1
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Asakawa R, Yokoyama S, Yamada R, Maeda S, Ohto T, Tada H, Ie Y. Periodically Twisted Molecular Wires Based on a Fused Unit for Efficient Intramolecular Hopping Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23529-23536. [PMID: 39133559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Realizing efficient long-distance intramolecular charge transport based on a hopping mechanism is a key challenge in molecular electronics. In hopping transport, a smaller reorganization energy (λ) and energy difference between hopping sites (ΔEhs) should lead to a smaller activation energy and faster charge transfer. However, the development of π-extended molecules that meet these requirements is challenging. In this study, we successfully synthesized several nanometer-scale π-extended molecules composed of a fused π-conjugated unit as a hopping site for reducing λ. Conformational twists between fused units effectively localize π-conjugation in each unit, contributing to reducing ΔEhs. The expected electronic structures of the oligomers were confirmed using spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements. Single-molecule conductance measurements exhibited higher conductance and lower activation energy than those of nonfused oligothiophenes. First-principles calculations indicated that smaller λ and ΔEhs values explain the high conductance. These results highlight the efficiency of the proposed molecular design for effective intramolecular hopping transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Asakawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Seiya Maeda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Marongiu M, Ha T, Gil-Guerrero S, Garg K, Mandado M, Melle-Franco M, Diez-Perez I, Mateo-Alonso A. Molecular Graphene Nanoribbon Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3963-3973. [PMID: 38305745 PMCID: PMC10870704 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the challenges for the realization of molecular electronics is the design of nanoscale molecular wires displaying long-range charge transport. Graphene nanoribbons are an attractive platform for the development of molecular wires with long-range conductance owing to their unique electrical properties. Despite their potential, the charge transport properties of single nanoribbons remain underexplored. Herein, we report a synthetic approach to prepare N-doped pyrene-pyrazinoquinoxaline molecular graphene nanoribbons terminated with diamino anchoring groups at each end. These terminal groups allow for the formation of stable molecular graphene nanoribbon junctions between two metal electrodes that were investigated by scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction measurements. The experimental and computational results provide evidence of long-range tunneling charge transport in these systems characterized by a shallow conductance length dependence and electron tunneling through >6 nm molecular backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marongiu
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Tracy Ha
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Gil-Guerrero
- CICECO—Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kavita Garg
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Mandado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ismael Diez-Perez
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Lee J, Kim E, Cho J, Seok H, Woo G, Yu D, Jung G, Hwangbo H, Na J, Im I, Kim T. Remote-Controllable Interfacial Electron Tunneling at Heterogeneous Molecular Junctions via Tip-Induced Optoelectrical Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305512. [PMID: 38057140 PMCID: PMC10837351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics enables functional electronic behavior via single molecules or molecular self-assembled monolayers, providing versatile opportunities for hybrid molecular-scale electronic devices. Although various molecular junction structures are constructed to investigate charge transfer dynamics, significant challenges remain in terms of interfacial charging effects and far-field background signals, which dominantly block the optoelectrical observation of interfacial charge transfer dynamics. Here, tip-induced optoelectrical engineering is presented that synergistically correlates photo-induced force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy to remotely control and probe the interfacial charge transfer dynamics with sub-10 nm spatial resolution. Based on this approach, the optoelectrical origin of metal-molecule interfaces is clearly revealed by the nanoscale heterogeneity of the tip-sample interaction and optoelectrical reactivity, which theoretically aligned with density functional theory calculations. For a practical device-scale demonstration of tip-induced optoelectrical engineering, interfacial tunneling is remotely controlled at a 4-inch wafer-scale metal-insulator-metal capacitor, facilitating a 5.211-fold current amplification with the tip-induced electrical field. In conclusion, tip-induced optoelectrical engineering provides a novel strategy to comprehensively understand interfacial charge transfer dynamics and a non-destructive tunneling control platform that enables real-time and real-space investigation of ultrathin hybrid molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyoung Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungchul Kim
- AVP process development team, Samsung Electronics, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31086, South Korea
| | - Jinill Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Seok
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhoo Woo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Yu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gooeun Jung
- Park Systems Corp, R&D Center, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hwangbo
- Park Systems Corp, R&D Center, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Na
- Park Systems Corp, R&D Center, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseob Im
- Park Systems Corp, R&D Center, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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4
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Farooq MT, Jiarasuksakun T, Kaemawichanurat P. Entropy analysis of nickel(II) porphyrins network via curve fitting techniques. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17317. [PMID: 37828093 PMCID: PMC10570312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel(II) porphyrins typically adopt a square planar coordination geometry, with the nickel atom located at the center of the porphyrin ring and the coordinating atoms arranged in a square plane. The additional atoms or groups coordinated to the nickel atom in nickel(II) porphyrins are called ligands. Porphyrins have been investigated as potential agents for imaging and treating cancer due to their ability to selectively bind to tumor cells and be used as sensors for a variety of analytes. Nickel(II) porphyrins are relatively stable compounds, with high thermal and chemical stability. They can be stored in a solid state or in solution without significant degradation. In this study, we compute several connectivity indices, such as general Randi'c, hyper Zagreb, and redefined Zagreb indices, based on the degrees of vertices of the chemical graph of nickel porphyrins. Then, we compute the entropy and heat of formation NiP production, among other physical parameters. Using MATLAB, we fit curves between various indices and the thermodynamic properties parameters, notably the heat of formation and entropy, using various linearity- and non-linearity-based approaches. The method's effectiveness is evaluated using [Formula: see text], the sum of squared errors, and root mean square error. We also provide visual representations of these indexes. These mathematical frameworks might offer a mechanism to investigate the thermodynamical characteristics of NiP's chemical structure under various circumstances, which will help us understand the connection between system dimensions and these metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talha Farooq
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mathematics and Statistics with Applications (MaSA), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thiradet Jiarasuksakun
- Mathematics and Statistics with Applications (MaSA), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawaton Kaemawichanurat
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Mathematics and Statistics with Applications (MaSA), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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5
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Kocábová J, Vavrek F, Nováková Lachmanová Š, Šebera J, Valášek M, Hromadová M. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Molecular Conductors with Terpyridine-Metal Redox Switching Elements: A Combined AFM, STM and Electrochemical Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238320. [PMID: 36500413 PMCID: PMC9738775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of terpyridine-based transition metal (ruthenium and osmium) complexes, anchored to gold substrate via tripodal anchoring groups, have been investigated as possible redox switching elements for molecular electronics. An electrochemical study was complemented by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) methods. STM was used for determination of the SAM conductance values, and computation of the attenuation factor β from tunneling current-distance curves. We have shown that SAMs of Os-tripod molecules contain larger adlayer structures compared with SAMs of Ru-tripod molecules, which are characterized by a large number of almost evenly distributed small islands. Furthermore, upon cyclic voltammetric experimentation, Os-tripod films rearrange to form a smaller number of even larger islands, reminiscent of the Ostwald ripening process. Os-tripod SAMs displayed a higher surface concentration of molecules and lower conductance compared with Ru-tripod SAMs. The attenuation factor of Os-tripod films changed dramatically, upon electrochemical cycling, to a higher value. These observations are in accordance with previously reported electron transfer kinetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kocábová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Vavrek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpánka Nováková Lachmanová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Šebera
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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6
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Van Raden JM, Alexandropoulos DI, Slota M, Sopp S, Matsuno T, Thompson AL, Isobe H, Anderson HL, Bogani L. Singly and Triply Linked Magnetic Porphyrin Lanthanide Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8693-8706. [PMID: 35503091 PMCID: PMC9121389 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of paramagnetic metal centers into a conjugated π-system is a promising approach toward engineering spintronic materials. Here, we report an investigation of two types of spin-bearing dysprosium(III) and gadolinium(III) porphyrin dimers: singly meso-meso-linked dimers with twisted conformations and planar edge-fused β,meso,β-linked tapes. The rare-earth spin centers sit out of the plane of the porphyrin, so that the singly linked dimers are chiral, and their enantiomers can be resolved, whereas the edge-fused tape complexes can be separated into syn and anti stereoisomers. We compare the crystal structures, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra, electrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy, and magnetic behavior of these complexes. Low-temperature SQUID magnetometry measurements reveal intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the GdIII centers in the edge-fused dimers (syn isomer: J = -51 ± 2 MHz; anti isomer: J = -19 ± 3 MHz), whereas no exchange coupling is detected in the singly linked twisted complex. The phase-memory times, Tm, are in the range of 8-10 μs at 3 K, which is long enough to test quantum computational schemes using microwave pulses. Both the syn and anti Dy2 edge-fused tapes exhibit single-molecule magnetic hysteresis cycles at temperatures below 0.5 K with slow magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | | | - Michael Slota
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Simen Sopp
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
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7
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Li XY, Lin D, Xu YS, Li Y, Zhou P, Peng AZ, Wang HJ, Wei Y, Yan Y, Shi WJ, Wang SS, Xie L. Thermodynamic-dominated stereoselective meshing of molecular nano-links based on fluorenes. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1815-3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The path-selectivity and stereoselectivity of gridization pathways into fluorene-based Drawing Hand Grids (DHGs-F) are precisely modulated through tuning acid conditions and side-chain effects. BF3•OEt2 supports the realization of the gridization path (rac-DHG1-F, yield: 82%, meso-DHG1-F, yield: 11%). On the contrary, CF3SO3H will lead to the enhancements in polymerization pathways (about 85% yield). When the side chain is a methoxy group, rac-DHG1-F and meso-DHG1-F will be obtained. However, when the side chain is a group without an oxygen atom, only rac-DHG1-F can be obtained (de = 100%). Moreover, through excitonic physical proper-ties, rac-DHGs-F exhibits a more π-electronic delocalization, potentially serving as the intriguing tactic strategy to modulate the optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao yan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongqing Lin
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun shan Xu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Zhong Peng
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Jian Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- nstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxia Yan
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Jing Shi
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - sha sha Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommu, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
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8
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Nakakuki Y, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Theoretical Investigation on Electron Transport Capabilities of Helically Twisted Molecules Based on Decay Constants of Exchange Interaction. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakakuki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takshi Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Lin D, Zhang W, Yin H, Hu H, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang L, Xie X, Hu H, Yan Y, Ling H, Liu J, Qian Y, Tang L, Wang Y, Dong C, Xie L, Zhang H, Wang S, Wei Y, Guo X, Lu D, Huang W. Cross-Scale Synthesis of Organic High- k Semiconductors Based on Spiro-Gridized Nanopolymers. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9820585. [PMID: 35098138 PMCID: PMC8777471 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9820585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High dielectric constants in organic semiconductors have been identified as a central challenge for the improvement in not only piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric effects but also photoelectric conversion efficiency in OPVs, carrier mobility in OFETs, and charge density in charge-trapping memories. Herein, we report an ultralong persistence length (l p ≈ 41 nm) effect of spiro-fused organic nanopolymers on dielectric properties, together with excitonic and charge carrier behaviors. The state-of-the-art nanopolymers, namely, nanopolyspirogrids (NPSGs), are synthesized via the simple cross-scale Friedel-Crafts polygridization of A2B2-type nanomonomers. The high dielectric constant (k = 8.43) of NPSG is firstly achieved by locking spiro-polygridization effect that results in the enhancement of dipole polarization. When doping into a polystyrene-based dielectric layer, such a high-k feature of NPSG increases the field-effect carrier mobility from 0.20 to 0.90 cm2 V-1 s-1 in pentacene OFET devices. Meanwhile, amorphous NPSG film exhibits an ultralow energy disorder (<50 meV) for an excellent zero-field hole mobility of 3.94 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1, surpassing most of the amorphous π-conjugated polymers. Organic nanopolymers with high dielectric constants open a new way to break through the bottleneck of efficiency and multifunctionality in the blueprint of the fourth-generation semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Lin
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Zhang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Le Wang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinmiao Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongkai Hu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongxia Yan
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haifeng Ling
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin'an Liu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Qian
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chaoyang Dong
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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10
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Zwick P, Dulić D, van der Zant HSJ, Mayor M. Porphyrins as building blocks for single-molecule devices. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15500-15525. [PMID: 34558586 PMCID: PMC8485416 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of single-molecule electrical transparency by break junction experiments has become a major field of research over the two last decades. This review specifically and comprehensively highlights the use of porphyrins as molecular components and discusses their potential use for the construction of future devices. Throughout the review, the features provided by porphyrins, such as low level misalignments and very low attenuation factors, are shown with numerous examples, illustrating the potential and limitations of these molecular junctions, as well as differences emerging from applied integration/investigation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Zwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Diana Dulić
- Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Avenida Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago 8330015, Chile
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), 510275 Guangzhou, China
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11
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Thomas JO, Sowa JK, Limburg B, Bian X, Evangeli C, Swett JL, Tewari S, Baugh J, Schatz GC, Briggs GAD, Anderson HL, Mol JA. Charge transport through extended molecular wires with strongly correlated electrons. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11121-11129. [PMID: 34522309 PMCID: PMC8386642 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron–electron interactions are at the heart of chemistry and understanding how to control them is crucial for the development of molecular-scale electronic devices. Here, we investigate single-electron tunneling through a redox-active edge-fused porphyrin trimer and demonstrate that its transport behavior is well described by the Hubbard dimer model, providing insights into the role of electron–electron interactions in charge transport. In particular, we empirically determine the molecule's on-site and inter-site electron–electron repulsion energies, which are in good agreement with density functional calculations, and establish the molecular electronic structure within various oxidation states. The gate-dependent rectification behavior confirms the selection rules and state degeneracies deduced from the Hubbard model. We demonstrate that current flow through the molecule is governed by a non-trivial set of vibrationally coupled electronic transitions between various many-body ground and excited states, and experimentally confirm the importance of electron–electron interactions in single-molecule devices. Experimental studies of electron transport through an edge-fused porphyrin oligomer in a graphene junction are interpreted within a Hubbard dimer framework.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Thomas
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK .,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jakub K Sowa
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University Houston TX USA
| | - Bart Limburg
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK .,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Xinya Bian
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | | | - Jacob L Swett
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Sumit Tewari
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Jonathan Baugh
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jan A Mol
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
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12
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Bottom‐up Fabrication and Atomic‐Scale Characterization of Triply Linked, Laterally π‐Extended Porphyrin Nanotapes**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Sun Q, Mateo LM, Robles R, Lorente N, Ruffieux P, Bottari G, Torres T, Fasel R. Bottom-up Fabrication and Atomic-Scale Characterization of Triply Linked, Laterally π-Extended Porphyrin Nanotapes*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16208-16214. [PMID: 33960097 PMCID: PMC8361936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin nanotapes (Por NTs) are promising structures for their use as molecular wires thanks to a high degree of π‐conjugation, low HOMO—LUMO gaps, and exceptional conductance. Such structures have been prepared in solution, but their on‐surface synthesis remains unreported. Here, meso–meso triply fused Por NTs have been prepared through a two‐step synthesis on Au(111). The diradical character of the on‐surface formed building block PorA2, a phenalenyl π‐extended ZnIIPor, facilitates intermolecular homocoupling and allows for the formation of laterally π‐extended tapes. The structural and electronic properties of individual Por NTs are addressed, both on Au(111) and on a thin insulating NaCl layer, by high‐resolution scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy complemented by DFT calculations. These Por NTs carry one unpaired electron at each end, which leads to magnetic end states. Our study provides a versatile route towards Por NTs and the atomic‐scale characterization of such tapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Luis M Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Robles
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo de Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nicolas Lorente
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo de Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Kang HS, Satraitis A, Meares A, Bhagavathy GV, Diers JR, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Ptaszek M, Bocian DF, Holten D. Conjugated-linker dependence of the photophysical properties and electronic structure of chlorin dyads. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysical properties and electronic structure of seven new chlorin dyads and associated benchmark monomers are described. Each dyad contains two identical chlorins linked at the macrocycle [Formula: see text]-pyrrole 13-position. The extent of electronic communication between chlorin constituents depends on the nature of the conjugated linker. The communication is assessed by modification of prominent ground-state absorption and redox properties, rate constants and yields of excited-state decay processes, and molecular-orbital characteristics. Relative to the benchmark monomers, the chlorin dyads in toluene exhibit a substantial bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength absorption band (30 nm average), two-fold increased radiative rate constant [average (10 ns)[Formula: see text] vs. (22 ns)[Formula: see text]], reduced singlet excited-state lifetimes (average 5.0 ns vs. 8.2 ns), and increased fluorescence quantum yields (average 0.56 vs. 0.42). The excited-state lifetime and fluorescence yield for the chlorin dyad with a benzothiadiazole linker are reduced substantially in benzonitrile vs. toluene due largely to [Formula: see text]25-fold accelerated internal conversion. The results aid design strategies for molecular architectures that may find utility in solar-energy conversion and photomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, USA
| | - Andrius Satraitis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Adam Meares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Ganga Viswanathan Bhagavathy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - James R. Diers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
| | - Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889, USA
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, USA
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, USA
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15
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Leary E, Kastlunger G, Limburg B, Rincón-García L, Hurtado-Gallego J, González MT, Bollinger GR, Agrait N, Higgins SJ, Anderson HL, Stadler R, Nichols RJ. Long-lived charged states of single porphyrin-tape junctions under ambient conditions. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:49-58. [PMID: 33107543 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the charge state of individual molecules wired in two-terminal single-molecule junctions is a key challenge in molecular electronics, particularly in relation to the development of molecular memory and other computational componentry. Here we demonstrate that single porphyrin molecular junctions can be reversibly charged and discharged at elevated biases under ambient conditions due to the presence of a localised molecular eigenstate close to the Fermi edge of the electrodes. In particular, we can observe long-lived charge-states with lifetimes upwards of 1-10 seconds after returning to low bias and large changes in conductance, in excess of 100-fold at low bias. Our theoretical analysis finds charge-state lifetimes within the same time range as the experiments. The ambient operation demonstrates that special conditions such as low temperatures or ultra-high vacuum are not essential to observe hysteresis and stable charged molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Leary
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
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16
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Kopp SM, Gotfredsen H, Deng JR, Claridge TDW, Anderson HL. Global Aromaticity in a Partially Fused 8-Porphyrin Nanoring. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19393-19401. [PMID: 33125228 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Template-directed synthesis has been used to prepare a fully π-conjugated cyclic porphyrin octamer, composed of both β,meso,β-edge-fused porphyrin tape units and butadiyne-linked porphyrins. The UV-vis-NIR spectra of this partially fused nanoring show that π-conjugation extends around the whole macrocycle, and that it has a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than its all-butadiyne-linked analogue, as predicted by TD-DFT calculations. The 1H NMR shifts of the bound templates confirm the disrupted aromaticity of the edge-fused porphyrins in the neutral nanoring. NMR oxidation titrations reveal the presence of a global paratropic ring current in its 4+ and 8+ oxidation states and of a global diatropic ring current in the 6+ state of the partially fused ring. The paratropic ring current in the 4+ oxidation state is about four times stronger than that in the all-butadiyne-linked cyclic octamer complex, whereas the diatropic current in the 6+ state is about 40% weaker. Two isomeric K-shaped tetrapyridyl templates with trifluoromethyl substituents at different positions were used to probe the distribution of the ring current in the 4+, 6+, and 8+ oxidation states by 19F NMR, demonstrating that the ring currents are global and homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Kopp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jie-Ren Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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17
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Chowdhury S, Das M, Mukherjee P, Gupta BC. Diameter-dependent structural and electronic property of fused porphyrin nanotubes: A density functional study. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have systematically carried out a density functional theory-based investigation to understand the structural and electronic properties of various fused metalloporphyrin nanotubes (MPNT; M = Sc and Ti) by varying their diameters ranging from 7.91 Å to 18.70 Å for ScPNT and 7.90 Å to 18.59 Å for TiPNT. Binding energies and curvature energies are calculated to access the binding strength and stability of the nanotubes (NTs). From band structure and density of states, it is observed that the ScPNTs are metallic in nature and TiPNTs are semiconductors with small band gaps. The energy gap increases with increasing tube diameter. Our study also indicates that the transition metal atoms play an important role in determining the electrical nature (metallic or semiconducting) of the NTs. Furthermore, work functions for the fused NTs are found to decrease with increasing tube diameter. These results may have direct relevance to the technological applications in terms of band gap engineering or controlled thermionic emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, W.B.- 731235, India
| | - Monoj Das
- Department of Physics, Gushkara Mahavidyalaya, Gushkara, W.B.- 713128, India
| | - Prajna Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Bolpur College, Bolpur, W.B.- 731204, India
| | - Bikash C. Gupta
- Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, W.B.- 731235, India
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18
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Bengasi G, Quétu L, Baba K, Ost A, Cosas Fernandes JP, Grysan P, Heinze K, Boscher ND. Constitution and Conductivity of Metalloporphyrin Tapes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Louise Quétu
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Ost
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - João P. Cosas Fernandes
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Patrick Grysan
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
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19
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Sumiya Y, Higashiguchi K, Matsuda K. A diarylethene annulated isomer as a highly-conductive molecular wire evaluated by the exchange interaction between two nitroxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2447-2450. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc10017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bis(imino nitroxide) bridged by a diarylethene annulated isomer was found to show a strong exchange interaction, suggesting the use of the annulated isomer as a highly-conductive molecular wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youki Sumiya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kenji Higashiguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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20
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Mateo LM, Sun Q, Liu SX, Bergkamp JJ, Eimre K, Pignedoli CA, Ruffieux P, Decurtins S, Bottari G, Fasel R, Torres T. On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of Triply Fused Porphyrin-Graphene Nanoribbon Hybrids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1334-1339. [PMID: 31729821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis offers a versatile approach to prepare novel carbon-based nanostructures that cannot be obtained by conventional solution chemistry. Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have potential for a variety of applications. A key issue for their application in molecular electronics is in the fine-tuning of their electronic properties through structural modifications, such as heteroatom doping or the incorporation of non-benzenoid rings. In this context, the covalent fusion of GNRs and porphyrins (Pors) is a highly appealing strategy. Herein we present the selective on-surface synthesis of a Por-GNR hybrid, which consists of two Pors connected by a short GNR segment. The atomically precise structure of the Por-GNR hybrid has been characterized by bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). The electronic properties have been investigated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), in combination with DFT calculations, which reveals a low electronic gap of 0.4 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Qiang Sun
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jesse J Bergkamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Bakersfield, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Mateo LM, Sun Q, Liu S, Bergkamp JJ, Eimre K, Pignedoli CA, Ruffieux P, Decurtins S, Bottari G, Fasel R, Torres T. On‐Surface Synthesis and Characterization of Triply Fused Porphyrin–Graphene Nanoribbon Hybrids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Qiang Sun
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Shi‐Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jesse J. Bergkamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Bakersfield 9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield CA USA
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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22
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Zhang W, Song Y, He S, Shang L, Ma R, Jia L, Wang H. Perylene diimide as a cathodic electrochemiluminescence luminophore for immunoassays at low potentials. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20910-20916. [PMID: 31660563 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) field, most reported luminophores produced ECL emission at high potentials (more than -1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl), which was adverse for both fundamental studies and practical application. It was important to screen novel ECL luminophores and coreactants for the development of ECL. In this work, N,N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PDI-CH3) is reported to produce ECL at -0.47 V using K2S2O8 as a coreactant in an aqueous system. In addition, the ECL wavelength was 689 nm, which was interpreted with the emission of excited PDI-CH3 dimers. Finally, this low-triggering-potential ECL system was used to construct sandwiched immunosensors to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with the potential range from 0 to -0.8 V. In this immunosensor, PDI-CH3 and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) reduced by citrate were grafted onto graphite oxide (GO) to label secondary antibodies (Ab2). This immunosensor could sensitively detect CEA with the linear response range between 1 fg mL-1 and 1 μg mL-1 and detection limit 0.29 fg mL-1. In addition, this immunosensor showed good feasibility in various cancer serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Yue Song
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Shuijian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Rongna Ma
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
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23
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Gil-Guerrero S, Peña-Gallego Á, Ramos-Berdullas N, Martín Pendás Á, Mandado M. Assessing the Reversed Exponential Decay of the Electrical Conductance in Molecular Wires: The Undeniable Effect of Static Electron Correlation. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7394-7399. [PMID: 31525054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An extraordinary new family of molecular junctions, inaccurately referred to as "anti-Ohmic" wires in the recent literature, has been proposed based on theoretical predictions. The unusual electron transport observed for these systems, characterized by a reversed exponential decay of their electrical conductance, might revolutionize the design of molecular electronic devices. This behavior, which has been associated with intrinsic diradical nature, is reexamined in this work. Since the diradical character arises from a near-degeneracy of the frontier orbitals, the employment of a multireference approach is mandatory. CASSCF calculations on a set of nanowires based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) demonstrate that, in the frame of an appropriate multireference treatment, the ground state of these systems shows the expected exponential decay of the conductance. Interestingly, these calculations do evidence a reversed exponential decay of the conductance, although now in several excited states. Similar results have been obtained for other recently proposed candidates to "anti-Ohmic" wires. These findings open new horizons for possible applications in molecular electronics of these promising systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gil-Guerrero
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Vigo , Lagoas-Marcosende s/n , 36310 Vigo , Spain
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Vigo , Lagoas-Marcosende s/n , 36310 Vigo , Spain
| | - Nicolás Ramos-Berdullas
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Vigo , Lagoas-Marcosende s/n , 36310 Vigo , Spain
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Str. 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry , University of Oviedo , Calle Julián Clavería 8 , 33006 Oviedo , Spain
| | - Marcos Mandado
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Vigo , Lagoas-Marcosende s/n , 36310 Vigo , Spain
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24
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Chia C, Jeffrey SS, Howe RT. Scalable methods for ultra-smooth platinum in nanoscale devices. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Kahlfuss C, Kikkawa Y, Wytko JA, Weiss J. Controlled Growth of Porphyrin Wires at a Solid‐Liquid Interface. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Kahlfuss
- Institut de Chimie de StrasbourgUMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4 rue Blaise Pascal FR-67008 Strasbourg France
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki JP-305-8565 Japan
| | - Jennifer A. Wytko
- Institut de Chimie de StrasbourgUMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4 rue Blaise Pascal FR-67008 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie de StrasbourgUMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4 rue Blaise Pascal FR-67008 Strasbourg France
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26
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Vitale S, Laramée-Milette B, Amato ME, Hanan GS, Tuccitto N, Licciardello A. A nano-junction of self-assembled mixed-metal-centre molecular wires on transparent conductive oxides. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4788-4793. [PMID: 30698580 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of stable, highly conductive molecular nano-junctions is one of the main research goals in the field of molecular electronics. In this paper we report on the self-assembly and functional characterisation of highly conductive molecular wires, based on mixed-metal polynuclear complexes, at the surface of a transparent conductive oxide. The adopted synthetic approach involves metal-coordination reactions on oxide surfaces, pre-functionalised with a monolayer of terpyridine moieties that are used as anchoring sites for the integration of ditopic, redox-active ruthenium-bisterpyridine molecules through iron(ii) centres. By the stepwise iteration of the iron-coordination reaction, molecular wires of the desired length can be prepared, which alternate iron and ruthenium centres in the wire backbone. The stepwise assembly of the wires at the transparent conductive oxide surface was characterised by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy and, at the nanoscale, by means of ToF-SIMS measurements. The electrical characteristics of the wires were obtained by the liquid-metal eutectic-gain nano-junction technique, with results that show good electron transport capabilities along the wires. The demonstrated feasibility of the integration of these metal-polypyridinic, redox-active, conductive wires at the surface of a transparent and conductive oxide, and the evidence for good electrical conduction indicates prospective applications in the field of nanoscale molecular optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Vitale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and CSGI, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I 95125, Catania, Italy.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Issei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto Univeristy, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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28
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Higashino T, Kurumisawa Y, Iiyama H, Imahori H. ABC-ABC-Type Directly meso
-meso
Linked Porphyrin Dimers. Chemistry 2018; 25:538-547. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuma Kurumisawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hitomi Iiyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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29
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Stuyver T, Zeng T, Tsuji Y, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Diradical Character as a Guiding Principle for the Insightful Design of Molecular Nanowires with an Increasing Conductance with Length. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7298-7304. [PMID: 30346793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a considerable interest has grown in the design of molecular nanowires with an increasing conductance with length. The development of such nanowires is highly desirable because they could play an important role in future molecular-scale circuitry. Whereas the first experimental observation of this nonclassical behavior still has to be realized, a growing number of candidate wires have been proposed theoretically. In this Letter, we point out that all the wires with an anti-Ohmic increasing conductance with length proposed so far share a common characteristic: their diradical character increases with length. The conceptual connection between diradical character and conductance enables a systematic design of such anti-Ohmic wires and explains the difficulty in their syntheses. A strategy is proposed to balance the stability and conductance so that this nonclassical phenomenon can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Algemene Chemie , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario K1S5B6 , Canada
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Algemene Chemie , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Algemene Chemie , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
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31
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Skidin D, Erdmann T, Nikipar S, Eisenhut F, Krüger J, Günther F, Gemming S, Kiriy A, Voit B, Ryndyk DA, Joachim C, Moresco F, Cuniberti G. Tuning the conductance of a molecular wire by the interplay of donor and acceptor units. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17131-17139. [PMID: 30182095 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the conductance of optimized donor-acceptor-donor molecular wires obtained by on-surface synthesis on the Au(111) surface. A careful balance between acceptors and donors is achieved using a diketopyrrolopyrrole acceptor and two thiophene donors per unit along the wire. Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging, spectroscopy, and conductance measurements done by pulling a single molecular wire at one end are presented. We show that the conductance of the obtained wires is among the highest reported so far in a tunneling transport regime, with an inverse decay length of 0.17 Å-1. Using complex band structure calculations, different donor and acceptor groups are discussed, showing how a balanced combination of donor and acceptor units along the wire can further minimize the decay of the tunneling current with length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Skidin
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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32
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Leary E, Limburg B, Alanazy A, Sangtarash S, Grace I, Swada K, Esdaile LJ, Noori M, González MT, Rubio-Bollinger G, Sadeghi H, Hodgson A, Agraı̈t N, Higgins SJ, Lambert CJ, Anderson HL, Nichols RJ. Bias-Driven Conductance Increase with Length in Porphyrin Tapes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12877-12883. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Leary
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Limburg
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Alanazy
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Grace
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Katsutoshi Swada
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa J. Esdaile
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Noori
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
- Physics Department, College of Science, University of Thi Qar, Thi Qar 0964, Iraq
| | - M. Teresa González
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabino Rubio-Bollinger
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, IFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolás Agraı̈t
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, IFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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33
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Algethami N, Sadeghi H, Sangtarash S, Lambert CJ. The Conductance of Porphyrin-Based Molecular Nanowires Increases with Length. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4482-4486. [PMID: 29878788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High electrical conductance molecular nanowires are highly desirable components for future molecular-scale circuitry, but typically molecular wires act as tunnel barriers and their conductance decays exponentially with length. Here, we demonstrate that the conductance of fused-oligo-porphyrin nanowires can be either length independent or increase with length at room temperature. We show that this negative attenuation is an intrinsic property of fused-oligo-porphyrin nanowires, but its manifestation depends on the electrode material or anchor groups. This highly desirable, nonclassical behavior signals the quantum nature of transport through such wires. It arises because with increasing length the tendency for electrical conductance to decay is compensated by a decrease in their highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap. Our study reveals the potential of these molecular wires as interconnects in future molecular-scale circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Algethami
- Theory of Molecular Scale Transport, Physics Department , Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster , United Kingdom
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Theory of Molecular Scale Transport, Physics Department , Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster , United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Theory of Molecular Scale Transport, Physics Department , Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster , United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Theory of Molecular Scale Transport, Physics Department , Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster , United Kingdom
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34
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Wang M, Wang H, Zhang G, Wang Y, Sanvito S, Hou S. Effect of molecular conformations on the electronic transport in oxygen-substituted alkanethiol molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:184703. [PMID: 29764150 DOI: 10.1063/1.5025190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the molecular structure and the electronic transport properties of molecular junctions based on thiol-terminated oligoethers, which are obtained by replacing every third methylene unit in the corresponding alkanethiols with an oxygen atom, is investigated by employing the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism combined with density functional theory. Our calculations show that the low-bias conductance depends strongly on the conformation of the oligoethers in the junction. Specifically, in the cases of trans-extended conformation, the oxygen-dominated transmission peaks are very sharp and well below the Fermi energy, EF, thus hardly affect the transmission around EF; the Au-S interface hybrid states couple with σ-bonds in the molecular backbone forming the conduction channel at EF, resulting in a conductance decay against the molecular length close to that for alkanethiols. By contrast, for junctions with oligoethers in helical conformations, some π-type oxygen orbitals coupling with the Au-S interface hybrid states contribute to the transmission around EF. The molecule-electrode electronic coupling is also enhanced at the non-thiol side due to the specific spatial orientation introduced by the twist of the molecular backbone. This leads to a much smaller conductance decay constant. Our findings highlight the important role of the molecular conformation of oligoethers in their electronic transport properties and are also helpful for the design of molecular wires with heteroatom-substituted alkanethiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shimin Hou
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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35
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Zhang L, Kepp KP, Ulstrup J, Zhang J. Redox Potentials and Electronic States of Iron Porphyrin IX Adsorbed on Single Crystal Gold Electrode Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3610-3618. [PMID: 29510058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are active sites in metalloproteins and synthetic catalysts. They have also been studied extensively by electrochemistry as well as being prominent targets in electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Previous studies of FePPIX adsorbed on graphite and alkylthiol modified Au electrodes showed a pair of reversible Fe(III/II)PPIX peaks at about -0.41 V (vs NHE) at high solution pH. We recently used iron protoporphyrin IX (FePPIX) as an intercalating probe for long-range electrochemical electron transfer through a G-quadruplex oligonucleotide (DNAzyme); this study disclosed two, rather than a single pair of voltammetric peaks with a new and dominating peak, shifted 200 mV positive relative to the ≈-0.4 V peak. Prompted by this unexpected observation, we report here a study of the voltammetry of FePPIX itself on single-crystal Au(111), (100), and (110) and polycrystalline Au electrode surfaces. In all cases the dominating pair of new Fe(III/II)PPIX redox peaks, shifted positively by more than 200 mV compared to those of previous studies appeared. This observation is supported by density functional theory (DFT) which shows that strong dispersion forces in the FePPIX/Au electronic interaction drive the midpoint potential toward positive values. The FePPIX spin states depend on interaction with the Au(111) interface, converting all the Fe(II)/(III)PPIX species into low-spin states. These results support electrochemical evidence for the nature of the electronic coupling between FePPIX and Au-surfaces, and the electronic states of adsorbate molecules, with a bearing also on recent reports of magnetic FePPIX/Au(111) interactions in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Building 207, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Building 207, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Building 207, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Building 207, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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36
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Esemoto NN, Satraitis A, Wiratan L, Ptaszek M. Symmetrical and Nonsymmetrical Meso-Meso Directly Linked Hydroporphyrin Dyads: Synthesis and Photochemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2977-2988. [PMID: 29140088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of a rigid meso-meso directly linked chlorin-chlorin, chlorin-bacteriochlorin, and bacteriochlorin-bacteriochlorin dyads, including free bases as well as Zn(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) complexes, has been synthesized, and their absorption, emission, singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitization, and electronic properties have been examined. Marked bathochromic shifts of the long-wavelength Q y absorption band and increase in fluorescence quantum yields in dyads, in comparison to the corresponding monomers, are observed. Nonsymmetrical dyads (except bacteriochlorin-bacteriochlorin) show two distinctive Q y bands, corresponding to the absorption of each dyad component. A nearly quantitative S1-S1 energy transfer between hydroporphyrins in dyads, leading to an almost exclusive emission of hydroporphyrin with a lower S1 energy, has been determined. Several symmetrical and all nonsymmetrical dyads exhibit a significant reduction in fluorescence quantum yields in solvents of high dielectric constants; this is attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer. The complexation of one macrocycle by Cu(II) or Pd(II) enhances intersystem crossing in the adjacent, free base dyad component, which is manifested by a significant reduction in fluorescence and increase in quantum yield of 1O2 photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopondo N Esemoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Andrius Satraitis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Linda Wiratan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
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37
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Bu D, Xiong Y, Tan YN, Meng M, Low PJ, Kuang DB, Liu CY. Understanding the charge transport properties of redox active metal-organic conjugated wires. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3438-3450. [PMID: 29780473 PMCID: PMC5934749 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For Rh2-organic molecular wires, we found that weaker coupling systems built using longer bridging ligands exhibit better electrical conductance.
Layer-by-layer assembly of the dirhodium complex [Rh2(O2CCH3)4] (Rh2) with linear N,N′-bidentate ligands pyrazine (LS) or 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (LL) on a gold substrate has developed two series of redox active molecular wires, (Rh2LS)n@Au and (Rh2LL)n@Au (n = 1–6). By controlling the number of assembling cycles, the molecular wires in the two series vary systematically in length, as characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy. The current–voltage characteristics recorded by conductive probe atomic force microscopy indicate a mechanistic transition for charge transport from voltage-driven to electrical field-driven in wires with n = 4, irrespective of the nature and length of the wires. Whilst weak length dependence of electrical resistance is observed for both series, (Rh2LL)n@Au wires exhibit smaller distance attenuation factors (β) in both the tunneling (β = 0.044 Å–1) and hopping (β = 0.003 Å–1) regimes, although in (Rh2LS)n@Au the electronic coupling between the adjacent Rh2 centers is stronger. DFT calculations reveal that these wires have a π-conjugated molecular backbone established through π(Rh2)–π(L) orbital interactions, and (Rh2LL)n@Au has a smaller energy gap between the filled π*(Rh2) and the empty π*(L) orbitals. Thus, for (Rh2LL)n@Au, electron hopping across the bridge is facilitated by the decreased metal to ligand charge transfer gap, while in (Rh2LS)n@Au the hopping pathway is disfavored likely due to the increased Coulomb repulsion. On this basis, we propose that the super-exchange tunneling and the underlying incoherent hopping are the dominant charge transport mechanisms for shorter (n ≤ 4) and longer (n > 4) wires, respectively, and the Rh2L subunits in mixed-valence states alternately arranged along the wire serve as the hopping sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Bu
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West , Guangzhou 510632 , China .
| | - Yingqi Xiong
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West , Guangzhou 510632 , China .
| | - Ying Ning Tan
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West , Guangzhou 510632 , China .
| | - Miao Meng
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West , Guangzhou 510632 , China .
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences , University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway , Crawley , 6009 , WA , Australia
| | - Dai-Bin Kuang
- School of Chemistry , SunYat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Chun Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West , Guangzhou 510632 , China .
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38
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Metal/molecule/metal junction studies of organometallic and coordination complexes; What can transition metals do for molecular electronics? Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Gray V, Küçüköz B, Edhborg F, Abrahamsson M, Moth-Poulsen K, Albinsson B. Singlet and triplet energy transfer dynamics in self-assembled axial porphyrin–anthracene complexes: towards supra-molecular structures for photon upconversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7549-7558. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Singlet and triplet energy transfer dynamics in anthracene–ruthenium porphyrin complexes, and their application to photon upconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gray
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Betül Küçüköz
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edhborg
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Maria Abrahamsson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
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40
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Méndez-Ardoy A, Markandeya N, Li X, Tsai YT, Pecastaings G, Buffeteau T, Maurizot V, Muccioli L, Castet F, Huc I, Bassani DM. Multi-dimensional charge transport in supramolecular helical foldamer assemblies. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7251-7257. [PMID: 29147547 PMCID: PMC5633016 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic foldamers are bioinspired architectures whose potential use in materials remains largely unexplored. Here we report our investigation of vertical and horizontal charge transport over long distances in helical oligo-quinolinecarboxamide foldamers organized as single monolayers on Au or SiO2. Conductive atomic force microscopy showed that vertical conductivity is efficient and that it displays a low attenuation with foldamer length (0.06 Å-1). In contrast, horizontal charge transport is found to be negligible, demonstrating the strong anisotropy of foldamer monolayers. Kinetic Monte Carlo calculations were used to probe the mechanism of charge transport in these helical molecules and revealed the presence of intramolecular through-space charge transfer integrals approaching those found in pentacene and rubrene crystals, in line with experimental results. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of charge hopping along the foldamer chain evidence the strong contribution of multiple 1D and 3D pathways in these architectures and their dependence on conformational order. These findings show that helical foldamer architectures may provide a route for achieving charge transport over long distance by combining multiple charge transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez-Ardoy
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255 ISM , 351, Cours de la Libération , 33405 Talence , France .
| | - Nagula Markandeya
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5248 CBMN , 2 rue Escarpit , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Xuesong Li
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5248 CBMN , 2 rue Escarpit , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Yu-Tang Tsai
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255 ISM , 351, Cours de la Libération , 33405 Talence , France .
| | - Gilles Pecastaings
- Inst. Polytechnique de Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5629 LCPO , 16, Av. Pey-Berland , 33600 Pessac , France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255 ISM , 351, Cours de la Libération , 33405 Talence , France .
| | - Victor Maurizot
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5248 CBMN , 2 rue Escarpit , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255 ISM , 351, Cours de la Libération , 33405 Talence , France .
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255 ISM , 351, Cours de la Libération , 33405 Talence , France .
| | - Ivan Huc
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5248 CBMN , 2 rue Escarpit , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Dario M Bassani
- Univ. Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255 ISM , 351, Cours de la Libération , 33405 Talence , France .
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41
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Nonlinear and Nonsymmetric Single-Molecule Electronic Properties Towards Molecular Information Processing. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:79. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Tamaki T, Ohto T, Yamada R, Tada H, Ogawa T. Analysis of Single Molecule Conductance of Heterogeneous Porphyrin Arrays by Partial Transmission Probabilities. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate school of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Division of Future Materials; Graduate school of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Division of Future Materials; Graduate school of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Division of Future Materials; Graduate school of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate school of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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43
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Richert S, Limburg B, Anderson HL, Timmel CR. On the Influence of the Bridge on Triplet State Delocalization in Linear Porphyrin Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12003-12008. [PMID: 28809559 PMCID: PMC5579581 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extent of triplet state delocalization is investigated in rigid linear zinc porphyrin oligomers as a function of interporphyrin bonding characteristics, specifically in meso-meso singly linked and β,meso,β fused structures, using electron paramagnetic resonance techniques. The results are compared with those of earlier measurements on porphyrin oligomers with alkyne linkers exhibiting different preferred conformations. It is shown that dihedral angles near 90° between the porphyrin planes in directly meso-to-meso linked porphyrin oligomers lead to localization of the photoexcited triplet state on a single porphyrin unit, whereas previous work demonstrated even delocalization over two units in meso-to-meso ethyne or butadiyne-bridged oligomers, where the preferred dihedral angles amount to roughly 30° and 0°, respectively. The triplet states of fused porphyrin oligomers (i.e., porphyrin tapes) exhibit extended conjugation and even delocalization over more than two porphyrin macrocycles, in contrast to meso-to-meso ethyne or butadiyne-bridged oligomers, where the spin density distribution in molecules composed of more than two porphyrin units is not evenly spread across the oligomer chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Richert
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Limburg
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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44
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Peeks MD, Tait CE, Neuhaus P, Fischer GM, Hoffmann M, Haver R, Cnossen A, Harmer JR, Timmel CR, Anderson HL. Electronic Delocalization in the Radical Cations of Porphyrin Oligomer Molecular Wires. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10461-10471. [PMID: 28678489 PMCID: PMC5543395 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The radical cations of a family of π-conjugated porphyrin arrays have been investigated: linear chains of N = 1-6 porphyrins, a 6-porphyrin nanoring and a 12-porphyrin nanotube. The radical cations were generated in solution by chemical and electrochemical oxidation, and probed by vis-NIR-IR and EPR spectroscopies. The cations exhibit strong NIR bands at ∼1000 nm and 2000-5000 nm, which shift to longer wavelength with increasing oligomer length. Analysis of the NIR and IR spectra indicates that the polaron is delocalized over 2-3 porphyrin units in the linear oligomers. Some of the IR vibrational bands are strongly intensified on oxidation, and Fano-type antiresonances are observed when activated vibrations overlap with electronic transitions. The solution-phase EPR spectra of the radical cations have Gaussian lineshapes with linewidths proportional to N-0.5, demonstrating that at room temperature the spin hops rapidly over the whole chain on the time scale of the hyperfine coupling (ca. 100 ns). Direct measurement of the hyperfine couplings through electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) in frozen solution (80 K) indicates distribution of the spin over 2-3 porphyrin units for all the oligomers, except the 12-porphyrin nanotube, in which the spin is spread over about 4-6 porphyrins. These experimental studies of linear and cyclic cations give a consistent picture, which is supported by DFT calculations and multiparabolic modeling with a reorganization energy of 1400-2000 cm-1 and coupling of 2000 cm-1 for charge transfer between neighboring sites, placing the system in the Robin-Day class III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Peeks
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia E Tait
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Georg M Fischer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Renée Haver
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Arjen Cnossen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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45
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46
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Zhang N, Lo WY, Jose A, Cai Z, Li L, Yu L. A Single-Molecular AND Gate Operated with Two Orthogonal Switching Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701248. [PMID: 28512786 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecular electronics is a potential solution to nanoscale electronic devices. While simple functional single-molecule devices such as diodes, switches, and wires are well studied, complex single-molecular systems with multiple functional units are rarely investigated. Here, a single-molecule AND logic gate is constructed from a proton-switchable edge-on gated pyridinoparacyclophane unit with a light-switchable diarylethene unit. The AND gate can be controlled orthogonally by light and protonation and produce desired electrical output at room temperature. The AND gate shows high conductivity when treated with UV light and in the neutral state, and low conductivity when treated either with visible light or acid. A conductance difference of 7.3 is observed for the switching from the highest conducting state to second-highest conducting state and a conductance ratio of 94 is observed between the most and least conducting states. The orthogonality of the two stimuli is further demonstrated by UV-vis, NMR, and density function theory calculations. This is a demonstration of concept of constructing a complex single-molecule electronic device from two coupled functional units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wai-Yip Lo
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anex Jose
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lianwei Li
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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47
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Fukui N, Kim T, Kim D, Osuka A. Porphyrin Arch-Tapes: Synthesis, Contorted Structures, and Full Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [PMID: 28622724 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin tapes possessing meso-meso β-β β-β triple direct linkages have been targets of extensive studies because of their fully conjugated characteristic π-electronic networks. In this paper, we report porphyrin arch-tapes that bear additional carbonyl group(s) or methylene group(s) inserted between one of the β-β linkage(s) of the porphyrin tapes. The carbonyl-inserted porphyrin arch-tapes were efficiently synthesized by double fusion reactions of β-to-β carbonyl-bridged porphyrin oligomers with DDQ and Sc(OTf)3, and were converted to the methylene-bridged porphyrin arch-tapes via Luche reduction with NaBH4 and CeCl3 followed by ionic hydrogenation with HBF4·OEt2 and BH3·NEt3. While the conventional porphyrin tapes display rigid and planar structures and low solubilities, these porphyrin arch-tapes show remarkably contorted structures, flexible conformations, and improved solubilities because of the presence of the incorporated seven-membered ring(s). Interestingly, the methylene-inserted arch-tapes exhibited conjugative electronic interactions that were comparable to those of porphyrin tapes probably owing to through-space interaction in the contorted conformations. The carbonyl-inserted arch-tapes displayed distinctly larger conjugative interactions owing to an active involvement of the carbonyl group(s) in the electronic conjugation. A similar trend was observed in the nonlinear optical properties, as evidenced by their two-photon absorption cross sections. Furthermore, as a benefit of the contorted structures, these porphyrin arch-tapes can catch C60 fullerene effectively. Naturally, the electron-rich methylene-bridged arch-tapes exhibited larger association constants than the electron-deficient carbonyl-bridged arch-tapes. Among these arch-tapes, a methylene-bridged syn-Ni(II) porphyrin trimer recorded the largest association constant of (1.5 ± 0.4) × 107 M-1 in toluene at 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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48
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Morteza Najarian A, McCreery RL. Structure Controlled Long-Range Sequential Tunneling in Carbon-Based Molecular Junctions. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3542-3552. [PMID: 28238263 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based molecular junctions consisting of aromatic oligomers between conducting sp2 hybridized carbon electrodes exhibit structure-dependent current densities (J) when the molecular layer thickness (d) exceeds ∼5 nm. All four of the molecular structures examined exhibit an unusual, nonlinear ln J vs bias voltage (V) dependence which is not expected for conventional coherent tunneling or activated hopping mechanisms. All molecules exhibit a weak temperature dependence, with J increasing typically by a factor of 2 over the range of 200-440 K. Fluorene and anthraquinone show linear plots of ln J vs d with nearly identical J values for the range d = 3-10 nm, despite significant differences in their free-molecule orbital energy levels. The observed current densities for anthraquinone, fluorene, nitroazobenzene, and bis-thienyl benzene for d = 7-10 nm show no correlation with occupied (HOMO) or unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital energies, contrary to expectations for transport mechanisms based on the offset between orbital energies and the electrode Fermi level. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of molecular layers bonded to carbon electrodes revealed internal energy levels of the chemisorbed films and also indicated limited delocalization in the film interior. The observed current densities correlate well with the observed UV-vis absorption maxima for the molecular layers, implying a transport mechanism determined by the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. We conclude that transport in carbon-based aromatic molecular junctions is consistent with multistep tunneling through a barrier defined by the HOMO-LUMO gap, and not by charge transport at the electrode interfaces. In effect, interfacial "injection" at the molecule/electrode interfaces is not rate limiting due to relatively strong electronic coupling, and transport is controlled by the "bulk" properties of the molecular layer interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Morteza Najarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton,Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, Ontario T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Richard L McCreery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton,Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, Ontario T6G 2G2, Canada
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49
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Kamonsutthipaijit N, Anderson HL. Template-directed synthesis of linear porphyrin oligomers: classical, Vernier and mutual Vernier. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2729-2740. [PMID: 28553508 PMCID: PMC5426366 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a variety of template-directed strategies for preparing linear monodisperse butadiyne-linked porphyrin oligomers by Glaser–Hay coupling, based on the coordination of pyridine-substituted nickel(ii) porphyrins to zinc(ii) porphyrins.
Three different types of template-directed syntheses of linear porphyrin oligomers are presented. In the classical approach the product has the same number of binding sites as the template, whereas in Vernier reactions the product has the lowest common multiple of the numbers of binding sites in the template and the building block. Mutual Vernier templating is like Vernier templating except that both strands of the Vernier complex undergo coupling simultaneously, so that it becomes impossible to say which is the ‘template’ and which is the ‘building block’. The template-directed synthesis of monodisperse linear oligomers is more difficult than that of cyclic oligomers, because the products of linear templating have reactive ends. All three types of templating are demonstrated here, and used to prepare a nickel(ii) porphyrin dodecamer with 4-pyridyl substituents on all twelve porphyrin units. The stabilities and cooperativities of the double-strand complexes involved in these reactions were investigated by UV-vis-NIR titration. The four-rung ladder duplex has a stability constant of about 2 × 1018 M–1 in dichloromethane at 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
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50
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Wardrip AG, Mazaheripour A, Hüsken N, Jocson J, Bartlett A, Lopez RC, Frey N, Markegard CB, Kladnik G, Cossaro A, Floreano L, Verdini A, Burke AM, Dickson MN, Kymissis I, Cvetko D, Morgante A, Sharifzadeh S, Nguyen HD, Gorodetsky AA. Length‐Independent Charge Transport in Chimeric Molecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14267-14271. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin G. Wardrip
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Amir Mazaheripour
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Nina Hüsken
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Jonah‐Micah Jocson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Andrew Bartlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Robert C. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Nathan Frey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Cade B. Markegard
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Gregor Kladnik
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC Trieste 34149 Italy
- Faculty for Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Jadranska 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Anthony M. Burke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Mary N. Dickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Ioannis Kymissis
- Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Dean Cvetko
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC Trieste 34149 Italy
- Faculty for Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Jadranska 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Institut J. Stefan Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Alberto Morgante
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC Trieste 34149 Italy
- Department of Physics University of Trieste Trieste 34128 Italy
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Hung D. Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Alon A. Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
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