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You K, Wang Z, Lin J, Guo X, Lin L, Liu Y, Li F, Huang W. On-Demand Picoliter-Level-Droplet Inkjet Printing for Micro Fabrication and Functional Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402638. [PMID: 39149907 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of Internet of Things (IoTs) and wearable devices, manufacturing requirements have shifted toward miniaturization, flexibility, environmentalization, and customization. Inkjet printing, as a non-contact picoliter-level droplet printing technology, can achieve material deposition at the microscopic level, helping to achieve high resolution and high precision patterned design. Meanwhile, inkjet printing has the advantages of simple process, high printing efficiency, mask-free digital printing, and direct pattern deposition, and is gradually emerging as a promising technology to meet such new requirements. However, there is a long way to go in constructing functional materials and emerging devices due to the uncommercialized ink materials, complicated film-forming process, and geometrically/functionally mismatched interface, limiting film quality and device applications. Herein, recent developments in working mechanisms, functional ink systems, droplet ejection and flight process, droplet drying process, as well as emerging multifunctional and intelligence applications including optics, electronics, sensors, and energy storage and conversion devices is reviewed. Finally, it is also highlight some of the critical challenges and research opportunities. The review is anticipated to provide a systematic comprehension and valuable insights for inkjet printing, thereby facilitating the advancement of their emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia You
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Jiasong Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Liangxu Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Future Technologies, Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Malik H, Niazi MBK, Miran W, Tawfeek AM, Jahan Z, Kamel EM, Ahmed N, Saeed Akhtar M. Algal-based wood as a green and sustainable alternative for environmentally friendly & flexible electronic devices membrane bioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139213. [PMID: 37331660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Electronic are usually constructed from non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and hazardous materials. Due to the frequent upgrading or discarding of electronic devices, which contributes significantly to environmental pollution, there is a high demand for electronics made from renewable and biodegradable materials with less harmful components. To this end, due to their flexibility, strong mechanical, and optical properties, wood-based electronics have become very appealing as substrates especially for flexible electronics and optoelectronics. However, incorporating numerous features including high conductivity and transparency, flexibility, and mechanical robustness into an environmentally friendly electronic device remains very challenging. Herein, authors have provided the techniques used to fabricate sustainable wood based flexible electronics coupled with their chemical, mechanical, optical, thermal, thermomechanical, and surface properties for various applications. Additionally, the synthesis of a conductive ink based on lignin and the development of translucent wood as a substrate are covered. Future developments and broader applications of wood-based flexible materials are discussed in the final section of the study, with an emphasis on their potential in fields including wearable electronics, renewable energy, and biomedical devices. This research improves upon prior efforts by demonstrating new ways to simultaneously attain better mechanical and optical qualities and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizbullah Malik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Waheed Miran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M Tawfeek
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaib Jahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Nouman Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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Lu HC, You JL, Liao YC. Total Liquid Transfer with Enhanced Contact Line Slippage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14238-14248. [PMID: 36350766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new surface treatment method is developed to achieve total liquid transfer. The transfer process of a liquid droplet is recorded through high-speed photography and analyzed via image analysis to investigate the hydrodynamic interactions. For a pristine PMMA surface, a viscous and viscoelastic liquid facilitates transfer by increased viscous and inertial forces and delayed liquid bridge breakage but is limited by slow contact line slippage. Hydrophobic surface treatments can increase contact line slippage and the receding angle to achieve transfer ratios up to 98%. However, pinning and contact angle hysteresis from surface roughness features limit liquid transfer, especially for smaller droplets and higher separation velocities. A lubricant-infused surface treatment with PDMS and a thin layer of less viscous silicone oil provides a smooth, homogeneous surface with fast slippage, low contact angle hysteresis, and only a slight oil wetting ridge. Liquid could then transfer at high ratios (∼99.9%), regardless of droplet size and separation velocity. Finally, complete transfer liquid from indented cells is demonstrated to show the potential of this surface modification method for gravure printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chin Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jhu-Lin You
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan 335, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Advanced Nanomaterials, Printing Processes, and Applications for Flexible Hybrid Electronics. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163587. [PMID: 32823736 PMCID: PMC7475884 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanomaterial preparation and printing technologies provide unique opportunities to develop flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) for various healthcare applications. Unlike the costly, multi-step, and error-prone cleanroom-based nano-microfabrication, the printing of nanomaterials offers advantages, including cost-effectiveness, high-throughput, reliability, and scalability. Here, this review summarizes the most up-to-date nanomaterials, methods of nanomaterial printing, and system integrations to fabricate advanced FHE in wearable and implantable applications. Detailed strategies to enhance the resolution, uniformity, flexibility, and durability of nanomaterial printing are summarized. We discuss the sensitivity, functionality, and performance of recently reported printed electronics with application areas in wearable sensors, prosthetics, and health monitoring implantable systems. Collectively, the main contribution of this paper is in the summary of the essential requirements of material properties, mechanisms for printed sensors, and electronics.
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Mo L, Guo Z, Yang L, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Xin Z, Chen Z, Hu K, Han L, Li L. Silver Nanoparticles Based Ink with Moderate Sintering in Flexible and Printed Electronics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2124. [PMID: 31036787 PMCID: PMC6539082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Printed electronics on flexible substrates has attracted tremendous research interest research thanks its low cost, large area production capability and environmentally friendly advantages. Optimal characteristics of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) based inks are crucial for ink rheology, printing, post-print treatment, and performance of the printed electronics devices. In this review, the methods and mechanisms for obtaining Ag NPs based inks that are highly conductive under moderate sintering conditions are summarized. These characteristics are particularly important when printed on temperature sensitive substrates that cannot withstand sintering of high temperature. Strategies to tailor the protective agents capping on the surface of Ag NPs, in order to optimize the sizes and shapes of Ag NPs as well as to modify the substrate surface, are presented. Different (emerging) sintering technologies are also discussed, including photonic sintering, electrical sintering, plasma sintering, microwave sintering, etc. Finally, applications of the Ag NPs based ink in transparent conductive film (TCF), thin film transistor (TFT), biosensor, radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna, stretchable electronics and their perspectives on flexible and printed electronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Mo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Zhenxin Guo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), RISE Bioeconomy, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Zhiqing Xin
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Shine Optoelectronics (Kunshan) Co., Ltd., Shenzhou Industrial Park, No. 33 Yuanfeng Rd, Kunshan 215300, China.
| | - Kun Hu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Lu Han
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Luhai Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
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Printable Nanomaterials for the Fabrication of High-Performance Supercapacitors. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070528. [PMID: 30011866 PMCID: PMC6070950 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, supercapacitors are attracting great attention as one kind of electrochemical energy storage device, which have a high power density, a high energy density, fast charging and discharging, and a long cycle life. As a solution processing method, printing technology is widely used to fabricate supercapacitors. Printable nanomaterials are critical to the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors by printing technology. In this work, the advantages of printing technology are summarized. Moreover, various nanomaterials used to fabricate supercapacitors by printing technology are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and broad research as well as application prospects in printing high-performance supercapacitors with nanomaterials are proposed.
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Feng J, Song Q, Zhang B, Wu Y, Wang T, Jiang L. Large-Scale, Long-Range-Ordered Patterning of Nanocrystals via Capillary-Bridge Manipulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703143. [PMID: 29059508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic assembly of nanoparticles with programmable patterns is a core opportunity for property-by-design fabrication and large-scale integration of functional materials and devices. The wet-chemical-synthesized colloidal nanocrystals are compatible with solution assembly techniques, thus possessing advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and large scale. However, conventional solution process suffers from tradeoffs between spatial precision and long-range order of nanocrystal assembly arising from the uncontrollable dewetting dynamics and fluid flow. Here, a capillary-bridge manipulation method is demonstrated for directing the dewetting of nanocrystal inks and deterministically patterning long-range-ordered superlattice structures. This is achieved by employing micropillars with programmable size, arrangement, and shape, which permits deterministic manipulation of geometry, position, and dewetting dynamics of capillary bridges. Various superlattice structures, including one-dimensional (1D), circle, square, pentagon, hexagon, pentagram, cross arrays, are fabricated. Compared to the glassy thin films, long-range-ordered superlattice arrays exhibit improved ferroelectric polarization. Coassembly of nanocrystal superlattice and organic functional molecule is further demonstrated. Through introducing azobenzene into superlattice arrays, a switchable ferroelectric polarization is realized, which is triggered by order-disorder transition of nanocrystal stacking in reversible isomerization process of azobenzene. This method offers a platform for patterning nanocrystal superlattices and fabricating microdevices with functionalities for multiferroics, electronics, and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Fukuda K, Someya T. Recent Progress in the Development of Printed Thin-Film Transistors and Circuits with High-Resolution Printing Technology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1602736. [PMID: 27892647 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Printed electronics enable the fabrication of large-scale, low-cost electronic devices and systems, and thus offer significant possibilities in terms of developing new electronics/optics applications in various fields. Almost all electronic applications require information processing using logic circuits. Hence, realizing the high-speed operation of logic circuits is also important for printed devices. This report summarizes recent progress in the development of printed thin-film transistors (TFTs) and integrated circuits in terms of materials, printing technologies, and applications. The first part of this report gives an overview of the development of functional inks such as semiconductors, electrodes, and dielectrics. The second part discusses high-resolution printing technologies and strategies to enable high-resolution patterning. The main focus of this report is on obtaining printed electrodes with high-resolution patterning and the electrical performance of printed TFTs using such printed electrodes. In the final part, some applications of printed electronics are introduced to exemplify their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Thin-film Device Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Thin-film Device Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Liu X, Kanehara M, Liu C, Sakamoto K, Yasuda T, Takeya J, Minari T. Spontaneous Patterning of High-Resolution Electronics via Parallel Vacuum Ultraviolet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6568-73. [PMID: 27184834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A spontaneous patterning technique via parallel vacuum ultraviolet is developed for fabricating large-scale, complex electronic circuits with 1 μm resolution. The prepared organic thin-film transistors exhibit a low contact resistance of 1.5 kΩ cm, and high mobilities of 0.3 and 1.5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) in the devices with channel lengths of 1 and 5 μm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Liu
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | | | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology and School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeo Minari
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
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Wang Y, Wei C, Cong H, Yang Q, Wu Y, Su B, Zhao Y, Wang J, Jiang L. Hybrid Top-Down/Bottom-Up Strategy Using Superwettability for the Fabrication of Patterned Colloidal Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4985-4993. [PMID: 26824430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Superwettability of substrates has had a profound influence on the production of novel and advanced colloidal assemblies in recent decades owing to its effect on the spreading area, evaporation rate, and the resultant assembly structure. In this paper, we investigated in detail the influence of the superwettability of a transfer/template substrate on the colloidal assembly from a hybrid top-down/bottom-up strategy. By taking advantage of a superhydrophilic flat transfer substrate and a superhydrophobic groove-structured silicon template, the patterned colloidal microsphere assembly was formed including linear and mesh-, cyclic-, and multistopband assembly arrays of microspheres, and the optic-waveguide of a circular colloidal structure was demonstrated. We believed this liquid top-down/bottom-up strategy would open an efficient avenue for assembling/integrating microspheres building blocks into device applications in a low-cost manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhong Wang
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, China
- The Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- The Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- The Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190, China
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