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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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2
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Sun W, Fu Y, Cui L, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhou B, Guo C, Liu C, Zhou J, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. Reexamining the Role of Solution-Cast Ferroelectric Polymer Interlayer toward Enhanced Efficiency and Stability in Conventional Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41647-41655. [PMID: 37621155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial modification is crucial for achieving efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution-cast poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) interlayer was applied to enhance the efficiency and stability of a range of OSCs, and the underlying mechanism was revealed via morphological and device physics studies. DMF rinse during the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer casting process strengthens π-π stacking of the active layer with fibril aggregation, optimized phase separation, and vertical component distribution, while the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer with rich diploes contributes to increased surface potential and internal electric field. The synergistic effect of the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer and DMF rinse increases the PCEs of PM6:IT-4F, PM6:C5-16, and PM6:L8-BO OSCs from 12.7, 17.9, and 18.2% to 13.1, 18.7, and 18.8%, respectively. Additionally, OSCs containing the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer also showed improved storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lianmeng Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yating Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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3
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Schwaiger DM, Lohstroh W, Müller-Buschbaum P. The Influence of the Blend Ratio, Solvent Additive, and Post-production Treatment on the Polymer Dynamics in PTB7:PCBM Blend Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M. Schwaiger
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Czerwińska-Główka D, Przystaś W, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Student S, Cwalina B, Łapkowski M, Krukiewicz K. Electrically-responsive antimicrobial coatings based on a tetracycline-loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112017. [PMID: 33812635 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The growth of bacteria and the formation of complex bacterial structures on biomedical devices is a major challenge in modern medicine. The aim of this study was to develop a biocompatible, conducting and antibacterial polymer coating applicable in biomedical engineering. Since conjugated polymers have recently aroused strong interest as controlled delivery systems for biologically active compounds, we decided to employ a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix to immobilize a powerful, first-line antibiotic: tetracycline (Tc). Drug immobilization was carried out simultaneously with the electrochemical polymerization process, allowing to obtain a polymer coating with good electrochemical behaviour (charge storage capacity of 19.15 ± 6.09 mC/cm2) and high drug loading capacity (194.7 ± 56.2 μg/cm2). Biological activity of PEDOT/Tc matrix was compared with PEDOT matrix and a bare Pt surface against a model Gram-negative bacteria strain of Escherichia coli with the use of LIVE/DEAD assay and SEM microscopy. Finally, PEDOT/Tc was shown to serve as a robust electroactive coating exhibiting antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wioletta Przystaś
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Beata Cwalina
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
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5
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Gkini K, Verykios A, Balis N, Kaltzoglou A, Papadakis M, Adamis KS, Armadorou KK, Soultati A, Drivas C, Gardelis S, Petsalakis ID, Palilis LC, Fakharuddin A, Haider MI, Bao X, Kennou S, Argitis P, Schmidt-Mende L, Coutsolelos AG, Falaras P, Vasilopoulou M. Enhanced Organic and Perovskite Solar Cell Performance through Modification of the Electron-Selective Contact with a Bodipy-Porphyrin Dyad. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1120-1131. [PMID: 31829007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic devices based on organic semiconductors and organo-metal halide perovskites have not yet reached the theoretically predicted power conversion efficiencies while they still exhibit poor environmental stability. Interfacial engineering using suitable materials has been recognized as an attractive approach to tackle the above issues. We introduce here a zinc porphyrin-triazine-bodipy donor-π bridge-acceptor dye as a universal electron transfer mediator in both organic and perovskite solar cells. Thanks to its "push-pull" character, this dye enhances electron transfer from the absorber layer toward the electron-selective contact, thus improving the device's photocurrent and efficiency. The direct result is more than 10% average power conversion efficiency enhancement in both fullerene-based (from 8.65 to 9.80%) and non-fullerene-based (from 7.71 to 8.73%) organic solar cells as well as in perovskite ones (from 14.56 to 15.67%), proving the universality of our approach. Concurrently, by forming a hydrophobic network on the surface of metal oxide substrates, it improves the nanomorphology of the photoactive overlayer and contributes to efficiency stabilization. The fabricated devices of both kinds preserved more than 85% of their efficiency upon exposure to ambient conditions for more than 600 h without any encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Gkini
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
| | - Apostolis Verykios
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Balis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Kaltzoglou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry , Voutes Campus , 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Adamis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
- Department of Chemistry , University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry , Voutes Campus , 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Konstantina-Kalliopi Armadorou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
| | | | - Spyros Gardelis
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimioupolis , 15784 Zografos , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis D Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation , Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48 , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | | | - Azhar Fakharuddin
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Muhammad Irfan Haider
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , 45320 Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 266101 Qingdao , China
| | | | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
| | | | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry , Voutes Campus , 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi , 15341 Athens , Greece
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6
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Deng Z, Ai T, Li R, Yuan W, Zhang K, Du H, Zhang H. Conjugated Polymers Containing Building Blocks 1,3,4,6-Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2,5-dione (isoDPP), Benzodipyrrolidone (BDP) or Naphthodipyrrolidone (NDP): A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1683. [PMID: 31618896 PMCID: PMC6835601 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers are widely developed and used in electronic device. Among which, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers have received the most attention due to their high performances. The novel chromophores named 1,3,4,6-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2,5-dione (isoDPP), benzodipyrrolidone (BDP) and naphthodipyrrolidone (NDP) are resemble DPP in chemical structure. IsoDPP is an isomer of DPP, with the switching position of carbonyl and amide units. The cores of BDP and NDP are tri- and tetracyclic, whereas isoDPP is bicyclic. π-Conjugation extension could result polymers with distinct optical, electrochemical and device performance. It is expected that the polymers containing these high-performance electron-deficient pigments are potential in the electronic device applications, and have the potential to be better than the DPP-based ones. IsoDPP, BDP, and NDP based polymers are synthesized since 2011, and have not receive desirable attention. In this work, the synthesis, properties (optical and electrochemical characteristics), electronic device as well as their relationship depending on core-extension or structure subtle optimization have been reviewed. The final goal is to outline a theoretical scaffold for the design the D-A type conjugated polymers, which is potential for high-performance electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Deng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Taotao Ai
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Kaili Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Huiling Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Haichang Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Li Y, Zheng N, Yu L, Wen S, Gao C, Sun M, Yang R. A Simple Phenyl Group Introduced at the Tail of Alkyl Side Chains of Small Molecular Acceptors: New Strategy to Balance the Crystallinity of Acceptors and Miscibility of Bulk Heterojunction Enabling Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807832. [PMID: 30706603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Research on fused-ring small-molecular-acceptors (SMAs) has deeply advanced the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared to fruitful studies of ladder-type cores and end-caps of SMAs, the exploration of side chains is monotonous. The widely utilized alkyl and aryl side chains usually produce a conflicting association between SMAs' crystallinity and miscibility. Herein, a fresh idea about the modification of side chains is reported to explore the subtle balance between the crystallinity and miscibility. Specifically, a phenyl is introduced to the tail of the alkyl side chain whereby a new acceptor IDIC-C4Ph is reported. Moderately weakened crystallinity is observed, while maintaining preferred absorption profiles and face-on orientations. Concurrently, remarkably improved heterojunction morphologies and stacking orientations are detected. PBDB-T:IDIC-C4Ph devices exhibit greater efficiency of 11.50% than devices from alky and aryl modified acceptors. Notably, the as-cast OSCs of PBDB-TF:IDIC-C4Ph reveal outstanding FF over 76% with the best efficiency up to 13.23%. The annealed devices reveal further increased efficiency exceeding 14% with the state of the art FF of 78.32%. Overall, an effective but easily navigable approach is demonstrated to modulate the crystallinity of SMAs toward synergistically improved morphologies and molecular orientations of bulk heterojunction enabling highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shuguang Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chenglin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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Rehman F, Mahmood K, Khalid A, Zafar MS, Hameed M. Solution-processed barium hydroxide modified boron-doped ZnO bilayer electron transporting materials: Toward stable perovskite solar cells with high efficiency of over 20.5. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 535:353-362. [PMID: 30316122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ZnO as an electron transporting material (ETM) in perovskite solar cells has many benefits, including low temperature processability and high mobility. We explore here for the first time, hysteresis-less mesostructured perovskite solar cells with an incredible steady-state efficiency of 20.62% particularly enhancement of the device stability. We anticipated a device structure consisting of a novel fully-solution-processed and low-temperature barium hydroxide hybridized boron-doped ZnO (B:ZnO) bilayer film as electron transport material (ETM). We modify the design of ETMs with reduced trap states density is very crucial to obtain highly stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) and adjustable architectures in perovskite solar cells which should produce an impact on emerging highly efficient devices and their future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rehman
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Arshi Khalid
- Department of Humanities & Basic Sciences, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Zafar
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Madsar Hameed
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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9
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Carulli F, Scavia G, Lassi E, Pasini M, Galeotti F, Brovelli S, Giovanella U, Luzzati S. A bifunctional conjugated polyelectrolyte for the interfacial engineering of polymer solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 538:611-619. [PMID: 30553094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work a novel combination of side chain functionalities, alkyl-phosphonate (EP) and alkyl-ammonium bromide (NBr) groups, on a polyfluorene backbone (PF-NBr-EP) was studied as cathode interfacial material (CIM) in polymer-based solar cells. The devices were made with a conventional geometry, with PTB7:PC71 BM as active layer and aluminum as metal electrode. The CIM showed good solubility in ethanol and film forming ability onto the active layer so that its deposition could be finely tuned. The interface engineering imparted by this CIM was assessed and discussed through kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), impedance spectroscopy, charge recombination and electron transport characterizations. To discriminate between the interfacial modifications imparted by the interlayer and its solvent, we included in this study a surface ethanol treated device. In the optimized conditions an average power conversion efficiency of 7.24% was obtained, which is about 60% higher when compared to devices made with bare Al and 26% when compared to devices made with a standard calcium/aluminum cathode. Besides performances, some insights about the devices shelf life stability are also presented. A good persistency through aging was found for the cathode interfacial engineering capabilities of PF-NBr-EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carulli
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Guido Scavia
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Lassi
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Luzzati
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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10
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Effect of the incorporation of an Ag nanoparticle interlayer on the photovoltaic performance of green bulk heterojunction water-soluble polythiophene solar cells. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Zheng Z, Hu Q, Zhang S, Zhang D, Wang J, Xie S, Wang R, Qin Y, Li W, Hong L, Liang N, Liu F, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Tang Z, Russell TP, Hou J, Zhou H. A Highly Efficient Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cell with a Fill Factor over 0.80 Enabled by a Fine-Tuned Hole-Transporting Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801801. [PMID: 29989212 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid development for tens of years, organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted much attention for their potential in practical applications. As an important photovoltaic parameter, the fill factor (FF) of OSCs stands for the effectiveness of charge generation and collection, which significantly depends on the properties of the interlayer and active layer. Here, a facile and effective strategy to improve the FF through hole-transporting layer (HTL) modification is demonstrated. By mixing WOx nanoparticles with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) emulsion, the surface free energy of the HTL is improved and the morphology of the active layer is optimized. Benefiting from increased carrier lifetime, a device based on WOx :PEDOT:PSS HTL exhibits a boosted performance with an FF of 80.79% and power conversion efficiency of 14.57% PCE. The results are certified by the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), which, to date, are the highest values in this field with certification. This work offers a simple and viable option of HTL modification to realize highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shenkun Xie
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wanning Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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12
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Wang J, Yin P, Wu Y, Liu G, Cui C, Shen P. Synthesis and optoelectronic property manipulation of conjugated polymer photovoltaic materials based on benzo[d]-dithieno[3,2-b;2′,3′-f]azepine. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Lee H, Park C, Sin DH, Park JH, Cho K. Recent Advances in Morphology Optimization for Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800453. [PMID: 29921007 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics are an important part of a next-generation energy-harvesting technology that uses a practically infinite pollutant-free energy source. They have the advantages of light weight, solution processability, cheap materials, low production cost, and deformability. However, to date, the moderate photovoltaic efficiencies and poor stabilities of organic photovoltaics impede their use as replacements for inorganic photovoltaics. Recent developments in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics mean that they have almost reached the lower efficiency limit for feasible commercialization. In this review article, the recent understanding of the ideal bulk-heterojunction morphology of the photoactive layer for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport is described, and recent attempts as well as early-stage trials to realize this ideal morphology are discussed systematically from a morphological viewpoint. The various approaches to optimizing morphologies consisting of an interpenetrating bicontinuous network with appropriate domain sizes and mixed regions are categorized, and in each category, the recent trends in the morphology control on the multilength scale are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review article concludes by identifying the remaining challenges for the control of active layer morphologies and by providing perspectives toward real application and commercialization of organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Chaneui Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Sin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Creative and Fundamental Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, 51543, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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14
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Carulli F, Mróz W, Lassi E, Sandionigi C, Squeo B, Meazza L, Scavia G, Luzzati S, Pasini M, Giovanella U, Galeotti F. Effect of the introduction of an alcohol-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte as cathode interlayer in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Lee S, Nguyen TL, Lee SY, Jang CH, Lee BR, Jung ED, Park SY, Yoon YJ, Kim JY, Woo HY, Song MH. Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Bearing Various Ion Densities: Spontaneous Dipole Generation, Poling-Induced Dipole Alignment, and Interfacial Energy Barrier Control for Optoelectronic Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706034. [PMID: 29450928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with π-delocalized main backbones and ionic pendant groups are intensively studied as interfacial layers for efficient polymer-based optoelectronic devices (POEDs) because they facilitate facile control of charge injection/extraction barriers. Here, a simple and effective method of performing precise interfacial energy level adjustment is presented by employing CPEs with different thicknesses and various ion densities under electric poling to realize efficient charge injection/extraction of POEDs. The effects of the CPE ion densities and electric (positive or negative) poling on the energy level tuning process are investigated by measuring the open-circuit voltages and current densities of devices with the structure indium tin oxide/zinc oxide/CPE/organic active layer/molybdenum oxide/gold while changing the CPE film thickness. The performances of inverted polymer light-emitting diodes and inverted polymer solar cells are remarkably improved by precisely controlling the interfacial energy level matching using optimum CPE conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hyeon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Dae Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Jin Yoon
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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16
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Huai Z, Wang L, Sun Y, Fan R, Huang S, Zhao X, Li X, Fu G, Yang S. High-Efficiency and Stable Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Dual Cathode Buffer Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5682-5692. [PMID: 29345140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Various cathode interface materials have been used in organic solar cells (OSCs) to realize high performance. However, most cathode interface materials have their respective weaknesses in maximizing the efficiency or stability of OSCs. Herein, three kinds of alcohol-soluble cathode interfacial materials are combined with bathocuproine (BCP) to serve as multifunctional bilayer cathode buffers for the regular OSCs, and thus greatly enhanced power conversion efficiencies over 10.11% and significantly improved device stability have been achieved. By utilizing double interlayers, both light absorption and light distribution in active layer are improved. Furthermore, double interlayers offer favorable energy-level alignment, alcohol treatment, and duplicate protection of active layer, resulting in significantly reduced leakage current, suppressed recombination, and efficient charge collection. The improved device stability is related to the blocking effect of the complex formed between BCP and the metal electrode and the additional protection effect of the underlying alcohol-soluble materials. In view of the universal use of alcohol-soluble organic electrolyte as cathode buffer layers and by courtesy of the superiority of the double cathode layers relative to the monolayer controls, the double interlayer strategy demonstrated here opens a new way to fully exploiting the potential of OSCs and is believed to be extended to a wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Huai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yansheng Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Rui Fan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shahua Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Guangsheng Fu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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17
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Boosting electron extraction of inverted polymer solar cells using solution-processed nanocrystals as cathode interlayer. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Shin J, Kim M, Lee J, Kim HG, Hwang H, Cho K. Positional effects of fluorination in conjugated side chains on photovoltaic properties of donor–acceptor copolymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1176-1179. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The position at which conjugated side chains were fluorinated, the meta- or ortho-position in phenyl side chains, was varied to investigate the positional effects of fluorination on the energy levels, crystalline ordering, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Heung Gyu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Hyeongjin Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Korea
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19
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Li Z, Zhang X, Li S, Liu C, Zhang Z, Li J, Shen L, Guo W, Ruan S. Employing inorganic/organic hybrid interface layer to improve electron transfer for inverted polymer solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Chen Y, Zhan C, Yao J. Understanding Solvent Manipulation of Morphology in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2620-2632. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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21
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Huang Y, Xu W, Zhou C, Zhong W, Xie R, Gong X, Ying L, Huang F, Cao Y. Synthesis of medium-bandgap π-Conjugated polymers based on isomers of 5-Alkylphenanthridin-6(5H)-one and 6-Alkoxylphenanthridine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhan Xu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihao Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Gong
- Department of Polymer Engineering; the University of Akron; 250 South Forge Street Akron Ohio 44325-0301
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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22
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Liu F, Fan H, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Low-Bandgap Small-Molecule Donor Material Containing Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene Moiety for High-Performance Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3661-3668. [PMID: 26512794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By replacing the central thiophene of STDR, a sepithiophene terminated with two 3-ethylrhodanine moieties, with 2-ethylhexyl 3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate, an A-D-Q-D-A-type small molecule has been developed for high-performance organic solar cells with improved photocurrent. STDR-TbT exhibits a significant bathochromic shift with a low optical bandgap of approximately 1.60 eV in the thin film. Accordingly, STDR-TbT shows broad external quantum efficiency spectral response up to 800 nm. A high short circuit current (Jsc) of 10.90 mA cm(-2) was achieved for STDR-TbT:PC71BM-based devices; this is significantly higher than that of STDR:PC71BM-based devices, Jsc: 5.61 mA cm(-2), with a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.05%. Compared with STDR-based devices, STDR-TbT-based devices show balanced charge carrier transport, better thin-film morphology, and favorable charge separation/collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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23
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Keshtov ML, Khokhlov AR, Kuklin SA, Chen FC, Nikolaev AY, Koukaras EN, Sharma GD. Synthesis of alternating D–A1–D–A2 terpolymers comprising two electron-deficient moieties, quinoxaline and benzothiadiazole units for photovoltaic applications. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new regular (D–A1–D–A2) terpolymersP1andP2containing two electron-deficient moieties, quinoxaline and benzothiadiazole, were designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Keshtov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - A. R. Khokhlov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - S. A. Kuklin
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - F. C. Chen
- Department of Photonics
- National Chiao Tung University
- 1001 University Road
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - A. Y. Nikolaev
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - E. N. Koukaras
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- Patras
- Greece
| | - G. D. Sharma
- Department of Physics
- The LNM Institute of Information Technology
- Jaipur
- India
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24
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Chen W, Du Z, Xiao M, Zhang J, Yang C, Han L, Bao X, Yang R. High-Performance Small Molecule/Polymer Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on a Layer-By-Layer Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23190-23196. [PMID: 26436528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The layer-by-layer process method, which had been used to fabricate a bilayer or bulk heterojunction organic solar cell, was developed to fabricate highly efficient ternary blend solar cells in which small molecules and polymers act as two donors. The active layer could be formed by incorporating the small molecules into the polymer based active layer via a layer-by-layer method: the small molecules were first coated on the surface of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS), and then the mixed solution of polymer and fullerene derivative was spin-coated on top of a small molecule layer. In this method, the small molecules in crystalline state were effectively mixed in the active layer. Without further optimization of the morphology of the ternary blend, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.76% was obtained with large short-circuit current density (Jsc) (17.24 mA cm(-2)) and fill factor (FF) (0.696). The high PCE resulted from not only enhanced light harvesting but also more balanced charge transport by incorporating small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhengkun Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Manjun Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Liangliang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
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25
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Marzano G, Kotowski D, Babudri F, Musio R, Pellegrino A, Luzzati S, Po R, Farinola GM. Tin-Free Synthesis of a Ternary Random Copolymer for BHJ Solar Cells: Direct (Hetero)arylation versus Stille Polymerization. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Marzano
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via
Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - D. Kotowski
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, ISMAC, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Babudri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via
Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Musio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via
Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - A. Pellegrino
- Centro Ricerche per le Energie Rinnovabili e l’Ambiente − Istituto Eni Donegani, Eni SpA, Via Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - S. Luzzati
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, ISMAC, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R. Po
- Centro Ricerche per le Energie Rinnovabili e l’Ambiente − Istituto Eni Donegani, Eni SpA, Via Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - G. M. Farinola
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via
Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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26
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Chuang HY, Hsu SLC, Chen LC, Sun Y, Lin PY. Dioctylfluorene-thiophene based conjugated copolymers for bulk heterojunction solar cells and enhanced power conversion efficiency via methanol treatment. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan 701-01 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Steve Lien-Chung Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan 701-01 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Li-Chiun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan 701-01 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan 701-01 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Pi-Yun Lin
- Instrument Center of National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701-01 Taiwan R.O.C
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27
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Vasilopoulou M, Douvas AM, Palilis LC, Kennou S, Argitis P. Old Metal Oxide Clusters in New Applications: Spontaneous Reduction of Keggin and Dawson Polyoxometalate Layers by a Metallic Electrode for Improving Efficiency in Organic Optoelectronics. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6844-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi
Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios M. Douvas
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi
Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stella Kennou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi
Attikis, Athens, Greece
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28
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Chakravarthi N, Gunasekar K, Kim CS, Kim DH, Song M, Park YG, Lee JY, Shin Y, Kang IN, Jin SH. Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Properties of 4,8-Dithienylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-Based Donor–Acceptor Polymers with New Polymerization and 2D Conjugation Extension Pathways: A Potential Donor Building Block for High Performance and Stable Inverted Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nallan Chakravarthi
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumarasamy Gunasekar
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Kim
- Surface
Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Surface
Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Song
- Surface
Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Geun Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Shin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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29
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Guo S, Cao B, Wang W, Moulin JF, Müller-Buschbaum P. Effect of alcohol treatment on the performance of PTB7:PC71BM bulk heterojunction solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4641-9. [PMID: 25668222 DOI: 10.1021/am5079418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of an environmentally friendly alcohol treatment on bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells using the low-bandgap copolymer based on thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-alt-benzodithiophene units and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester is systematically investigated. Different alcohols are tested, and besides the most commonly used methanol treatment, other alcohols such as ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol also improve the device performance to certain extents as compared to the untreated solar cells. Changes of the surface structure caused by the alcohol treatment are probed with atomic force microscopy, and the modification of inner film morphology is probed by time-of-flight-grazing incidence small-angle neutron scattering (TOF-GISANS). UV/vis measurements show that the thickness of all BHJ films remains unchanged by the different solvent treatments. Thus, the enhanced device performance induced by the alcohol treatments is correlated to the reconstruction of the inner film structures probed with TOF-GISANS and the modified energy levels at the interfaces between the BHJ layer and the aluminum electrodes, evident by the enhanced short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage of the I-V curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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30
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Li M, Lv J, Wang L, Liu J, Yu X, Xing R, Wang L, Geng Y, Han Y. An alcohol-soluble perylene diimide derivative as cathode interfacial layer for PDI-based nonfullerene organic solar cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Uncovering the role of cathode buffer layer in organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7803. [PMID: 25588623 PMCID: PMC4295095 DOI: 10.1038/srep07803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) as the third generation photovoltaic devices have drawn intense research, for their ability to be easily deposited by low-cost solution coating technologies. However the cathode in conventional OSCs, Ca, can be only deposited by thermal evaporation and is highly unstable in ambient. Therefore various solution processible cathode buffer layers (CBLs) are synthesized as substitute of Ca and show excellent effect in optimizing performance of OSCs. Yet, there is still no universal consensus on the mechanism that how CBL works, which is evidently a critical scientific issue that should be addressed. In this article detailed studies are targeted on the interfacial physics at the interface between active layer and cathode (with and without treatment of a polar CBL) by using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage measurement, and impedance spectroscopy. The experimental data demonstrate that CBL mainly takes effect in three ways: suppressing surface states at the surface of active layer, protecting the active layer from being damaged by thermally evaporated cathode, and changing the energy level alignment by forming dipole moments with active layer and/or cathode. Our findings here provide a comprehensive picture of interfacial physics in devices with and without CBL.
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32
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Ashraf RS, Meager I, Nikolka M, Kirkus M, Planells M, Schroeder BC, Holliday S, Hurhangee M, Nielsen CB, Sirringhaus H, McCulloch I. Chalcogenophene comonomer comparison in small band gap diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers for high-performing field-effect transistors and organic solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1314-21. [PMID: 25547347 DOI: 10.1021/ja511984q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymers with different chalcogenophene comonomers (thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene) for use in field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic devices are reported. The effect of the heteroatom substitution on the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties and charge carrier mobilities of these polymers is discussed. The results indicate that by increasing the size of the chalcogen atom (S < Se < Te), polymer band gaps are narrowed mainly due to LUMO energy level stabilization. In addition, the larger heteroatomic size also increases intermolecular heteroatom-heteroatom interactions facilitating the formation of polymer aggregates leading to enhanced field-effect mobilities of 1.6 cm(2)/(V s). Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on the chalcogenophene polymer series blended with fullerene derivatives show good photovoltaic properties, with power conversion efficiencies ranging from 7.1-8.8%. A high photoresponse in the near-infrared (NIR) region with excellent photocurrents above 20 mA cm(-2) was achieved for all polymers, making these highly efficient low band gap polymers promising candidates for use in tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Shahid Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kindgom
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33
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Chakravarthi N, Gunasekar K, Kranthiraja K, Kim T, Cho W, Kim CS, Kim DH, Song M, Jin SH. The effect of with/without resonance-mediated interactions on the organic solar cell performance of new 2D π-conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00769k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis-tolane as an integrated part of the benzodithiophene donor unit for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallan Chakravarthi
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials
- and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials
- Pusan National University
| | - Kumarasamy Gunasekar
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials
- and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials
- Pusan National University
| | - Kakaraparthi Kranthiraja
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials
- and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials
- Pusan National University
| | - Taeik Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials
- and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials
- Pusan National University
| | - Woosum Cho
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials
- and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials
- Pusan National University
| | - Chang Su Kim
- Surface Technology Division
- Korea Institute of Materials Science
- Changwon 641-831
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Surface Technology Division
- Korea Institute of Materials Science
- Changwon 641-831
- Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Song
- Surface Technology Division
- Korea Institute of Materials Science
- Changwon 641-831
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials
- and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials
- Pusan National University
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34
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Hu Z, Zhang K, Huang F, Cao Y. Water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers for the interface engineering of highly efficient polymer light-emitting diodes and polymer solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5572-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a summary of the recent developments and applications of water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers in highly efficient polymer light-emitting diodes and polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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35
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Li Z, Zang Y, Chueh CC, Cho N, Lu J, Wang X, Huang J, Li CZ, Yu J, Jen AKY. Tetrathienodibenzocarbazole Based Donor–Acceptor Type Wide Band-Gap Copolymers for Polymer Solar Cell Applications. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501736m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong’an Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yue Zang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- State
Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School
of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Namchul Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jinrong Lu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- State
Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School
of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School
of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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36
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Kranthiraja K, Gunasekar K, Cho W, Song M, Park YG, Lee JY, Shin Y, Kang IN, Kim A, Kim H, Kim B, Jin SH. Alkoxyphenylthiophene Linked Benzodithiophene Based Medium Band Gap Polymers for Organic Photovoltaics: Efficiency Improvement upon Methanol Treatment Depends on the Planarity of Backbone. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5010875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kakaraparthi Kranthiraja
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumarasamy Gunasekar
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosum Cho
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Song
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Geun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Shin
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Photo-electronic
Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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37
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Synooka O, Kretschmer F, Hager MD, Himmerlich M, Krischok S, Gehrig D, Laquai F, Schubert US, Gobsch G, Hoppe H. Modification of the active layer/PEDOT:PSS interface by solvent additives resulting in improvement of the performance of organic solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11068-11081. [PMID: 24979240 DOI: 10.1021/am503284b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of various polar solvent additives with different dipole moments has been investigated since the performance of a photovoltaic device comprising a donor-acceptor copolymer (benzothiadiazole-fluorene-diketopyrrolopyrrole (BTD-F-DKPP)) and phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was notably increased. A common approach for controlling bulk heterojunction morphology and thereby improving the solar cell performance involves the use of solvent additives exhibiting boiling points higher than that of the surrounding solvent in order to allow the fullerene to aggregate during the host solvent evaporation and film solidification. In contrast to that, we report the application of polar solvent additives with widely varied dipole moments, where intentionally no dependence on their boiling points was applied. We found that an appropriate amount of the additive can improve all solar cell parameters. This beneficial effect could be largely attributed to a modification of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-active layer interface within the device layer stack, which was successfully reproduced for polymer solar cells based on the commonly used PCDTBT (poly[N-900-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(40,70-di-2-thienyl-20,10,30-benzothiadiazole)]) copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesia Synooka
- Institut für Physik and Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, Technische Universität Ilmenau , Langewiesener Strasse 22, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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38
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Guo X, Zhang M, Ma W, Ye L, Zhang S, Liu S, Ade H, Huang F, Hou J. Enhanced photovoltaic performance by modulating surface composition in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells based on PBDTTT-C-T/PC71 BM. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4043-4049. [PMID: 24715264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For the blend film of PBDTTT-C-T:PC71 BM, the use of 1,8-diiodooctane as the solvent additive enriches the polymer at the top surface, so that a power conversion efficiency of 9.13% is recorded in the inverted polymer solar cell based on the blend, which is much higher than that of the device with conventional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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39
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Huang Y, Kramer EJ, Heeger AJ, Bazan GC. Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Morphology and Performance Relationships. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7006-43. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400353v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1017] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of Materials, §Department of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of Materials, §Department of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alan J. Heeger
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of Materials, §Department of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of Materials, §Department of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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40
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Kim J, Yun MH, Kim GH, Lee J, Lee SM, Ko SJ, Kim Y, Dutta GK, Moon M, Park SY, Kim DS, Kim JY, Yang C. Synthesis of PCDTBT-based fluorinated polymers for high open-circuit voltage in organic photovoltaics: towards an understanding of relationships between polymer energy levels engineering and ideal morphology control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:7523-7534. [PMID: 24745357 DOI: 10.1021/am500891z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorine (F) atoms onto conjugated polymer backbone has verified to be an effective way to enhance the overall performance of polymer-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, but the underlying working principles are not yet fully uncovered. As our attempt to further understand the impact of F, herein we have reported two novel fluorinated analogues of PCDTBT, namely, PCDTFBT (1F) and PCDT2FBT (2F), through inclusion of either one or two F atoms into the benzothiadiazole (BT) unit of the polymer backbone and the characterization of their physical properties, especially their performance in solar cells. Together with a profound effect of fluorination on the optical property, nature of charge transport, and molecular organization, F atoms are effective in lowering both the HOMO and LUMO levels of the polymers without a large change in the energy bandgaps. PCDTFBT-based BHJ solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.96 % with high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.95 V, mainly due to the deep HOMO level (-5.54 eV). To the best of our knowledge, the resulting VOC is comparable to the record VOC values in single junction devices. Furthermore, to our delight, the best PCDTFBT-based device, prepared using 2 % v/v diphenyl ether (DPE) additive, reaches the PCE of 4.29 %. On the other hand, doubly-fluorinated polymer PCDT2FBT shows the only moderate PCE of 2.07 % with a decrease in VOC (0.88 V), in spite of the further lowering of the HOMO level (-5.67 eV) with raising the number of F atoms. Thus, our results highlight that an improvement in efficiency by tuning the energy levels of the polymers by means of molecular design can be expected only if their truly optimized morphologies with fullerene in BHJ systems are materialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggi Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Korea
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41
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Khan TM, Zhou Y, Dindar A, Shim JW, Fuentes-Hernandez C, Kippelen B. Organic photovoltaic cells with stable top metal electrodes modified with polyethylenimine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6202-6207. [PMID: 24773311 DOI: 10.1021/am501236z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) often contain highly reactive low-work-function calcium electron-collecting electrodes. In this work, efficient OPV are demonstrated in which calcium electrodes were avoided by depositing a thin layer of the amine-containing nonconjugated polymer, polyethylenimine (PEIE), between the photoactive organic semiconductor layer and stable metal electrodes such as aluminum, silver, or gold. Devices with structure ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C60-bis-adduct (P3HT:ICBA)/PEIE/Al demonstrated overall photovoltaic device performance comparable to devices containing calcium electron-collecting electrodes, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Ca/Al, with open-circuit voltage of 775±6 mV, short-circuit current density of 9.1±0.5 mA cm(-2), fill factor of 0.65±0.01, and power conversion efficiency of 4.6±0.3%, averaged over 5 devices at 1 sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha M Khan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, United States
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42
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Bin H, Xiao L, Liu Y, Shen P, Li Y. Effects of donor unit and π-bridge on photovoltaic properties of D-A copolymers based on benzo[1,2-b
:4,5-c
']-dithiophene-4,8-dione acceptor unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Bin
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shen
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
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43
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Meng Y, Hu Z, Ai N, Jiang Z, Wang J, Peng J, Cao Y. Improving the stability of bulk heterojunction solar cells by incorporating pH-neutral PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:5122-5129. [PMID: 24611433 DOI: 10.1021/am500336s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the application of traditional bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells, to prevent the etching of ITO by the acidic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and thereby improve the device stability, pH-neutral PEDOT:PSS is introduced as the hole transport layer (HTL). After treating the neutral PEDOT:PSS with UV-ozone and with an oxygen plasma, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device increases from 3.44% to 6.60%. Such surface treatments reduce the energy level offset between the HTL and the active layer, which increases the open circuit voltage and enhances hole transportation, leading to the PCE improvement. Moreover, the devices with the neutral PEDOT:PSS HTL are more stable in air than those with the acidic PEDOT:PSS HTL. The PCE of the devices with the acidic PEDOT:PSS HTL decreases by 20% after 7 days and 45% after 50 days under ambient conditions, whereas the PCE of the devices with the pH-neutral PEDOT:PSS HTL decreases by only 9 and 20% after 7 and 50 days, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the acidic PEDOT:PSS etches the indium from the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode, which is responsible for the degradation of the device. In comparison, the diffusion of the indium is much slower in the devices with the pH-neutral PEDOT:PSS HTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Meng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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44
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Zhang M, Guo X, Ma W, Zhang S, Huo L, Ade H, Hou J. An easy and effective method to modulate molecular energy level of the polymer based on benzodithiophene for the application in polymer solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2089-2095. [PMID: 24347435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Attaching meta-alkoxy-phenyl groups as conjugated side chains is an easy and effective way to modulate the molecular energy level of D-A polymer for photovoltaic application, and the polymer solar cells based on the polymer consisting meta-alkoxy-phenyl groups as conjugated side chain, PBT-OP, shows an enhanced open circuit voltage and thus higher efficiency of 7.50%, under the illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm(2) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Lakhwani
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom;
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom;
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom;
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46
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Wang K, Zhang ZG, Fu Q, Li Y. Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of a D-A Copolymer Based on the 2,3-Di(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline Acceptor Unit. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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47
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He Z, Wu H, Cao Y. Recent advances in polymer solar cells: realization of high device performance by incorporating water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers as electrode buffer layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1006-1024. [PMID: 24338677 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Progress Report highlights recent advances in polymer solar cells with special attention focused on the recent rapid-growing progress in methods that use a thin layer of alcohol/water-soluble conjugated polymers as key component to obtain optimized device performance, but also discusses novel materials and device architectures made by major prestigious institutions in this field. We anticipate that due to drastic improvements in efficiency and easy utilization, this method opens up new opportunities for PSCs from various material systems to improve towards 10% efficiency, and many novel device structures will emerge as suitable architectures for developing the ideal roll-to-roll type processing of polymer-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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48
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Lee BR, Jung ED, Nam YS, Jung M, Park JS, Lee S, Choi H, Ko SJ, Shin NR, Kim YK, Kim SO, Kim JY, Shin HJ, Cho S, Song MH. Amine-based polar solvent treatment for highly efficient inverted polymer solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:494-500. [PMID: 24114852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial dipolar polarization in inverted structure polymer solar cells, which arises spontaneously from the absorption of ethanolamine end groups, such as amine and hydroxyl groups on ripple-structure zinc oxide (ZnO-R), lowers the contact barrier for electron transport and extraction and leads to enhanced electron mobility, suppression of bimolecular recombination, reduction of the contact resistance and series resistance, and remarkable enhancement of the power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Lee
- School of Mechanical and Advanced Materials Engineering, KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
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49
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Yuan T, Yang D, Zhu X, Zhou L, Zhang J, Tu G, Li C. Conventional polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies increased to >9% by a combination of methanol treatment and an anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte interface layer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of a PTB7:PC71BM polymer solar cell was improved up to 9.1% by a combination of methanol treatment followed by conjugation of a water- or alcohol-soluble polyelectrolyte thin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy
- Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy
- Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy
- Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Tu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy
- Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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50
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Petiot P, Dansereau J, Gagnon A. Copper-catalyzed N-arylation of azoles and diazoles using highly functionalized trivalent organobismuth reagents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-arylation of indoles, indazoles, pyrroles, and pyrazoles using highly functionalized trivalent arylbismuth reagents is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Petiot
- Département de chimie
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Julien Dansereau
- Département de chimie
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal, Canada
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