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Jue J, Gan Z, Luo Z, Li K. Direct Laser Writing of Functional QD-Polymer Structure with High Resolution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2456. [PMID: 36984336 PMCID: PMC10053760 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Promising direct laser writing (DLW) technology has been introduced to process functional quantum dot (QD)-polymer nanocomposites. The results reveal that after surface modification, the QDs are compatible with the SR399 monomer, and the homogeneous incorporation of QDs is accordingly obtained owing to the copolymerization and resultant cross-linking of QDs into SR399 resin under DLW processing with a laser wavelength (λ) of 532 nm. Moreover, compared with other scholars, we have proved that the surface modified QDs incorporated into the nanocomposites that can be successfully processed via DLW can reach a concentration of up to 150 mg/mL. Owing to the threshold behavior and nonlinear nature of the DLW process, it is feasible to modify the attendant exposure kinetics and design lines of any small size by selecting an appropriate laser power (P) and scan speed (v). The superfine feature size of 65 nm (λ/8) of the red QD-polymer suspended line can be tailored by applying the optimized P of 15 mW and v of 700 μm/s, and the finest green QD-polymer suspended line also reaches 65 nm (λ/8) with the optimized P of 14 mW and v of 250 μm/s used. Moreover, DLW processed QD-polymer structures present strong and homogeneous photoluminescence emission, which shows great potential for application in high-resolution displays, anti-counterfeit technology, and optical encryption. Additionally, the two types of long pass QD-polymer absorptive filters prepared by DLW exhibit superior optical performance with a considerably high transmittance of more than 90% for red QD-polymer block filter, and over 70% for green QD-polymer block filter in the transmittance region, which means that different filters with specific performance can be easily customized to meet the demand of various microdevices. Therefore, the DLW process can be applied to produce geometrically complex micro- and nanoscale functional structures, which will contribute to the development of advanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiubin Jue
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Information Storage Systems, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zongsong Gan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Information Storage Systems, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Information Storage Systems, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kai Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Information Storage Systems, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Xue Z, Song H, Rogers JA, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Mechanically-Guided Structural Designs in Stretchable Inorganic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902254. [PMID: 31348578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the area of stretchable inorganic electronics has evolved very rapidly, in part because the results have opened up a series of unprecedented applications with broad interest and potential for impact, especially in bio-integrated systems. Low modulus mechanics and the ability to accommodate extreme mechanical deformations, especially high levels of stretching, represent key defining characteristics. Most existing studies exploit structural material designs to achieve these properties, through the integration of hard inorganic electronic components configured into strategic 2D/3D geometries onto patterned soft substrates. The diverse structural geometries developed for stretchable inorganic electronics are summarized, covering the designs of functional devices and soft substrates, with a focus on fundamental principles, design approaches, and system demonstrations. Strategies that allow spatial integration of 3D stretchable device layouts are also highlighted. Finally, perspectives on the remaining challenges and open opportunities are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Xue
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Honglie Song
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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4
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Yang H, Wang H, Feng J, Ye Y, Liu W. Solventless Synthesis and Patterning of UV‐Responsive Poly(allyl methacrylate) Film. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Yang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hong Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Jingang Feng
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Yumin Ye
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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Abstract
The PVP and its derivatives have been broadly applied in polymers, organic
syntheses, and catalysis processes. The crosslinked PVP is a well-known polymer support
for numerous reagents and catalysts. Cross-linked PVPs are commercially available polymers
and have attracted much attention over the past due to their interesting properties
such as the facile functionalization, high accessibility of functional groups, being nonhygroscopic,
easy to prepare, easy filtration, and swelling in many organic solvents. A
brief explanation of the reported applications of PVPs in different fields followed by the
discussion on the implementation of methodologies for catalytic efficiency of PVP-based
reagents in the organic synthesis is included. The aim is to summarize the literature under
a few catalytic categories and to present each as a short scheme involving reaction conditions.
In the text, discussions on the synthesis and the structural determination of some typical polymeric reagents
are presented, and the mechanisms of some organic reactions are given. Where appropriate, advantages
of reagents in comparison with the previous reports are presented. This review does not include patent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanna S. Abbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pu Z, Tu J, Han R, Zhang X, Wu J, Fang C, Wu H, Zhang X, Yu H, Li D. A flexible enzyme-electrode sensor with cylindrical working electrode modified with a 3D nanostructure for implantable continuous glucose monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3570-3577. [PMID: 30376024 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00908b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel cylindrical flexible enzyme-electrode sensor was fabricated with a bigger working electrode (WE) surface than the traditional pin-like one for implantable continuous glucose monitoring. On the WE surface, a 3D nanostructure consisting of graphene and platinum nanoparticles was constructed to enhance the sensitivity; in conjunction with the bigger WE, this nanostructure enabled hypoglycemia detection, which is still a big challenge in clinics. The cylindrical sensor was fabricated by rotated inkjet printing which enabled direct patterning of microstructures on a curved surface, thus overcoming the restriction of the traditional planar micromachining by photolithography. Specifically, the cylindrical substrate (polyetheretherketone, PEEK) was modified by (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane to facilitate surface wettability, which discourages the coalescence of adjacent droplets, and to facilitate the adhesion of metals to PEEK in order to construct robust electrodes. A synchronous heating method was used to evaporate the solvent of the droplets quickly to prevent them from running along the cylindrical surface, which affects the formation of the printed electrode significantly. In vitro experimental results showed that the proposed sensor was able to detect the glucose concentration ranging from 0 to 570 mg dL-1 which demonstrated its capability for physiological glucose detection. In vivo experiments were conducted with rats, and the measurement results recorded using the implanted cylindrical sensor showed great compliance to those recorded using a commercial glucometer which exhibited the viability of the proposed sensor for implantable continuous glucose monitoring, even under the hypoglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jiaan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ruixue Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jianwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Haixia Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Chen HY. Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1366-1374. [PMID: 28900592 PMCID: PMC5530612 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vapor-deposition processes and the resulting thin polymer films provide consistent coatings that decouple the underlying substrate surface properties and can be applied for surface modification regardless of the substrate material and geometry. Here, various ways to structure these vapor-deposited polymer thin films are described. Well-established and available photolithography and soft lithography techniques are widely performed for the creation of surface patterns and microstructures on coated substrates. However, because of the requirements for applying a photomask or an elastomeric stamp, these techniques are mostly limited to flat substrates. Attempts are also conducted to produce patterned structures on non-flat surfaces with various maskless methods such as light-directed patterning and direct-writing approaches. The limitations for patterning on non-flat surfaces are resolution and cost. With the requirement of chemical control and/or precise accessibility to the linkage with functional molecules, chemically and topographically defined interfaces have recently attracted considerable attention. The multifunctional, gradient, and/or synergistic activities of using such interfaces are also discussed. Finally, an emerging discovery of selective deposition of polymer coatings and the bottom-up patterning approach by using the selective deposition technology is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yeh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Wang M, Wang X, Moni P, Liu A, Kim DH, Jo WJ, Sojoudi H, Gleason KK. CVD Polymers for Devices and Device Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604606. [PMID: 28032923 PMCID: PMC7161753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization directly synthesizes organic thin films on a substrate from vapor phase reactants. Dielectric, semiconducting, electrically conducting, and ionically conducting CVD polymers have all been readily integrated into devices. The absence of solvent in the CVD process enables the growth of high-purity layers and avoids the potential of dewetting phenomena, which lead to pinhole defects. By limiting contaminants and defects, ultrathin (<10 nm) CVD polymeric device layers have been fabricated in multiple laboratories. The CVD method is particularly suitable for synthesizing insoluble conductive polymers, layers with high densities of organic functional groups, and robust crosslinked networks. Additionally, CVD polymers are prized for the ability to conformally cover rough surfaces, like those of paper and textile substrates, as well as the complex geometries of micro- and nanostructured devices. By employing low processing temperatures, CVD polymerization avoids damaging substrates and underlying device layers. This report discusses the mechanisms of the major CVD polymerization techniques and the recent progress of their applications in devices and device fabrication, with emphasis on initiated CVD (iCVD) and oxidative CVD (oCVD) polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Priya Moni
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Andong Liu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Do Han Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Won Jun Jo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of MechanicalIndustrial & Manufacturing EngineeringThe University of ToledoToledoOhio43606USA
| | - Karen K. Gleason
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
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Vilaró I, Yagüe JL, Borrós S. Superhydrophobic Copper Surfaces with Anticorrosion Properties Fabricated by Solventless CVD Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1057-1065. [PMID: 27977129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to continuous miniaturization and increasing number of electrical components in electronics, copper interconnections have become critical for the design of 3D integrated circuits. However, corrosion attack on the copper metal can affect the electronic performance of the material. Superhydrophobic coatings are a commonly used strategy to prevent this undesired effect. In this work, a solventless two-steps process was developed to fabricate superhydrophobic copper surfaces using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. The superhydrophobic state was achieved through the design of a hierarchical structure, combining micro-/nanoscale domains. In the first step, O2- and Ar-plasma etchings were performed on the copper substrate to generate microroughness. Afterward, a conformal copolymer, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate-ethylene glycol diacrylate [p(PFDA-co-EGDA)], was deposited on top of the metal via initiated CVD (iCVD) to lower the surface energy of the surface. The copolymer topography exhibited a very characteristic and unique nanoworm-like structure. The combination of the nanofeatures of the polymer with the microroughness of the copper led to achievement of the superhydrophobic state. AFM, SEM, and XPS were used to characterize the evolution in topography and chemical composition during the CVD processes. The modified copper showed water contact angles as high as 163° and hysteresis as low as 1°. The coating withstood exposure to aggressive media for extended periods of time. Tafel analysis was used to compare the corrosion rates between bare and modified copper. Results indicated that iCVD-coated copper corrodes 3 orders of magnitude slower than untreated copper. The surface modification process yielded repeatable and robust superhydrophobic coatings with remarkable anticorrosion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Vilaró
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University , Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L Yagüe
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University , Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University , Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Shin JW, Lee C, Cha SH, Jang J, Lee KJ. Simultaneous Chemical and Optical Patterning of Polyacrylonitrile Film by Vapor-Based Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1192-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; College of Engineering; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Choonghyeon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; College of Engineering; Seoul National University; 599 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyonggi University; Suwon 443-760 Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; College of Engineering; Seoul National University; 599 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; College of Engineering; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
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Hu X, Huang S, Gu R, Yuan C, Ge H, Chen Y. An oxygen-insensitive degradable resist for fabricating metallic patterns on highly curved surfaces by UV-nanoimprint lithography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1712-8. [PMID: 25186342 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an oxygen-insensitive degradable resist for UV-nanoimprint is designed, com-prising a polycyclic degradable acrylate monomer, 2,10-diacryloyloxymethyl-1,4,9,12-tetraoxa-spiro [4.2.4.2] tetradecane (DAMTT), and a multifunctional thiol monomer pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP). The resist can be quickly UV-cured in the air atmosphere and achieve a high monomer conversion of over 98%, which greatly reduce the adhesion force between the resist and the soft mold. High conversion, in company with an adequate Young's modulus (about 1 GPa) and an extremely low shrinkage (1.34%), promises high nanoimprint resolution of sub-50 nm. The cross-linked resist is able to break into linear molecules in a hot acid solvent. As a result, metallic patterns are fabricated on highly curved surfaces via the lift off process without the assistance of a thermoplastic polymer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
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Dušek K, Choukourov A, Dušková-Smrčková M, Biederman H. Constrained Swelling of Polymer Networks: Characterization of Vapor-Deposited Cross-Linked Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5006217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Dušek
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Andrei Choukourov
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of
Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách
2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of
Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách
2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Biederman
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of
Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách
2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Coclite AM, Howden RM, Borrelli DC, Petruczok CD, Yang R, Yagüe JL, Ugur A, Chen N, Lee S, Jo WJ, Liu A, Wang X, Gleason KK. 25th anniversary article: CVD polymers: a new paradigm for surface modification and device fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5392-423. [PMID: 24115244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-adhered, conformal, thin (<100 nm) coatings can easily be obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for a variety of technological applications. Room temperature modification with functional polymers can be achieved on virtually any substrate: organic, inorganic, rigid, flexible, planar, three-dimensional, dense, or porous. In CVD polymerization, the monomer(s) are delivered to the surface through the vapor phase and then undergo simultaneous polymerization and thin film formation. By eliminating the need to dissolve macromolecules, CVD enables insoluble polymers to be coated and prevents solvent damage to the substrate. CVD film growth proceeds from the substrate up, allowing for interfacial engineering, real-time monitoring, and thickness control. Initiated-CVD shows successful results in terms of rationally designed micro- and nanoengineered materials to control molecular interactions at material surfaces. The success of oxidative-CVD is mainly demonstrated for the deposition of organic conducting and semiconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010 , Austria
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