F, Wang L, Liu X, Zhu L, Lu Y, Zheng W, Jiang X. Dual targeting nanoparticles for epilepsy therapy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12913-12920. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-targeting nanoparticles containing D-T7 peptide and Tet1 peptide were designed for carrying lamotrigine (LTG) to cross the blood–brain barrier and further concentrate at the epilepsy lesions for treating epilepsy with high biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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3
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Yiwen Wang, Gao L, Zhao R, Liu X, Lu M, Yao X, Shen Y. Binding and Release of Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Charge Reversal Cationic Polymers with DNA Studied by Surface Plasmon Resonance. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Li S, Chen B, Qu Y, Yan X, Wang W, Ma X, Wang B, Liu S, Yu X. ROS-Response-Induced Zwitterionic Dendrimer for Gene Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1613-1620. [PMID: 30558421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising therapeutic methods, gene therapy has been playing a more and more important role in treating disease due to its ultra-high therapy efficiency. Even if nonviral gene vectors represented by polycation, liposomal, dendrimers, and zwitterionic materials have made great progress in gene complexation, low immunogenicity, and biocompatibility, intracellular gene release with low toxicity is effectively still a bottleneck restricting the clinical application of gene therapy. We designed and synthesized a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive dendrimer poly(amido amine)- N-(4-boronobenzyl)- N, N-diethyl-2-(propionyloxy)ethan-1-aminium (PAMAM-(B-DEAEP)16) as a gene vector whose potential can vary from positive to negative under the elevated ROS (H2O2) in cancerous cells. Dynamic light scattering results showed that the zeta potential of PAMAM-(B-DEAEP)16 decreased from +12.3 to -5 mV under 80 mM H2O2 in PBS buffer. The 1H NMR results demonstrated that the intermediate status of PAMAM-(B-DEAEP)16 was zwitterionic in ∼6 h because it consisted of the positive quaternary ammonium and negative carboxylic acid simultaneously before the ester bond was completely hydrolyzed. Gel retardation assay showed that PAMAM-(B-DEAEP)16 can condense DNA at above N/P = 1; then, PAMAM-(B-DEAEP)16 transfers to zwitterionic, which begins to continuously release DNA with the decrease in the positive charges and increase in the negative charges, and finally to negatively charged poly(amido amine)-propionic acid (PAMAM-PAc16) in the 80 mM H2O2. Fluorescence-labeled Cy-5 DNA indicated that PAMAM-(B-DEAEP)16 can enter into the cell completely in ∼4 h. The results showed that this compound we designed exhibited higher gene transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than commercial PEI. This is the first time that the positively charged dendrimer was transferred to zwitterionic dendrimer under the stimuli of H2O2 and was successfully applied to gene delivery. Unlike all of the previous reports, we did not seek a compromise between the high gene transfection and low toxicity but find a new avenue to make the gene carrier not only have higher gene transfection efficiency but also exhibit lower toxicity by introducing stimuli-sensitive groups into the positively charged dendrimer to make it capable of adjusting the charge property according to the microenvironment. This study not only provides a good method to design materials for gene delivery but also opens a new perspective to understand the process of gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengran Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Binggang Chen
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yangchun Qu
- Department of Radiology , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Bo Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Sanrong Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Xifei Yu
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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5
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Najafi M, Kordalivand N, Moradi MA, van den Dikkenberg J, Fokkink R, Friedrich H, Sommerdijk NAJM, Hembury M, Vermonden T. Native Chemical Ligation for Cross-Linking of Flower-Like Micelles. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3766-3775. [PMID: 30102855 PMCID: PMC6143283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, native chemical ligation (NCL) was used as a selective cross-linking method to form core-cross-linked thermosensitive polymeric micelles for drug delivery applications. To this end, two complementary ABA triblock copolymers having polyethylene glycol (PEG) as midblock were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The thermosensitive poly isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) outer blocks of the polymers were copolymerized with either N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-cysteine (HPMA-Cys), P(NIPAM- co-HPMA-Cys)-PEG-P(NIPAM- co-HPMA-Cys) (PNC) or N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-ethylthioglycolate succinic acid (HPMA-ETSA), P(NIPAM- co-HPMA-ETSA)-PEG-P(NIPAM- co-HPMA-ETSA) (PNE). Mixing of these polymers in aqueous solution followed by heating to 50 °C resulted in the formation of thermosensitive flower-like micelles. Subsequently, native chemical ligation in the core of micelles resulted in stabilization of the micelles with a Z-average of 65 nm at body temperature. Decreasing the temperature to 10 °C only affected the size of the micelles (increased to 90 nm) but hardly affected the polydispersity index (PDI) and aggregation number ( Nagg) confirming covalent stabilization of the micelles by NCL. CryoTEM images showed micelles with an uniform spherical shape and dark patches close to the corona of micelles were observed in the tomographic view. The dark patches represent more dense areas in the micelles which coincide with the higher content of HPMA-Cys/ETSA close to the PEG chain revealed by the polymerization kinetics study. Notably, this cross-linking method provides the possibility for conjugation of functional molecules either by using the thiol moieties still present after NCL or by simply adjusting the molar ratio between the polymers (resulting in excess cysteine or thioester moieties) during micelle formation. Furthermore, in vitro cell experiments demonstrated that fluorescently labeled micelles were successfully taken up by HeLa cells while cell viability remained high even at high micelle concentrations. These results demonstrate the potential of these micelles for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Najafi
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Science for Life, Faculty of Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neda Kordalivand
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Science for Life, Faculty of Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Laboratory
of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Centre for Multiscale Electron
Microscopy Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Joep van den Dikkenberg
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Science for Life, Faculty of Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Laboratory
of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Centre for Multiscale Electron
Microscopy Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Laboratory
of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Centre for Multiscale Electron
Microscopy Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mathew Hembury
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Science for Life, Faculty of Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Science for Life, Faculty of Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Wang H, Dong M, Khan S, Su L, Li R, Song Y, Lin YN, Kang N, Komatsu CH, Elsabahy M, Wooley KL. Acid-Triggered Polymer Backbone Degradation and Disassembly to Achieve Release of Camptothecin from Functional Polyphosphoramidate Nanoparticles. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:783-788. [PMID: 35650768 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a promising anticancer drug, yet its therapeutic potential has been limited by poor water solubility and facile hydrolysis of the lactone form into an inactive carboxylate form at neutral pH. In this work, a fundamental synthetic methodology was advanced to allow for the preparation of well-defined functional polyphosphoramidate (PPA)-based block copolymers that coassembled with CPT into nanoparticles, which underwent coincident acid-triggered polymer backbone degradation, nanoparticle disassembly, and CPT release. Encapsulation of CPT by the PPA polymer inhibited premature hydrolysis of CPT at pH 7.4 and enabled accelerated CPT release at pH 5.0 (ca. 4× faster than at pH 7.4). Two degradable oxazaphospholidine monomers, with one carrying an alkyne group, were synthesized to access well-defined block PPAs (dispersity, Đ<1.2) via sequential organobase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerizations (ROP). The resulting amphiphilic block copolymers (PEOMP-b-PBYOMP) were physically loaded with CPT to achieve well-dispersed nanotherapeutics, which allowed the aqueous suspension of CPT at concentrations up to 3.2 mg/mL, significantly exceeding the aqueous solubility of the drug (<2.0 μg/mL at 37 °C). Cytotoxicity studies revealed enhanced efficacy of the CPT-loaded nanoparticles over free CPT in cancer cells and similar toxicity in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Mei Dong
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Sarosh Khan
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Lu Su
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Richen Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Yue Song
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Yen-Nan Lin
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nari Kang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Christopher H. Komatsu
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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7
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Reduction-Triggered Transformation of Disulfide-Containing Micelles at Chemically Tunable Rates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8896-8900. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Deng Z, Yuan S, Xu RX, Liang H, Liu S. Reduction-Triggered Transformation of Disulfide-Containing Micelles at Chemically Tunable Rates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; i ChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Ronald X. Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Haojun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; i ChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; i ChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
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9
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Xu J, Sun S, Wang Z, Peng S, Hu S, Zhang L. pH-Induced evolution of surface patterns in micelles assembled from dirhamnolipids: dissipative particle dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9460-9470. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation is used to study the effect of pH on the morphological transition in micelles assembled from dirhamnolipids (diRLs), and analyze the pH-driven mechanism and influence factors of micellar surface patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Shuangqing Sun
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Shiyuan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Songqing Hu
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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10
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Guo Y, Li J, Chai S, Yao J. Nanomaterials for the optical detection of fluoride. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17667-17680. [PMID: 29135001 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05981g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to fluoride ions (F-) causes serious diseases in human beings. Extensive efforts have been made to develop sensitive and selective approaches for F- detection and a variety of F- sensors have been constructed recently. The burgeoning nanotechnology has provided novel materials for F- analysis due to the extraordinary properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we present the recent advances in different nanomaterials-based approaches for the optical F- detection via colorimetric, fluorescent and chemiluminescent responses. The materials include gold nanomaterials, CeO2 nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, metal-organic frameworks, upconversion nanoparticles, micellar nanoparticles, polymer dots, SiO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide. The recent trends and challenges in the optical detection of F- with various nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
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11
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Shi B, Zheng M, Tao W, Chung R, Jin D, Ghaffari D, Farokhzad OC. Challenges in DNA Delivery and Recent Advances in Multifunctional Polymeric DNA Delivery Systems. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2231-2246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Shi
- International
Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zheng
- International
Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for
Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Roger Chung
- Faculty
of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Institute
for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Dariush Ghaffari
- Center for
Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for
Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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12
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Qiu N, Liu X, Zhong Y, Zhou Z, Piao Y, Miao L, Zhang Q, Tang J, Huang L, Shen Y. Esterase-Activated Charge-Reversal Polymer for Fibroblast-Exempt Cancer Gene Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10613-10622. [PMID: 27786373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective gene expression in tumors via responsive dissociation of polyplexes triggered by intracellular signals is demonstrated. An esterase-responsive charge-reversal polymer mediates selective gene expression in the cancer cells high in esterases over fibroblasts low in esterase activity. Its gene therapy with the TRAIL suicide gene effectively induces apoptosis of HeLa cells but does not activate fibroblasts to secrete WNT16B, enabling potent cancer gene therapy with few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasha Qiu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yin Zhong
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Qianzhi Zhang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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13
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Liu X, Xiang J, Zhu D, Jiang L, Zhou Z, Tang J, Liu X, Huang Y, Shen Y. Fusogenic Reactive Oxygen Species Triggered Charge-Reversal Vector for Effective Gene Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1743-1752. [PMID: 26663349 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel fusogenic lipidic polyplex (FLPP) vector is designed to fuse with cell membranes, mimicking viropexis, and eject the polyplex into the cytosol, where the cationic polymer is subsequently oxidized by intracellular reactive oxygen species and converts to being negatively charged, efficiently releasing the DNA. The vector delivering suicide gene achieves significantly better inhibition of tumor growth than doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dingcheng Zhu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liming Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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14
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Li J, Zha Z, Ge Z. Thermo-Responsive Polyplex Micelles with PEG Shells and PNIPAM Layer to Protect DNA Cores for Systemic Gene Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1445:269-76. [PMID: 27436325 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3718-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous achievement of prolonged retention in blood circulation and efficient gene transfection activity in target tissues has always been a major challenge hindering in vivo applications of nonviral gene vectors via systemic administration. The engineered strategies for efficient systemic gene delivery are under wide investigation. These approaches include the thermo-responsive formation of a hydrophobic intermediate layer on PEG-shielded polyplex micelles. Herein, we constructed novel rod-shaped ternary polyplex micelles (TPMs) via complexation between the mixed block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly{N'-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]aspartamide} (PEG-b-PAsp(DET)) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-PAsp(DET) (PNIPAM-b-PAsp(DET)) and plasmid DNA (pDNA) at room temperature (RT), exhibiting distinct temperature-responsive formation of a hydrophobic intermediate layer between PEG shells and pDNA cores through facile temperature increase from RT to body temperature (~37 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zengshi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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15
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Ma S, Zhou J, Wali ARM, He Y, Xu X, Tang JZ, Gu Z. Self-assembly of pH-sensitive fluorinated peptide dendron functionalized dextran nanoparticles for on-demand intracellular drug delivery. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:219. [PMID: 26238777 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the amphiphilic fluorinated peptide dendrons functionalized dextran (FPD-HZN-Dex) via an acid-sensitive hydrazone linkage was successfully designed and prepared for the first time. We demonstrated a spontaneous self-assembly of amphiphilic FPD-HZN-Dex into the well-defined nanoparticles with the core-shell architecture in aqueous media, which is attributed to the efficient amphiphilic functionalization of dextran by the hydrophobic fluorinated peptide dendrons. The spherical morphology, uniform particle size and good storage stability of the prepared FPD-HZN-Dex nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. In vitro drug release studies showed a controlled and pH dependent hydrophobic drug release profile. The cell viability assays show excellent biocompatibility of the FPD-HZN-Dex nanoparticles for both normal cells and tumor cells. Moreover, the FPD-HZN-Dex self-assembled systems based on pH-sensitive hydrazone linkage also can serve as stimulus bioresponsive carriers for on-demand intracellular drug delivery. These self-assembled nanoparticles exhibit a stimulus-induced response to endo/lysosome pH (pH 5.0) that causes their disassembly over time, enabling controlled release of encapsulated DOX. This work has unveiled a unique non-covalent interaction useful for engineering amphiphilic dendrons or dendrimers self-assembled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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16
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Williford JM, Santos JL, Shyam R, Mao HQ. Shape Control in Engineering of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Delivery. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:894-907. [PMID: 26146550 PMCID: PMC4486355 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of therapeutics holds great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases. Significant advances have been made in the design of new polymeric nanoparticle carriers through modulation of their physical and chemical structures and biophysical properties. Nanoparticle shape has been increasingly proposed as an important attribute dictating their transport properties in biological milieu. In this review, we highlight three major methods for preparing polymeric nanoparticles that allow for exquisite control of particle shape. Special attention is given to various approaches to controlling nanoparticle shape by tuning copolymer structural parameters and assembly conditions. This review also provides comparisons of these methods in terms of their unique capabilities, materials choices, and specific delivery cargos, and summarizes the biological effects of nanoparticle shape on transport properties at the tissue and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Michael Williford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Jose Luis Santos
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Rishab Shyam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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17
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Intraventricular Delivery of siRNA Nanoparticles to the Central Nervous System. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e242. [PMID: 25965552 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease currently lacking effective treatment. Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles may emerge as a viable therapeutic approach to treat AD and other central nervous system disorders. We report here the use of a linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI)-g-polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymer-based micellar nanoparticle system to deliver siRNA targeting BACE1 and APP, two therapeutic targets of AD. Using LPEI-siRNA nanoparticles against either BACE1 or APP in cultured mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells, we observe selective knockdown, respectively, of BACE1 or APP. The encapsulation of siRNA by LPEI-g-PEG carriers, with different grafting degrees of PEG, leads to the formation of micellar nanoparticles with distinct morphologies, including worm-like, rod-like, or spherical nanoparticles. By infusing these shaped nanoparticles into mouse lateral ventricles, we show that rod-shaped nanoparticles achieved the most efficient knockdown of BACE1 in the brain. Furthermore, such knockdown is evident in spinal cords of these treated mice. Taken together, our findings indicate that the shape of siRNA-encapsulated nanoparticles is an important determinant for their delivery and gene knockdown efficiency in the central nervous system.
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18
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Li J, Chen Q, Zha Z, Li H, Toh K, Dirisala A, Matsumoto Y, Osada K, Kataoka K, Ge Z. Ternary polyplex micelles with PEG shells and intermediate barrier to complexed DNA cores for efficient systemic gene delivery. J Control Release 2015; 209:77-87. [PMID: 25912408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous achievement of prolonged retention in blood circulation and efficient gene transfection activity in target tissues has always been a major challenge hindering in vivo applications of nonviral gene vectors via systemic administration. Herein, we constructed novel rod-shaped ternary polyplex micelles (TPMs) via complexation between the mixed block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly{N'-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]aspartamide} (PEG-b-PAsp(DET)) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-PAsp(DET) (PNIPAM-b-PAsp(DET)) and plasmid DNA (pDNA) at room temperature, exhibiting distinct temperature-responsive formation of a hydrophobic intermediate layer between PEG shells and pDNA cores through facile temperature increase from room temperature to body temperature (~37 °C). As compared with binary polyplex micelles of PEG-b-PAsp(DET) (BPMs), TPMs were confirmed to condense pDNA into a more compact structure, which achieved enhanced tolerability to nuclease digestion and strong counter polyanion exchange. In vitro gene transfection results demonstrated TPMs exhibiting enhanced gene transfection efficiency due to efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape. Moreover, in vivo performance evaluation after intravenous injection confirmed that TPMs achieved significantly prolonged blood circulation, high tumor accumulation, and promoted gene expression in tumor tissue. Moreover, TPMs loading therapeutic pDNA encoding an anti-angiogenic protein remarkably suppressed tumor growth following intravenous injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest TPMs with PEG shells and facilely engineered intermediate barrier to inner complexed pDNA have great potentials as systemic nonviral gene vectors for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230 026, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Zengshi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230 026, China
| | - Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230 026, China
| | - Kazuko Toh
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0 033, Japan
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yu Matsumoto
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0 033, Japan
| | - Kensuke Osada
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0 033, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230 026, China.
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19
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Win KY, Teng CP, Ye E, Low M, Han MY. Evaluation of polymeric nanoparticle formulations by effective imaging and quantitation of cellular uptake for controlled delivery of doxorubicin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1197-204. [PMID: 25400129 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Various polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively engineered for applications in controlled drug release delivery in the last decades. Currently, there is a great demand to develop a strategy to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate these polymeric nanoparticle formulations for producing innovative delivery systems. In this work, a screening platform is developed using luminescent quantum dots as drug model and imaging label to evaluate nanoparticle formulations incorporating either hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs and imaging agents. It is validated that there is no influence of the incorporated entities on the cellular uptake profile. The use of quantum dots enables efficient detection and precise quantitation of cellular uptake of particles which occupy 25% of the cell volume. The correlation of quantum dot- and doxorubicin-incorporated nanoparticles is useful to develop an evaluation platform for nanoparticle formulations through imaging and quantitation. This platform is also used to observe the surface properties effect of other polymers such as chitosan and poly(ethylene) glycol on the cellular interaction and uptake. Moreover, quantum dots can be used to study microparticle theranostic delivery formulations by deliberately incorporating as visible ring surrounding the microparticles for their easy identifying and tracing in diagnostic and chemotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Yin Win
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology, and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602
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20
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Ma L, Baumgartner R, Zhang Y, Song Z, Cai K, Cheng J. UV-responsive degradable polymers derived from 1-(4-aminophenyl) ethane-1,2-diol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Ryan Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Kaimin Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
- Department of Chemistry; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
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21
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Feng G, Chen H, Li J, Huang Q, Gupte MJ, Liu H, Song Y, Ge Z. Gene therapy for nucleus pulposus regeneration by heme oxygenase-1 plasmid DNA carried by mixed polyplex micelles with thermo-responsive heterogeneous coronas. Biomaterials 2015; 52:1-13. [PMID: 25818409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Safe and high-efficiency gene therapy for nucleus pulposus (NP) regeneration was urgently desired to treat disc degeneration-associated diseases. In this work, an efficient nonviral cationic block copolymer gene delivery system was used to deliver therapeutic plasmid DNA (pDNA), which was prepared via complexation between the mixed cationic block copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly{N-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoehtyl]aspartamide} [PEG-b-PAsp(DET)] and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-PAsp(DET) [PNIPAM-b-PAsp(DET)], and pDNA at 25 °C. The mixed polyplex micelles (MPMs) containing heterogeneous coronas with hydrophobic and hydrophilic microdomains coexisting could be obtained upon heating from 25 to 37 °C, which showed high tolerability against nuclease and strong resistance towards protein adsorption. The gene transfection efficiency of MPMs in NP cells was significantly higher than that of regular polyplex micelles prepared from sole block copolymer of PEG-b-PAsp(DET) (SPMs) in in vitro and in vivo evaluation due to the synergistic effect of improved colloidal stability and low cytotoxicity. High expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in NP cells transfected by MPMs loading HO-1 pDNA significantly decreased the expression activity of matrix metalloproteinases 3 (MMP-3) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and simultaneously increased the NP phenotype-associated genes such as aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX-9. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of MPMs loading pDNA were tested to treat disc degeneration induced by stab injury. The results demonstrated that administration of HO-1 pDNA carried by MPMs in rat tail discs apparently reduced inflammatory responses induced by need stab and increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, finally achieving better therapeutic efficacy as compared with SPMs. Consequently, MPMs loading HO-1 pDNA were demonstrated to be potential as a safe and high-efficiency nonviral gene delivery system for retarding or regenerating the degenerative discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganjun Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Technology Center for Public Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Technology Center for Public Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Melanie J Gupte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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22
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Talelli M, Barz M, Rijcken CJ, Kiessling F, Hennink WE, Lammers T. Core-Crosslinked Polymeric Micelles: Principles, Preparation, Biomedical Applications and Clinical Translation. NANO TODAY 2015; 10:93-117. [PMID: 25893004 PMCID: PMC4398985 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles (PM) are extensively used to improve the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Many different PM have been designed and evaluated over the years, and some of them have steadily progressed through clinical trials. Increasing evidence suggests, however, that for prolonged circulation times and for efficient EPR-mediated drug targeting to tumors and to sites of inflammation, PM need to be stabilized, to prevent premature disintegration. Core-crosslinking is among the most popular methods to improve the in vivo stability of PM, and a number of core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPM) have demonstrated promising efficacy in animal models. The latter is particularly true for CCPM in which (pro-) drugs are covalently entrapped. This ensures proper drug retention in the micelles during systemic circulation, efficient drug delivery to pathological sites via EPR, and tailorable drug release kinetics at the target site. We here summarize recent advances in the CCPM field, addressing the chemistry involved in preparing them, their in vitro and in vivo performance, potential biomedical applications, and guidelines for efficient clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Talelli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands
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23
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Tang L, Yin Q, Xu Y, Zhou Q, Cai K, Yen J, Dobrucki LW, Cheng J. Bioorthogonal Oxime Ligation Mediated In Vivo Cancer Targeting. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2182-2186. [PMID: 26146536 PMCID: PMC4486360 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report an in vivo cancer targeting strategy mediated by bioorthogonal oxime ligation.
Current cancer targeting relying on specific biological interaction between the cell surface antigen and respective antibody or its analogue has proven to be effective in the treatment of different cancers; however, this strategy has its own limitations, such as the heterogeneity of cancer cells and immunogenicity of the biomacromolecule binding ligands. Bioorthogonal chemical conjugation has emerged as an attractive alternative to biological interaction for in vivo cancer targeting. Here, we report an in vivo cancer targeting strategy mediated by bioorthogonal oxime ligation. An oxyamine group, the artificial target, is introduced onto 4T1 murine breast cancer cells through liposome delivery and fusion. Poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) are surface-functionalized with aldehyde groups as targeting ligands. The improved in vivo cancer targeting of PEG-PLA NPs is achieved through specific and efficient chemical reaction between the oxyamine and aldehyde groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Tel: +1 217-244-3924
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Tel: +1 217-244-3924
| | - Yunxiang Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Tel: +1 217-244-3924
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Kaimin Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Tel: +1 217-244-3924
| | - Jonathan Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Tel: +1 217-244-3924
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Tel: +1 217-244-3924 ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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24
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Controlled co-delivery nanocarriers based on mixed micelles formed from cyclodextrin-conjugated and cross-linked copolymers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:486-92. [PMID: 25311963 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of multiple drugs within a single nanocarrier can provide significant advantages for disease therapy and it is desirable to introduce a second drug based on host-guest interaction in these co-delivery systems. In this study, a core-stabilized mixed micellar system consisting of β-cyclodextrin-conjugated poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (β-CD-PLA-mPEG) and DL-Thioctic acid (TA) terminated PLA-mPEG (TA-PLA-mPEG) was developed for the co-delivery of DOX and fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled adamantane (FA). DOX can be loaded within the hydrophobic segment of PLA and FA may form stable complexation with β-CD in the core. The mixed micelles (MM) are based on well-accepted medical materials and can be easily cross-linked by adding 1,4-dithio-D,L-threitol (DTT), which can enhance the stability of the system. Drug-loaded MM system was characterized in terms of particle size, morphology, drug loading and in vitro release profile. Cytotoxicity test showed that blank MM alone showed negligible cytotoxicity whereas the drug-loaded MM remained relatively high cytotoxicity for HeLa cancer cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrated that the MM could efficiently deliver and release DOX and FA in the same tumor cells to effectively improve drugs' bioavailability. These results suggested that the core-stabilized MM are highly promising for intracellular co-delivery of multiple drugs.
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25
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Li Y, Li J, Chen B, Chen Q, Zhang G, Liu S, Ge Z. Polyplex Micelles with Thermoresponsive Heterogeneous Coronas for Prolonged Blood Retention and Promoted Gene Transfection. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2914-23. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500532x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junjie Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Biao Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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26
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Lu M, Ho YP, Grigsby CL, Nawaz AA, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing method for polyplex synthesis. ACS NANO 2014; 8:332-9. [PMID: 24341632 PMCID: PMC3999362 DOI: 10.1021/nn404193e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Successful intracellular delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics relies on multiaspect optimization, one of which is formulation. While there has been ample innovation on chemical design of polymeric gene carriers, the same cannot be said for physical processing of polymer-DNA nanocomplexes (polyplexes). Conventional synthesis of polyplexes by bulk mixing depends on the operators' experience. The poorly controlled bulk mixing process may also lead to batch-to-batch variation and consequent irreproducibility. Here, we synthesize polyplexes by using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing (3D-HF) technique in a single-layered, planar microfluidic device. Without any additional chemical treatment or postprocessing, the polyplexes prepared by the 3D-HF method show smaller size, slower aggregation rate, and higher transfection efficiency, while exhibiting reduced cytotoxicity compared to the ones synthesized by conventional bulk mixing. In addition, by introducing external acoustic perturbation, mixing can be further enhanced, leading to even smaller nanocomplexes. The 3D-HF method provides a simple and reproducible process for synthesizing high-quality polyplexes, addressing a critical barrier in the eventual translation of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Lu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Christopher L. Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Yen J, Yin L, Cheng J. Enhanced Non-Viral Gene Delivery to Human Embryonic Stem Cells via Small Molecule-Mediated Transient Alteration of Cell Structure. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8098-8105. [PMID: 26005572 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery into human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)is an important tool for controlling cell fate. However, the delivery efficiency remains low due in part to the tight colony structure of the cells which prevents effective exposure towards delivery vectors. We herein report a novel approach to enhance non-viral gene delivery to hESCs by transiently altering the cell and colony structure. (R)-(+)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632), a small molecule that inhibits the rho-associated protein kinase pathway, is utilized to induce transient colony spreading which leads to increased transfection efficiency by 1.5 to 2 folds in a spectrum of non-viral transfection reagents including Lipofectamine 2000 and Fugene HD. After removal of Y-27632 post-transfection, cells can revert back to its normal state and do not show alteration of pluripotency. This approach provides a simple, effective tool to enhance non-viral gene delivery into adherent hESCs for genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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28
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Yin L, Tang H, Kim KH, Zheng N, Song Z, Gabrielson NP, Lu H, Cheng J. Light-responsive helical polypeptides capable of reducing toxicity and unpacking DNA: toward nonviral gene delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9182-9186. [PMID: 23832670 PMCID: PMC4232450 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Nathan P. Gabrielson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
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29
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Yin L, Tang H, Kim KH, Zheng N, Song Z, Gabrielson NP, Lu H, Cheng J. Light‐Responsive Helical Polypeptides Capable of Reducing Toxicity and Unpacking DNA: Toward Nonviral Gene Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://cheng.matse.illinois.edu/
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://cheng.matse.illinois.edu/
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://cheng.matse.illinois.edu/
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://cheng.matse.illinois.edu/
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://cheng.matse.illinois.edu/
| | - Nathan P. Gabrielson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://cheng.matse.illinois.edu/
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://cheng.matse.illinois.edu/
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://cheng.matse.illinois.edu/
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30
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Yin L, Song Z, Kim KH, Zheng N, Gabrielson NP, Cheng J. Non-viral gene delivery via membrane-penetrating, mannose-targeting supramolecular self-assembled nanocomplexes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3063-70. [PMID: 23417835 PMCID: PMC3757134 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201205088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembled nanocomplexes (SSANs) capable of mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis and permeable to cellular and endosomal membranes are developed via the assembly of multiple rationally designed, function-specific materials. As a unique non-viral gene delivery vector, SSANs outperform commercial transfection reagents, including LPF2000, PEI, and jetPEI, by up to 2 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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31
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Ditto AJ, Reho JJ, Shah KN, Smolen JA, Holda JH, Ramirez RJ, Yun YH. In vivo gene delivery with L-tyrosine polyphosphate nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1836-44. [PMID: 23510151 DOI: 10.1021/mp300623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of gene therapy is promising; however, the perceived risks and side effects associated with this technology have severely dampened the researchers' enthusiasm. Thus, the development of a nonviral gene vector without immunological effects and with high transfection efficiency is necessary. Currently, most nonviral vectors have failed to achieve the in vivo transfection efficiencies of viral vectors due to their toxicity, rapid clearance, and/or inappropriate release rates. Although our previous studies have successfully demonstrated the controlled-release of plasmid DNA (pDNA) polyplexes encapsulated into nanoparticles formulated with l-tyrosine polyphosphate (LTP-pDNA nanoparticles), the in vivo transfection capabilities and immunogenicity of this delivery system have yet to be examined. Thus, we evaluate LTP-pDNA nanoparticles in an in vivo setting via injection into rodent uterine tissue. Our results demonstrate through X-gal staining and immunohistochemistry of uterine tissue that transfection has successfully occurred after a nine-day incubation. In contrast, the results for the control nanoparticles show results similar to those of shams. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the injected tissues confirms the transfection in vivo. To examine the immunogenicity, the l-tyrosine polyphosphate (LTP) nanoparticles have been evaluated in a mouse model. No significant differences in the activation of the innate immune system are observed. These data provide the first report for the potential use of controlled-release nanoparticles formulated from an amino acid based polymer as an in vivo nonviral vector for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ditto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Olson Research Center, Akron, Ohio 44325-0302, United States
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32
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Jiang X, Qu W, Pan D, Ren Y, Williford JM, Cui H, Luijten E, Mao HQ. Plasmid-templated shape control of condensed DNA-block copolymer nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:227-32. [PMID: 23055399 PMCID: PMC3918481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
DNA-containing micellar nanoparticles with distinctly different and highly uniform morphologies are prepared via condensation of plasmid DNA with a block copolymer of polyethylene glycol and a polycation in solvents of different polarity. Molecular dynamics simulations explain the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218; Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - John-Michael Williford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Erik Luijten
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208; Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218; Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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33
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Yen J, Zhang Y, Gabrielson NP, Yin L, Guan L, Chaudhury I, Lu H, Wang F, Cheng J. Cationic, helical polypeptide-based gene delivery for IMR-90 fibroblasts and human embryonic stem cells. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:719-727. [PMID: 23997932 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diblock copolymers consisting of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(γ-4-(((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)methyl)benzyl-L-glutamate) (PEG-b-PVBLG-8) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to mediate gene delivery in hard-to-transfect cells like IMR-90 human fetal lung fibroblasts and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The PEG-b-PVBLG-8 contained a membrane-disruptive, cationic, helical polypeptide block (PVBLG-8) for complexing with DNA and a hydrophilic PEG block to improve the biocompatibility of the gene delivery vehicle. The incorporation of PEG effectively reduced the toxicity of the helical PVBLG-8 block without dramatically compromising the polymer's ability to destabilize membranes or form complexes with DNA. PEG-b-PVBLG-8 copolymers with low (n = 76) and high (n = 287) degrees of polymerization (n) of the PVBLG-8 block were synthesized and evaluated for gene delivery. PEG-b-PVBLG-8 diblock polymers with a high degree of polymerization have a greater transfection efficiency and lower toxicity in IMR-90 cells than the commercial reagent Lipofectamine 2000. The usefulness of PEG-b-PVBLG-8 was further demonstrated via the successful transfection of hESCs without a measured loss in cell pluripotency markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
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34
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Grigsby CL, Ho YP, Leong KW. Understanding nonviral nucleic acid delivery with quantum dot-FRET nanosensors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:565-77. [PMID: 22471720 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral delivery of nucleic acids is a potentially safe and viable therapeutic modality for inherited and acquired diseases. However, current systems have proven too inefficient for widespread clinical translation. The rational design of improved carriers depends on a quantitative, mechanistic understanding of the rate-limiting barriers to efficient intracellular delivery. Separation of the nucleic acid from the carrier is one of the barriers, which may be analyzed by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), a mechanism used to detect interactions between fluorescently labeled molecules. When applied to the molecular components of polymer or lipid-based nanocomplexes, FRET provides information on their complexation status, uptake, release and degradation. Recently, the design of FRET systems incorporating quantum dots as energy donors has led to improved signal stability, allowing prolonged measurements, as well as increased sensitivity, enabling direct detection and the potential for multiplexing. The union of quantum dots and FRET is providing new insights into the mechanisms of nonviral nucleic acid delivery through convergent characterization of delivery barriers, and has the potential to accelerate the design of improved carriers to realize the potential of nucleic acid therapeutics and gene medicine.
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35
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Zhang Y, Wang TH. Quantum dot enabled molecular sensing and diagnostics. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:631-54. [PMID: 22916072 PMCID: PMC3425091 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence, semiconductor nanoparticles known as quantum dots (QDs) have drawn considerable attention and have quickly extended their applicability to numerous fields within the life sciences. This is largely due to their unique optical properties such as high brightness and narrow emission band as well as other advantages over traditional organic fluorophores. New molecular sensing strategies based on QDs have been developed in pursuit of high sensitivity, high throughput, and multiplexing capabilities. For traditional biological applications, QDs have already begun to replace traditional organic fluorophores to serve as simple fluorescent reporters in immunoassays, microarrays, fluorescent imaging applications, and other assay platforms. In addition, smarter, more advanced QD probes such as quantum dot fluorescence resonance energy transfer (QD-FRET) sensors, quenching sensors, and barcoding systems are paving the way for highly-sensitive genetic and epigenetic detection of diseases, multiplexed identification of infectious pathogens, and tracking of intracellular drug and gene delivery. When combined with microfluidics and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, the detection limit is further enhanced to single molecule level. Recently, investigations have revealed that QDs participate in series of new phenomena and exhibit interesting non-photoluminescent properties. Some of these new findings are now being incorporated into novel assays for gene copy number variation (CNV) studies and DNA methylation analysis with improved quantification resolution. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the latest developments of QD based molecular diagnostic platforms in which QD plays a versatile and essential role.
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36
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Klausner EA, Zhang Z, Wong SP, Chapman RL, Volin MV, Harbottle RP. Corneal gene delivery: chitosan oligomer as a carrier of CpG rich, CpG free or S/MAR plasmid DNA. J Gene Med 2012; 14:100-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy; Downers Grove; IL; USA
| | - Suet P. Wong
- Imperial College London; Gene Therapy Research Group, Molecular Medicine; Sir Alexander Fleming Building; London; UK
| | - Robert L. Chapman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy; Downers Grove; IL; USA
| | - Michael V. Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine; Downers Grove; IL; USA
| | - Richard P. Harbottle
- Imperial College London; Gene Therapy Research Group, Molecular Medicine; Sir Alexander Fleming Building; London; UK
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37
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Li H, LaBean TH, Leong KW. Nucleic acid-based nanoengineering: novel structures for biomedical applications. Interface Focus 2011; 1:702-24. [PMID: 23050076 PMCID: PMC3262286 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoengineering exploits the interactions of materials at the nanometre scale to create functional nanostructures. It relies on the precise organization of nanomaterials to achieve unique functionality. There are no interactions more elegant than those governing nucleic acids via Watson-Crick base-pairing rules. The infinite combinations of DNA/RNA base pairs and their remarkable molecular recognition capability can give rise to interesting nanostructures that are only limited by our imagination. Over the past years, creative assembly of nucleic acids has fashioned a plethora of two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructures with precisely controlled size, shape and spatial functionalization. These nanostructures have been precisely patterned with molecules, proteins and gold nanoparticles for the observation of chemical reactions at the single molecule level, activation of enzymatic cascade and novel modality of photonic detection, respectively. Recently, they have also been engineered to encapsulate and release bioactive agents in a stimulus-responsive manner for therapeutic applications. The future of nucleic acid-based nanoengineering is bright and exciting. In this review, we will discuss the strategies to control the assembly of nucleic acids and highlight the recent efforts to build functional nucleic acid nanodevices for nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, PO Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Patil RR, Yu J, Banerjee SR, Ren Y, Leong D, Jiang X, Pomper M, Tsui B, Kraitchman DL, Mao HQ. Probing in vivo trafficking of polymer/DNA micellar nanoparticles using SPECT/CT imaging. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1626-35. [PMID: 21750533 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful translation of nonviral gene delivery to therapeutic applications requires detailed understanding of in vivo trafficking of the vehicles. This report compares the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles of polyethylene glycol-b-polyphosphoramidate (PEG-b-PPA)/DNA micellar nanoparticles after administration through intravenous infusion, intrabiliary infusion, and hydrodynamic injection using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Nanoparticles were labeled with (111)In using an optimized protocol to retain their favorable physicochemical properties. Quantitative imaging analysis revealed different in vivo trafficking kinetics for PEG-b-PPA/DNA nanoparticles after different routes of administration. The intrabiliary infusion resulted in the highest liver uptake of micelles compared with the other two routes. Analysis of intrabiliary infusion by the two-compartment pharmacokinetic modeling revealed efficient retention of micelles in the liver and minimal micelle leakage from the liver to the blood stream. This study demonstrates the utility of SPECT/CT as an effective noninvasive imaging modality for the characterization of nanoparticle trafficking in vivo and confirms that intrabiliary infusion is an effective route for liver-targeted delivery of DNA-containing nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh R Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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39
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Lv W, Liu S, Feng W, Qi J, Zhang G, Zhang F, Fan X. Temperature- and Redox-Directed Multiple Self Assembly of Poly(N
-Isopropylacrylamide) Grafted Dextran Nanogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1101-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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String-like micellar nanoparticles formed by complexation of PEG-b-PPA and plasmid DNA and their transfection efficiency. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1317-27. [PMID: 21499836 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the gene delivery efficiency of string-like PEG-b-PPA/DNA micellar nanoparticles in the liver after intravenous injection and intrabiliary infusion. METHODS PEG-b-PPA/DNA micellar nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous solution through spontaneous self-assembly between plasmid DNA and PEG(10K)-b-PPA(4K) or PEG(10K)-b-PP(13K) polymer. The stability of these micellar nanoparticles in different physiological media was evaluated by monitoring the particle size change of micellar nanoparticles with dynamic light scattering (DLS). The transfection efficiency of string-like PEG-b-PPA/DNA micellar nanoparticles in the liver was examined and compared with that of PPA/DNA nanoparticles after intravenous and intrabiliary infusion. RESULTS These PEG-b-PPA/DNA micellar nanoparticles exhibited unique string-like morphology under TEM. The stability of these string-like nanoparticles in salt-, serum- or bile- containing media was significantly improved compared with PPA/DNA nanoparticles. More importantly, these PEG-b-PPA/DNA nanoparticles mediated 10-fold higher transfection efficiency than PPA/DNA nanoparticles in rat liver when delivered via intrabiliary infusion. In addition, histopathological data revealed that the PEG-b-PPA/DNA nanoparticles induced minimal level of liver toxicity or damage. CONCLUSIONS These string-like PEG-b-PPA/DNA micelles can mediate efficient transgene expression in the liver after bile duct infusion, and they have great potential to be used as effective gene carriers for liver-targeted gene delivery.
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Nakanishi M, Patil R, Ren Y, Shyam R, Wong P, Mao HQ. Enhanced stability and knockdown efficiency of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polyphosphoramidate/siRNA micellar nanoparticles by co-condensation with sodium triphosphate. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1723-1732. [PMID: 21387148 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles are a promising vehicle for siRNA delivery but suffer from low stability under physiological conditions. An effective stabilization method is essential for the success of polycationic nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery. In this study, sodium triphosphate (TPP), an ionic crosslinking agent, is used to stabilize siRNA-containing nanoparticles by co-condensation. METHODS siRNA and TPP were co-encapsulated into a block copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polyphosphoramidate (PEG-b-PPA), to form ternary nanoparticles. Physicochemical characterization was performed by dynamic light scattering and gel electrophoresis. Gene silencing efficiency in cell lines was assessed by dual luciferase assay system. RESULTS The PEG-b-PPA/siRNA/TPP ternary nanoparticles exhibited high uniformity with smaller size (80-100 nm) compared with PEG-b-PPA/siRNA nanoparticles and showed increased stability in physiological ionic strength and serum-containing medium, due to the stabilization effect from ionic crosslinks between negatively charged TPP and cationic PPA segment. Transfection and gene silencing efficiency of the TPP-crosslinked nanoparticles were markedly improved over PEG-b-PPA/siRNA complexes in serum-containing medium. No significant difference in cell viability was observed between nanoparticles prepared with and without TPP co-condensation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated the effectiveness of TPP co-condensation in compacting polycation/siRNA nanoparticles, improving nanoparticle stability and enhancing the transfection and knockdown efficiency in serum-containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nakanishi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 101E Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Rajesh Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 101E Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 101E Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Rishab Shyam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 101E Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Philip Wong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 101E Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Hai Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 101E Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Pasparakis G, Vamvakaki M. Multiresponsive polymers: nano-sized assemblies, stimuli-sensitive gels and smart surfaces. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00424c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhang R, Xu N, Du FS, Wang YL, Tan YX, Ji SP, Liang DH, Li ZC. Reduction-Degradable Linear Cationic Polymers as Gene Carriers Prepared by Cu(I)-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne Cycloaddition. Biomacromolecules 2010; 12:66-74. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Li Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xia Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shou-Ping Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Hai Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China
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