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Xu X, Gao C, Emusani R, Jia C, Xiang D. Toward Practical Single-Molecule/Atom Switches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400877. [PMID: 38810145 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electronic switches have been considered to be one of the most important components of contemporary electronic circuits for processing and storing digital information. Fabricating functional devices with building blocks of atomic/molecular switches can greatly promote the minimization of the devices and meet the requirement of high integration. This review highlights key developments in the fabrication and application of molecular switching devices. This overview offers valuable insights into the switching mechanisms under various stimuli, emphasizing structural and energy state changes in the core molecules. Beyond the molecular switches, typical individual metal atomic switches are further introduced. A critical discussion of the main challenges for realizing and developing practical molecular/atomic switches is provided. These analyses and summaries will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the switch mechanisms, providing guidance for the rational design of functional nanoswitch devices toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ramya Emusani
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
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2
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Guo HY, Pei LQ, Cai ZY, Sun N, Zheng JF, Shao Y, Wang YH, Wu DY, Jin S, Zhou XS. Effects of Connectivity Isomerization on Electron Transport Through Thiophene Heterocyclic Molecular Junction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9717-9724. [PMID: 38712354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Connectivity isomerization of the same aromatic molecular core with different substitution positions profoundly affects electron transport pathways and single-molecule conductance. Herein, we designed and synthesized all connectivity isomers of a thiophene (TP) aromatic ring substituted by two dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene (BT) groups with ethynyl spacers (m,n-TP-BT, (m,n = 2,3; 2,4; 2,5; 3,4)), to systematically probe how connectivity contributes to single-molecule conductance. Single-molecule conductance measurements using a scanning tunneling microscopy break junction (STM-BJ) technique show ∼12-fold change in conductance values, which follow an order of 10-4.83 G0 (2,4-TP-BT) < 10-4.78 G0 (3,4-TP-BT) < 10-4.06 G0 (2,3-TP-BT) < 10-3.75 G0 (2,5-TP-BT). Electronic structure analysis and theoretical simulations show that the connectivity isomerization significantly changes electron delocalization and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. Moreover, the connectivity-dependent molecular structures lead to different quantum interference (QI) effects in electron transport, e.g., a strong destructive QI near E = EF leads the smallest conductance value for 2,4-TP-BT. This work proves a clear relationship between the connectivity isomerization and single-molecule conductance of thiophene heterocyclic molecular junctions for the future design of molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Zhuan-Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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3
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Zhang X, Li Z, Ji S, Xu W, Chen L, Xiao Z, Liu J, Hong W. Plasmon-Molecule Interactions in Single-Molecule Junctions. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300556. [PMID: 38050755 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronics offers opportunities for advancing integrated photonics and electronics, which also serves as a tool to elucidate the underlying mechanism of light-matter interaction. Plasmonics, which plays pivotal role in the interaction of photons and matter, have became an emerging area. A comprehensive understanding of the plasmonic excitation and modulation mechanisms within single-molecule junctions (SMJs) lays the foundation for optoelectronic devices. Consequently, this review primarily concentrates on illuminating the fundamental principles of plasmonics within SMJs, delving into their research methods and modulation factors of plasmon-exciton. Moreover, we underscore the interaction phenomena within SMJs, including the enhancement of molecular fluorescence by plasmonics, Fano resonance and Rabi splitting caused by the interaction of plasmon-exciton. Finally, by emphasizing the potential applications of plasmonics within SMJs, such as their roles in optical tweezers, single-photon sources, super-resolution imaging, and chemical reactions, we elucidate the future prospects and current challenges in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Shurui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Lijue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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Li T, Bandari VK, Schmidt OG. Molecular Electronics: Creating and Bridging Molecular Junctions and Promoting Its Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209088. [PMID: 36512432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is driven by the dream of expanding Moore's law to the molecular level for next-generation electronics through incorporating individual or ensemble molecules into electronic circuits. For nearly 50 years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the intrinsic properties of molecules and develop diverse fascinating molecular electronic devices with the desired functionalities. The flourishing of molecular electronics is inseparable from the development of various elegant methodologies for creating nanogap electrodes and bridging the nanogap with molecules. This review first focuses on the techniques for making lateral and vertical nanogap electrodes by breaking, narrowing, and fixed modes, and highlights their capabilities, applications, merits, and shortcomings. After summarizing the approaches of growing single molecules or molecular layers on the electrodes, the methods of constructing a complete molecular circuit are comprehensively grouped into three categories: 1) directly bridging one-molecule-electrode component with another electrode, 2) physically bridging two-molecule-electrode components, and 3) chemically bridging two-molecule-electrode components. Finally, the current state of molecular circuit integration and commercialization is discussed and perspectives are provided, hoping to encourage the community to accelerate the realization of fully scalable molecular electronics for a new era of integrated microsystems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Li
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Dief EM, Low PJ, Díez-Pérez I, Darwish N. Advances in single-molecule junctions as tools for chemical and biochemical analysis. Nat Chem 2023; 15:600-614. [PMID: 37106094 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of miniaturized electronics has led to the design and construction of powerful experimental platforms capable of measuring electronic properties to the level of single molecules, along with new theoretical concepts to aid in the interpretation of the data. A new area of activity is now emerging concerned with repurposing the tools of molecular electronics for applications in chemical and biological analysis. Single-molecule junction techniques, such as the scanning tunnelling microscope break junction and related single-molecule circuit approaches have a remarkable capacity to transduce chemical information from individual molecules, sampled in real time, to electrical signals. In this Review, we discuss single-molecule junction approaches as emerging analytical tools for the chemical and biological sciences. We demonstrate how these analytical techniques are being extended to systems capable of probing chemical reaction mechanisms. We also examine how molecular junctions enable the detection of RNA, DNA, and traces of proteins in solution with limits of detection at the zeptomole level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Dief
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Yin K, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Tan M, Xu X, Zhao Z, Wang M, Xu B, Lee T, Scheer E, Xiang D. In Situ Adjustable Nanogaps and In-Plane Break Junctions. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201427. [PMID: 36732898 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to precisely regulate the size of a nanogap is essential for establishing high-yield molecular junctions, and it is crucial for the control of optical signals in extreme optics. Although remarkable strategies for the fabrication of nanogaps are proposed, wafer-compatible nanogaps with freely adjustable gap sizes are not yet available. Herein, two approaches for constructing in situ adjustable metal gaps are proposed which allow Ångstrom modulation resolution by employing either a lateral expandable piezoelectric sheet or a stretchable membrane. These in situ adjustable nanogaps are further developed into in-plane molecular break junctions, in which the gaps can be repeatedly closed and opened thousands of times with self-assembled molecules. The conductance of the single 1,4-benzenediamine (BDA) and the BDA molecular dimer is successfully determined using the proposed strategy. The measured conductance agreeing well with the data by employing another well-established scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique provides insight into the formation of molecule dimer via hydrogen bond at single molecule level. The wafer-compatible nanogaps and in-plane dynamical break-junctions provide a potential approach to fabricate highly compacted devices using a single molecule as a building block and supply a promising in-plane technique to address the dynamical properties of single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xubin Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaikai Yin
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Surong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Min Tan
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Maoning Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bingqian Xu
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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7
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Sikri G, Sawhney RS. Computational evaluation of transport parameters and logic circuit designing of L-Lysine amino acid stringed to Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, and Pd electrodes. J Mol Model 2023; 29:115. [PMID: 36973447 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The integrants of proteins, i.e., amino acids, have grossed exceptional recognition for their applications towards designing imminent switching devices. Among 20 amino acids, L-Lysine (i.e., positively charged) has the highest number of CH2 chains, and such chains affect the rectification ratio in several biomolecules. Towards molecular rectification, we investigate the transport parameters of L-Lysine in conjunction with five different coinage metal electrodes, i.e., Au, Ag, Cu, Pt and Pd to form five distinct devices. We deputize the NEGF-DFT formulism for computing conductance, frontier molecular orbitals, current-voltage, and molecular projected self-Hamiltonian calculations using a self-consistent function. We focus on the most widely used electron exchange correlation combination, i.e., the PBE version of GGA with DZDP basis set. The molecular devices under inquisition exhibit phenomenal rectification ratios (RR) in conjunction with negative differential resistance (NDR) regimes. The nominated molecular device offers a substantial rectification ratio of 45.6 with platinum electrodes and a prominent peak to valley current ratio of 1.78 with copper electrodes. We deduce from these findings that L-Lysine based molecular devices would implicit in future bio-nanoelectronic devices. The OR and AND logic gates are also proposed hinged on highest rectification ratio of L-Lysine-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sikri
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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8
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Li X, Ge W, Guo S, Bai J, Hong W. Characterization and Application of Supramolecular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216819. [PMID: 36585932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of supramolecular chemistry and single-molecule electronics offers a new perspective on supramolecular electronics, and provides a new avenue toward understanding and application of intermolecular charge transport at the molecular level. In this review, we will provide an overview of the advances in the characterization technique for the investigation of intermolecular charge transport, and summarize the experimental investigation of several non-covalent interactions, including π-π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding, host-guest interactions and σ-σ interactions at the single-molecule level. We will also provide a perspective on supramolecular electronics and discuss the potential applications and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenhui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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9
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Deffner M, Weise MP, Zhang H, Mücke M, Proppe J, Franco I, Herrmann C. Learning Conductance: Gaussian Process Regression for Molecular Electronics. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:992-1002. [PMID: 36692968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies of charge transport through single molecules often rely on break junction setups, where molecular junctions are repeatedly formed and broken while measuring the conductance, leading to a statistical distribution of conductance values. Modeling this experimental situation and the resulting conductance histograms is challenging for theoretical methods, as computations need to capture structural changes in experiments, including the statistics of junction formation and rupture. This type of extensive structural sampling implies that even when evaluating conductance from computationally efficient electronic structure methods, which typically are of reduced accuracy, the evaluation of conductance histograms is too expensive to be a routine task. Highly accurate quantum transport computations are only computationally feasible for a few selected conformations and thus necessarily ignore the rich conformational space probed in experiments. To overcome these limitations, we investigate the potential of machine learning for modeling conductance histograms, in particular by Gaussian process regression. We show that by selecting specific structural parameters as features, Gaussian process regression can be used to efficiently predict the zero-bias conductance from molecular structures, reducing the computational cost of simulating conductance histograms by an order of magnitude. This enables the efficient calculation of conductance histograms even on the basis of computationally expensive first-principles approaches by effectively reducing the number of necessary charge transport calculations, paving the way toward their routine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Deffner
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg22761, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg22761, Germany
| | - Marc Philipp Weise
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg22761, Germany
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg22761, Germany
| | - Maike Mücke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Jonny Proppe
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig38106, Germany
| | - Ignacio Franco
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York14627-0216, United States
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg22761, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg22761, Germany
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10
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Riba-López D, Zaffino R, Herrera D, Matheu R, Silvestri F, Ferreira da Silva J, Sañudo EC, Mas-Torrent M, Barrena E, Pfattner R, Ruiz E, González-Campo A, Aliaga-Alcalde N. Dielectric behavior of curcuminoid polymorphs on different substrates by direct soft vacuum deposition. iScience 2022; 25:105686. [PMID: 36578318 PMCID: PMC9791350 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our work examines the structural-electronic correlation of a new curcuminoid, AlkCCMoid, as a dielectric material on different substrates. For this purpose, we show a homemade sublimation method that allows the direct deposition of molecules on any type of matrix. The electronic properties of AlkCCMoid have been evaluated by measurements on single crystals, microcrystalline powder, and sublimated samples, respectively. GIWAXS studies on surfaces and XRD studies on powder have revealed the existence of polymorphs and the effect that substrates have on curcuminoid organization. We describe the dielectric nature of our system and identify how different polymorphs can affect electronic parameters such as permittivity, all corroborated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Riba-López
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rossella Zaffino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Herrera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roc Matheu
- Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona Spain,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Silvestri
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesse Ferreira da Silva
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain,University of Southampton, Chemistry, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Eva Carolina Sañudo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Barrena
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raphael Pfattner
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona Spain,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arántzazu González-Campo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Núria Aliaga-Alcalde
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain,ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats) Passeig Lluïs Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author
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11
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Single-Molecule Chemical Reactions Unveiled in Molecular Junctions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding chemical processes at the single-molecule scale represents the ultimate limit of analytical chemistry. Single-molecule detection techniques allow one to reveal the detailed dynamics and kinetics of a chemical reaction with unprecedented accuracy. It has also enabled the discoveries of new reaction pathways or intermediates/transition states that are inaccessible in conventional ensemble experiments, which is critical to elucidating their intrinsic mechanisms. Thanks to the rapid development of single-molecule junction (SMJ) techniques, detecting chemical reactions via monitoring the electrical current through single molecules has received an increasing amount of attention and has witnessed tremendous advances in recent years. Research efforts in this direction have opened a new route for probing chemical and physical processes with single-molecule precision. This review presents detailed advancements in probing single-molecule chemical reactions using SMJ techniques. We specifically highlight recent progress in investigating electric-field-driven reactions, reaction dynamics and kinetics, host–guest interactions, and redox reactions of different molecular systems. Finally, we discuss the potential of single-molecule detection using SMJs across various future applications.
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12
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Shin J, Yang S, Eo JS, Jeon T, Lee J, Lee CH, Wang G. Molecular Van Der Waals Heterojunction Photodiodes Enabling Dipole-Induced Polarity Switching. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200646. [PMID: 36055777 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state devices capable of controlling light-responsive charge transport at the molecular scale are essential for developing molecular optoelectronic technology. Here, a solid-state molecular photodiode device constructed by forming van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions between standard molecular self-assembled monolayers and two-dimensional semiconductors such as WSe2 is reported. In particular, two non-functionalized molecular species used herein (i.e., tridecafluoro-1-octanethiol and 1-octanethiol) enable bidirectional modulation of the interface band alignment with WSe2 , depending on their dipole orientations. This dipole-induced band modulation at the vdW heterointerface leads to the opposite change of both photoswitching polarity and rectifying characteristics. Furthermore, compared with other molecular or 2D photodiodes at a similar scale, these heterojunction devices exhibit significantly enhanced photo-responsive performances in terms of photocurrent magnitude, open-circuit potential, and switching speed. This study proposes a novel concept of the solid-state molecular optoelectronic device with controlled functions and enhanced performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Eo
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Takgyeong Jeon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunuk Wang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
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13
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Shin J, Eo JS, Jeon T, Lee T, Wang G. Advances of Various Heterogeneous Structure Types in Molecular Junction Systems and Their Charge Transport Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202399. [PMID: 35975456 PMCID: PMC9596861 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics that can produce functional electronic circuits using a single molecule or molecular ensemble remains an attractive research field because it not only represents an essential step toward realizing ultimate electronic device scaling but may also expand our understanding of the intrinsic quantum transports at the molecular level. Recently, in order to overcome the difficulties inherent in the conventional approach to studying molecular electronics and developing functional device applications, this field has attempted to diversify the electrical characteristics and device architectures using various types of heterogeneous structures in molecular junctions. This review summarizes recent efforts devoted to functional devices with molecular heterostructures. Diverse molecules and materials can be combined and incorporated in such two- and three-terminal heterojunction structures, to achieve desirable electronic functionalities. The heterojunction structures, charge transport mechanisms, and possible strategies for implementing electronic functions using various hetero unit materials are presented sequentially. In addition, the applicability and merits of molecular heterojunction structures, as well as the anticipated challenges associated with their implementation in device applications are discussed and summarized. This review will contribute to a deeper understanding of charge transport through molecular heterojunction, and it may pave the way toward desirable electronic functionalities in molecular electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Shin
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
- Department of ChemistryRice University6100 Main StreetHoustonTexas77005United States
| | - Jung Sun Eo
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
| | - Takgyeong Jeon
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and AstronomyInstitute of Applied PhysicsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Gunuk Wang
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
- Center for Neuromorphic EngineeringKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Korea
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14
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Semionova VV, Glebov EM. SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS FORMED BY METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AND ORGANIC PHOTOCHROMES. REVIEW. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Hu Y, Li X, Li Q, Yang J. Bipolar Magnetic Molecules for Spin‐Polarized Electric Current in Molecular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205036. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
| | - Qunxiang Li
- Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
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16
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Shi J, Yu W, Hu C, Duan H, Ji J, Kang Y, Cai K. Effects of Tearing Conditions on the Crack Propagation in a Monolayer Graphene Sheet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126471. [PMID: 35742922 PMCID: PMC9223507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The path of crack propagation in a graphene sheet is significant for graphene patterning via the tearing approach. In this study, we evaluate the fracture properties of pre-cracked graphene during the tearing process, with consideration of the effects of the aspect ratio, loading speed, loading direction, and ambient temperatures on the crack propagation in the monolayer sheet. Some remarkable conclusions are drawn based on the molecular dynamic simulation results, i.e., a higher loading speed may result in a complicated path of crack propagation, and the propagation of an armchair crack may be accompanied by sp carbon links at high temperatures. The reason for this is that the stronger thermal vibration reduces the load stress difference near the crack tip and, therefore, the crack tip can pass through the sp link. A crack propagates more easily along the zigzag direction than along the armchair direction. The out-of-plane tearing is more suitable than the in-plane tearing for graphene patterning. The path of crack propagation can be adjusted by changing the loading direction, e.g., a rectangular graphene ribbon can be produced by oblique tearing. This new understanding will benefit the application of graphene patterning via the tearing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Y.); (C.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Weihua Yu
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Y.); (C.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Chunwei Hu
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Y.); (C.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Haiyan Duan
- Material Science Department, School of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (K.C.)
| | - Jiaxing Ji
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Y.); (C.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Yuanyuan Kang
- Material Science Department, School of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Kun Cai
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (K.C.)
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17
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Hu Y, Li X, Li Q, Yang J. Bipolar Magnetic Molecules for Spin‐Polarized Electric Current in Molecular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemical Physics CHINA
| | - Xingxing Li
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemical Physics 96 Jinzhai Road 230026 Hefei CHINA
| | - Qunxiang Li
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemical Physics CHINA
| | - Jinlong Yang
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemical Physics CHINA
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18
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Zhao S, Deng ZY, Albalawi S, Wu Q, Chen L, Zhang H, Zhao XJ, Hou H, Hou S, Dong G, Yang Y, Shi J, Lambert CJ, Tan YZ, Hong W. Charge transport through single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions with atomic thickness. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5854-5859. [PMID: 35685781 PMCID: PMC9132082 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The van der Waals interactions (vdW) between π-conjugated molecules offer new opportunities for fabricating heterojunction-based devices and investigating charge transport in heterojunctions with atomic thickness. In this work, we fabricate sandwiched single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions via vdW interactions and characterize their electrical transport properties by employing the cross-plane break junction (XPBJ) technique. The experimental results show that the cross-plane charge transport through single-molecule junctions is determined by the size and layer number of molecular graphene in these junctions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the charge transport through molecular graphene in these molecular junctions is sensitive to the angles between the graphene flake and peripheral mesityl groups, and those rotated groups can be used to tune the electrical conductance. This study provides new insight into cross-plane charge transport in atomically thin junctions and highlights the role of through-space interactions in vdW heterojunctions at the molecular scale. Charge transport through single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions fabricated by a cross-plane break junction technique can be tuned at the atomic level.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ze-Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shadiah Albalawi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Lijue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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19
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Luo S, Mancini A, Wang F, Liu J, Maier SA, de Mello JC. High-Throughput Fabrication of Triangular Nanogap Arrays for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7438-7447. [PMID: 35381178 PMCID: PMC9134500 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Squeezing light into nanometer-sized metallic nanogaps can generate extremely high near-field intensities, resulting in dramatically enhanced absorption, emission, and Raman scattering of target molecules embedded within the gaps. However, the scarcity of low-cost, high-throughput, and reproducible nanogap fabrication methods offering precise control over the gap size is a continuing obstacle to practical applications. Using a combination of molecular self-assembly, colloidal nanosphere lithography, and physical peeling, we report here a high-throughput method for fabricating large-area arrays of triangular nanogaps that allow the gap width to be tuned from ∼10 to ∼3 nm. The nanogap arrays function as high-performance substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), with measured enhancement factors as high as 108 relative to a thin gold film. Using the nanogap arrays, methylene blue dye molecules can be detected at concentrations as low as 1 pM, while adenine biomolecules can be detected down to 100 pM. We further show that it is possible to achieve sensitive SERS detection on binary-metal nanogap arrays containing gold and platinum, potentially extending SERS detection to the investigation of reactive species at platinum-based catalytic and electrochemical surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Feng Wang
- Department
of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Junyang Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 München, Germany
- Blackett
Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - John C. de Mello
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Kuppusamy SK, Mizuno A, García-Fuente A, van der Poel S, Heinrich B, Ferrer J, van der Zant HSJ, Ruben M. Spin-Crossover in Supramolecular Iron(II)-2,6-bis(1 H-Pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine Complexes: Toward Spin-State Switchable Single-Molecule Junctions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13654-13666. [PMID: 35559184 PMCID: PMC9088905 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) active iron(II) complexes are an integral class of switchable and bistable molecular materials. Spin-state switching properties of the SCO complexes have been studied in the bulk and single-molecule levels to progress toward fabricating molecule-based switching and memory elements. Supramolecular SCO complexes featuring anchoring groups for metallic electrodes, for example, gold (Au), are ideal candidates to study spin-state switching at the single-molecule level. In this study, we report on the spin-state switching characteristics of supramolecular iron(II) complexes 1 and 2 composed of functional 4-([2,2'-bithiophen]-5-ylethynyl)-2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (L1) and 4-(2-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)ethynyl)-2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (L2) ligands, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) studies revealed stretching-induced spin-state switching in a molecular junction composed of complex 1, taken as a representative example, and gold electrodes. Single-molecule conductance traces revealed the unfavorable orientation of the complexes in the junctions to demonstrate the spin-state dependence of the conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar Kuppusamy
- Institute
for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Asato Mizuno
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Amador García-Fuente
- Departamento
de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, ES-33007 Oviedo, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Nanomateriales
(CINN, CSIC), El Entrego ES-33940, Spain
| | - Sebastiaan van der Poel
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg,
23, rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 cedex
2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jaime Ferrer
- Departamento
de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, ES-33007 Oviedo, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Nanomateriales
(CINN, CSIC), El Entrego ES-33940, Spain
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute
for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Université
de Strasbourg (Unistra), Institute de Science et d′Ingénierie
Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Centre Européen de Science
Quantique (CESQ), 8,
Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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21
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Sher O, Han Y, Xu H, Li H, Daun T, Kumar S, Grigoriev A, Panda PK, Orthaber A, Serein-Spirau F, Jarrosson T, Jafri SHM, Leifer K. Analysis of molecular ligand functionalization process in nano-molecular electronic devices containing densely packed nano-particle functionalization shells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:255706. [PMID: 35276678 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5cfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronic devices based on few and single-molecules have the advantage that the electronic signature of the device is directly dependent on the electronic structure of the molecules as well as of the electrode-molecule junction. In this work, we use a two-step approach to synthesise functionalized nanomolecular electronic devices (nanoMoED). In first step we apply an organic solvent-based gold nanoparticle (AuNP) synthesis method to form either a 1-dodecanethiol or a mixed 1-dodecanethiol/ω-tetraphenyl ether substituted 1-dodecanethiol ligand shell. The functionalization of these AuNPs is tuned in a second step by a ligand functionalization process where biphenyldithiol (BPDT) molecules are introduced as bridging ligands into the shell of the AuNPs. From subsequent structural analysis and electrical measurements, we could observe a successful molecular functionalization in nanoMoED devices as well as we could deduce that differences in electrical properties between two different device types are related to the differences in the molecular functionalization process for the two different AuNPs synthesized in first step. The same devices yielded successful NO2gas sensing. This opens the pathway for a simplified synthesis/fabrication of molecular electronic devices with application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Sher
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir 10250, Pakistan
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
| | - Haoyuan Xu
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang City, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Li
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbo Daun
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
| | - Sharath Kumar
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
| | - Anton Grigoriev
- Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
| | - Francoise Serein-Spirau
- Université de Montpellier, Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Thibaut Jarrosson
- Université de Montpellier, Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - S Hassan M Jafri
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir 10250, Pakistan
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden
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22
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Review of the use of nanodevices to detect single molecules. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Orlioglo BM, Kovalenko KA, Glebov EM. INCLUSION COMPOUNDS OF ORGANIC AZOCHROMOPHORES IN THE CAVITIES OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (Cr, Al)– MIL-101: SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHEMICAL STUDIES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Single-molecule junctions - devices fabricated by electrically connecting a single molecule to two electrodes - can respond to a variety of stimuli, that include electrostatic/electrochemical gating, light, other chemical species, and mechanical forces. When the latter is used, the device becomes mechanoresistive which means that its electrical resistance/conductance changes upon application of a mechanical stress. The mechanoresistive phenomenon can arise at the metal-molecule interface or it can be embedded in the molecular backbone, and several strategies to attain high reproducibility, high sensitivity and reversible behaviour have been developed over the years. These devices offer a unique insight on the process of charge transfer/transport at the metal/molecule interface, and have potential for applications as nanoelectromechanical systems, integrating electrical and mechanical functionality at the nanoscale. In this review, the status of the field is presented, with a focus on those systems that proved to have reversible behaviour, along with a discussion on the techniques used to fabricate and characterise mechanoresistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Peach Streat, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
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25
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Zhu X, Xu Y, Zhao C, Jia C, Guo X. Recent Advances in Photochemical Reactions on Single-Molecule Electrical Platforms. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200017. [PMID: 35150177 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical reaction is a very important type of chemical reactions. Visualizing and controlling photo-mediated reactions is a long-standing goal and challenge. In this regard, single-molecule electrical detection with label-free, real-time and in situ characteristics has unique advantages in monitoring the dynamic process of photoreactions at the single-molecule level. In this Review, we provide a valuable summary of the latest process of single-molecule photochemical reactions based on single-molecule electrical platforms. The single-molecule electrical detection platforms for monitoring photoreactions are displayed, including their fundamental principles, construction methods and practical applications. The single-molecule studies of two different types of light-mediated reactions are summarized as below: i) photo-induced reactions, including reversible cyclization, conformational isomerization and other photo-related reactions; ii) plasmon-mediated photoreactions, including reaction mechanisms and concrete examples, such as plasmon-induced photolysis of S-S/O-O bonds and tautomerization of porphycene. In addition, the prospects for future research directions and challenges in this field are also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Nan N, Zhou WH, Zhang J, Li W, Yang JT, Chen J, Xiong YC, Tan G. Phase transitions induced by exchange coupling, magnetic field, and temperature in a strongly correlated molecular trimer with triangular topology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22546-22556. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulating the physical properties such as the quantum phase and the Kondo effect of molecular electronic devices near critical points may play a key role in increasing the robustness of...
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Luo S, Hoff BH, Maier SA, de Mello JC. Scalable Fabrication of Metallic Nanogaps at the Sub-10 nm Level. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102756. [PMID: 34719889 PMCID: PMC8693066 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanogaps with metal-metal separations of less than 10 nm have many applications in nanoscale photonics and electronics. However, their fabrication remains a considerable challenge, especially for applications that require patterning of nanoscale features over macroscopic length-scales. Here, some of the most promising techniques for nanogap fabrication are evaluated, covering established technologies such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography (EBL), and focused ion beam (FIB) milling, plus a number of newer methods that use novel electrochemical and mechanical means to effect the patterning. The physical principles behind each method are reviewed and their strengths and limitations for nanogap patterning in terms of resolution, fidelity, speed, ease of implementation, versatility, and scalability to large substrate sizes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
| | - Bård H. Hoff
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Nano‐Institute MunichFaculty of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMünchen80539Germany
- Blackett LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - John C. de Mello
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
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Molecular electronics behaviour of L-aspartic acid using symmetrical metal electrodes. J Mol Model 2021; 27:335. [PMID: 34718873 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based electronics is one of the growing areas of bio-nanoelectronics, where novel electronic devices possessing distinctive properties are being fabricated using specific proteins. Furthermore, if the bio-molecule is analysed amidst different electrodes, intriguing properties are elucidated. This research article investigates the electron transport properties of L-aspartic acid (i.e. L-amino acid) bound to symmetrical electrodes of gold, silver, copper, platinum and palladium employing NEGF-DFT approach using self-consistent function. The theoretical work function of different electrodes is calculated using local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation approach. The calculated work function correlates well with the hole tunneling barrier and conductance of the molecular device, which further authenticate the coupling strength between molecule and electrode. Molecule under consideration also exhibits negative differential resistance region and rectification ratio with all the different electrodes, due to its asymmetrical structure. The molecular device using platinum electrodes exhibits the highest peak to valley ratio of 1.38 and rectification ratio of 3.20, at finite bias. The switching characteristics of different molecular device are justified with detailed transmission spectra and MPSH. These results indicate that L-aspartic acid and similar biomolecule can be vital to the growth of Proteotronics.
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Li N, Zhang B, He Y, Luo Y. Sub-Picosecond Nanodiodes for Low-Power Ultrafast Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100874. [PMID: 34245057 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The tradeoff between ultrahigh speed and low power is a dominant challenge in continuously improving modern electronics. Fundamental electronic devices with ultrafast response are highly desired in low-power electronics. However, conventional semiconductor electronic devices now near the speed limit from the physical roadblocks including short-channel effect, restricted carrier velocity, and heat death. Currently emerging electronic devices also face formidable difficulties to achieve high-speed performance at low operating voltage without heat disturbance. Here, a novel fabricated coplanar tip-to-edge semiconductor-free nanostructure with asymmetric sub-10 nm air channel is reported, stimulating electric-field accelerated scattering-free transport of electrons and resulting in ultrafast response of record sub-picoseconds at a low turn-on voltage around 0.7 V. Simulation results show a typical electrical response down to 64 fs, which is ≈103 times faster than that of conventional semiconductor electronic devices. The coplanar asymmetric nanostructure allows a high rectifying ratio up to 106 which is superior to that of the most promising 2D semiconducting nanodiodes. In addition, heat death is overcome due to the inherent advantages from the novel nanostructure and underlying working mechanism. The intriguing nanodiodes will attract broadly interests in electronics due to their potential as rudimentary building blocks in ultrafast electronic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory (MNFL), Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, CAEP, Chengdu, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory (MNFL), Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, CAEP, Chengdu, 610200, China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Yue He
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, China
- Terahertz Communication and Radar Technology Research Laboratory, Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, CAEP, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory (MNFL), Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, CAEP, Chengdu, 610200, China
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Fukuzumi R, Buerkle M, Li Y, Kaneko S, Li P, Kobayashi S, Fujii S, Kiguchi M, Nakamura H, Tsukagoshi K, Nishino T. Water Splitting Induced by Visible Light at a Copper-Based Single-Molecule Junction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2008109. [PMID: 34089231 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting is an essential process for converting light energy into easily storable energy in the form of hydrogen. As environmentally preferable catalysts, Cu-based materials have attracted attention as water-splitting catalysts. To enhance the efficiency of water splitting, a reaction process should be developed. Single-molecule junctions (SMJs) are attractive structures for developing these reactions because the molecule electronic state is significantly modulated, and characteristic electromagnetic effects can be expected. Here, water splitting is induced at Cu-based SMJ and the produced hydrogen is characterized at a single-molecule scale by employing electron transport measurements. After visible light irradiation, the conductance states originate from Cu/hydrogen molecule/Cu junctions, while before irradiation, only Cu/water molecule/Cu junctions were observed. The vibration spectra obtained from inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy combined with the first-principles calculations reveal that the water molecule trapped between the Cu electrodes is decomposed and that hydrogen is produced. Time-dependent and wavelength-dependent measurements show that localized-surface plasmon decomposes the water molecule in the vicinity of the junction. These findings indicate the potential ability of Cu-based materials for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Marius Buerkle
- CD-FMat, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Peihui Li
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shuji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hisao Nakamura
- CD-FMat, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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31
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Zhang L, Kaneko S, Fujii S, Kiguchi M, Nishino T. Single-molecule determination of chemical equilibrium of DNA intercalation by electrical conductance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4380-4383. [PMID: 33949386 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a single-molecule reaction of DNA intercalation as an example of a bimolecular association reaction. Single-molecule conductance values of the product and reactant molecules adsorbed on an Au surface were measured to identify and quantify these molecules. The binding isotherm was constructed, and the association constant of the reaction was determined on a single-molecule basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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32
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Zhao Z, Guo C, Ni L, Zhao X, Zhang S, Xiang D. In situ photoconductivity measurements of imidazole in optical fiber break-junctions. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:386-392. [PMID: 33949578 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method based on the mechanically controllable break junction technique to investigate the electron transport properties of single molecular junctions upon fiber waveguided light. In our strategy, a metal-coated tapered optical fiber is fixed on a flexible substrate, and this tapered fiber serves as both the optical waveguide and metal electrodes after it breaks. For an imidazole bridged single-molecule junction, two probable conductance values below 1G0 are observed. The higher value shows an approximately 40% enhancement under illumination, while the lower one does not show distinguishable difference under illumination. Theoretical calculations reveal these two conductance values resulting from the imidazole monomer junction and the imidazole dimer junction linked via a hydrogen bond, respectively. In imidazole monomer junctions, the absorption of a single photon strongly shifts the transmission function resulting in optical-induced conductance enhancement. In contrast, the transmission function of imidazole dimer junctions remains at the same level in the bias window despite the light illumination. This work provides a robust experimental framework for studying the underlying mechanisms of photoconductivity in single-molecule junctions and offers tools for tuning the optoelectronic performance of single-molecule devices in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Chenyang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lifa Ni
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Surong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Dong Xiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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33
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Luo S, Mancini A, Berté R, Hoff BH, Maier SA, de Mello JC. Massively Parallel Arrays of Size-Controlled Metallic Nanogaps with Gap-Widths Down to the Sub-3-nm Level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100491. [PMID: 33939199 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanogaps (MNGs) are fundamental components of nanoscale photonic and electronic devices. However, the lack of reproducible, high-yield fabrication methods with nanometric control over the gap-size has hindered practical applications. A patterning technique based on molecular self-assembly and physical peeling is reported here that allows the gap-width to be tuned from more than 30 nm to less than 3 nm. The ability of the technique to define sub-3-nm gaps between dissimilar metals permits the easy fabrication of molecular rectifiers, in which conductive molecules bridge metals with differing work functions. A method is further described for fabricating massively parallel nanogap arrays containing hundreds of millions of ring-shaped nanogaps, in which nanometric size control is maintained over large patterning areas of up to a square centimeter. The arrays exhibit strong plasmonic resonances under visible light illumination and act as high-performance substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, with high enhancement factors of up to 3 × 108 relative to thin gold films. The methods described here extend the range of metallic nanostructures that can be fabricated over large areas, and are likely to find many applications in molecular electronics, plasmonics, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Berté
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
| | - Bård H Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John C de Mello
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Namgung S, Koester SJ, Oh SH. Ultraflat Sub-10 Nanometer Gap Electrodes for Two-Dimensional Optoelectronic Devices. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5276-5283. [PMID: 33625831 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for building ultrashort-channel devices because their thickness can be reduced down to a single atomic layer. Here, we demonstrate an ultraflat nanogap platform based on atomic layer deposition (ALD) and utilize the structure to fabricate 2D material-based optical and electronic devices. In our method, ultraflat metal surfaces, template-stripped from a Si wafer mold, are separated by an Al2O3 ALD layer down to a gap width of 10 nm. Surfaces of both electrodes are vertically aligned without a height difference, and each electrode is ultraflat with a measured root-mean-square roughness as low as 0.315 nm, smaller than the thickness of monolayer graphene. Simply by placing 2D material flakes on top of the platform, short-channel field-effect transistors based on black phosphorus and MoS2 are fabricated, exhibiting their typical transistor characteristics. Furthermore, we use the same platform to demonstrate photodetectors with a nanoscale photosensitive channel, exhibiting higher photosensitivity compared to microscale gap channels. Our wafer-scale atomic layer lithography method can benefit a diverse range of 2D optical and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Namgung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Wang YH, Yan F, Li DF, Xi YF, Cao R, Zheng JF, Shao Y, Jin S, Chen JZ, Zhou XS. Enhanced Gating Performance of Single-Molecule Conductance by Heterocyclic Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:758-763. [PMID: 33405930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the gating performance of single-molecule conductance is significant for realizing molecular transistors. Herein, we report a new strategy to improve the electrochemical gating efficiency of single-molecule conductance with fused molecular structures consisting of heterocyclic rings of furan, thiophene, or selenophene. One order magnitude of gating ratio is achieved within a potential window of 1.2 V for the selenophene-based molecule, which is significantly greater than that of other heterocyclic and benzene ring molecules. This is caused by the different electronic structures of heterocyclic molecules and transmission coefficients T(E), and preliminary resonance tunneling is achieved through the highest occupied molecular orbital at high potential. The current work experimentally shows that electrochemical gating performance can be significantly modulated by the alignment of the conducting orbital of the heterocyclic molecule relative to the metal Fermi energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dong-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Santen Pharmaceutical (China) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215026, China
| | - Yan-Feng Xi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jing-Zhe Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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36
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Leary E, Kastlunger G, Limburg B, Rincón-García L, Hurtado-Gallego J, González MT, Bollinger GR, Agrait N, Higgins SJ, Anderson HL, Stadler R, Nichols RJ. Long-lived charged states of single porphyrin-tape junctions under ambient conditions. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:49-58. [PMID: 33107543 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the charge state of individual molecules wired in two-terminal single-molecule junctions is a key challenge in molecular electronics, particularly in relation to the development of molecular memory and other computational componentry. Here we demonstrate that single porphyrin molecular junctions can be reversibly charged and discharged at elevated biases under ambient conditions due to the presence of a localised molecular eigenstate close to the Fermi edge of the electrodes. In particular, we can observe long-lived charge-states with lifetimes upwards of 1-10 seconds after returning to low bias and large changes in conductance, in excess of 100-fold at low bias. Our theoretical analysis finds charge-state lifetimes within the same time range as the experiments. The ambient operation demonstrates that special conditions such as low temperatures or ultra-high vacuum are not essential to observe hysteresis and stable charged molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Leary
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
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Kos D, Di Martino G, Boehmke A, de Nijs B, Berta D, Földes T, Sangtarash S, Rosta E, Sadeghi H, Baumberg JJ. Optical probes of molecules as nano-mechanical switches. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5905. [PMID: 33219231 PMCID: PMC7679449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular electronics promises a new generation of ultralow-energy information technologies, based around functional molecular junctions. Here, we report optical probing that exploits a gold nanoparticle in a plasmonic nanocavity geometry used as one terminal of a well-defined molecular junction, deposited as a self-assembled molecular monolayer on flat gold. A conductive transparent cantilever electrically contacts individual nanoparticles while maintaining optical access to the molecular junction. Optical readout of molecular structure in the junction reveals ultralow-energy switching of ∼50 zJ, from a nano-electromechanical torsion spring at the single molecule level. Real-time Raman measurements show these electronic device characteristics are directly affected by this molecular torsion, which can be explained using a simple circuit model based on junction capacitances, confirmed by density functional theory calculations. This nanomechanical degree of freedom is normally invisible and ignored in electrical transport measurements but is vital to the design and exploitation of molecules as quantum-coherent electronic nanodevices. The development of molecular electronics at single molecule level calls for new tools beyond electrical characterisation. Kos et al. show an optical probe of molecular junctions in a plasmonic nanocavity geometry, which supports in situ interrogation of molecular configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kos
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Giuliana Di Martino
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Alexandra Boehmke
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dénes Berta
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Tamás Földes
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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Gee A, Jaafar AH, Kemp NT. Nanoscale junctions for single molecule electronics fabricated using bilayer nanoimprint lithography combined with feedback controlled electromigration. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:155203. [PMID: 31860883 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a fast, simple and high throughput technique that allows fabrication of structures with nanometre precision features at low cost. We present an advanced bilayer nanoimprint lithography approach to fabricate four terminal nanojunction devices for use in single molecule electronic studies. In the first part of this work, we demonstrate a NIL lift-off process using a bilayer resist technique that negates problems associated with metal side-wall tearing during lift-off. In addition to precise nanoscale feature replication, we show that it is possible to imprint micron-sized features while still maintaining a bilayer structure enabling an undercut resist structure to be formed. This is accomplished by choosing suitable imprint parameters as well as residual layer etching depth and development time. We then use a feedback controlled electromigration procedure, to produce room-temperature stable nanogap electrodes with sizes below 2 nm. This approach facilitates the integration of molecules in stable, solid-state molecular electronic devices as demonstrated by incorporating benzenethiol as molecular bridges between the electrodes and characterizing its electronics properties through current-voltage measurements. The observation of molecular transport signatures, showing current suppression in the I-V behaviour at low voltage, which is then lifted at high voltage, signifying on- and off-resonant transport through molecular levels as a function of voltage, is confirmed in repeated I-V sweeps. The large conductance, symmetry of the I-V sweep and small value of the voltage minimum in transition voltage spectroscopy indicates the bridging of the two benzenethiol molecules is by π-stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gee
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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Yang C, Qin A, Tang BZ, Guo X. Fabrication and functions of graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:120902. [PMID: 32241145 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed increasingly rapid advances in the field of single-molecule electronics, which are expected to overcome the limitation of the miniaturization of silicon-based microdevices, thus promoting the development of device manufacturing technologies and characterization means. In addition to this, they can enable us to investigate the intrinsic properties of materials at the atomic- or molecular-length scale and probe new phenomena that are inaccessible in ensemble experiments. In this perspective, we start from a brief introduction on the manufacturing method of graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions (GMG-SMJs). Then, we make a description on the remarkable functions of GMG-SMJs, especially on the investigation of single-molecule charge transport and dynamics. Finally, we conclude by discussing the main challenges and future research directions of molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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40
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Gasparyan F, Boichuk N, Vitusevich S. Activation-relaxation processes and related effects in quantum conductance of molecular junctions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:045001. [PMID: 31610534 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4d96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We reveal the comparative relationship between small changes in quantum conductivity behavior for molecular junctions. We clarify the mechanisms of acquiring and losing additional thermal activation energy during average current flow in a gold-1,4 benzenediamine (BDA)-gold molecular junction and explain the quantum conductance modulation process. Small changes in working temperature lead to a change in quantum conductivity, which is reflected in random telegraph signal behavior. We demonstrate the high sensitivity of the BDA molecules to small changes in temperature. For BDA molecules, conductance thermo-sensitivity values are relatively high near to [Formula: see text] This advantage can be used to measure weak variations in the ambient temperature. We show that the additional thermal energy arising from the change in temperature can impact on the strength of the electrode-molecule coupling, on the modulation of quantum conductivity. Local changes in quantum conductance of the order of quanta or smaller are conditioned by small random changes in the working regime arising from some of the activation processes. On the basis of the modulation of conductance, we calculate the magnitude of the spring constant of the 1,4 benzenediamine molecule as [Formula: see text] at the stretching length of 0.03 nm for the Au-NH2 molecular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gasparyan
- Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany. Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian St., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
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41
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Hasegawa Y, Harashima T, Jono Y, Seki T, Kiguchi M, Nishino T. Kinetic investigation of a chemical process in single-molecule junction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:309-312. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report on the kinetic investigation for the breakdown of single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Takanori Harashima
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Yuki Jono
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Takumi Seki
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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42
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Salazar A, Hosseini S, Sanchez-Domínguez M, Madou MJ, Montesinos-Castellanos A, Martinez-Chapa SO. Sub-10 nm nanogap fabrication on suspended glassy carbon nanofibers. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:9. [PMID: 34567624 PMCID: PMC8433410 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Glassy carbon nanofibers (GCNFs) are considered promising candidates for the fabrication of nanosensors for biosensing applications. Importantly, in part due to their great stability, carbon electrodes with sub-10 nm nanogaps represent an attractive platform for probing the electrical characteristics of molecules. The fabrication of sub-10 nm nanogap electrodes in these GCNFs, which is achieved by electrically stimulating the fibers until they break, was previously found to require fibers shorter than 2 µm; however, this process is generally hampered by the limitations inherent to photolithographic methods. In this work, to obtain nanogaps on the order of 10 nm without the need for sub-2 µm GCNFs, we employed a fabrication strategy in which the fibers were gradually thinned down by continuously monitoring the changes in the electrical resistance of the fiber and adjusting the applied voltage accordingly. To further reduce the nanogap size, we studied the mechanism behind the thinning and eventual breakdown of the suspended GCNFs by controlling the environmental conditions and pressure during the experiment. Following this approach, which includes performing the experiments in a high-vacuum chamber after a series of carbon dioxide (CO2) purging cycles, nanogaps on the order of 10 nm were produced in suspended GCNFs 52 µm in length, much longer than the ~2 µm GCNFs needed to produce such small gaps without the procedure employed in this work. Furthermore, the electrodes showed no apparent change in their shape or nanogap width after being stored at room temperature for approximately 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Salazar
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL 64849 México
| | - Samira Hosseini
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL 64849 México
| | - Margarita Sanchez-Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Apodaca, NL 66628 México
| | - Marc. J. Madou
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL 64849 México
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Engineering Gateway 4200, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL 64849 México
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Vishnubhotla SB, Chen R, Khanal SR, Li J, Stach EA, Martini A, Jacobs TDB. Quantitative measurement of contact area and electron transport across platinum nanocontacts for scanning probe microscopy and electrical nanodevices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:045705. [PMID: 30479311 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaebd6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conductive modes of atomic force microscopy are widely used to characterize the electronic properties of materials, and in such measurements, contact size is typically determined from current flow. Conversely, in nanodevice applications, the current flow is predicted from the estimated contact size. In both cases, it is very common to relate the contact size and current flow using well-established ballistic electron transport theory. Here we performed 19 electromechanical tests of platinum nanocontacts with in situ transmission electron microscopy to measure contact size and conductance. We also used molecular dynamics simulations of matched nanocontacts to investigate the nature of contact on the atomic scale. Together, these tests show that the ballistic transport equations under-predict the contact size by more than an order of magnitude. The measurements suggest that the low conductance of the contact cannot be explained by the scattering of electrons at defects nor by patchy contact due to surface roughness; instead, the lower-than-expected contact conductance is attributed to approximately a monolayer of insulating surface species on the platinum. Surprisingly, the low conductance persists throughout loading and even after significant sliding of the contact in vacuum. We apply tunneling theory and extract best-fit barrier parameters that describe the properties of this surface layer. The implications of this investigation are that electron transport in device-relevant platinum nanocontacts can be significantly limited by the presence and persistence of surface species, resulting in current flow that is better described by tunneling theory than ballistic electron transport, even for cleaned pure-platinum surfaces and even after loading and sliding in vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Bharadwaj Vishnubhotla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Rimei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Subarna R Khanal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Tevis D B Jacobs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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44
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Wang G, Zeng BF, Zhao SQ, Qian QZ, Hong W, Yang Y. Application of electrochemistry to single-molecule junctions: from construction to modulation. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Analytical modeling of the junction evolution in single-molecule break junctions: towards quantitative characterization of the time-dependent process. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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46
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Vuillaume D. Molecular Electronics: From Single‐Molecule to Large‐Area Devices. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1215-1221. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology CNRSUniversité de Lille Avenue Poincaré CS60069, 59652 cedex Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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47
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Lvov AG, Yokoyama Y, Shirinian VZ. Post-Modification of the Ethene Bridge in the Rational Design of Photochromic Diarylethenes. CHEM REC 2019; 20:51-63. [PMID: 31063675 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the molecular structure of organic bistable compounds to improve their photochromic performance or to introduce additional functions remains an important issue in the development of photoresponsive materials. Diarylethenes bearing heterocyclic moieties belong to the most intensively studied class of organic photochromes due to their excellent photochemical properties. A huge number of diarylethenes have been synthesized so far. Analysis of the literature data shows that there are very worthy examples of diarylethenes developed by the Irie and Feringa groups, which can be the common starting material for a number of diarylethenes functionalized in hetaryl moieties. We refer to these structures as photochromic diarylethene precursors. These diarylethenes have proved to be very useful in the construction of functional molecules with desired properties. On the other hand, in our groups, we have elaborated on diarylethene precursors with modifiable ethene bridges. In this review, we have collected examples of such structures and their chemical modifications, leading to the improvement or fine-tuning of photochromic switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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48
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Masai H, Terao J. Synthetic Methodologies for Structurally Defined Linked-[n]Rotaxanes with Permethylated Cyclodextrins: Platform for Functionalized Molecular Electronics. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 168-8902, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 168-8902, Japan
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49
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Perylene-Diimide Molecules with Cyano Functionalization for Electron-Transporting Transistors. ELECTRONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics8020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Core-cyanated perylene diimide (PDI_CY) derivatives are molecular compounds exhibiting an uncommon combination of appealing properties, including remarkable oxidative stability, high electron affinities, and excellent self-assembling properties. Such features made these compounds the subject of study for several research groups aimed at developing electron-transporting (n-type) devices with superior charge transport performances. After about fifteen years since the first report, field-effect transistors based on PDI_CY thin films are still intensely investigated by the scientific community for the attainment of n-type devices that are able to balance the performances of the best p-type ones. In this review, we summarize the main results achieved by our group in the fabrication and characterization of transistors based on PDI8-CN2 and PDIF-CN2 molecules, undoubtedly the most renowned compounds of the PDI_CY family. Our attention was mainly focused on the electrical properties, both at the micro and nanoscale, of PDI8-CN2 and PDIF-CN2 films deposited using different evaporation techniques. Specific topics, such as the contact resistance phenomenon, the bias stress effect, and the operation in liquid environment, have been also analyzed.
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50
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Tachikawa H, Iura R, Kawabata H. Water-accelerated π-Stacking Reaction in Benzene Cluster Cation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2377. [PMID: 30787381 PMCID: PMC6382828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single molecule electron devices (SMEDs) have been widely studied through both experiments and theoretical calculations because they exhibit certain specific properties that general macromolecules do not possess. In actual SMED systems, a residual water molecule strongly affects the electronic properties of the SMED, even if only one water molecule is present. However, information about the effect of H2O molecules on the electronic properties of SMEDs is quite limited. In the present study, the effect of H2O on the ON-OFF switching property of benzene-based molecular devices was investigated by means of a direct ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method. T- and H-shaped benzene dimers and trimers were examined as molecular devices. The present calculations showed that a H2O molecule accelerates the π-stacking formation in benzene molecular electronic systems. The times of stacking formation in a benzene dimer cation (n = 2) were calculated to be 460 fs (H2O) and 947 fs (no-H2O), while those in a trimer cation (n = 3) were 551 fs (H2O) and 1019 fs (no-H2O) as an average of the reaction time. This tendency was not dependent on the levels of theory used. Thus, H2O produced positive effects in benzene-based molecular electronics. The mechanism of π-stacking was discussed based on the theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Tachikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Ryoshu Iura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawabata
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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