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Ngai JHL, Li Z, Wang J, He J, Ding J, Li Y. Strategic Design of Hemi-Isoindigo Polymer for a Highly Sensitive and Selective All-Printed Flexible Nitrogen Dioxide Chemiresistive Sensor. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301521. [PMID: 38319029 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The study has developed two hemi-isoindigo (HID)-based polymers for printed flexible resistor-type nitrogen oxide (NO2) sensors: poly[2-ethylhexyl 3-((3'",4'-bis(dodecyloxy)-3,4-dimethoxy-[2,2':5',2'"-terthiophen]-5-yl)methylene)-2-oxoindoline-1-carboxylate] (P1) and poly[2-ethylhexyl 2-oxo-3-((3,3'",4,4'-tetrakis(dodecyloxy)-[2,2':5',2'"-terthiophen]-5-yl)methylene)indoline-1-carboxylate] (P2). These polymers feature thermally removable carbamate side chains on the HID units, providing solubility and creating molecular cavities after thermal annealing. These cavities enhance NO2 diffusion, and the liberated unsubstituted amide ─C(═O)NH─ groups readily form robust double hydrogen bonds (DHB), as demonstrated by computer simulations. Furthermore, both polymers possess elevated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of -4.74 and -4.77 eV, making them highly susceptible to p-doping by NO2. Gas sensors fabricated from P1 and P2 films, anneal under optimized conditions to partially remove carbamate side chains, exhibit remarkable sensitivities of +1400% ppm-1 and +3844% ppm-1, and low detection limit (LOD) values of 514 ppb and 38.9 ppb toward NO2, respectively. These sensors also demonstrate excellent selectivity for NO2 over other gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenner H L Ngai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Security and Disruptive Technologies, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Zhao Li
- Security and Disruptive Technologies, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianfu Ding
- Security and Disruptive Technologies, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Kumar A, Nwosu ID, Meunier-Prest R, Lesniewska E, Bouvet M. Tuning of Interfacial Charge Transport in Organic Heterostructures via Aryl Electrografting for Efficient Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3795-3808. [PMID: 38224467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of interfacial conductivity in organic heterostructures is a highly promising strategy to improve the performance of electronic devices. In this endeavor, the present work reports the fabrication of a bilayer heterojunction device, combining octafluoro copper phthalocyanine (CuF8Pc) and lutetium bis-phthalocyanine (LuPc2) and tunes the charge transport at the Cu(F8Pc)-(LuPc2) interface by aryl electrografting on the device electrode to improve the device NH3-sensing properties. Dimethoxybenzene (DMB) and tetrafluoro benzene (TFB) electrografted by an aryldiazonium electroreduction method form a few-nanometer-thick organic film on ITO. The conductivity of the heterojunction devices formed by coating a Cu(F8Pc)/LuPc2 bilayer over the aryl-grafted electrode strongly varies according to the electronic effects of the substituents in the aryl. Accordingly, DMB increases while TFB decreases the mobile charges accumulation at the Cu(F8Pc)-(LuPc2) interface. This is explained by the perfect alignment of the frontier molecular orbitals of DMB and Cu(F8Pc), facilitating charge injection into the Cu(F8Pc) layer. On the contrary, TFB behaves like a strong acceptor and reduces the mobile charges accumulation at the Cu(F8Pc)-(LuPc2) interface. Such interfacial conductivity variation influences the device NH3-sensing properties, which increase because of DMB grafting and decrease in the presence of TFB. DMB-based heterojunction devices contain four times higher active sites for NH3 adsorption and could detect NH3 down to 1 ppm with limited interference from humidity, making them suitable for real environment NH3 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon Cedex 21078, France
| | - Ikechukwu David Nwosu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon Cedex 21078, France
| | - Rita Meunier-Prest
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon Cedex 21078, France
| | - Eric Lesniewska
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon Cedex 21078, France
| | - Marcel Bouvet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon Cedex 21078, France
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Wang H, Cui Z, Xiong R, Wang X, Song W, Guo X, Wu X, Sa B, Zeng D. Synergism of Edge Effect and Interlayer Engineering of VS 2 on CNFs for Rapid and Precise NO 2 Detection. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3923-3932. [PMID: 37823841 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Although two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit attractive prospects for gas-sensing applications, the rapid and precise sensing of TMDs at low loss remains challenging. Herein, a NO2 sensor based on an expanded VS2 (VS2-E)/carbon nanofibers (CNFs) composite (abbreviated as VS2-E-C) with ultrafast response/recovery at a low-loss state is reported. In particular, the impact of the CNF content on the NO2-sensing performance of VS2-E-C was thoroughly explored. Expanded VS2 nanosheets were grafted onto the surface of hollow CNFs, and the combination boosted the charge transport, exposing abundant active edges of VS2, which enhanced the adsorption of NO2 efficiently. The activity of the VS2 edge is further confirmed by stronger NO2 adsorption with a more negative adsorption energy (-3.42 eV) and greater than the basal VS2 surface (-1.26 eV). Moreover, the exposure of rich edges induced the emergence of the expanded interlayers, which promoted the adsorption/desorption of NO2 and the interaction of gas molecules within VS2-E-C. The synergism of edge effect and interlayer engineering confers the VS2-E-C3 sensor with ultrafast response/recovery speed (9/10 s) at 60 °C, high sensitivity (∼2.50 to 15 ppm NO2), good selectivity/stability, and a low detection limit of 23 ppb. The excellent "4S" functions indicate the promising prospect of the VS2-E-C3 sensor for fast and precise NO2 detection at low-loss condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Cui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wulin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemistry Technology, Xiangyang 441003, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Baisheng Sa
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Dawen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Klyamer D, Sukhikh A, Bonegardt D, Krasnov P, Popovetskiy P, Basova T. Thin Films of Chlorinated Vanadyl Phthalocyanines as Active Layers of Chemiresistive Sensors for the Detection of Ammonia. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1773. [PMID: 37763935 PMCID: PMC10534441 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated metal phthalocyanines are promising materials for the manufacture of active layers of chemiresistive sensors for the detection of various gases. Despite the high interest in such sensors, there are few systematic studies of the position of halogen substituents in phthalocyanine macroring on the chemiresistive response of their films to gases. In this work, we prepared and studied films of novel tetrachlorosubstituted vanadyl phthalocyanine derivatives with Cl substituents in the peripheral (VOPcCl4-p) and nonperipheral (VOPcCl4-np) positions of the phthalocyanine ring as active layers of chemiresistive sensors to reveal the effect of the position of substituents on their structure and sensor response to low concentrations of NH3. It was shown that the films of VOPcCl4-p exhibited a noticeably higher sensor response to NH3 than the VOPcCl4-np ones. The limit of detection of NH3 was 0.7 ppm. The sensing layers demonstrated a reversible sensor response at room temperature with fairly low response/recovery times. It was also demonstrated that NH3 can be detected in the presence of various interfering gases (CO2 and H2) and some volatile organic vapors, as well as in a mixture of gases with a composition close to exhaled air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Klyamer
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.K.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Alexandr Sukhikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.K.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Dmitry Bonegardt
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.K.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Pavel Krasnov
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 26 Kirensky St., 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Pavel Popovetskiy
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.K.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Tamara Basova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.K.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
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5
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Tran VV, Jeong G, Wi E, Lee D, Chang M. Design and Fabrication of Ultrathin Nanoporous Donor-Acceptor Copolymer-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Enhanced VOC Sensing Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21270-21283. [PMID: 37092808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) chemical sensors with high sensing performance and good air stability has remained a persistent challenge, thereby hindering their practical application. Herein, an OFET sensor based on a donor-acceptor copolymer is shown to provide high responsivity, sensitivity, and selectivity toward polar volatile organic compounds, as well as good air stability. In detail, a polymer blend of N-alkyl-diketopyrrolo-pyrrole-dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DPP-DTT) and polystyrene is coated onto an FET substrate via shearing-assisted phase separation (SAPS) combined with selective solvent etching to fabricate the DPP-DTT-based OFET device having an ultrathin nanoporous structure suitable for gas sensing applications. This is achieved via optimization of the film morphology by varying the shear rate to adjust the dynamic balance between the shear and capillary forces to obtain an ultrathin thickness (∼8 nm) and nanopore size (80 nm) that are favorable for the efficient diffusion and interaction of analytes with the active layer. In particular, the sensor presents high responsivities toward methanol (∼70%), acetone (∼51.3%), ethanol (∼39%), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (∼29.8%), along with fast response and recovery times of ∼80 and 234 s, respectively. Moreover, the average sensitivity was determined to be 5.75%/ppm from the linear plot of the responsivity against the methanol concentration in the range of 1-100 ppm. Importantly, the device also exhibits excellent long-term (30-day) air and thermal storage stability, thereby demonstrating its high potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Van Tran
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Ganghoon Jeong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Eunsol Wi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Daeho Lee
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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6
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Wang Z, Hu J, Lu J, Zhu X, Zhou X, Huang L, Chi L. Charge Transport Manipulation via Interface Doping: Achieving Ultrasensitive Organic Semiconductor Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8355-8366. [PMID: 36735056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor (OSC) gas sensors are receiving tremendous attention with the rise of wearable devices. Due to the complicated charge transport characteristics of OSCs, it is usually difficult to optimize their gas sensitivity by directly tailoring the original signals, as in many other kinds of sensors. Instead, device engineering strategies are frequently centered on enhancing the gas-film interaction. Herein, by introducing interface doping between self-assembled monolayers and triisopropylsilylethynyl-substituted pentacene films, we report a wide tuning of OSC gas sensitivity via charge transport manipulation and achieve an ultrahigh sensitivity of nearly 2000%/ppm to NO2, simultaneously resulting in a fast square-wave-like response feature. In addition, this sensor demonstrates good humidity stability and operates well in flexible devices. More importantly, we identify that charge transport manipulation tailors the gas sensibility of OSCs by means of electronic structure instead of original signal values: compared to shallow traps, the presence of proper deep traps is conducive to gaining high sensitivity and ultrafast response/recovery speeds. This approach is also effective for tuning the sensitivity to reductive gases, verifying its generality for promoting the performance of OSC gas sensors, as well as a promising strategy for other types of sensors or detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Gusu Laboratory of Materials, 388 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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Lei G, Pan H, Mei H, Liu X, Lu G, Lou C, Li Z, Zhang J. Emerging single atom catalysts in gas sensors. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7260-7280. [PMID: 35899763 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00257d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single atom catalysts (SACs) offer unprecedented opportunities for high-efficiency reactions taking place in many important fields of catalytic processes, electrochemistry, and photoreactions. Due to their maximized atomic utilization and unique electronic and chemical properties, SACs can provide high activity and excellent selectivity for gas adsorption and electron transport, leveraging SACs that enhance the detection sensitivity and selectivity to target gases. In the past few years, SACs including both noble (Pt, Pd, Au, etc.) and non-noble (Mn, Ni, Zn etc.) metals have been demonstrated to be very useful in optimizing sensing performances. However, a comprehensive review on this topic is still missing. Herein, we summarize the synthesis technologies of SACs that are applicable to gas sensors. The electronic and chemical interactions between SACs and host sensing materials, which are crucial to sensor functions, are discussed. Then, we highlight the application progress of various SACs in gas sensors. Prospects in the creation of new sensing materials with emerging SACs and versatile supports are also present. Finally, the challenges and prospects of SACs in the future development of sensors are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Lei
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hongyin Pan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Houshan Mei
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xianghong Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Guocai Lu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Chengming Lou
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zishuo Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Li W, Shahbazi M, Xing K, Tesfamichael T, Motta N, Qi DC. Highly Sensitive NO2 Gas Sensors Based on MoS2@MoO3 Magnetic Heterostructure. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081303. [PMID: 35458010 PMCID: PMC9027905 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have attracted considerable attention in gas sensing applications. In this work, we synthesized 2D MoS2@MoO3 heterostructures through post-sulfurization of α-MoO3 nanoribbons grown via vapor phase transport (VPT) and demonstrated highly sensitive NO2 gas sensors based on the hybrid heterostructures. The morphological, structural, and compositional properties of the MoS2@MoO3 hybrids were studied by a combination of advanced characterization techniques revealing a core-shell structure with the coexistence of 2H-MoS2 multilayers and intermediate molybdenum oxysulfides on the surface of α-MoO3. The MoS2@MoO3 hybrids also exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism, revealed by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), as a result of the sulfurization process. The MoS2@MoO3 gas sensors display a p-type-like response towards NO2 with a detection limit of 0.15 ppm at a working temperature of 125 °C, as well as superb selectivity and reversibility. This p-type-like sensing behavior is attributed to the heterointerface of MoS2-MoO3 where interfacial charge transfer leads to a p-type inversion layer in MoS2, and is enhanced by magnetic dipole interactions between the paramagnetic NO2 and the ferromagnetic sensing layer. Our study demonstrates the promising application of 2D molybdenum hybrid compounds in gas sensing applications with a unique combination of electronic and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (W.L.); (M.S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mahboobeh Shahbazi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (W.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Kaijian Xing
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Tuquabo Tesfamichael
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (N.M.); (D.-C.Q.)
| | - Nunzio Motta
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (W.L.); (M.S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (N.M.); (D.-C.Q.)
| | - Dong-Chen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (W.L.); (M.S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (N.M.); (D.-C.Q.)
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Tran VV, Jeong G, Kim KS, Kim J, Jung HR, Park B, Park JJ, Chang M. Facile Strategy for Modulating the Nanoporous Structure of Ultrathin π-Conjugated Polymer Films for High-Performance Gas Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:175-185. [PMID: 34967614 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional conjugated polymer (CP) films based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) tend to limit the performance of gas sensors owing to restricted analyte diffusion and limited interactions with the charge carriers that accumulate in the first few monolayers of the CP film in contact with the dielectric layer. Herein, a facile strategy is presented for modulating the morphology and charge-transport properties of nanoporous CP films using shearing-assisted phase separation of polymer blends for fabricating OFET-based chemical sensors. This approach enables the formation of nanoporous films with pore size and thickness in the ranges of 90-550 and 7-27 nm, respectively, which can be controlled simply by varying the shear rate. The resulting OFET sensors exhibit excellent sensing performance when exposed to NH3 gas, demonstrating a high responsivity (≈70.7%) at 10 ppm and good selectivity toward NH3 over various organic solvent vapors. After a comprehensive analysis of the morphology and electrical properties of the CP films, it is concluded that morphological features, such as film thickness and surface area, affect the sensing performance of nanoporous-film-based OFET sensors more significantly compared to the charge-transport characteristics of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Van Tran
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Gwanghoon Jeong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Keun Seong Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Institute of Research and Development, CNB Inc., Gwangju 61008, South Korea
| | - Hong-Ryun Jung
- Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Byoungnam Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 121-791, South Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
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11
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Ding Y, Guo X, Kuang D, Hu X, Zhou Y, He Y, Zang Z. Hollow Cu 2O nanospheres loaded with MoS 2/reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for ppb-level NO 2 detection at room temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126218. [PMID: 34492975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low energy consumption, high sensing response and high selectivity are the important indexes of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors applied in many application fields. However, the high working temperature and poor selectivity of MOS sensors severely restrict their scope of application in the Internet of Things (IoT). Herein, ternary MoS2-rGO-Cu2O (MG-Cu) composites with boosting ppb-level NO2 sensing characteristics are synthesized by combining hydrothermal method and soft-template method. The optimal proportion of MoS2, rGO and Cu2O is systematically explored. The SEM and TEM analyses confirm the hollow Cu2O is anchored on the surface of MG. The gas sensing tests illustrate that optimum composite sensor exhibits highest response to 500 ppb NO2 at room temperature, which is 11 and 5 times higher compared to pure MoS2 and binary MG15, respectively. Besides, it displays excellent selectivity and superior stability. The synergy of shell-structure with abundant mesoporous, heterojunction construction and enhanced conductivity lead to the enhanced sensing performance of ternary sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xuezheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Delin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zhigang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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12
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Kang Y, Kwak DH, Kwon JE, Kim BG, Lee WH. NO 2-Affinitive Conjugated Polymer for Selective Sub-Parts-Per-Billion NO 2 Detection in a Field-Effect Transistor Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31910-31918. [PMID: 34197091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) have provided versatile semiconducting implements for the development of soft electronic devices. When three CPs with the same conjugated framework but different side chains were adopted in the field-effect transistor (FET) sensor for NO2 detection, the response to NO2 showed an opposite tendency to the charge carrier mobility of each CP. Morphological and structural characterizations revealed that the flexible glycol side chain enhances NO2 affinity as well as prevents the formation of lamellar stacking of the CP chains, thereby providing routes for the facile diffusion of NO2. Additionally, theoretical calculations for CP-NO2 complex formation at the molecular level support the relatively low energy barrier for inter-chain transition of NO2 between the glycol-based conjugated frameworks, which implies the spontaneous internal diffusion of NO2 to the semiconductor-dielectric interface in the FET-based sensor. As a result, the CP with a NO2-affinitive morphology exhibited an exceptional sensitivity of 13.8%/ppb upon NO2 (100 ppb) exposure for 50 s and provided excellent selectivity to the FET-based sensor toward other environmentally abundant harmful gases, such as SO2, CO2, and NH3. In particular, the theoretic limit of detection reached down to 0.24 ppb, which is the lowest value ever reported for organic FET-based NO2 gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongkwon Kang
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hun Kwak
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kwon
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gi Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhu L, Wang Z, Lu J, Zhou X, Zeng Z, Huang L, Chi L. Influence of SAM Quality on the Organic Semiconductor Thin Film Gas Sensors. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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15
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Qian C, Sun J, Gao Y. Transport of charge carriers and optoelectronic applications of highly ordered metal phthalocyanine heterojunction thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9631-9642. [PMID: 33870992 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00889g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor thin films based on polycrystalline small molecules exhibit many attractive properties that have already led to their applications in optoelectronic devices, which can be produced by less expensive and stringent processes. Conduction of electric charges typically occurs in polycrystalline organic thin films. Unavoidably, the crystalline domain size, orientation, domain boundaries and energy level of the interface affect the transport of the charge carriers in organic thin films. In this comprehensive perspective, we focus on highly ordered organic heterojunction thin films fabricated by the weak epitaxy growth method. Transport of charge carriers in these highly ordered organic heterojunction thin films was systematically studied with various characterization techniques. Recent advances are presented in high-performance optoelectronic applications based on highly ordered organic heterojunction thin films, including organic photodetectors, photovoltaic cells, photomemory devices and artificial optoelectronic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qian
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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16
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Trajcheva A, Politakos N, Pérez BT, Joseph Y, Blazevska Gilev J, Tomovska R. QCM nanocomposite gas sensors – Expanding the application of waterborne polymer composites based on graphene nanoribbon. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Islam MA, Li H, Moon S, Han SS, Chung HS, Ma J, Yoo C, Ko TJ, Oh KH, Jung Y, Jung Y. Vertically Aligned 2D MoS 2 Layers with Strain-Engineered Serpentine Patterns for High-Performance Stretchable Gas Sensors: Experimental and Theoretical Demonstration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53174-53183. [PMID: 33180481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with vertically aligned (VA) layers exhibits significantly enriched surface-exposed edge sites with an abundance of dangling bonds owing to its intrinsic crystallographic anisotropy. Such structural variation renders the material with exceptionally high chemical reactivity and chemisorption ability, making it particularly attractive for high-performance electrochemical sensing. This superior property can be further promoted as far as it is integrated on mechanically stretchable substrates well retaining its surface-exposed defective edges, projecting opportunities for a wide range of applications utilizing its structural uniqueness and mechanical flexibility. In this work, we explored VA-2D MoS2 layers configured in laterally stretchable forms for multifunctional nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensors. Large-area (>cm2) VA-2D MoS2 layers grown by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were directly integrated onto a variety of flexible substrates with serpentine patterns judiciously designed to accommodate a large degree of tensile strain. These uniquely structured VA-2D MoS2 layers were demonstrated to be highly sensitive to NO2 gas of controlled concentration preserving their intrinsic structural and chemical integrity, e.g., significant current response ratios of ∼160-380% upon the introduction of NO2 at a level of 5-30 ppm. Remarkably, they exhibited such a high sensitivity even under lateral stretching up to 40% strain, significantly outperforming previously reported 2D MoS2 layer-based NO2 gas sensors of any structural forms. Underlying principles for the experimentally observed superiority were theoretically unveiled by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and finite element method (FEM) analysis. The intrinsic high sensitivity and large stretchability of VA-2D MoS2 layers confirmed in this study are believed to be applicable in sensing diverse gas species, greatly broadening their versatility in stretchable and wearable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Seokjin Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Sub Han
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Chung
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Changhyeon Yoo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Tae-Jun Ko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Kyu Hwan Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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18
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Liang J, Song Z, Wang S, Zhao X, Tong Y, Ren H, Guo S, Tang Q, Liu Y. Cobweb-like, Ultrathin Porous Polymer Films for Ultrasensitive NO 2 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52992-53002. [PMID: 33170620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors based on polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) have drawn much attention owing to the inherent merits of specific selectivity, low cost, and room temperature operation. Ultrathin (<10 nm) and porous polymer semiconductor films offer a golden opportunity for achieving high-performance gas sensors. However, wafer-scale fabrication of such high-quality polymer films is of great challenge and has rarely been realized before. Herein, the first demonstration of 4 in. wafer-scale, cobweb-like, and ultrathin porous polymer films is reported via a one-step phase-inversion process. This approach is extremely simple and universal for constructing various ultrathin porous polymer semiconductor films. Thanks to the abundant pores, ultrathin size, and high charge-transfer efficiency of the prepared polymer films, our gas sensors exhibit many superior advantages, including ultrahigh response (2.46 × 106%), low limit of detection (LOD) (<1 ppm), and excellent selectivity. Thus, the proposed fabrication strategy is exceptionally promising for mass manufacturing of low-cost high-performance polymer FET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shanlei Guo
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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19
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Huang J. OFET chemical sensors: Chemical sensors based on ultrathin organic field‐effect transistors. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Junyao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
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20
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Kumar A, Meunier-Prest R, Bouvet M. Organic Heterojunction Devices Based on Phthalocyanines: A New Approach to Gas Chemosensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4700. [PMID: 32825335 PMCID: PMC7506627 DOI: 10.3390/s20174700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic heterostructures have emerged as highly promising transducers to realize high performance gas sensors. The key reason for such a huge interest in these devices is the associated organic heterojunction effect in which opposite free charges are accumulated at the interface making it highly conducting, which can be exploited in producing highly sensitive and faster response kinetics gas sensors. Metal phthalocyanines (MPc) have been extensively studied to fabricate organic heterostructures because of the large possibilities of structural engineering which are correlated with their bulk thin film properties. Accordingly, in this review, we have performed a comprehensive literature survey of the recent researches reported about MPc based organic heterostructures and their application in gas sensors. These heterostructures were used in Organic Field-Effect Transistor and Molecular Semiconductor-Doped Insulator sensing device configurations, in which change in their electrical properties such as field-effect mobility and saturation current in the former and current at a fixed bias in the latter under redox gases exposure were assessed to determine the chemosensing performances. These sensing devices have shown very high sensitivity to redox gases like nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone and ammonia (NH3), which monitoring is indispensable for implementing environmental guidelines. Some of these sensors exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity to NH3 demonstrated by a detection limit of 140 ppb and excellent signal stability under variable humidity, making them among the best NH3 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon CEDEX, France;
| | | | - Marcel Bouvet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon CEDEX, France;
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21
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Jian Y, Hu W, Zhao Z, Cheng P, Haick H, Yao M, Wu W. Gas Sensors Based on Chemi-Resistive Hybrid Functional Nanomaterials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:71. [PMID: 34138318 PMCID: PMC7770957 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemi-resistive sensors based on hybrid functional materials are promising candidates for gas sensing with high responsivity, good selectivity, fast response/recovery, great stability/repeatability, room-working temperature, low cost, and easy-to-fabricate, for versatile applications. This progress report reviews the advantages and advances of these sensing structures compared with the single constituent, according to five main sensing forms: manipulating/constructing heterojunctions, catalytic reaction, charge transfer, charge carrier transport, molecular binding/sieving, and their combinations. Promises and challenges of the advances of each form are presented and discussed. Critical thinking and ideas regarding the orientation of the development of hybrid material-based gas sensor in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jian
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhuan Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hossam Haick
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Mingshui Yao
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Polymer/Graphene oxide nanocomposite thin film for NO 2 sensor: An in situ investigation of electronic, morphological, structural, and spectroscopic properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2981. [PMID: 32076004 PMCID: PMC7031537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The higher operating temperature of metal oxide and air instability of organic based NO2 sensor causes extremely urgent for development of a reliable low cost sensor to detect NO2 at room temperature. Therefore, we present a fabrication of large area Polymer/GO nano hybrid thin film for polymer thin film transistors (PTFTs) based NO2 sensors assisted via facile method named 'spreading-solidifying (SS) method', grown over air/liquid interface and successive investigation of effect of NO2 on film via several characterizations. The PTFTs sensor has demonstrated swift and high response towards low concentration of NO2 gas with air stability and provided real time non-invasive type NO2 sensor. Herein, we are reporting the nanohybrid PBTTT/GO composite based PTFT sensor with good repeatability and sensor response for low concentration NO2. The thin film grown via SS technique has reported very good adsorption/desorption of target analyte having response/recovery time of 75 s/523 s for 10 ppm concentration of NO2 gas. It has been observed that % change in drain current (sensor response) saturated with increasing concentration of NO2. The transient analysis demonstrates the fast sensor response and recovery time. Furthermore, in order to understand the insight of high performance of sensor, effect of NO2 on nanohybrid film and sensing mechanism, an in situ investigations was conducted via multiple technique viz. spectral, electronic, structural, and morphological characterization. Finally, the performance of sensor and the site of adsorption of NO2 at polymer chains were argued using schematic diagram. This work shows the simple fabrication process for mass production, low cost and room temperature operated gas sensors for monitoring the real-time environment conditions and gives an insight about the sensing mechanism adsorption site of NO2.
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23
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Yuvaraja S, Nawaz A, Liu Q, Dubal D, Surya SG, Salama KN, Sonar P. Organic field-effect transistor-based flexible sensors. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3423-3460. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00811j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flexible transistors are the next generation sensing technology, due to multiparametric analysis, reduced complexity, biocompatibility, lightweight with tunable optoelectronic properties. We summarize multitude of applications realized with OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Yuvaraja
- Sensors Lab
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Paraná
- Caixa Postal 19044
- Curitiba
- Brazil
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Deepak Dubal
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Sandeep G. Surya
- Sensors Lab
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N. Salama
- Sensors Lab
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
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24
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Chai Z, Abbasi SA, Busnaina AA. Solution-processed organic field-effect transistors using directed assembled carbon nanotubes and 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:485203. [PMID: 31469108 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3eed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving low-cost fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) has long been pursued in the semiconductor industry. Solution-based process allows the fabrication of OFETs cost-effective because of its merit of vacuum-free and room temperature operation. Here, we show a facile and scalable fabrication of solution-processed OFETs using carbon nanotube (CNT) as source/drain electrodes and 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) as semiconducting layer on silicon as well as on flexible and transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The CNT electrodes and the C8-BTBT film are fabricated using a dip coating-based directed assembly process, and two dip coating parameters, the pulling speed and the solution concentration, are carefully chosen so that the thickness of the C8-BTBT film is close to that of the CNT electrodes. The fabricated OFET devices show typical p-channel behavior. Low-cost, ease of processing, wafer level scalability and good compatibility with various substrates make the fabrication process presented in this paper well suited for next-generation electronics and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chai
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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25
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Lee SH, Oh BM, Hong CY, Jung SK, Park SH, Jeon GG, Kwon YW, Jang S, Lee Y, Kim D, Kim JH, Kwon OP. Gas-Induced Ion-Free Stable Radical Anion Formation of Organic Semiconducting Solids as Highly Gas-Selective Probes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35904-35913. [PMID: 31545029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of stabilized radical anions on organic materials in the solid state is an important issue in radical-based fundamental research and various applications. Herein, for the first time, we report on gas-induced ion-free stable radical anion formation (SRAF) of organic semiconducting solids with high gas selectivities through the use of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) gas sensors and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. In contrast to the previously reported SRAF, which requires either anionic analytes in solution and/or cationic substituents on π-electron-deficient aromatic cores, NDI-EWGs consist of an n-type semiconducting naphthalene diimide (NDI) and various electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) that exhibit non-ion-involved, gas-selective SRAF in the solid state. In the presence of hard Lewis base gases, NDI-EWG-based OFETs exhibit enhanced conductivity (Current-ON mode) through the formation of an SRAF NDI/gas complex, while in the presence of borderline and soft Lewis base gases, NDI-EWG-based OFETs show decreased conductivity (Current-OFF mode) by the formation of a resistive NDI/gas complex. Organic semiconducting solids with EWGs exhibiting highly gas-selective solid-SRAF constitute a very promising platform for radical-based chemistry and can be used in various applications, such as highly gas-selective probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Heon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Byeong M Oh
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Chan Yoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Kyonggi University , San 94-6, Iui-dong , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi 443-760 , Korea
| | - Su-Kyo Jung
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Sung-Ha Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Gyeong G Jeon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Seokhoon Jang
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering , DGIST , 333, Techno Jungang Daero , Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering , DGIST , 333, Techno Jungang Daero , Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Kyonggi University , San 94-6, Iui-dong , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi 443-760 , Korea
| | - Jong H Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - O-Pil Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
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26
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Song R, Wang Z, Zhou X, Huang L, Chi L. Gas‐Sensing Performance and Operation Mechanism of Organic π‐Conjugated Materials. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1222-1234. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
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27
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Zhang S, Zhao Y, Du X, Chu Y, Zhang S, Huang J. Gas Sensors Based on Nano/Microstructured Organic Field-Effect Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805196. [PMID: 30730106 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the advantages of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), including synthetic versatility of organic molecular design and environmental sensitivity, gas sensors based on OFETs have drawn much attention in recent years. Potential applications focus on the detection of specific gas species such as explosive, toxic gases, or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play vital roles in environmental monitoring, industrial manufacturing, smart health care, food security, and national defense. To achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, and ambient stability with rapid response and recovery speed, the regulation and adjustment of the nano/microstructure of the organic semiconductor (OSC) layer has proven to be an effective strategy. Here, the progress of OFET gas sensors with nano/microstructure is selectively presented. Devices based on OSC films one dimensional (1D) single crystal nanowires, nanorods, and nanofibers are introduced. Then, devices based on two dimensional (2D) and ultrathin OSC films, fabricated by methods such as thermal evaporation, dip-coating, spin-coating, and solution-shearing methods are presented, followed by an introduction of porous OFET sensors. Additionally, the applications of nanostructured receptors in OFET sensors are given. Finally, an outlook in view of the current research state is presented and eight further challenges for gas sensors based on OFETs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Du
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yingli Chu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, P. R. China
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28
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Guo J, Wen R, Zhai J, Wang ZL. Enhanced NO 2 gas sensing of a single-layer MoS 2 by photogating and piezo-phototronic effects. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:128-135. [PMID: 36659636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
NO2 sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity are demanded for future electronic sensing systems. However, traditional sensors are considerably limited by the relative low sensitivity, high cost and complicated process. Here, we report a simply and reliable flexible NO2 sensor based on single-layer MoS2. The flexible sensor exhibits high sensitivity to NO2 gas due to ultra-large specific surface area and the nature of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor. When the NO2 is 400 ppb (parts per billion), compared with the dark and strain-free conditions, the sensitivity of the single-layer sensor is enhanced to 671% with a 625 nm red light-emitting diode (LED) illumination of 4 mW/cm2 power under 0.67% tensile strain. More important, the response time is dramatically reduced to ∼16 s and it only needs ∼65 s to complete 90% recovery. A theoretical model is proposed to discuss the microscopic mechanisms. We find that the remarkable sensing characteristics are the result of coupling among piezoelectricity, photoelectricity and adsorption-desorption induced charges transfer in the single-layer MoS2 Schottky junction based device. Our work opens up the way to further enhancements in the sensitivity of gas sensor based on single-layer MoS2 by introducing photogating and piezo-phototronic effects in mesoscopic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Guo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongmei Wen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyi Zhai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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29
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Zhou J, Cheng XF, Gao BJ, Yu C, He JH, Xu QF, Li H, Li NJ, Chen DY, Lu JM. Detection of NO 2 Down to One ppb Using Ion-in-Conjugation-Inspired Polymer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1803896. [PMID: 30537175 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) emission has severe impact on human health and the ecological environment and effective monitoring of NO2 requires the detection limit (limit of detection) of several parts-per-billion (ppb). All organic semiconductor-based NO2 sensors fail to reach such a level. In this work, using an ion-in-conjugation inspired-polymer (poly(3,3'-diaminobenzidine-squarine, noted as PDBS) as the sensory material, NO2 can be detected as low as 1 ppb, which is the lowest among all reported organic NO2 sensors. In addition, the sensor has high sensitivity, good reversibility, and long-time stability with a period longer than 120 d. Theoretical calculations reveal that PDBS offers unreacted amine and zwitterionic groups, which can offer both the H-bonding and ion-dipole interaction to NO2 . The moderate binding energies (≈0.6 eV) offer high sensitivity, selectivity as well as good reversibility. The results demonstrate that the ion-in-conjugation can be employed to greatly improve sensitivity and selectivity in organic gas sensors by inducing both H-bonding and ion-dipole attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Jun Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Na-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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30
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Li H, Shi W, Song J, Jang HJ, Dailey J, Yu J, Katz HE. Chemical and Biomolecule Sensing with Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chem Rev 2018; 119:3-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hyun-June Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jennifer Dailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Howard E. Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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31
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Chai Z, Abbasi SA, Busnaina AA. Scalable Directed Assembly of Highly Crystalline 2,7-Dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18123-18130. [PMID: 29738663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of organic semiconductors with ordered crystal structure has been actively pursued for electronics applications such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Among various film deposition methods, solution-based film growth from small molecule semiconductors is preferable because of its low material and energy consumption, low cost, and scalability. Here, we show scalable and controllable directed assembly of highly crystalline 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) films via a dip-coating process. Self-aligned stripe patterns with tunable thickness and morphology over a centimeter scale are obtained by adjusting two governing parameters: the pulling speed of a substrate and the solution concentration. OFETs are fabricated using the C8-BTBT films assembled at various conditions. A field-effect hole mobility up to 3.99 cm2 V-1 s-1 is obtained. Owing to the highly scalable crystalline film formation, the dip-coating directed assembly process could be a great candidate for manufacturing next-generation electronics. Meanwhile, the film formation mechanism discussed in this paper could provide a general guideline to prepare other organic semiconducting films from small molecule solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chai
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN) , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Salman A Abbasi
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN) , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ahmed A Busnaina
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN) , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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32
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Li H, Xue G, Wu J, Zhang W, Huang Z, Xie Z, Xin HL, Wu G, Chen H, Li H. Long-range ordering of composites for organic electronics: TIPS-pentacene single crystals with incorporated nano-fibers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Wang Z, Huang L, Zhu X, Zhou X, Chi L. An Ultrasensitive Organic Semiconductor NO 2 Sensor Based on Crystalline TIPS-Pentacene Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703192. [PMID: 28782854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor gas sensor is one of the promising candidates of room temperature operated gas sensors with high selectivity. However, for a long time the performance of organic semiconductor sensors, especially for the detection of oxidizing gases, is far behind that of the traditional metal oxide gas sensors. Although intensive attempts have been made to address the problem, the performance and the understanding of the sensing mechanism are still far from sufficient. Herein, an ultrasensitive organic semiconductor NO2 sensor based on 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene (TIPS-petacene) is reported. The device achieves a sensitivity over 1000%/ppm and fast response/recovery, together with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 20 ppb, all of which reach the level of metal oxide sensors. After a comprehensive analysis on the morphology and electrical properties of the organic films, it is revealed that the ultrahigh performance is largely related to the film charge transport ability, which was less concerned in the studies previously. And the combination of efficient charge transport and low original charge carrier concentration is demonstrated to be an effective access to obtain high performance organic semiconductor gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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34
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Huang W, Zhuang X, Melkonyan FS, Wang B, Zeng L, Wang G, Han S, Bedzyk MJ, Yu J, Marks TJ, Facchetti A. UV-Ozone Interfacial Modification in Organic Transistors for High-Sensitivity NO 2 Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701706. [PMID: 28614602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new type of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) gas sensor based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film transistors (TFTs) with a simple, low-cost UV-ozone (UVO)-treated polymeric gate dielectric is reported here. The NO2 sensitivity of these TFTs with the dielectric surface UVO treatment is ≈400× greater for [NO2 ] = 30 ppm than for those without UVO treatment. Importantly, the sensitivity is ≈50× greater for [NO2 ] = 1 ppm with the UVO-treated TFTs, and a limit of detection of ≈400 ppb is achieved with this sensing platform. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of the gate dielectric and CuPc films are analyzed by atomic force microscopy, grazing incident X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealing that the enhanced sensing performance originates from UVO-derived hydroxylated species on the dielectric surface and not from chemical reactions between NO2 and the dielectric/semiconductor components. This work demonstrates that dielectric/semiconductor interface engineering is essential for readily manufacturable high-performance TFT-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xinming Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ferdinand S Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shijiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Flexterra Inc., 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
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35
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Nketia-Yawson B, Noh YY. Organic thin film transistor with conjugated polymers for highly sensitive gas sensors. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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36
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Li H, Dailey J, Kale T, Besar K, Koehler K, Katz HE. Sensitive and Selective NO 2 Sensing Based on Alkyl- and Alkylthio-Thiophene Polymer Conductance and Conductance Ratio Changes from Differential Chemical Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20501-20507. [PMID: 28590717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NO2-responsive polymer-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are described, and room-temperature detection with high sensitivity entirely from the semiconductor was achieved. Two thiophene polymers, poly(bisdodecylquaterthiophene) and poly(bisdodecylthioquaterthiophene) (PQT12 and PQTS12, respectively), were used as active layers to detect a concentration at least as low as 1 ppm of NO2. The proportional on-current change of OFETs using these polymers reached over 400% for PQTS12, which is among the highest sensitivities reported for a NO2-responsive device based on an organic semiconducting film. From measurements of cyclic voltammetry and the electronic characteristics, we found that the introduction of sulfurs into the side chains induces traps in films of the PQTS12 and also decreases domain sizes, both of which could contribute to the higher sensitivity of PQTS12 to NO2 gas compared with PQT12. The ratio of responses of PQTS12 and PQT12 is higher for exposures to lower concentrations, making this parameter a means of distinguishing responses to low concentrations for extended times from exposures to high concentrations from shorter times. The responses to nonoxidizing vapors were much lower, indicating good selectivity to NO2 of two polymers. This work demonstrates the capability of increasing selectivity and calibration of OFET sensors by modulating redox and aggregation properties of polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jennifer Dailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tejaswini Kale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kalpana Besar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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37
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Nketia-Yawson B, Jung AR, Noh Y, Ryu GS, Tabi GD, Lee KK, Kim B, Noh YY. Highly Sensitive Flexible NH 3 Sensors Based on Printed Organic Transistors with Fluorinated Conjugated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7322-7330. [PMID: 28164692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the sensing mechanism in organic chemical sensors is essential for improving the sensing performance such as detection limit, sensitivity, and other response/recovery time, selectivity, and reversibility for real applications. Here, we report a highly sensitive printed ammonia (NH3) gas sensor based on organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with fluorinated difluorobenzothiadiazole-dithienosilole polymer (PDFDT). These sensors detected NH3 down to 1 ppm with high sensitivity (up to 56%) using bar-coated ultrathin (<4 nm) PDFDT layers without using any receptor additives. The sensing mechanism was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, hydrogen/fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV/visible absorption spectroscopy. PDFDT-NH3 interactions comprise hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between the PDFDT polymer backbone and NH3 gas molecules, thus lowering the highest occupied molecular orbital levels, leading to hole trapping in the OTFT sensors. Additionally, density functional theory calculations show that gaseous NH3 molecules are captured via cooperation of fluorine atoms and dithienosilole units in PDFDT. We verified that incorporation of functional groups that interact with a specific gas molecule in a conjugated polymer is a promising strategy for producing high-performance printed OTFT gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A-Ra Jung
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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38
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Xia Y, Wang J, Xu JL, Li X, Xie D, Xiang L, Komarneni S. Confined Formation of Ultrathin ZnO Nanorods/Reduced Graphene Oxide Mesoporous Nanocomposites for High-Performance Room-Temperature NO 2 Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:35454-35463. [PMID: 27966870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate high-performance room-temperature NO2 sensors based on ultrathin ZnO nanorods/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) mesoporous nanocomposites. Ultrathin ZnO nanorods were loaded on rGO nanosheets by a facile two-step additive-free solution synthesis involving anchored seeding followed by oriented growth. The ZnO nanorod diameters were simply controlled by the seed diameters associated with the spatial confinement effects of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Compared to the solely ZnO nanorods and rGO-based sensors, the optimal sensor based on ultrathin ZnO nanorods/rGO nanocomposites exhibited higher sensitivity and quicker p-type response to parts per million level of NO2 at room temperature, and the sensitivity to 1 ppm of NO2 was 119% with the response and recovery time being 75 and 132 s. Moreover, the sensor exhibited full reversibility, excellent selectivity, and a low detection limit (50 ppb) to NO2 at room temperature. In addition to the high transport capability of rGO as well as excellent NO2 adsorption ability derived from ultrathin ZnO nanorods and mesoporous structures, the superior sensing performance of the nanocomposites was attributed to the synergetic effect of ZnO and rGO, which was realized by the electron transfer across the ZnO-rGO interfaces through band energy alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Materials Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jian-Long Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xian Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Materials Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Han S, Cheng J, Fan H, Yu J, Li L. Achievement of High-Response Organic Field-Effect Transistor NO₂ Sensor by Using the Synergistic Effect of ZnO/PMMA Hybrid Dielectric and CuPc/Pentacene Heterojunction. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101763. [PMID: 27775653 PMCID: PMC5087547 DOI: 10.3390/s16101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-response organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based NO₂ sensors were fabricated using the synergistic effect the synergistic effect of zinc oxide/poly(methyl methacrylate) (ZnO/PMMA) hybrid dielectric and CuPc/Pentacene heterojunction. Compared with the OFET sensors without synergistic effect, the fabricated OFET sensors showed a remarkable shift of saturation current, field-effect mobility and threshold voltage when exposed to various concentrations of NO₂ analyte. Moreover, after being stored in atmosphere for 30 days, the variation of saturation current increased more than 10 folds at 0.5 ppm NO₂. By analyzing the electrical characteristics, and the morphologies of organic semiconductor films of the OFET-based sensors, the performance enhancement was ascribed to the synergistic effect of the dielectric and organic semiconductor. The ZnO nanoparticles on PMMA dielectric surface decreased the grain size of pentacene formed on hybrid dielectric, facilitating the diffusion of CuPc molecules into the grain boundary of pentacene and the approach towards the conducting channel of OFET. Hence, NO₂ molecules could interact with CuPc and ZnO nanoparticles at the interface of dielectric and organic semiconductor. Our results provided a promising strategy for the design of high performance OFET-based NO₂ sensors in future electronic nose and environment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Huidong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
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40
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Qu F, Liu H, Guarecuco R, Jiao Y, Yang M. Mesoporous InN/In2O3 heterojunction with improved sensitivity and selectivity for room temperature NO2 gas sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:385501. [PMID: 27514080 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/38/385501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Establishing heterostructures is a good strategy to improve gas sensing performance, and has been studied extensively. In this work, mesoporous InN/In2O3 composite (InNOCs) heterostructures were prepared through a simple two-step strategy involving hydrothermal synthesis of In2O3 and subsequent nitriding into InN-composite In2O3 heterostructures. We found that the InN content has great influence on the resistance of InNOCs, and thus, the gas sensing performance. In particular, InNOC-36.9 (with InN content of 36.9% in the composites) shows an excellent sensing response towards different concentrations of NO2, as well as good stability after one week of exposure to 200 ppb NO2 at room temperature. The highest sensing response (ΔR/R0 ) is up to 1.8 for the low NO2 concentration of 5 ppb. Even more significantly, the theoretical limit of detection (LOD) of the InNOC-36.9 sensor is 31.7 ppt based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (the measured LOD is 5 ppb), which is far below the US NAAQS value (NO2: 53 ppb). In addition, a rational band structure model combined with a surface reaction model is proposed to explain the sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdong Qu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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41
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Huang L, Wang Z, Zhu X, Chi L. Electrical gas sensors based on structured organic ultra-thin films and nanocrystals on solid state substrates. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2016; 1:383-393. [PMID: 32260628 DOI: 10.1039/c6nh00040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors, as useful tools to detect specific gas species such as toxic and explosive gases or volatile organic compounds, are the key components for environmental monitoring, fruit maturity and food safety monitoring, health care, and so on. The present commercial products based on porous metal oxide materials still face problems, such as high temperature operation and low level of selectivity. Thin films or nanostructures of organic materials with thickness or grain size down to nanometer scale represent promising candidates for gas sensing due to their potential for achieving high selectivity, portability and low cost. However, there are still challenges related to their stability, reproducibility and response/recovery speed despite the efforts in materials design, morphology control or device configuration, all of which have been expended during the last few decades. In this review, we summarize the progress of recent research on gas sensors based on organic ultra-thin films and nanostructures. We specifically discuss the effect of microstructure in the active layer on the sensing performance and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
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Wu K, Li H, Li L, Zhang S, Chen X, Xu Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Chi L, Gao X, Meng Y. Controlled Growth of Ultrathin Film of Organic Semiconductors by Balancing the Competitive Processes in Dip-Coating for Organic Transistors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6246-6254. [PMID: 27267545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin film with thickness below 15 nm of organic semiconductors provides excellent platform for some fundamental research and practical applications in the field of organic electronics. However, it is quite challenging to develop a general principle for the growth of uniform and continuous ultrathin film over large area. Dip-coating is a useful technique to prepare diverse structures of organic semiconductors, but the assembly of organic semiconductors in dip-coating is quite complicated, and there are no reports about the core rules for the growth of ultrathin film via dip-coating until now. In this work, we develop a general strategy for the growth of ultrathin film of organic semiconductor via dip-coating, which provides a relatively facile model to analyze the growth behavior. The balance between the three direct factors (nucleation rate, assembly rate, and recession rate) is the key to determine the growth of ultrathin film. Under the direction of this rule, ultrathin films of four organic semiconductors are obtained. The field-effect transistors constructed on the ultrathin film show good field-effect property. This work provides a general principle and systematic guideline to prepare ultrathin film of organic semiconductors via dip-coating, which would be highly meaningful for organic electronics as well as for the assembly of other materials via solution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjie Wu
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suna Zhang
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zeyang Xu
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry Science & Engineering Tianjin , Tianjin 300072, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yancheng Meng
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
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43
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Zang Y, Huang D, Di CA, Zhu D. Device Engineered Organic Transistors for Flexible Sensing Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4549-4555. [PMID: 26833747 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OFETs) represent a promising candidate for next-generation sensing applications because of the intrinsic advantages of organic semiconductors. The development of flexible sensing devices has received particular interest in the past few years. The recent efforts of developing OFETs for sensitive and specific flexible sensors are summarized from the standpoint of device engineering. The tuning of signal transduction and signal amplification are highlighted based on an overview of active-layer thickness modulation, functional receptor implantation and device geometry optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dazhen Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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44
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Jalil AR, Chang H, Bandari VK, Robaschik P, Zhang J, Siles PF, Li G, Bürger D, Grimm D, Liu X, Salvan G, Zahn DRT, Zhu F, Wang H, Yan D, Schmidt OG. Fully Integrated Organic Nanocrystal Diode as High Performance Room Temperature NO2 Sensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2971-7. [PMID: 26890153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic diodes consisting of molecular nano-pyramid structures sandwiched between metal and strained nano-membrane electrodes are created. The robust and smooth contacts provided by self-curled metal layers render the molecular nano-pyramids efficent channels for detecting nitrogen dioxide airflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rehman Jalil
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hao Chang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Robaschik
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jian Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China
| | - Pablo F Siles
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guodong Li
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Danilo Bürger
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Grimm
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China
| | - Georgeta Salvan
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Feng Zhu
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haibo Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Donghang Yan
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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45
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Wang J, Li X, Xia Y, Komarneni S, Chen H, Xu J, Xiang L, Xie D. Hierarchical ZnO Nanosheet-Nanorod Architectures for Fabrication of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ZnO Hybrid NO2 Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8600-8607. [PMID: 26975549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile one-step solution method has been developed here to fabricate hierarchical ZnO nanosheet-nanorod architectures for compositing with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) for fabricating a hybrid NO2 sensor. The hierarchical ZnO nanosheet-nanorod architectures were controllably synthesized by aging the solutions containing 0.05 mol·L(-1) Zn(2+) and 0.33 mol·L(-1) OH(-) at 60 °C through a metastable phase-directed mechanism. The concentration of OH(-) played a huge role on the morphology evolution. When the [OH(-)] concentration was decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 mol·L(-1), the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures changed gradually from monodispersed nanorods (NR) to nanorod assemblies (NRA), and then to nanosheet-nanorod architectures (NS-NR) and nanosheet assemblies (NSA), depending on the formation of various metastable, intermediate phases. The formation of NS-NR included the initial formation of ZnO nanosheets/γ-Zn(OH)2 mixed intermediates, followed by the dissolution of Zn(OH)2, which served as soluble zinc source. Soluble Zn(OH)2 facilitated the dislocation-driven secondary growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on the primary defect-rich nanosheet substrates. Hybrid sensors based on composite films composed of P3HT and the as-prepared ZnO nanostructures were fabricated for the detection of NO2 at room temperature. The P3HT/ZnO NS-NR bilayer film exhibited not only the highest sensitivity but also good reproducibility and selectivity to NO2 at room temperature. The enhanced sensing performance was attributed to the formation of the P3HT/ZnO heterojunction in addition to the enhanced adsorption of NO2 by NS-NR ZnO rich in oxygen-vacancy defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Materials Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xian Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Materials Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Haoyuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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46
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Li Y, Zu B, Guo Y, Li K, Zeng H, Dou X. Surface Superoxide Complex Defects-Boosted Ultrasensitive ppb-Level NO2 Gas Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1420-4. [PMID: 26788928 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sn(4+) -O2 (-•) centers are intentionally created in SnO2 nanoflowers by a thermodynamically instable synthetic process. The resulting SnO2 nanoflower-based sensor is confirmed to be the most sensitive ppb-level chemiresistor NO2 sensor to date. The Sn(4+) -O2 (-•) centers with strong gas-adsorbing and high eletron-donating capability towards NO2 molecules decisively determine the sensor sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baiyi Zu
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xincun Dou
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
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47
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Wang B, Ding J, Zhu T, Huang W, Cui Z, Chen J, Huang L, Chi L. Fast patterning of oriented organic microstripes for field-effect ammonia gas sensors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3954-3961. [PMID: 26840884 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with patterned ultra-thin films for NH3 detection are achieved via fast dip-coating. The morphology and packing structure of the ultra-thin films are greatly dependent on the surface energy of the substrates, geometry features of the patterned electrodes and evaporation atmosphere during the dip-coating process, which in turn results in a significant difference in the NH3 sensing properties. Based on the newly proposed mechanism, low-trap dielectric-semiconductor interfaces, a stripe-like morphology and an ultrathin film (as low as 2 nm) enable the OFET-based sensors to exhibit unprecedented sensitivity (∼160) with a short response/recovery time. The efficient (2 mm s(-1)), reliable, and scalable patterning strategy opens a new route for solution-processed OFET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China. and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jinqiang Ding
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Zequn Cui
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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48
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Zhang J, Liu X, Neri G, Pinna N. Nanostructured Materials for Room-Temperature Gas Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:795-831. [PMID: 26662346 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensor technology has an important effect on many aspects in our society, and has gained much progress, propelled by the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Current research efforts are directed toward developing high-performance gas sensors with low operating temperature at low fabrication costs. A gas sensor working at room temperature is very appealing as it provides very low power consumption and does not require a heater for high-temperature operation, and hence simplifies the fabrication of sensor devices and reduces the operating cost. Nanostructured materials are at the core of the development of any room-temperature sensing platform. The most important advances with regard to fundamental research, sensing mechanisms, and application of nanostructured materials for room-temperature conductometric sensor devices are reviewed here. Particular emphasis is given to the relation between the nanostructure and sensor properties in an attempt to address structure-property correlations. Finally, some future research perspectives and new challenges that the field of room-temperature sensors will have to address are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xianghong Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chemistry and Industrial Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Pinna
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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49
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Lv A, Wang M, Wang Y, Bo Z, Chi L. Investigation into the Sensing Process of High-Performance H2S Sensors Based on Polymer Transistors. Chemistry 2016; 22:3654-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Lv
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech); Universität Münster; Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie Street 19 Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Yandong Wang
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech); Universität Münster; Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie Street 19 Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech); Universität Münster; Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials; Devices Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM); Soochow University; Renai Rd. 199 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
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50
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Yang J, Yan D, Jones TS. Molecular Template Growth and Its Applications in Organic Electronics and Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5570-603. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Donghang Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tim S. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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