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Watanabe S, Ono K, Nakayama R, Tajiri K, Inouchi S, Matsuo T, Kunitake M, Hayashi S. Phase Diagrams of Anthracene Derivatives in Pyridinium Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300867. [PMID: 38514906 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Crystal engineering for single crystallization of π-conjugated molecules has attracted much attention because of their electronic, photonic, and mechanical properties. However, reproducibility is a problem in conventional printing techniques because control of solvent evaporation is difficult. We investigated the phase diagrams of two anthracene derivatives in synthesized ionic liquids for non-volatile crystal engineering to determine the critical points for nucleation and crystal growth. Anthracene and 9,10-dibromoanthracene were used as representative π-conjugated molecules that form crystal structures with different packing types. Ionic liquids with an alkylpyridinium cation and bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide were good solvents for the anthracene derivatives from ca. 0 °C to 200 °C. The solubilities (critical points for crystal growth) of the anthracene derivatives in the ionic liquids reached the 100 mM level, which is similar to those in organic solvents. Ionic liquids with phenyl and octyl groups tended to show high-temperature dependence (a high dissolution entropy) with 9,10-dibromoanthracene. The precipitation temperature (critical point for crystal nucleation) at each 9,10-dibromoanthracene concentration was lower than the dissolution temperature. The differences between the dissolution and precipitation temperatures (supersaturated region) in the ionic liquids were greater than those in an organic solvent.
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Grants
- 21H01239 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- 22H01814 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- 22K14671 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- JPNP18016 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
- JPNP20004 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
- Toshiaki Ogasawara Memorial Foundation in Japan
- JPMJFR211W Japan Science and Technology Agency
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Naitonal Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 059-1275, Japan
| | - Keigo Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Rinsuke Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kaho Tajiri
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Inouchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsuo
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Kunitake
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
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Xu L, Jia H, Zhang C, Yin B, Yao J. Magnetically controlled assembly: a new approach to organic integrated photonics. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8723-8742. [PMID: 37621424 PMCID: PMC10445431 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01779f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly of organic molecules or assemblies is of great importance for organic photonics to move from fundamental research to integrated and practical applications. Magnetic fields with the advantages of high controllability, non-contact manipulation, and instantaneous response have emerged as an elegant way to prepare organic hierarchical nanostructures. In this perspective, we outline the development history of organic photonic materials and highlight the importance of organic hierarchical nanostructures for a wide range of applications, including microlasers, optical displays, information encoding, sensing, and beyond. Then, we will discuss recent advances in magnetically controlled assembly for creating organic hierarchical nanostructures, with a particular focus on their potential for enabling the development of integrated photonic devices with unprecedented functionality and performance. Finally, we present several perspectives on the further development of magnetically controlled assembly strategies from the perspective of performance optimization and functional design of organic integrated photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Baipeng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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3
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Yan X, Zhao Y, Cao G, Li X, Gao C, Liu L, Ahmed S, Altaf F, Tan H, Ma X, Xie Z, Zhang H. 2D Organic Materials: Status and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203889. [PMID: 36683257 PMCID: PMC9982583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, 2D layer materials have gradually become a central focus in materials science owing to their uniquely layered structural qualities and good optoelectronic properties. However, in the development of 2D materials, several disadvantages, such as limited types of materials and the inability to synthesize large-scale materials, severely confine their application. Therefore, further exploration of new materials and preparation methods is necessary to meet technological developmental needs. Organic molecular materials have the advantage of being customizable. Therefore, if organic molecular and 2D materials are combined, the resulting 2D organic materials would have excellent optical and electrical properties. In addition, through this combination, the free design and large-scale synthesis of 2D materials can be realized in principle. Furthermore, 2D organic materials exhibit excellent properties and unique functionalities along with great potential for developing sensors, biomedicine, and electronics. In this review, 2D organic materials are divided into five categories. The preparation methods and material properties of each class of materials are also described in detail. Notably, to comprehensively understand each material's advantages, the latest research applications for each material are presented in detail and summarized. Finally, the future development and application prospects of 2D organic materials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Luan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyInternational Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Faizah Altaf
- Department of ChemistryWomen University Bagh Azad KashmirBagh Azad KashmirBagh12500Pakistan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology North AvenueAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of PediatricsShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518038P. R. China
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical ResearchShenzhenGuangdong518116China
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyInternational Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
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Nakayama Y, Tsuruta R, Koganezawa T. 'Molecular Beam Epitaxy' on Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals: Characterization of Well-Defined Molecular Interfaces by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7119. [PMID: 36295203 PMCID: PMC9605552 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth, often termed "epitaxy", is one of the most essential techniques underpinning semiconductor electronics, because crystallinities of the materials seriously dominate operation efficiencies of the electronic devices such as power gain/consumption, response speed, heat loss, and so on. In contrast to already well-established epitaxial growth methodologies for inorganic (covalent or ionic) semiconductors, studies on inter-molecular (van der Waals) epitaxy for organic semiconductors is still in the initial stage. In the present review paper, we briefly summarize recent works on the epitaxial inter-molecular junctions built on organic semiconductor single-crystal surfaces, particularly on single crystals of pentacene and rubrene. Experimental methodologies applicable for the determination of crystal structures of such organic single-crystal-based molecular junctions are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakayama
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Colloid and Interface Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research Group for Advanced Energy Conversion, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuruta
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Industrial Application Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Li H, Wang S, Liu X, Wu F, Zhang Q, Yuan J, Ma W, Han Y. Crystals Array via Oriented Nucleation and Growth Induced by Smectic E Mesophase of C7-T-BTBT. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Organic donor-acceptor heterojunctions for high performance circularly polarized light detection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3454. [PMID: 35705562 PMCID: PMC9200767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of highly efficient and stable lateral organic circularly polarized light photodetector is a fundamental prerequisite for realization of circularly polarized light integrated applications. However, chiral semiconductors with helical structure are usually found with intrinsically low field-effect mobilities, which becomes a bottleneck for high-performance and multi-wavelength circularly polarized light detection. To address this problem, here we demonstrate a novel strategy to fabricate multi-wavelength circularly polarized light photodetector based on the donor-acceptor heterojunction, where efficient exciton separation enables chiral acceptor layer to provide differentiated concentration of holes to the channel of organic field-effect transistors. Benefitting from the low defect density at the semiconductor/dielectric interface, the photodetectors exhibit excellent stability, enabling current roll-off of about 3–4% over 500 cycles. The photocurrent dissymmetry value and responsivity for circularly polarized light photodetector in air are 0.24 and 0.28 A W−1, respectively. We further demonstrate circularly polarized light communication based on a real-time circularly polarized light detector by decoding the light signal. As the proof-of-concept, the results hold the promise of large-scale circularly polarized light integrated photonic applications. Here, the authors report a strategy to fabricate multi-wavelength circularly polarized light photodetectors consisting of bilayer donor-acceptor heterojunctions with chiral active layers.
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Zhu X, Yan Y, Sun L, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li R, Chen H, Wu J, Yang F, Hu W. Negative Phototransistors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Weak-Light Detection Based on 1D/2D Molecular Crystal p-n Heterojunctions and their Application in Light Encoders. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201364. [PMID: 35324012 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous negative phototransistors in which the channel current decreases under light illumination hold potential to generate novel and multifunctional optoelectronic applications. Although a variety of design strategies have been developed to construct such devices, NPTs still suffer from far lower device performance compared to well-developed positive phototransistors (PPTs). In this work, a novel 1D/2D molecular crystal p-n heterojunction, in which p-type 1D molecular crystal (1DMC) arrays are embedded into n-type 2D molecular crystals (2DMCs), is developed to produce ultrasensitive NPTs. The p-type 1DMC arrays act as light-absorbing layers to induce p-doping of n-type 2DMCs through charge transfer under illumination, resulting in ineffective gate control and significant negative photoresponses. As a result, the NPTs show remarkable performances in photoresponsivity (P) (1.9 × 108 ) and detectivity (D*) (1.7 × 1017 Jones), greatly outperforming previously reported NPTs, which are one of the highest values among all organic phototransistors. Moreover, the device exhibits intriguing characteristics undiscovered in PPTs, including precise control of the threshold voltage by controlling light signals and ultrasensitive detection of weak light. As a proof-of-concept, the NTPs are demonstrated as light encoders that can encrypt electrical signals by light. These findings represent a milestone for negative phototransistors, and pave the way for the development of future novel optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yujie Yan
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, P.R. China
| | - Lingjie Sun
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fangxu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Hai T, Feng Z, Sun Y, Wong WY, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Lei Y. Vapor-Phase Living Assembly of π-Conjugated Organic Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3290-3299. [PMID: 35107255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to well-studied amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) and π-stacked dyes, living assembly of hydrophobic π-conjugated materials has not yet been explored to date. Using a microspacing physical vapor transport (PVT) technique, the prefabricated microrods of organic semiconductors involving 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA, A) or its binary alloy (B) can act as seeds to initiate living homoepitaxial growth from their ends, giving elongated microrods with controlled length. Red-green-red tricolor fluorescent microrod heterostructures with low dispersity are further realized by living heteroepitaxial growth of B microrod blocks on A seed microrod tips. Upon varying the growth sequence of each block, reverse triblock microrods are also accessible. Such a seed-induced living growth is applicable to triblock microrod heterostructures of more binary combinations as well as even more complex penta- and hepta-block heterostructures comprising A and B. By virtue of a convenient vapor-phase growth method, the present work demonstrates the generality of living assembly of π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zuofang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Lei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Liu J, Yu Y, Liu J, Li T, Li C, Zhang J, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Capillary-Confinement Crystallization for Monolayer Molecular Crystal Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107574. [PMID: 34837661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystalline semiconductors are highly desired for the fabrication of integrated electronic circuits, yet their uniform growth and efficient patterning is a huge challenge. Here, a general solution procedure named the "soft-template-assisted-assembly method" is developed to prepare centimeter-scale monolayer molecular crystal (MMC) arrays with precise regulation over their size and location via a capillary-confinement crystallization process. It is remarkable that the field-effect mobility of the array is highly uniform, with variation less than 4.4%, which demonstrates the most uniform organic single-crystal arrays ever reported so far. Simulations based on fluid dynamics are carried out to understand the function mechanism of this method. Thanks to the ultrasmooth crystalline orientation surface of MMCs, high-quality p-n heterojunction arrays can be prepared by weak epitaxy growth of n-type material atop the MMC. The p-n heterojunction field-effect transistors show ambipolar characteristics and the corresponding inverters constructed by these heterojunctions exhibit a competitive gain of 155. This work provides a general strategy to realize the preparation and application of logic complementary circuits based on patterned organic single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yamin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Peng B, Wu R, Li H. Crystallization from a Droplet: Single-Crystalline Arrays and Heterojunctions for Organic Electronics. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4498-4507. [PMID: 34866378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusSingle crystals of organic semiconductors (OSCs) are believed to have both high mobility and intrinsic flexibility, making them promising candidates for flexible electronic/optoelectronic applications and being consistently pursued by researchers. The van der Waals force in OSC enables low-temperature solution processing of single crystals, but the relatively weak binding energy brings challenges in forming large, uniform, and defect-free single crystals. To promote the study on OSC single crystals, a generalized method that grows high-quality crystals in an easy-to-handle, time/resource-saving, and repeatable manner is apparently necessary. In 2012, Li et al. developed a droplet-pinned crystallization (DPC) method that uses a rather simple strategy to create a steadily receding contact line for the growth of OSC single crystals. Instead of setting up expensive equipment, controlling strict deposition parameters, or waiting for days or weeks for countable crystal seeds, the DPC method offers a time- and cost-effective way to obtain OSC single crystals for further study of the tendency of crystallization, single-crystal mobility, and molecular packing information. The DPC method is primarily a powerful tool for studying the charge-transport mechanisms in OSC single crystals. In pioneering work, high-mobility single crystals of both p-type 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and n-type C60 materials were obtained. Driven by the demands from practical applications, we then focused on the general lagging of electron mobility in OSC materials. The ambipolar property of TIPS-PEN was studied, and a strong correlation between electron mobility and polar species (polar solvent residuals and surface hydroxyl groups) was observed. The latter further guided the harvest of electron mobility in a series of OSC materials. Undoubtfully, the facile DPC method accelerated these studies by providing a time-efficient, reliable, and repeatable testing platform. Additionally, flexibility on OSC materials and solvents, where not only one-component but also binary systems were allowed, is another critical integrity of the DPC method. The m-xylene/carbon tetrachloride binary solvent was proven to be efficient for growing ribbon-like C60 single crystals rather than needle-like crystals from typical one-component solvents. Afterward, a variety of OSC materials (including p-type, n-type, and ambipolar ones) and a series of solvents (including aromatic, aliphatic, and polar ones) were studied. The crystallization of OSC single crystals was primarily found at either the top liquid-air interface or the bottom solid-liquid interface. The interactions between OSC molecules and substrate surfaces were deduced as the qualitative determining factor. By utilizing the top interface crystallization, the two-step sequential deposition of single-crystalline OSC heterojunctions was enabled. Moreover, by selecting appropriate pairs of OSC materials that crystallize at separate interfaces, the facile one-step formation of single-crystalline OSC heterojunctions was achieved. The OSC single crystals and heterojunctions (including horizontal, vertical, and bulk heterojunctions) thereof exhibit promising potentials in circuits, photovoltaics, and photodiodes and would probably provide new insights for the future development of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ruihan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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11
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Wang Y, Wu H, Zhu W, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Feng C, Dang Y, Dong H, Fu H, Hu W. Cocrystal Engineering: Toward Solution‐Processed Near‐Infrared 2D Organic Cocrystals for Broadband Photodetection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6344-6350. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Changfu Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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12
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Wang Y, Wu H, Zhu W, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Feng C, Dang Y, Dong H, Fu H, Hu W. Cocrystal Engineering: Toward Solution‐Processed Near‐Infrared 2D Organic Cocrystals for Broadband Photodetection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Changfu Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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13
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Lin CC, Afraj SN, Velusamy A, Yu PC, Cho CH, Chen J, Li YH, Lee GH, Tung SH, Liu CL, Chen MC, Facchetti A. A Solution Processable Dithioalkyl Dithienothiophene (DSDTT) Based Small Molecule and Its Blends for High Performance Organic Field Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:727-738. [PMID: 33253536 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 3,5-dithiooctyl dithienothiophene based small molecular semiconductor DDTT-DSDTT (1), end functionalized with fused dithienothiophene (DTT) units, was synthesized and characterized for organic field effect transistors (OFET). The thermal, optical, electrochemical, and computed electronic structural properties of 1 were investigated and contrasted. The single crystal structure of 1 reveals the presence of intramolecular locks between S(alkyl)···S(thiophene), with a very short S-S distance of 3.10 Å, and a planar core. When measured in an OFET device compound 1 exhibits a hole mobility of 3.19 cm2 V-1 s-1, when the semiconductor layer is processed by a solution-shearing deposition method and using environmentally acceptable anisole as the solvent. This is the highest value reported to date for an all-thiophene based molecular semiconductor. In addition, solution-processed small molecule/insulating polymer (1/PαMS) blend films and devices were investigated. Morphological analysis reveals a nanoscopic vertical phase separation with the PαMS layer preferentially contacting the dielectric and 1 located on top of the stack. The OFET based on the blend comprising 50% weight of 1 exhibits a hole mobility of 2.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a very smaller threshold voltage shift under gate bias stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shakil N Afraj
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hui Cho
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yi-Hsien Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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14
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Li L, Wang S, Li Y, Xie H, Niu D, Huang H, Gao Y. Modification of an ultrathin C 60 interlayer on the electronic structure and molecular packing of C8-BTBT on HOPG. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25264-25271. [PMID: 33135703 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to investigate the electronic structure and molecular packing of C8-BTBT on HOPG with an ultrathin C60 interlayer. It was found that C8-BTBT displays a Vollmer-Weber (V-W) growth mode on HOPG, with an ultrathin C60 interlayer (0.7 nm). Compared to the uniform lying-down growth mode as directly grown on HOPG, the C8-BTBT molecules here adopt a lying-down orientation at low coverage with some small tilt angles because the π-π interaction between C8-BTBT and HOPG is partly disturbed by the C60 interlayer, delivering a higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in C8-BTBT. An interface dipole of 0.14 eV is observed due to electron transport from C8-BTBT to C60. The upward and downward band bending in C8-BTBT and C60, respectively, near the C8-BTBT/C60 interface reduces the hole transport barrier at the interface, facilitating the hole injection from C60 to C8-BTBT, while a large electron transfer barrier from C60 to C8-BTBT is detected at this interface, which effectively limits electron injection from C60 to C8-BTBT. The HOMO of C8-BTBT near the interface is largely lifted up by the C60 insertion layer, which causes a p-doping effect and increases the hole mobility in C8-BTBT. Furthermore, owing to the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of C60 residing in the gap of C8-BTBT, charge transfer occurs between C60 and the trap states in C8-BTBT to effectively passivate the trapping states. Our efforts aid a better understanding of the electron structure and film growth of anisotropic molecules and provide a useful strategy to improve the performance of C8-BTBT-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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15
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Zukun W, Wu R, Chen Z, Ye L, Li H, Zhu H. Ultrafast Electron Transfer Before Singlet Fission and Slow Triplet State Electron Transfer in Pentacene Single Crystal/C 60 Heterostructure. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4185-4192. [PMID: 32353232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The singlet fission (SF) process converts one high-energy singlet exciton to two low-energy triplet excitons after absorbing one photon. Organic photovoltaic devices based on the SF process have shown great potential in solar energy conversion to exceed Shockley-Queisser limit. The key to SF photovoltaic devices requires efficient electron transfer (ET) from triplet exciton after SF, which is yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, we performed thorough photophysical studies in 6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene)/C60 heterostructures using TIPS-pentacene microsize single crystal as a well-defined model system. We show the SF process in TIPS-pentacene single crystal occurs by a two-step process, with triplet pair intermediates forming in 75 fs and then dissociating to non-interacting triplets in 1.6 ps. The SF process in single crystal is comparable to that in polycrystalline film. Importantly, we observe a considerable fraction of singlet excitons is quenched by ultrafast (<75 fs) interfacial ET prior to fission and no ET from triplet excitons in 1.5 ns time window. We confirm that the absence of ET is not limited by exciton diffusion but due to very slow (≫1.5 ns) interfacial ET from triplet exciton. The observations contradict expected singlet and triplet ET behaviors based on a simple two-state Marcus ET model and suggest long-range interfacial ET from delocalized photoexcitation. The ultrafast ET from singlet exciton before SF and slow ET from triplet exciton call for reconsideration and careful design of efficient SF photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zukun
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruihan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Chen H, Zhang W, Li M, He G, Guo X. Interface Engineering in Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Principles, Applications, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2879-2949. [PMID: 32078296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous interfaces that are ubiquitous in optoelectronic devices play a key role in the device performance and have led to the prosperity of today's microelectronics. Interface engineering provides an effective and promising approach to enhancing the device performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and even developing new functions. In fact, researchers from different disciplines have devoted considerable attention to this concept, which has started to evolve from simple improvement of the device performance to sophisticated construction of novel functionalities, indicating great potential for further applications in broad areas ranging from integrated circuits and energy conversion to catalysis and chemical/biological sensors. In this review article, we provide a timely and comprehensive overview of current efficient approaches developed for building various delicate functional interfaces in OFETs, including interfaces within the semiconductor layers, semiconductor/electrode interfaces, semiconductor/dielectric interfaces, and semiconductor/environment interfaces. We also highlight the major contributions and new concepts of integrating molecular functionalities into electrical circuits, which have been neglected in most previous reviews. This review will provide a fundamental understanding of the interplay between the molecular structure, assembly, and emergent functions at the molecular level and consequently offer novel insights into designing a new generation of multifunctional integrated circuits and sensors toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weining Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Gen He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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17
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Jiang H, Hu W. The Emergence of Organic Single-Crystal Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1408-1428. [PMID: 30927312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting single crystals are perfect for both fundamental and application-oriented research due to the advantages of free grain boundaries, few defects, and minimal traps and impurities, as well as their low-temperature processability, high flexibility, and low cost. Carrier mobilities of greater than 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 in some organic single crystals indicate a promising application in electronic devices. The progress made, including the molecular structures and fabrication technologies of organic single crystals, is introduced and organic single-crystal electronic devices, including field-effect transistors, phototransistors, p-n heterojunctions, and circuits, are summarized. Organic two-dimensional single crystals, cocrystals, and large single crystals, together with some potential applications, are introduced. A state-of-the-art overview of organic single-crystal electronics, with their challenges and prospects, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Tianjin University No. 92#, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapur
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Tianjin University No. 92#, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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19
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Guo L, Gu X, Zhu X, Sun X. Recent Advances in Molecular Spintronics: Multifunctional Spintronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805355. [PMID: 30680807 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The field of spintronics has triggered an enormous revolution in information storage since the first observation of giant magnetoresistance (GMR). Molecular semiconductors are characterized by having very long spin relaxation times up to milliseconds, and are thus widely considered to hold immense potential for spintronic applications. Along with the development of molecular spintronics, it is clear that the study of multipurpose spintronic devices has gradually grown into a new research and development direction. The abundant photoelectric properties of molecular semiconductors and the intriguing functionality of the spinterface, together with novel designs of device structures, have promoted the integration of multiple functions and different mechanisms into discrete spintronic devices. Here, according to the different relationships between the integrated mechanisms, multifunctional molecular spintronic devices containing parallel and interactive types are highlighted. This is followed by the introduction of pure-spin-current-type molecular spintronic devices that have already demonstrated great potential for multifunction exploration. Finally, the challenges and outlook that make this field young and energetic are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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20
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21
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Deng W, Lu B, Mao J, Lu Z, Zhang X, Jie J. Precise Positioning of Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals with Two-Component Aligned Structure through 3D Wettability-Induced Sequential Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36205-36212. [PMID: 31469274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered organic semiconductor single-crystal (OSSC) arrays are ideal building blocks for functional organic devices. However, most of the current methods are only applicable to fabricate OSSC arrays of a single component, which significantly hinders the application of OSSC arrays in integrated organic circuits. Here, we present a universal approach, termed three-dimensional (3D) wettability-induced sequential assembly that can programmatically and progressively manipulate the crystallization locations of different organic semiconductors at the same spatial position using a 3D microchannel template, for the fabrication of the two-component OSSC arrays. As an example, we successfully prepared two-component, bilayer structured OSSC arrays consisting of n-type N,N'-bis(2-phenylethyl)-perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide and p-type 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene microbelts. The bicomponent OSSCs show ambipolar carrier transport properties with hole and electron mobilities of 0.342 and 0.526 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Construction of complementary inverters is further demonstrated based on the two-component OSSCs. The capability of integration of multicomponent OSSC arrays opens up unique opportunities for future high-performance organic complementary circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Bei Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Mao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengjun Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
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22
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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Ren X, Yao J, Guo S, Zhang L, Wang D, Wang G, Zhang X, Li R, Hu W. 2D Molecular Crystal Bilayer p-n Junctions: A General Route toward High-Performance and Well-Balanced Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902187. [PMID: 31250969 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are vital for the construction of high-performance all-organic digital circuits. The bilayer p-n junction structure, which is composed of separate layers of p- and n-type organic semiconductors, is considered a promising way to realize well-balanced ambipolar charge transport. However, this approach suffers from severely reduced mobility due to the rough interface between the polycrystalline thin films of p- and n-type organic semiconductors. Herein, 2D molecular crystal (2DMC) bilayer p-n junctions are proposed to construct high-performance and well-balanced ambipolar OFETs. The molecular-scale thickness of the 2DMC ensures high injection efficiency and the atomically flat surface of the 2DMC leads to high-quality p- and n-layer interfaces. Moreover, by controlling the layer numbers of the p- and n-type 2DMCs, the electron and hole mobilities are tuned and well-balanced ambipolar transport is accomplished. The hole and electron mobilities reach up to 0.87 and 0.82 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively, which are the highest values among organic single-crystalline double-channel OFETs measured in ambient air. This work provides a general route to construct high-performance and well-balanced ambipolar OFETs based on available unipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangwei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiarong Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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23
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Sun J, Choi Y, Choi YJ, Kim S, Park JH, Lee S, Cho JH. 2D-Organic Hybrid Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803831. [PMID: 30786064 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of hybrid heterostructures have motivated the integration of two or more different types of nanomaterials into a single optoelectronic device structure. Despite the promising features of organic semiconductors, such as their acceptable optoelectronic properties, availability of low-cost processes for their fabrication, and flexibility, further optimization of both material properties and device performances remains to be achieved. With the emergence of atomically thin 2D materials, they have been integrated with conventional organic semiconductors to form multidimensional heterostructures that overcome the present limitations and provide further opportunities in the field of optoelectronics. Herein, a comprehensive review of emerging 2D-organic heterostructures-from their synthesis and fabrication to their state-of-the-art optoelectronic applications-is presented. Future challenges and opportunities associated with these heterostructures are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yongsuk Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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24
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Li H, Wu J, Takahashi K, Ren J, Wu R, Cai H, Wang J, Xin HL, Miao Q, Yamada H, Chen H, Li H. Organic Heterojunctions Formed by Interfacing Two Single Crystals from a Mixed Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10007-10015. [PMID: 31244137 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic heterojunctions are widely used in organic electronics and they are composed of semiconductors interfaced together. Good ordering in the molecular packing inside the heterojunctions is highly desired but it is still challenging to interface organic single crystals to form single-crystalline heterojunctions. Here, we describe how organic heterojunctions are formed by interfacing two single crystals from a droplet of a mixed solution containing two semiconductors. Based on crystallization of six organic semiconductors from a droplet on a substrate, two distinct crystallization mechanisms have been recognized in the sense that crystals form at either the top interface between the air and solution or the bottom interface between the substrate and solution. The preference for one interface rather than the other depends on the semiconductor-substrate pair and, for a given semiconductor, it can be switched by changing the substrate, suggesting that the preference is associated with the semiconductor-substrate molecular interaction. Furthermore, simultaneous crystallization of two semiconductors at two different interfaces to reduce their mutual disturbance results in the formation of bilayer single crystals interfaced together for organic heterojunctions. These single-crystalline heterojunctions exhibit ambipolar charge transport in field-effect transistors, with the highest electron mobility of 1.90 cm2 V-1 s-1 and the highest hole mobility of 1.02 cm2 V-1 s-1. Hence, by elucidating the interfacial crystallization events, this work should greatly harvest the solution-grown organic single-crystalline heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jiake Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Kohtaro Takahashi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Ruihan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Hongyi Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jieru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong , China
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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25
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Guo L, Qin Y, Gu X, Zhu X, Zhou Q, Sun X. Spin Transport in Organic Molecules. Front Chem 2019; 7:428. [PMID: 31275920 PMCID: PMC6591472 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the considerable advantages of functional molecules as well as supramolecules, such as the low cost, light weight, flexibility, and large area preparation via the solution method, molecular electronics has grown into an active and rapidly developing research field over the past few decades. Beyond those well-known advantages, a very long spin relaxation time of π-conjugated molecules, due to the weak spin-orbit coupling, facilitates a pioneering but fast-growing research field, known as molecular spintronics. Recently, a series of sustained progresses have been achieved with various π-conjugated molecular matrixes where spin transport is undoubtedly an important point for the spin physical process and multifunctional applications. Currently, most studies on spin transport are carried out with a molecule-based spin valve, which shows a typical geometry with a thin-film molecular layer sandwiched between two ferromagnetic electrodes. In such a device, the spin transport process has been demonstrated to have a close correlation with spin relaxation time and charge carrier mobility of π-conjugated molecules. In this review, the recent advances of spin transport in these two aspects have been systematically summarized. Particularly, spin transport in π-conjugated molecular materials, considered as promising for spintronics development, have also been highlighted, including molecular single crystal, cocrystal, solid solution as well as other highly ordered supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Lei Y, Wang S, Lai Z, Yao X, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Chen H. Two-dimensional C 60 nano-meshes via crystal transformation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8692-8698. [PMID: 30742169 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing a rational and general approach towards complex two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures represents potential promising applications in a wide variety of fields, such as electronics, catalysis, and energy conversion. However, the synthesis of 2D nanoscale superstructures remains a great challenge because of the great difficulty in arranging the growth units in a rational manner. Here, we develop a simple yet effective solution-phase strategy to achieve hexagonal mesh networks made of aligned nanorods which are obtained via crystal transformation of 2D C60 microplates. The transformation is triggered by the removal and inclusion of solvent molecules and hence, driven by a small free energy difference. The change in the local solvent environment leads to the formation of pores in the C60 plates and the subsequent growth of nanorods. The epitaxial growth of ordered nanorod arrays is due to the matching lattice between the (111) facet of the fcc plate and the (101[combining macron]0) facet of the hcp rod. This route of co-solvent induced crystal transformation provides a unique mechanistic perspective and a new direction for designing complex crystals. Furthermore, more complicated 2D C60 mesh networks, such as multi-layer hexagonal meshes, have also been rationally achieved via such a facile crystal transformation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Lei
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
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27
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Ding Y, Guo X, Qian Y, Zhang L, Xue L, Goodenough JB, Yu G. A Liquid-Metal-Enabled Versatile Organic Alkali-Ion Battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806956. [PMID: 30663151 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high specific capacity and low redox potential of alkali metals, their practical application as anodes is still limited by the inherent dendrite-growth problem. The fusible sodium-potassium (Na-K) liquid metal alloy is an alternative that detours this drawback, but the fundamental understanding of charge transport in this binary electroactive alloy anode remains elusive. Here, comprehensive characterization, accompanied with density function theory (DFT) calculations, jointly expound the Na-K anode-based battery working mechanism. With the organic cathode sodium rhodizonate dibasic (SR) that has negligible selectivity toward cations, the charge carrier is screened by electrolytes due to the selective ionic pathways in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Stable cycling for this Na-K/SR battery is achieved with capacity retention per cycle to be 99.88% as a sodium-ion battery (SIB) and 99.70% as a potassium-ion battery (PIB) for over 100 cycles. Benefitting from the flexibility of the liquid metal and the specially designed carbon nanofiber (CNF)/SR layer-by-layer cathode, a flexible dendrite-free alkali-ion battery is achieved with an ultrahigh areal capacity of 2.1 mAh cm-2 . Computation-guided materials selection, characterization-supported mechanistic understanding, and self-validating battery performance collectively promise the prospect of a high-performance, dendrite-free, and versatile organic-based liquid metal battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Leigang Xue
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - John B Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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28
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Zhao X, Liu T, Liu H, Wang S, Li X, Zhang Y, Hou X, Liu Z, Shi W, Dennis TJS. Organic Single-Crystalline p-n Heterojunctions for High-Performance Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistors and Broadband Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42715-42722. [PMID: 30398337 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting single crystals are ideal building blocks for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photodetectors (OPDs) because they can potentially exhibit the best charge transport and photoelectric properties in organic materials. Nevertheless, it is usual for single-crystal OFETs to be built from one kind of organic material in which the dominant transport is either electron or hole; such OFETs show unipolar charge transport. Furthermore, single-crystal OPDs present high performance only in restricted regions because of the limited absorption of one-component single crystals. In an ideal situation, devices which comprise both electron- and hole-transporting single crystals with complementary absorptions, such as single-crystalline p-n heterojunctions (SCHJs), can permit broadband photoresponse and ambipolar charge transport. In this paper, a solution-processing crystallization strategy to prepare an SCHJ composed of C60 and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-PEN) was shown. These SCHJs demonstrated ambipolar charge-transport characteristics in OFETs with a balanced performance of 2.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 for electron mobility and 2.7 cm2 V-1 s-1 for hole mobility. This demonstration is the first of single-crystal OFETs in which both electron and hole mobilities were over 2.5 cm2 V-1 s-1. OPDs fabricated upon as-prepared SCHJs exhibited highly sensitive photoconductive properties ranging from ultraviolet to visible and further to near-infrared regions as a result of complementary absorption between C60 and TIPS-PEN, thereby attaining photoresponsivities that are among the highest reported values within the OPDs. This work would provide valuable references for developing novel SCHJ systems to achieve significant progress in high-performance ambipolar OFETs and broadband OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , E1 4NS London , U.K
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , E1 4NS London , U.K
| | - Hongli Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , 300072 Tianjin , China
| | - Shirong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , 300072 Tianjin , China
| | - Xianggao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , 300072 Tianjin , China
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , 300072 Tianjin , China
| | - Xueyan Hou
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , E1 4NS London , U.K
| | - Zilu Liu
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , E1 4NS London , U.K
| | - Wenda Shi
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , E1 4NS London , U.K
| | - T John S Dennis
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , E1 4NS London , U.K
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29
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Zhang X, Dong H, Hu W. Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals for Electronics and Photonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801048. [PMID: 30039629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting single crystals (OSSCs) are ideal candidates for the construction of high-performance optoelectronic devices/circuits and a great platform for fundamental research due to their long-range order, absence of grain boundaries, and extremely low defect density. Impressive improvements have recently been made in organic optoelectronics: the charge-carrier mobility is now over 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 and the fluorescence efficiency reaches 90% for many OSSCs. Moreover, high mobility and strong emission can be integrated into a single OSSC, for example, showing a mobility of up to 34 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a photoluminescence yield of 41.2%. These achievements are attributed to the rational design and synthesis of organic semiconductors as well as improvements in preparation technology for crystals, which accelerate the application of OSSCs in devices and circuits, such as organic field-effect transistors, organic photodetectors, organic photovoltaics, organic light-emitting diodes, organic light-emitting transistors, and even electrically pumped organic lasers. In this context, an overview of these fantastic advancements in terms of the fundamental insights into developing high-performance organic semiconductors, efficient strategies for yielding desirable high-quality OSSCs, and their applications in optoelectronic devices and circuits is presented. Finally, an overview of the development of OSSCs along with current challenges and future research directions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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30
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Zhang X, Mao J, Deng W, Xu X, Huang L, Zhang X, Lee ST, Jie J. Precise Patterning of Laterally Stacked Organic Microbelt Heterojunction Arrays by Surface-Energy-Controlled Stepwise Crystallization for Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800187. [PMID: 29808488 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) combining single-crystalline p- and n-type organic micro/nanocrystals have demonstrated superior performance to their amorphous or polycrystalline thin-film counterparts. However, large-area alignment and precise patterning of organic micro/nanocrystals for ambipolar OFETs remain challenges. Here, a surface-energy-controlled stepwise crystallization (SECSC) method is reported for large-scale, aligned, and precise patterning of single-crystalline laterally stacked p-n heterojunction microbelt (MB) arrays. In this method, the p- and n-type organic crystals are precipitated via a stepwise process: first, the lateral sides of prepatterned photoresist stripes provide high-surface-energy sites to guide the aligned growth of p-type organic crystals. Next, the formed p-type crystals serve as new high-surface-energy positions to induce the crystallization of n-type organic molecules at their sides, thus leading to the formation of laterally stacked p-n microbelts. Ambipolar OFETs based on the p-n heterojunction MB arrays exhibit balanced hole and electron mobilities of 0.32 and 0.43 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively, enabling the fabrication of complementary-like inverters with large voltage gains. This work paves the way toward rational design and construction of single-crystalline organic p-n heterojunction arrays for high-performance organic, integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Mao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liming Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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31
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Wu X, Mao S, Chen J, Huang J. Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sensors Based on Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705642. [PMID: 29377431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have been extensively studied as sensing channel materials in field-effect transistors due to their unique charge transport properties. Stimulation caused by its environmental conditions can readily change the charge-carrier density and mobility of OSCs. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) can act as both signal transducers and signal amplifiers, which greatly simplifies the device structure. Over the past decades, various sensors based on OFETs have been developed, including physical sensors, chemical sensors, biosensors, and integrated sensor arrays with advanced functionalities. However, the performance of OFET-based sensors still needs to be improved to meet the requirements from various practical applications, such as high sensitivity, high selectivity, and rapid response speed. Tailoring molecular structures and micro/nanofilm structures of OSCs is a vital strategy for achieving better sensing performance. Modification of the dielectric layer and the semiconductor/dielectric interface is another approach for improving the sensor performance. Moreover, advanced sensory functionalities have been achieved by developing integrated device arrays. Here, a brief review of strategies used for improving the performance of OFET sensors is presented, which is expected to inspire and provide guidance for the design of future OFET sensors for various specific and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Shun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Junhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Jia Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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32
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Cui N, Ren H, Tang Q, Zhao X, Tong Y, Hu W, Liu Y. Fully transparent conformal organic thin-film transistor array and its application as LED front driving. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3613-3620. [PMID: 29384161 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A fully transparent conformal organic thin-film field-effect transistor array is demonstrated based on a photolithography-compatible ultrathin metallic grid gate electrode and a solution-processed C8-BTBT film. The resulting organic field-effect transistor array exhibits a high optical transparency of >80% over the visible spectrum, mobility up to 2 cm2 V-1 s-1, on/off ratio of 105-106, switching current of >0.1 mA, and excellent light stability. The transparent conformal transistor array is demonstrated to adhere well to flat and curved LEDs as front driving. These results present promising applications of the solution-processed wide-bandgap organic semiconductor thin films in future large-scale transparent conformal active-matrix displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cui
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
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33
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Abstract
A comprehensive overview of organic semiconductor crystals is provided, including the physicochemical features, the control of crystallization and the device physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO)
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Wenping Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
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34
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Wu SL, Huang YF, Hsieh CT, Lai BH, Tseng PS, Ou JT, Liao ST, Chou SY, Wu KY, Wang CL. Roles of 3-Ethylrhodanine in Attaining Highly Ordered Crystal Arrays of Ambipolar Diketopyrrolopyrrole Oligomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14967-14973. [PMID: 28398714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Until now, only limited DPP oligomers delivered ambipolar semiconductor characteristics. To develop a facile strategy of preparing ambipolar mono-DPP oligomers, two dithienyl diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPT) based-conjugated molecules, DPPT-RD and DPPT-DCV, which contain 3-ethylrhodanine (RD) and dicyano-2-vinyl (DCV) end substituents were synthesized. The influences of the -RD end substituents on the molecular properties, solid-state morphology, and OFET performances of the DPPT oligomer were investigated. The UV-vis absorption and CV results showed that the RD end substituents provide the DPPT oligomer suitable EHOMO and ELUMO for hole and electron injection from the Au source-drain electrodes. Moreover, the RD end substituents also improve the crystalline nature of the DPPT oligomer. That is, DPPT-RD can form crystal arrays with good lattice orientation, larger crystalline size, and without polymorphism. With those properties, DPPT-RD thus display ambipolar characteristic with μh and μe reaching 2.16 × 10-2 and 7.27 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Lien Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sen Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Tsen Ou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ting Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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35
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Wu J, Li Q, Xue G, Chen H, Li H. Preparation of Single-Crystalline Heterojunctions for Organic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606101. [PMID: 28234418 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystalline heterojunctions are composed of different single crystals interfaced together. The intrinsic highly ordered heterostructure in these multicomponent solids holds the capacity for multifunctions, as well as superior charge-transporting properties, promising high-performance electronic applications such as ambipolar transistors and solar cells. However, this kind of heterojunction is not easily available and the preparation methods need to be developed. Recent advances in the efficient strategies that have emerged in yielding high-quality single-crystalline heterojunctions are highlighted here. The advantages and limitations of each strategy are also discussed. The obtained single-crystalline heterojunctions have started to exhibit rich physical properties, including metallic conduction, photovoltaic effects, and so on. Further structural optimization of the heterojunctions to accommodate the electronic device configuration is necessary to significantly advance this research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qinfen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guobiao Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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36
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Enhanced performance of field-effect transistors based on C60 single crystals with conjugated polyelectrolyte. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-9018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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37
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Park KS, Baek J, Park Y, Lee L, Hyon J, Koo Lee YE, Shrestha NK, Kang Y, Sung MM. Heterogeneous Monolithic Integration of Single-Crystal Organic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603285. [PMID: 27885700 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manufacturing high-performance organic electronic circuits requires the effective heterogeneous integration of different nanoscale organic materials with uniform morphology and high crystallinity in a desired arrangement. In particular, the development of high-performance organic electronic and optoelectronic devices relies on high-quality single crystals that show optimal intrinsic charge-transport properties and electrical performance. Moreover, the heterogeneous integration of organic materials on a single substrate in a monolithic way is highly demanded for the production of fundamental organic electronic components as well as complex integrated circuits. Many of the various methods that have been designed to pattern multiple heterogeneous organic materials on a substrate and the heterogeneous integration of organic single crystals with their crystal growth are described here. Critical issues that have been encountered in the development of high-performance organic integrated electronics are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jangmi Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Lynn Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jinho Hyon
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | | | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Myung Mo Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
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38
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Fu B, Hou X, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li R, Shao X, Hu W. A bowl-shaped sumanene derivative with dense convex–concave columnar packing for high-performance organic field-effect transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11407-11409. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The charge carrier mobility of a sumanene derivative was probed using single-crystal field-effect transistors for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xueqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Cong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin
- China
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39
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Huang ZT, Xue GB, Wu JK, Liu S, Li HB, Yang YH, Yan F, Chan PK, Chen HZ, Li HY. Electron transport in solution-grown TIPS-pentacene single crystals: Effects of gate dielectrics and polar impurities. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Li QF, Liu S, Chen HZ, Li HY. Alignment and patterning of organic single crystals for field-effect transistors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Zhang X, Jie J, Deng W, Shang Q, Wang J, Wang H, Chen X, Zhang X. Alignment and Patterning of Ordered Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductor Micro-/Nanocrystals for Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2475-503. [PMID: 26813697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Large-area alignment and patterning of small-molecule organic semiconductor micro-/nanocrystals (SMOSNs) at desired locations is a prerequisite for their practical device applications. Recent strategies for alignment and patterning of ordered SMOSNs and their corresponding device applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qixun Shang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom, BD7 1DP
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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42
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Ren J, Huang B, Chen L, Liu Y, Ye T, Liu W, Jin X, Xu ZK, Chen H, Li H. Constructing bulk-contact inside single crystals of organic semiconductors through gel incorporation. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Xu X, Xiao T, Gu X, Yang X, Kershaw SV, Zhao N, Xu J, Miao Q. Solution-Processed Ambipolar Organic Thin-Film Transistors by Blending p- and n-Type Semiconductors: Solid Solution versus Microphase Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28019-26. [PMID: 25886029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report solid solution of p- and n-type organic semiconductors as a new type of p-n blend for solution-processed ambipolar organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). This study compares the solid-solution films of silylethynylated tetraazapentacene 1 (acceptor) and silylethynylated pentacene 2 (donor) with the microphase-separated films of 1 and 3, a heptagon-embedded analogue of 2. It is found that the solid solutions of (1)x(2)1-x function as ambipolar semiconductors, whose hole and electron mobilities are tunable by varying the ratio of 1 and 2 in the solid solution. The OTFTs of (1)0.5(2)0.5 exhibit relatively balanced hole and electron mobilities comparable to the highest values as reported for ambipolar OTFTs of stoichiometric donor-acceptor cocrystals and microphase-separated p-n bulk heterojunctions. The solid solution of (1)0.5(2)0.5 and the microphase-separated blend of 1:3 (0.5:0.5) in OTFTs exhibit different responses to light in terms of absorption and photoeffect of OTFTs because the donor and acceptor are mixed at molecular level with π-π stacking in the solid solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen V Kershaw
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Yao W, Han G, Huang F, Chu M, Peng Q, Hu F, Yi Y, Jiang H, Yao J, Zhao YS. "H"-like Organic Nanowire Heterojunctions Constructed from Cooperative Molecular Assembly for Photonic Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500130. [PMID: 27980915 PMCID: PMC5115343 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
"H"-like organic nanowire heterojunctions with two parallel 2-acetyl-6-dimethylamino-naphthalene wires vertically bridged by one 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole wire are prepared via cooperative molecular assembly in liquid phase. The exciton conversion at the junction interfaces is beneficial for the design of multichannel light-controlled photo-switches. The results provide better understanding of molecular assembly toward specific structures and open up new prospects for the creation of novel photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Fu Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Manman Chu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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45
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Li Y, Ji D, Liu J, Yao Y, Fu X, Zhu W, Xu C, Dong H, Li J, Hu W. Quick Fabrication of Large-area Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays with a Rapid Annealing Self-Solution-Shearing Method. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13195. [PMID: 26282460 PMCID: PMC4539534 DOI: 10.1038/srep13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a new method to produce large-area single crystal arrays by using the organic semiconductor 9, 10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene (BPEA). This method involves an easy operation, is efficient, meets the demands of being low-cost and is independent of the substrate for large-area arrays fabrication. Based on these single crystal arrays, the organic field effect transistors exhibit the superior performance with the average mobility extracting from the saturation region of 0.2 cm2 V−1s−1 (the highest 0.47 cm2 V−1s−1) and on/off ratio exceeding 105. In addition, our single crystal arrays also show a very high photoswitch performance with an on/off current ratio up to 4.1 × 105, which is one of the highest values reported for organic materials. It is believed that this method provides a new way to fabricate single crystal arrays and has the potential for application to large area organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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46
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Wu KY, Wu TY, Chang ST, Hsu CS, Wang CL. A Facile PDMS-Assisted Crystallization for the Crystal-Engineering of C60 Single-Crystal Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4371-4376. [PMID: 26088050 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-assisted crystallization (PAC) is a facile method to produce oriented C60 crystal arrays. Changing the drying mechanism from evaporation to solvent absorption (by PDMS) widens the solvent selection and facilitates the engineering of both the macroscopic shape and the microscopic lattice structure of the crystal arrays. The method also shows the potential to be applied to other organic semiconductors and large-area production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30010
| | - Tzu-Yi Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30010
| | - Shu-Ting Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30010
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30010
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30010
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47
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Wu J, Fan C, Xue G, Ye T, Liu S, Lin R, Chen H, Xin HL, Xiong RG, Li H. Interfacing Solution-Grown C 60 and (3-Pyrrolinium)(CdCl 3 ) Single Crystals for High-Mobility Transistor-Based Memory Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4476-4480. [PMID: 26134482 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aligned ferroelectric single crystals of (3-pyrrolinium)(CdCl3 ) can be prepared from solution on top of aligned semiconducting C60 single crystals using an orthogonal solvent. Memory devices based on these ferroelectric/semiconductor bilayered heterojunctions exhibit much larger hysteresis compared with that of only C60 single crystals. More importantly, the introduction of the ferroelectric layer induces the memory window without dramatically reducing the charge mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Congcheng Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Guobiao Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Tao Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
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48
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Li Z, Liu Z, Sun H, Gao C. Superstructured Assembly of Nanocarbons: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Graphene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7046-117. [PMID: 26168245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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49
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Large-scale fabrication of field-effect transistors based on solution-grown organic single crystals. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Li Q, Duan Y, Gao HZ, Su ZМ, Geng Y. Theoretical investigations into the electronic structures and electron transport properties of fluorine and carbonyl end-functionalized quarterthiophenes. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 59:50-8. [PMID: 25909689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we concentrate on systematic investigation on the fluorination and carbonylation effect on electron transport properties of thiophene-based materials with the aim of seeking and designing electron transport materials. Some relative factors, namely, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), vertical electron affinity (VEA), electron reorganization energy (λele), electron transfer integral (tele), electron drift mobility (μele) and band structures have been calculated and discussed based on density functional theory. The results show that the introduction of fluorine atoms and carbonyl group especially for the latter could effectively increase EA and reduce λele, which is beneficial to the improvement of electron transport performance. Furthermore, these introductions could also affect the tele by changing molecular packing manner and distribution of FMO. Finally, according to our calculation, the 3d system is considered to be a promising electron transport material with small λele, high electron transport ability and good ambient stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuai Duan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ze Gao
- Fundamental Department, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy, Langfang 065000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Мin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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