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Oh S, Lee S, Kim SW, Kim CY, Jeong EY, Lee J, Kwon DA, Jeong JW. Softening implantable bioelectronics: Material designs, applications, and future directions. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116328. [PMID: 38692223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Implantable bioelectronics, integrated directly within the body, represent a potent biomedical solution for monitoring and treating a range of medical conditions, including chronic diseases, neural disorders, and cardiac conditions, through personalized medical interventions. Nevertheless, contemporary implantable bioelectronics rely heavily on rigid materials (e.g., inorganic materials and metals), leading to inflammatory responses and tissue damage due to a mechanical mismatch with biological tissues. Recently, soft electronics with mechanical properties comparable to those of biological tissues have been introduced to alleviate fatal immune responses and improve tissue conformity. Despite their myriad advantages, substantial challenges persist in surgical handling and precise positioning due to their high compliance. To surmount these obstacles, softening implantable bioelectronics has garnered significant attention as it embraces the benefits of both rigid and soft bioelectronics. These devices are rigid for easy standalone implantation, transitioning to a soft state in vivo in response to environmental stimuli, which effectively overcomes functional/biological problems inherent in the static mechanical properties of conventional implants. This article reviews recent research and development in softening materials and designs for implantable bioelectronics. Examples featuring tissue-penetrating and conformal softening devices highlight the promising potential of these approaches in biomedical applications. A concluding section delves into current challenges and outlines future directions for softening implantable device technologies, underscoring their pivotal role in propelling the evolution of next-generation bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Simok Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Yeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Do A Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Lee G, Li S, Hu Z, Zhao K, Rogers JA. Advances in Bioresorbable Materials and Electronics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11722-11773. [PMID: 37729090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Transient electronic systems represent an emerging class of technology that is defined by an ability to fully or partially dissolve, disintegrate, or otherwise disappear at controlled rates or triggered times through engineered chemical or physical processes after a required period of operation. This review highlights recent advances in materials chemistry that serve as the foundations for a subclass of transient electronics, bioresorbable electronics, that is characterized by an ability to resorb (or, equivalently, to absorb) in a biological environment. The primary use cases are in systems designed to insert into the human body, to provide sensing and/or therapeutic functions for timeframes aligned with natural biological processes. Mechanisms of bioresorption then harmlessly eliminate the devices, and their associated load on and risk to the patient, without the need of secondary removal surgeries. The core content focuses on the chemistry of the enabling electronic materials, spanning organic and inorganic compounds to hybrids and composites, along with their mechanisms of chemical reaction in biological environments. Following discussions highlight the use of these materials in bioresorbable electronic components, sensors, power supplies, and in integrated diagnostic and therapeutic systems formed using specialized methods for fabrication and assembly. A concluding section summarizes opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhang
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Geumbee Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shuo Li
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ziying Hu
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaiyu Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Corsi M, Paghi A, Mariani S, Golinelli G, Debrassi A, Egri G, Leo G, Vandini E, Vilella A, Dähne L, Giuliani D, Barillaro G. Bioresorbable Nanostructured Chemical Sensor for Monitoring of pH Level In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202062. [PMID: 35618637 PMCID: PMC9353472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, the authors report on the manufacturing and in vivo assessment of a bioresorbable nanostructured pH sensor. The sensor consists of a micrometer-thick porous silica membrane conformably coated layer-by-layer with a nanometer-thick multilayer stack of two polyelectrolytes labeled with a pH-insensitive fluorophore. The sensor fluorescence changes linearly with the pH value in the range 4 to 7.5 upon swelling/shrinking of the polymer multilayer and enables performing real-time measurements of the pH level with high stability, reproducibility, and accuracy, over 100 h of continuous operation. In vivo studies carried out implanting the sensor in the subcutis on the back of mice confirm real-time monitoring of the local pH level through skin. Full degradation of the pH sensor occurs in one week from implant in the animal model, and its biocompatibility after 2 months is confirmed by histological and fluorescence analyses. The proposed approach can be extended to the detection of other (bio)markers in vivo by engineering the functionality of one (at least) of the polyelectrolytes with suitable receptors, thus paving the way to implantable bioresorbable chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Corsi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di Pisavia G. Caruso 16Pisa56122Italy
| | - Alessandro Paghi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di Pisavia G. Caruso 16Pisa56122Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di Pisavia G. Caruso 16Pisa56122Italy
| | - Giulia Golinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & AdultsUniversity‐Hospital of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia del Pozzo 71Modena41124Italy
| | - Aline Debrassi
- Surflay Nanotec GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 312489BerlinGermany
| | - Gabriella Egri
- Surflay Nanotec GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 312489BerlinGermany
| | - Giuseppina Leo
- Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emiliavia G. Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Eleonora Vandini
- Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emiliavia G. Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Antonietta Vilella
- Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emiliavia G. Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Lars Dähne
- Surflay Nanotec GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 312489BerlinGermany
| | - Daniela Giuliani
- Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emiliavia G. Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di Pisavia G. Caruso 16Pisa56122Italy
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Kwon J, DelRe C, Kang P, Hall A, Arnold D, Jayapurna I, Ma L, Michalek M, Ritchie RO, Xu T. Conductive Ink with Circular Life Cycle for Printed Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202177. [PMID: 35580071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste carries energetic costs and an environmental burden rivaling that of plastic waste due to the rarity and toxicity of the heavy-metal components. Recyclable conductive composites are introduced for printed circuits formulated with polycaprolactone (PCL), conductive fillers, and enzyme/protectant nanoclusters. Circuits can be printed with flexibility (breaking strain ≈80%) and conductivity (≈2.1 × 104 S m-1 ). These composites are degraded at the end of life by immersion in warm water with programmable latency. Approximately 94% of the functional fillers can be recycled and reused with similar device performance. The printed circuits remain functional and degradable after shelf storage for at least 7 months at room temperature and one month of continuous operation under electrical voltage. The present studies provide composite design toward recyclable and easily disposable printed electronics for applications such as wearable electronics, biosensors, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpyo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher DelRe
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Philjun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aaron Hall
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Arnold
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ivan Jayapurna
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Le Ma
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew Michalek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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5
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Pandey S, Mastrangelo C. Towards Transient Electronics through Heat Triggered Shattering of Off-the-Shelf Electronic Chips. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020242. [PMID: 35208366 PMCID: PMC8877697 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
With most of the critical data being stored in silicon (Si) based electronic devices, there is a need to develop such devices with a transient nature. Here, we have focused on developing a programmable and controllable heat triggered shattering transience mechanism for any off-the-shelf (OTS) Si microchip as a means to develop transient electronics which can then be safely and rapidly disabled on trigger when desired. This transience mechanism is based on irreversible and spontaneous propagation of cracks that are patterned on the back of the OTS chip in the form of grooves and then filled with thermally expandable (TE) material. Two types of TE materials were used in this study, commercially available microsphere particles and a developed elastomeric material. These materials expand >100 times their original volume on the application of heat which applies wedging stress of the groove boundaries and induces crack propagation resulting in the complete shattering of the OTS Si chip into tiny silicon pieces. Transience was controlled by temperature and can be triggered at ~160–190 °C. We also demonstrated the programmability of critical parameters such as transience time (0.35–12 s) and transience efficiency (5–60%) without the knowledge of material properties by modeling the swelling behavior using linear viscoelastic models.
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6
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Shin JW, Chan Choe J, Lee JH, Han WB, Jang TM, Ko GJ, Yang SM, Kim YG, Joo J, Lim BH, Park E, Hwang SW. Biologically Safe, Degradable Self-Destruction System for On-Demand, Programmable Transient Electronics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19310-19320. [PMID: 34843199 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The lifetime of transient electronic components can be programmed via the use of encapsulation/passivation layers or of on-demand, stimuli-responsive polymers (heat, light, or chemicals), but yet most research is limited to slow dissolution rate, hazardous constituents, or byproducts, or complicated synthesis of reactants. Here we present a physicochemical destruction system with dissolvable, nontoxic materials as an efficient, multipurpose platform, where chemically produced bubbles rapidly collapse device structures and acidic molecules accelerate dissolution of functional traces. Extensive studies of composites based on biodegradable polymers (gelatin and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and harmless blowing agents (organic acid and bicarbonate salt) validate the capability for the desired system. Integration with wearable/recyclable electronic components, fast-degradable device layouts, and wireless microfluidic devices highlights potential applicability toward versatile/multifunctional transient systems. In vivo toxicity tests demonstrate biological safety of the proposed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Choe
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Jin Ko
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Gyeong Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesun Joo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hee Lim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Park
- Department of Medical and Mechatronics Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22, Soonchunhyang-ro, Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Mittal N, Ojanguren A, Niederberger M, Lizundia E. Degradation Behavior, Biocompatibility, Electrochemical Performance, and Circularity Potential of Transient Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004814. [PMID: 34194934 PMCID: PMC8224425 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient technology seeks the development of materials, devices, or systems that undergo controlled degradation processes after a stable operation period, leaving behind harmless residues. To enable externally powered fully transient devices operating for longer periods compared to passive devices, transient batteries are needed. Albeit transient batteries are initially intended for biomedical applications, they represent an effective solution to circumvent the current contaminant leakage into the environment. Transient technology enables a more efficient recycling as it enhances material retrieval rates, limiting both human and environmental exposures to the hazardous pollutants present in conventional batteries. Little efforts are focused to catalog and understand the degradation characteristics of transient batteries. As the energy field is a property-driven science, not only electrochemical performance but also their degradation behavior plays a pivotal role in defining the specific end-use applications. The state-of-the-art transient batteries are critically reviewed with special emphasis on the degradation mechanisms, transiency time, and biocompatibility of the released degradation products. The potential of transient batteries to change the current paradigm that considers batteries as harmful waste is highlighted. Overall, transient batteries are ready for takeoff and hold a promising future to be a frontrunner in the uptake of circular economy concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Mittal
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Alazne Ojanguren
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
- Life Cycle Thinking GroupDepartment of Graphic Design and Engineering ProjectsFaculty of Engineering in BilbaoUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Bilbao48013Spain
- BCMaterialsBasque Center for MaterialsApplications and NanostructuresUPV/EHU Science ParkLeioa48940Spain
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8
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Hosseini E, Dervin S, Ganguly P, Dahiya R. Biodegradable Materials for Sustainable Health Monitoring Devices. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:163-194. [PMID: 33842859 PMCID: PMC8022537 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of biodegradable materials has offered huge opportunity to transform healthcare technologies by enabling sensors that degrade naturally after use. The implantable electronic systems made from such materials eliminate the need for extraction or reoperation, minimize chronic inflammatory responses, and hence offer attractive propositions for future biomedical technology. The eco-friendly sensor systems developed from degradable materials could also help mitigate some of the major environmental issues by reducing the volume of electronic or medical waste produced and, in turn, the carbon footprint. With this background, herein we present a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional biodegradable materials that have been used for various biodegradable or bioresorbable electronic devices. The discussion focuses on the dissolution rates and degradation mechanisms of materials such as natural and synthetic polymers, organic or inorganic semiconductors, and hydrolyzable metals. The recent trend and examples of biodegradable or bioresorbable materials-based sensors for body monitoring, diagnostic, and medical therapeutic applications are also presented. Lastly, key technological challenges are discussed for clinical application of biodegradable sensors, particularly for implantable devices with wireless data and power transfer. Promising perspectives for the advancement of future generation of biodegradable sensor systems are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh
S. Hosseini
- Bendable Electronics and
Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Saoirse Dervin
- Bendable Electronics and
Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Priyanka Ganguly
- Bendable Electronics and
Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and
Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K.
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9
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Han WB, Lee JH, Shin JW, Hwang SW. Advanced Materials and Systems for Biodegradable, Transient Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002211. [PMID: 32974973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Transient electronics refers to an emerging class of advanced technology, defined by an ability to chemically or physically dissolve, disintegrate, and degrade in actively or passively controlled fashions to leave environmentally and physiologically harmless by-products in environments, particularly in bio-fluids or aqueous solutions. The unusual properties that are opposite to operational modes in conventional electronics for a nearly infinite time frame offer unprecedented opportunities in research areas of eco-friendly electronics, temporary biomedical implants, data-secure hardware systems, and others. This review highlights the developments of transient electronics, including materials, manufacturing strategies, electronic components, and transient kinetics, along with various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Bae Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ding S, Jiang Z, Chen F, Fu L, Lv Y, Qian Y, Zhao S. Intrinsically Stretchable, Transient Conductors from a Composite Material of Ag Flakes and Gelatin Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27572-27577. [PMID: 32453541 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient conductors are one of the most important components in transient electronics, which attract great attention because of their environment-friendly and biocompatible characters. To meet the requirement for wearable electronics, good stretchability and mechanical durability are needed for the transient conductors. However, it remains challenging to achieve stretchability and transient behavior simultaneously because of a lack of the proper elastomer. Herein, we demonstrate the first highly stretchable and transient conductor from a composite material of Ag flakes and gelatin hydrogel. It shows a maximum stretchability of more than 100% with minimal resistance increase and a good cyclic durability of 1000 cycles of deformation at 20%. The above mentioned good mechanical properties come from the rational design of the conductor with a seamless interface between the hydrogel and Ag flakes. When the conductor is immersed in water at 60 °C, it can be quickly dissolved within 90 s, and the transient behavior can be controlled by tuning the content of the hydrogel in the conductors and dissolving temperature. These properties make the conductor a good wiring candidate for stretchable and transient electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yahui Qian
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
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11
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La Mattina AA, Mariani S, Barillaro G. Bioresorbable Materials on the Rise: From Electronic Components and Physical Sensors to In Vivo Monitoring Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902872. [PMID: 32099766 PMCID: PMC7029671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, scientists have dreamed about the development of a bioresorbable technology that exploits a new class of electrical, optical, and sensing components able to operate in physiological conditions for a prescribed time and then disappear, being made of materials that fully dissolve in vivo with biologically benign byproducts upon external stimulation. The final goal is to engineer these components into transient implantable systems that directly interact with organs, tissues, and biofluids in real-time, retrieve clinical parameters, and provide therapeutic actions tailored to the disease and patient clinical evolution, and then biodegrade without the need for device-retrieving surgery that may cause tissue lesion or infection. Here, the major results achieved in bioresorbable technology are critically reviewed, with a bottom-up approach that starts from a rational analysis of dissolution chemistry and kinetics, and biocompatibility of bioresorbable materials, then moves to in vivo performance and stability of electrical and optical bioresorbable components, and eventually focuses on the integration of such components into bioresorbable systems for clinically relevant applications. Finally, the technology readiness levels (TRLs) achieved for the different bioresorbable devices and systems are assessed, hence the open challenges are analyzed and future directions for advancing the technology are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino A. La Mattina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di PisaVia G. Caruso 1656122PisaItaly
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di PisaVia G. Caruso 1656122PisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di PisaVia G. Caruso 1656122PisaItaly
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12
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Ding S, Cai Q, Mao J, Chen F, Fu L, Lv Y, Zhao S. Highly conductive and transient tracks based on silver flakes and a polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33112-33118. [PMID: 35515073 PMCID: PMC9056664 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient electronics have been widely researched to solve the electronic waste (E-waste) issue. Although various transient materials and devices have been reported, the fabrication technique for transient conductors always uses expensive sputtering or evaporation processes. In this study, a silver flake (AgF) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) composite is prepared for conductive and transient tracks. The AgF/PVP composite tracks are highly conductive with a resistivity of 8.9 mOhm cm after sintering at 80 °C for only 3 minutes. Impressively, the AgF/PVP tracks disintegrate in water in 3 minutes due to the fast dissolution of the water-soluble PVP. The transient behavior of the AgF/PVP tracks has potential in transient electronics as demonstrated in a light emitting diode (LED) circuit and antenna. Transient electronics have been widely researched to solve the electronic waste (E-waste) issue.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- 310018 Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Cai
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- 310018 Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jintao Mao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- 310018 Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- 310018 Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- 310018 Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- 310018 Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- 310018 Hangzhou
- P. R. China
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13
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Tu T, Liang B, Cao Q, Fang L, Zhu Q, Cai Y, Ye X. Fully transient electrochemical testing strips for eco-friendly point of care testing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7241-7250. [PMID: 35493906 PMCID: PMC9049791 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09847j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient electrochemical strips with in-time degradability offer possibility for eco-friendly POCT detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- PR China
| | - Bo Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- PR China
| | - Qingpeng Cao
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- College of Automation
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- Hangzhou 310018
- PR China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- PR China
| | - Yu Cai
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- PR China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- PR China
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14
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Liu D, Zhang S, Cheng H, Peng R, Luo Z. Thermally Triggered Vanishing Bulk Polyoxymethylene for Transient Electronics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18107. [PMID: 31792303 PMCID: PMC6888842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient materials capable of disappearing rapidly and completely are critical for transient electronics. End-capped polyoxymethylene (POM) has excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. However, research concerning the inherent thermal instability of POM without end-capping to obtain transient rather than stable materials, has never been reported. Here, POM without end-capping is proposed as a novel thermally triggered transient solid material that can vanish rapidly by undergoing conversion to a volatile gas, and a chemical vapor deposition method is developed to obtain a smooth POM substrate from the synthesized POM powder. Experimental and theoretical analysis was employed to reveal the mechanism whereby the POM substrate formed and vanished. A Cr/Au/SiO2/Cu memristor device, which was successfully deposited on the POM substrate by physical vapor deposition, exhibits bipolar resistive switching, suggesting that the POM substrate is suitable for use in electrical devices. Thermal triggering causes the POM substrate to vanish as the memristor disintegrates, confirming excellent transient performance. The deposited bulk POM material can completely vanish by thermally triggered depolymerization, and is suitable for physically transient substrates and packaging materials, demonstrating great prospects for application in transient electronics for information security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Liu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P.R. China.
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Cheng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P.R. China
| | - Renfu Peng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Luo
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P.R. China
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15
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Yang X, Zhang G, Prakash J, Chen Z, Gauthier M, Sun S. Chemical vapour deposition of graphene: layer control, the transfer process, characterisation, and related applications. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2019.1634319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Canada
| | - Gaixia Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Canada
| | - Jai Prakash
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, India
| | - Zhangsen Chen
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Canada
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Canada
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16
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Qi Q, Li Y, Qiu W, Zhang W, Shi C, Hou C, Yan W, Huang J, Yang L, Wang H, Guo W, Liu XY, Lin N. Transient bioelectrical devices inspired by a silkworm moth breaking out of its cocoon. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14254-14259. [PMID: 35519322 PMCID: PMC9064003 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient devices have attracted extensive interest because they allow changes in physical form and device function under the control of external stimuli or related commands and have very broad application prospects for information security, biomedical care and the environment. Transient bioelectrical devices were fabricated inspired by a silkworm moth breaking out of its cocoon, which has shown many advantages, including the use of mild stimulation, biocompatible materials, a simple process, and a universal strategy. For the fabrication of the transient devices, heat-sensitive microspheres with a 9.3 mol L−1 LiBr solution in wax shells were prepared by microfluidic technology, which were then assembled into silk fibroin (SF) electronic materials/devices, such as SF conductive film, an LED circuit on SF film, and a Ag/SF film/Pt/SF film memristor. The contribution from the LiBr/wax microspheres to the transient time of the SF films upon exposure to heat was quantitatively investigated. This approach was applied to transiently dissolve a flexible Ag-nanowire resistance circuit line on a SF substrate. Moreover, memristors constructed with a functional layer of SF were destroyed by melting the LiBr/wax microspheres. This technique paves the way for realizing transient bioelectrical devices inspired by biological behavior, which have been well optimized by nature via evolution. Silk fibroin-based transient devices were developed using LiBr/wax microspheres that mimic a silk cocoon protecting silkworm pupa and a juvenile moth secreting an enzyme to dissolve silk sericin and break a silk cocoon.![]()
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Schwartz JM, Gourdin G, Phillips O, Engler A, Lee J, Abdulkadir NR, Miller RC, Sutlief A, Kohl PA. Cationic polymerization of high-molecular-weight phthalaldehyde-butanal copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Schwartz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Gerald Gourdin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Oluwadamilola Phillips
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Anthony Engler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Jihyun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Niya R. Abdulkadir
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Ryan C. Miller
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Alexandra Sutlief
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Paul A. Kohl
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0100
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18
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Kwon KY, Lee JS, Ko GJ, Sunwoo SH, Lee S, Jo YJ, Choi CH, Hwang SW, Kim TI. Biosafe, Eco-Friendly Levan Polysaccharide toward Transient Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801332. [PMID: 29974639 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
New options in the material context of transient electronics are essential to create or expand potential applications and to progress in the face of technological challenges. A soft, transparent, and cost-effective polymer of levan polysaccharide that is capable of complete, programmable dissolution is described when immersed in water and implanted in an animal model. The results include chemical analysis, the kinetics of hydrolysis, and adjustable dissolution rates of levan, and a simple theoretical model of reactive diffusion governed by temperature. In vivo experiments of the levan represent nontoxicity and biocompatibility without any adverse reactions. On-demand, selective control of dissolution behaviors with an animal model demonstrates an effective triggering strategy to program the system's lifetime, providing the possibility of potential applications in envisioned areas such as bioresorbable electronic implants and drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Yoon Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Seung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Jin Ko
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyuk Sunwoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sori Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Yu X, Shou W, Mahajan BK, Huang X, Pan H. Materials, Processes, and Facile Manufacturing for Bioresorbable Electronics: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707624. [PMID: 29736971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioresorbable electronics refer to a new class of advanced electronics that can completely dissolve or disintegrate with environmentally and biologically benign byproducts in water and biofluids. They have provided a solution to the growing electronic waste problem with applications in temporary usage of electronics such as implantable devices and environmental sensors. Bioresorbable materials such as biodegradable polymers, dissolvable conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics are extensively studied, enabling massive progress of bioresorbable electronic devices. Processing and patterning of these materials are predominantly relying on vacuum-based fabrication methods so far. However, for the purpose of commercialization, nonvacuum, low-cost, and facile manufacturing/printing approaches are the need of the hour. Bioresorbable electronic materials are generally more chemically reactive than conventional electronic materials, which require particular attention in developing the low-cost manufacturing processes in ambient environment. This review focuses on material reactivity, ink availability, printability, and process compatibility for facile manufacturing of bioresorbable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
| | - Wan Shou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
| | - Bikram K Mahajan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjing, 300072, China
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
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20
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Yoon J, Han J, Choi B, Lee Y, Kim Y, Park J, Lim M, Kang MH, Kim DH, Kim DM, Kim S, Choi SJ. Three-Dimensional Printed Poly(vinyl alcohol) Substrate with Controlled On-Demand Degradation for Transient Electronics. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6006-6012. [PMID: 29791138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronics that degrade after stable operation for a desired operating time, called transient electronics, are of great interest in many fields, including biomedical implants, secure memory devices, and environmental sensors. Thus, the development of transient materials is critical for the advancement of transient electronics and their applications. However, previous reports have mostly relied on achieving transience in aqueous solutions, where the transience time is largely predetermined based on the materials initially selected at the beginning of the fabrication. Therefore, accurate control of the transience time is difficult, thereby limiting their application. In this work, we demonstrate transient electronics based on a water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) substrate on which carbon nanotube (CNT)-based field-effect transistors were fabricated. We regulated the structural parameters of the PVA substrate using a three-dimensional (3D) printer to accurately control and program the transience time of the PVA substrate in water. The 3D printing technology can produce complex objects directly, thus enabling the efficient fabrication of a transient substrate with a prescribed and controlled transience time. In addition, the 3D printer was used to develop a facile method for the selective and partial destruction of electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
| | - Jungmin Han
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
| | - Bongsik Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
| | - Yongwoo Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
| | - Yeamin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
| | - Jinhee Park
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
| | - Meehyun Lim
- Mechatronics R&D Center , Samsung Electronics , Gyeonggi-do 18448 , Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kang
- Department of Nano-process , National Nanofab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
| | - Dong Myong Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
| | - Sungho Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering , Kookmin University , Seoul 02707 , Korea
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21
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Lin HI, Shen KC, Lin SY, Haider G, Li YH, Chang SW, Chen YF. Transient and Flexible Hyperbolic Metamaterials on Freeform Surfaces. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9469. [PMID: 29930247 PMCID: PMC6013475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient technology is deemed as a paramount breakthrough for its particular functionality that can be implemented at a specific time and then totally dissolved. Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) with high wave-vector modes for negative refraction or with high photonic density of states to robustly enhance the quantum transformation efficiency represent one of the emerging key elements for generating not-yet realized optoelectronics devices. However, HMMs has not been explored for implementing in transient technology. Here we show the first attempt to integrate transient technology with HMMs, i.e., transient HMMs, composed of multilayers of water-soluble and bio-compatible polymer and metal. We demonstrate that our newly designed transient HMMs can also possess high-k modes and high photonic density of states, which enables to dramatically enhance the light emitter covered on top of HMMs. We show that these transient HMMs devices loss their functionalities after immersing into deionized water within 5 min. Moreover, when the transient HMMs are integrated with a flexible substrate, the device exhibits an excellent mechanical stability for more than 3000 bending cycles. We anticipate that the transient HMMs developed here can serve as a versatile platform to advance transient technology for a wide range of application, including solid state lighting, optical communication, and wearable optoelectronic devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-I Lin
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ching Shen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Golam Haider
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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22
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Chen Y, Lu H, Xiu F, Sun T, Ding Y, Liu J, Huang W. Transient Light Emitting Devices Based on Soluble Polymer Composites. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6408. [PMID: 29686317 PMCID: PMC5913138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Building transient electronics are promising and emerging strategy to alleviate the pollution issues from electronic waste (e-waste). Although a variety of transient devices comprising organic and inorganic materials have been described, transient light emitting devices are still elusive but highly desirable because of the huge amount of lighting and display related consumer electronics. Here we report a simple and efficient fabrication of large-area flexible transient alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) device through a full-solution processing method. Using transparent flexible AgNW-polymer as both electrodes, the devices exhibit high flexibility and both ends side light emission, with the features of controlled size and patterned structure. By modulating the mass ratio of blue and yellow phosphors, the emission color is changed from white to blue. Impressively, the fabricated ACEL device can be thoroughly dissolved in water within 30 min. Our strategy combining such advances in transient light emitting devices with simple structure, widely used materials, full solution process, and high solubility will demonstrate great potential in resolving the e-waste from abandoned light-emitting products and expand the opportunities for air-stable flexible light emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fei Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yamei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), SICAM, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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23
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Gao Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Sim K, Liu J, Chen J, Feng X, Xu H, Yu C. Moisture-triggered physically transient electronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701222. [PMID: 28879237 PMCID: PMC5580884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Physically transient electronics, a form of electronics that can physically disappear in a controllable manner, is very promising for emerging applications. Most of the transient processes reported so far only occur in aqueous solutions or biofluids, offering limited control over the triggering and degradation processes. We report novel moisture-triggered physically transient electronics, which exempt the needs of resorption solutions and can completely disappear within well-controlled time frames. The triggered transient process starts with the hydrolysis of the polyanhydride substrate in the presence of trace amounts of moisture in the air, a process that can generate products of corrosive organic acids to digest various inorganic electronic materials and components. Polyanhydride is the only example of polymer that undergoes surface erosion, a distinct feature that enables stable operation of the functional devices over a predefined time frame. Clear advantages of this novel triggered transience mode include that the lifetime of the devices can be precisely controlled by varying the moisture levels and changing the composition of the polymer substrate. The transience time scale can be tuned from days to weeks. Various transient devices, ranging from passive electronics (such as antenna, resistor, and capacitor) to active electronics (such as transistor, diodes, optoelectronics, and memories), and an integrated system as a platform demonstration have been developed to illustrate the concept and verify the feasibility of this design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS (Chinese Academy of Science) Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kyoseung Sim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jingshen Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS (Chinese Academy of Science) Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Corresponding author. (H.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.X.); (C.Y.)
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24
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Dickerson MB, Dennis PB, Tondiglia VP, Nadeau LJ, Singh KM, Drummy LF, Partlow BP, Brown DP, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL, Naik RR. 3D Printing of Regenerated Silk Fibroin and Antibody-Containing Microstructures via Multiphoton Lithography. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2064-2075. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Dickerson
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Patrick B. Dennis
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Vincent P. Tondiglia
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Lloyd J. Nadeau
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Kristi M. Singh
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Lawrence F. Drummy
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Partlow
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Dean P. Brown
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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25
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Materials and processing approaches for foundry-compatible transient electronics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5522-E5529. [PMID: 28652373 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707849114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foundry-based routes to transient silicon electronic devices have the potential to serve as the manufacturing basis for "green" electronic devices, biodegradable implants, hardware secure data storage systems, and unrecoverable remote devices. This article introduces materials and processing approaches that enable state-of-the-art silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundries to be leveraged for high-performance, water-soluble forms of electronics. The key elements are (i) collections of biodegradable electronic materials (e.g., silicon, tungsten, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide) and device architectures that are compatible with manufacturing procedures currently used in the integrated circuit industry, (ii) release schemes and transfer printing methods for integration of multiple ultrathin components formed in this way onto biodegradable polymer substrates, and (iii) planarization and metallization techniques to yield interconnected and fully functional systems. Various CMOS devices and circuit elements created in this fashion and detailed measurements of their electrical characteristics highlight the capabilities. Accelerated dissolution studies in aqueous environments reveal the chemical kinetics associated with the underlying transient behaviors. The results demonstrate the technical feasibility for using foundry-based routes to sophisticated forms of transient electronic devices, with functional capabilities and cost structures that could support diverse applications in the biomedical, military, industrial, and consumer industries.
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26
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Gao Y, Sim K, Yan X, Jiang J, Xie J, Yu C. Thermally Triggered Mechanically Destructive Electronics Based On Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibrous Polymer Films. Sci Rep 2017; 7:947. [PMID: 28424469 PMCID: PMC5430441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronics, which functions for a designed time period and then degrades or destructs, holds promise in medical implants, reconfigurable electronic devices and/or temporary functional systems. Here we report a thermally triggered mechanically destructive device, which is constructed with an ultra-thin electronic components supported by an electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibrous polymer substrate. Upon heated over the melting temperature of the polymer, the pores of the nanofibers collapse due to the nanofibers' microscopic polymer chain relaxing and packing. As a result, the polymer substrate exhibits approximately 97.5% area reduction. Ultra-thin electronic components can therefore be destructed concurrently. Furthermore, by integrating a thin resistive heater as the thermal trigger of Joule heating, the device is able to on-demand destruct. The experiment and analytical results illustrate the essential aspects and theoretical understanding for the thermally triggered mechanical destructive devices. The strategy suggests a viable route for designing destructive electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA. .,School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Kyoseung Sim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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27
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Zhou F, Wu B, Dong HL, Xu QF, He JH, Li YY, Jiang J, Lu JM. The Application of a Small-Molecule-Based Ternary Memory Device in Transient Thermal-Probing Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604162. [PMID: 27882609 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A small-molecule-based ternary memory device is used in transient thermal-probing electronics. The PYAE-based memory device is featured with three electrical transition signals ("0," "1," and "2"), while the heated PYAE-based device is only characterized by two electrical transition signals ("1" and "2"). The organic layer of the used devices can be recovered and reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hui-Long Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing-Feng Xu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing-Hui He
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - You-Yong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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28
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Xi H, Chen D, Lv L, Zhong P, Lin Z, Chang J, Wang H, Wang B, Ma X, Zhang C. High performance transient organic solar cells on biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol composite substrates. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically transient organic solar cells on PVA composite substrates have been successfully demonstrated for the first time.
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29
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Bae H, Lee BH, Lee D, Seol ML, Kim D, Han JW, Kim CK, Jeon SB, Ahn D, Park SJ, Park JY, Choi YK. Physically Transient Memory on a Rapidly Dissoluble Paper for Security Application. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38324. [PMID: 27917910 PMCID: PMC5137035 DOI: 10.1038/srep38324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the transient memory device by means of a water soluble SSG (solid sodium with glycerine) paper. This material has a hydroscopic property hence it can be soluble in water. In terms of physical security of memory devices, prompt abrogation of a memory device which stored a large number of data is crucial when it is stolen because all of things have identified information in the memory device. By utilizing the SSG paper as a substrate, we fabricated a disposable resistive random access memory (RRAM) which has good data retention of longer than 106 seconds and cycling endurance of 300 cycles. This memory device is dissolved within 10 seconds thus it can never be recovered or replicated. By employing direct printing but not lithography technology to aim low cost and disposable applications, the memory capacity tends to be limited less than kilo-bits. However, unlike high memory capacity demand for consumer electronics, the proposed device is targeting for security applications. With this regards, the sub-kilobit memory capacity should find the applications such as one-time usable personal identification, authentication code storage, cryptography key, and smart delivery tag. This aspect is attractive for security and protection system against unauthorized accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagyoul Bae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongil Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Lok Seol
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Daewon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Han
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Choong-Ki Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seung-Bae Jeon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Daechul Ahn
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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30
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Wong WSY, Li M, Nisbet DR, Craig VSJ, Wang Z, Tricoli A. Mimosa Origami: A nanostructure-enabled directional self-organization regime of materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600417. [PMID: 28861471 PMCID: PMC5566163 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the innate fundamentals of living systems is their ability to respond toward distinct stimuli by various self-organization behaviors. Despite extensive progress, the engineering of spontaneous motion in man-made inorganic materials still lacks the directionality and scale observed in nature. We report the directional self-organization of soft materials into three-dimensional geometries by the rapid propagation of a folding stimulus along a predetermined path. We engineer a unique Janus bilayer architecture with superior chemical and mechanical properties that enables the efficient transformation of surface energy into directional kinetic and elastic energies. This Janus bilayer can respond to pinpoint water stimuli by a rapid, several-centimeters-long self-assembly that is reminiscent of the Mimosa pudica's leaflet folding. The Janus bilayers also shuttle water at flow rates up to two orders of magnitude higher than traditional wicking-based devices, reaching velocities of 8 cm/s and flow rates of 4.7 μl/s. This self-organization regime enables the ease of fabricating curved, bent, and split flexible channels with lengths greater than 10 cm, demonstrating immense potential for microfluidics, biosensors, and water purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Y. Wong
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of
Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Minfei Li
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - David R. Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of
Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Vincent S. J. Craig
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of
Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian
Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Corresponding author. (A.T.);
(Z.W.)
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of
Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia
- Corresponding author. (A.T.);
(Z.W.)
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31
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Zhu B, Wang H, Leow WR, Cai Y, Loh XJ, Han MY, Chen X. Silk Fibroin for Flexible Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4250-65. [PMID: 26684370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic devices are necessary for applications involving unconventional interfaces, such as soft and curved biological systems, in which traditional silicon-based electronics would confront a mechanical mismatch. Biological polymers offer new opportunities for flexible electronic devices by virtue of their biocompatibility, environmental benignity, and sustainability, as well as low cost. As an intriguing and abundant biomaterial, silk offers exquisite mechanical, optical, and electrical properties that are advantageous toward the development of next-generation biocompatible electronic devices. The utilization of silk fibroin is emphasized as both passive and active components in flexible electronic devices. The employment of biocompatible and biosustainable silk materials revolutionizes state-of-the-art electronic devices and systems that currently rely on conventional semiconductor technologies. Advances in silk-based electronic devices would open new avenues for employing biomaterials in the design and integration of high-performance biointegrated electronics for future applications in consumer electronics, computing technologies, and biomedical diagnosis, as well as human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Yurong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
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32
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Wang H, Zhu B, Ma X, Hao Y, Chen X. Physically Transient Resistive Switching Memory Based on Silk Protein. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2715-9. [PMID: 27028213 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Physically transient resistive switching devices based on silk protein are successfully demonstrated. The devices can be absolutely dissolved in deionized water or in phosphate-buffered saline in 2 h. At the same time, a reasonable resistance OFF/ON ratio of larger than 10(2) and a retention time of more than 10(4) s are achieved for nonvolatile memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Bowen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
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33
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Meng L, Mahpeykar SM, Xiong Q, Ahvazi B, Wang X. Strain sensors on water-soluble cellulose nanofibril paper by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stencil lithography. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the patterning of metal electrodes on water-soluble nanofibril papers using PDMS stencil lithography. Strain sensors fabricated with silver nanoparticles on patterned metal electrodes show high gauge-factors of over 50 in strain testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingju Meng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Seyed Milad Mahpeykar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Qiuyang Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Behzad Ahvazi
- Biomass Processing & Conversion-BioResources
- Alberta Innovates Technology Future
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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34
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Bazaka K, Jacob MV, Ostrikov KK. Sustainable Life Cycles of Natural-Precursor-Derived Nanocarbons. Chem Rev 2015; 116:163-214. [PMID: 26717047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable societal and economic development relies on novel nanotechnologies that offer maximum efficiency at minimal environmental cost. Yet, it is very challenging to apply green chemistry approaches across the entire life cycle of nanotech products, from design and nanomaterial synthesis to utilization and disposal. Recently, novel, efficient methods based on nonequilibrium reactive plasma chemistries that minimize the process steps and dramatically reduce the use of expensive and hazardous reagents have been applied to low-cost natural and waste sources to produce value-added nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. This review discusses the distinctive effects of nonequilibrium reactive chemistries and how these effects can aid and advance the integration of sustainable chemistry into each stage of nanotech product life. Examples of the use of enabling plasma-based technologies in sustainable production and degradation of nanotech products are discussed-from selection of precursors derived from natural resources and their conversion into functional building units, to methods for green synthesis of useful naturally degradable carbon-based nanomaterials, to device operation and eventual disintegration into naturally degradable yet potentially reusable byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Bazaka
- Institute for Future Environments, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.,CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Materials and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization , P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Mohan V Jacob
- Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- Institute for Future Environments, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Materials and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization , P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia.,School of Physics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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35
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Jamshidi R, Çinar S, Chen Y, Hashemi N, Montazami R. Transient bioelectronics: Electronic properties of silver microparticle-based circuits on polymeric substrates subjected to mechanical load. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Jamshidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50011
| | - Simge Çinar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50011
| | - Yuanfen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50011
| | - Nastaran Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50011
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50011
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36
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Park CW, Kang SK, Hernandez HL, Kaitz JA, Wie DS, Shin J, Lee OP, Sottos NR, Moore JS, Rogers JA, White SR. Thermally triggered degradation of transient electronic devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3783-8. [PMID: 25991389 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thermally triggered transient electronics using wax-encapsulated acid, which enable rapid device destruction via acidic degradation of the metal electronic components are reported. Using a cyclic poly(phthalaldehyde) (cPPA) substrate affords a more rapid destruction of the device due to acidic depolymerization of cPPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joshua A Kaitz
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dae Seung Wie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jiho Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Olivia P Lee
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Science and Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials, Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Scott R White
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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