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Li J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wu H, Wang A, Luo Z, Wang J, Dong W, Wang C, Wen S, Dong Q, Yu WW, Zheng W. Optimizing Energy Levels and Improving Film Compactness in PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells by Silver Doping. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311461. [PMID: 38386310 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PbS quantum dot (QD) solar cells harvest near-infrared solar radiation. Their conventional hole transport layer has limited hole collection efficiency due to energy level mismatch and poor film quality. Here, how to resolve these two issues by using Ag-doped PbS QDs are demonstrated. On the one hand, Ag doping relieves the compressive stress during layer deposition and thus improves film compactness and homogeneity to suppress leakage currents. On the other hand, Ag doping increases hole concentration, which aligns energy levels and increases hole mobility to boost hole collection. Increased hole concentration also broadens the depletion region of the active layer, decreasing interface charge accumulation and promoting carrier extraction efficiency. A champion power conversion efficiency of 12.42% is achieved by optimizing the hole transport layer in PbS QD solar cells, compared to 9.38% for control devices. Doping can be combined with compressive strain relief to optimize carrier concentration and energy levels in QDs, and even introduce other novel phenomena such as improved film quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zeke Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Chemistry-Angström, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75120, Sweden
| | - Anran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shanpeng Wen
- College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qingfeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - William W Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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2
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Chiu A, Lu C, Kachman DE, Rong E, Chintapalli SM, Lin Y, Khurgin D, Thon SM. Role of the ZnO electron transport layer in PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cell yield. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8273-8285. [PMID: 38592692 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells has led to significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvements in recent years, with record efficiencies now over 15%. Many of the recent advances in improving PCE have focused on improving the interface between the PbS CQD active layer and the zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layer (ETL). Proper optimization of the ZnO ETL also increases yield, or the percentage of functioning devices per fabrication run. Simultaneous improvements in both PCE and yield will be critical as the field approaches commercialization. This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of ZnO ETLs and discusses the impact and critical role of ZnO synthesis conditions on the PCE and yield of PbS CQD solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Chiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
| | - Chengchangfeng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
| | - Dana E Kachman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
| | - Eric Rong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
| | - Sreyas M Chintapalli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
| | - Yida Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
| | - Daniel Khurgin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
| | - Susanna M Thon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
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3
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Okamura Y, Shimizu R, Tominaga Y, Maki S, Aki T, Matsumura Y, Nakashimada Y. Characterization of Biogenic PbS Quantum Dots. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14149. [PMID: 37762453 PMCID: PMC10531774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals in a polluted environment are toxic to life. However, some microorganisms can remove or immobilize heavy metals through biomineralization. These bacteria also form minerals with compositions similar to those of semiconductors. Here, this bioprocess was used to fabricate semiconductors with low energy consumption and cost. Bacteria that form lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles were screened, and the crystallinity and semiconductor properties of the resulting nanoparticles were characterized. Bacterial consortia that formed PbS nanoparticles were obtained. Extracellular particle size ranged from 3.9 to 5.5 nm, and lattice fringes were observed. The lattice fringes and electron diffraction spectra corresponded to crystalline PbS. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of bacterial PbS exhibited clear diffraction peaks. The experimental and theoretical data of the diffraction angles on each crystal plane of polycrystalline PbS were in good agreement. Synchrotron XRD measurements showed no crystalline impurity-derived peaks. Thus, bacterial biomineralization can form ultrafine crystalline PbS nanoparticles. Optical absorption and current-voltage measurements of PbS were obtained to characterize the semiconductor properties; the results showed semiconductor quantum dot behavior. Moreover, the current increased under light irradiation when PbS nanoparticles were used. These results suggest that biogenic PbS has band gaps and exhibits the general fundamental characteristics of a semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Okamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
- Consolidated Research for Biogenic Nanomaterials, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan;
| | - Ryo Shimizu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Yoriko Tominaga
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
- Consolidated Research for Biogenic Nanomaterials, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan;
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Sachiko Maki
- Consolidated Research for Biogenic Nanomaterials, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Aki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
| | - Yukihiko Matsumura
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakashimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan (Y.T.)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
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Chen J, Tang Z, Zhou Y, Ding S, Li L, Qian L, Xiang C. Glutamine Induced High-Quality Perovskite Film to Improve the Efficiency of NIR Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207520. [PMID: 36808211 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Formamidine lead iodide (FAPbI3 ) is an important material for realizing high-performance near-infrared light-emitting diodes (NIR-LEDs). However, due to the uncontrollable growth of solution-processed films which usually causes low coverage, and poor surface morphology, the development of FAPbI3 -based NIR-LEDs is hindered, restraining its potential industrial applications. In this work, by employing glutamine (Gln) in perovskite precursor, the quality of FAPbI3 film is improved significantly. Due to the ameliorated solution process by the organic additive, the film coverage over the substrate is substantially enhanced. Meanwhile, the trap state of grain is largely reduced. Consequently, NIR perovskite LEDs are demonstrated with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15% with the emission peak at 795 nm, which is four times higher than the device with pristine perovskite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Zhongchuang 1st Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Zhaobing Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Zhongchuang 1st Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, 1219 West Zhongguan Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yangzhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Zhongchuang 1st Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Shuo Ding
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Zhongchuang 1st Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, 1219 West Zhongguan Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Liang Li
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Zhongchuang 1st Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, 1219 West Zhongguan Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Chaoyu Xiang
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Zhongchuang 1st Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, 1219 West Zhongguan Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
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5
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Fang S, Huang J, Tao R, Wei Q, Ding X, Yajima S, Chen Z, Zhu W, Liu C, Li Y, Yin N, Song L, Liu Y, Shi G, Wu H, Gao Y, Wen X, Chen Q, Shen Q, Li Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Ma W. Open-Shell Diradical-Sensitized Electron Transport Layer for High-Performance Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212184. [PMID: 36870078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are well-documented as an excellent electron transport layer (ETL) in optoelectronic devices. However, the intrinsic surface flaw of the ZnO NPs can easily result in serious surface recombination of carriers. Exploring effective passivation methods of ZnO NPs is essential to maximize the device's performance. Herein, a hybrid strategy is explored for the first time to improve the quality of ZnO ETL by incorporating stable organic open-shell donor-acceptor type diradicaloids. The high electron-donating feature of the diradical molecules can efficiently passivate the deep-level trap states and improve the conductivity of ZnO NP film. The unique advantage of the radical strategy is that its passivation effectiveness is highly correlated with the electron-donating ability of radical molecules, which can be precisely controlled by the rational design of molecular chemical structures. The well-passivated ZnO ETL is applied in lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot solar cells, delivering a power conversion efficiency of 13.54%. More importantly, as a proof-of-concept study, this work will inspire the exploration of general strategies using radical molecules to construct high-efficiency solution-processed optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ran Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shota Yajima
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weiya Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Ni Yin
- i-Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Leliang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guozheng Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yiyuan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Youyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zeke Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Veresko M, Cheng MC. Physics-informed reduced-order learning from the first principles for simulation of quantum nanostructures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6197. [PMID: 37062799 PMCID: PMC10106468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the Schrödinger equation is needed for design and analysis of quantum nanostructures that offer numerous applications in biology, medicine, materials, electronic/photonic devices, etc. In large-scale nanostructures, extensive computational effort needed in DNS may become prohibitive due to the high degrees of freedom (DoF). This study employs a physics-based reduced-order learning algorithm, enabled by the first principles, for simulation of the Schrödinger equation to achieve high accuracy and efficiency. The proposed simulation methodology is applied to investigate two quantum-dot structures; one operates under external electric field, and the other is influenced by internal potential variation with periodic boundary conditions. The former is similar to typical operations of nanoelectronic devices, and the latter is of interest to simulation and design of nanostructures and materials, such as applications of density functional theory. In each structure, cases within and beyond training conditions are examined. Using the proposed methodology, a very accurate prediction can be realized with a reduction in the DoF by more than 3 orders of magnitude and in the computational time by 2 orders, compared to DNS. An accurate prediction beyond the training conditions, including higher external field and larger internal potential in untrained quantum states, is also achieved. Comparison is also carried out between the physics-based learning and Fourier-based plane-wave approaches for a periodic case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Veresko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5720, USA
| | - Ming-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5720, USA.
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Liang X, Liu Y, Liu P, Yang J, Liu J, Yang Y, Wang B, Hu J, Zhang L, Yang G, Lu S, Liang G, Lan X, Zhang J, Gao L, Tang J. Large-area flexible colloidal-quantum-dot infrared photodiodes for photoplethysmogram signal measurements. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:698-705. [PMID: 36931915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxially grown photodiodes are the foundation of infrared photodetection technology; however, their rigid structure and limited area scaling limit their use in advanced applications. Colloidal-quantum-dot (CQD) infrared photodiodes have increased active areas through solution processing, and are thus potential candidates for large-area flexible photodetection, but these large-area photodiodes have disadvantages such as large dark current density, poor homogeneity, and poor stability. Therefore, this study established a fabrication strategy for large-area flexible CQD photodiodes that involves introducing polyimide to CQD ink to improve CQD passivation, monodisperse ink persistence, and film morphology. The resulting CQD photodiodes exhibited reduced dark current density and improved homogeneity and work stability. Furthermore, the as-prepared photodiodes exhibited a detectivity (D*) of greater than 1013 Jones, which was higher than other reported CQD photodetectors. The CQD photodiodes developed in this study can be used for wearable photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal measurement under ambient light at reduced cost and power consumption..
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peilin Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junrui Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Linxiang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gaoyuan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Shuaicheng Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China; Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Xinzheng Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Liang Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China; Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China.
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Wang C, Wang Y, Jia Y, Wang H, Li X, Liu S, Liu X, Zhu H, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang X. Precursor Chemistry Enables the Surface Ligand Control of PbS Quantum Dots for Efficient Photovoltaics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204655. [PMID: 36382562 PMCID: PMC9896031 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The surface ligand environment plays a dominant role in determining the physicochemical, optical, and electronic properties of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs). Specifically, the ligand-related electronic traps are the main reason for the carrier nonradiative recombination and the energetic losses in colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs), which are usually solved with numerous advanced ligand exchange reactions. However, the synthesis process, as the essential initial step to control the surface ligand environment of CQDs, has lagged behind these post-synthesis ligand exchange reactions. The current PbS CQDs synthesis tactic generally uses lead oxide (PbO) as lead precursor, and thus suffers from the water byproducts issue increasing the surface-hydroxyl ligands and aggravating trap-induced recombination in the PbS CQDSCs. Herein, an organic-Pb precursor, lead (II) acetylacetonate (Pb(acac)2 ), is used instead of a PbO precursor to avoid the adverse impact of water byproducts. Consequently, the Pb(acac)2 precursor successfully optimizes the surface ligands of PbS CQDs by reducing the hydroxyl ligands and increasing the iodine ligands with trap-passivation ability. Finally, the Pb(acac)2 -based CQDSCs possess remarkably reduced trap states and suppressed nonradiative recombination, generating a certified record Voc of 0.652 V and a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.48% with long-term stability in planar heterojunction-structure CQDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Yinglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Yuwen Jia
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
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9
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Jia L, Wang L, Lin Y, Zhou X, Jia J. Enhanced film quality of PbS QD solid by eliminating the oxide traps through an in situ surface etching and passivation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1441-1448. [PMID: 36645319 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PbS QDs have attracted considerable interest in optoelectronics. However, their high susceptibility to oxidation results in the production of Pb oxides on PbS, which can induce sub-bandgap traps in PbS QDs that are detrimental to the performance of the resultant device. Here we report a facile strategy to enhance the film quality of PbS QD solids through an in situ surface etching and passivation route, carried out by immersing the PbS QD solid film in an I-/I2 solution at room temperature in ambient air. The process is simple and allows for the simultaneous removal of surface Pb oxides and the formation of a PbI2 passivation layer on PbS QDs, leading to the elimination of traps in PbS QDs while preserving their optical properties and film morphology. As a result, charge recombination within the film is suppressed and charge carrier transport is enhanced. When used to fabricate a quantum dot sensitized solar cell, a large increase in cell performance was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Jia
- Department of physical chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of physical chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianguang Jia
- Department of physical chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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10
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Zhang Y, Vafaie M, Xu J, Pina JM, Xia P, Najarian AM, Atan O, Imran M, Xie K, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. Electron-Transport Layers Employing Strongly Bound Ligands Enhance Stability in Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206884. [PMID: 36134538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed photodetectors based on colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising candidates for short-wavelength infrared light sensing applications. Present-day CQD photodetectors employ a CQD active layer sandwiched between carrier-transport layers in which the electron-transport layer (ETL) is composed of metal oxides. Herein, a new class of ETLs is developed using n-type CQDs, finding that these benefit from quantum-size effect tuning of the band energies, as well as from surface ligand engineering. Photodetectors operating at 1450 nm are demonstrated using CQDs with tailored functionalities for each of the transport layers and the active layer. By optimizing the band alignment between the ETL and the active layer, CQD photodetectors that combine a low dark current of ≈1 × 10-3 mA cm-2 with a high external quantum efficiency of ≈66% at 1 V are reported, outperforming prior reports of CQD photodetectors operating at >1400 nm that rely on metal oxides as ETLs. It is shown that stable CQD photodetectors rely on well-passivated CQDs: for ETL CQDs, a strongly bound organic ligand trans-4-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (TFCA) provides improved passivation compared to the weakly bound inorganic ligand tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI). TFCA suppresses bias-induced ion migration inside the ETL and improves the operating stability of photodetectors by 50× compared to TBAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangning Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Maral Vafaie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Joao M Pina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Pan Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Amin M Najarian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ozan Atan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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11
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Tabernig SW, Yuan L, Cordaro A, Teh ZL, Gao Y, Patterson RJ, Pusch A, Huang S, Polman A. Optically Resonant Bulk Heterojunction PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cell. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13750-13760. [PMID: 36036908 PMCID: PMC9527793 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We design an optically resonant bulk heterojunction solar cell to study optoelectronic properties of nanostructured p-n junctions. The nanostructures yield strong light-matter interaction as well as distinct charge-carrier extraction behavior, which together improve the overall power conversion efficiency. We demonstrate high-resolution substrate conformal soft-imprint lithography technology in combination with state-of-the art ZnO nanoparticles to create a nanohole template in an electron transport layer. The nanoholes are infiltrated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) to form a nanopatterned depleted heterojunction. Optical simulations show that the absorption per unit volume in the cylindrical QD absorber layer is enhanced by 19.5% compared to a planar reference. This is achieved for a square array of QD nanopillars of 330 nm height and 320 nm diameter, with a pitch of 500 nm on top of a residual QD layer of 70 nm, surrounded by ZnO. Electronic simulations show that the patterning results in a current gain of 3.2 mA/cm2 and a slight gain in voltage, yielding an efficiency gain of 0.4%. Our simulations further show that the fill factor is highly sensitive to the patterned structure. This is explained by the electric field strength varying strongly across the patterned absorber. We outline a path toward further optimized optically resonant nanopattern geometries with enhanced carrier collection properties. We demonstrate a 0.74 mA/cm2 current gain for a patterned cell compared to a planar cell in experiments, owing to a much improved infrared response, as predicted by our simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Tabernig
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Lin Yuan
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Li Teh
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Yijun Gao
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert J. Patterson
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreas Pusch
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 229 Anzac Parade, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Albert Polman
- Center
for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Pina JM, Vafaie M, Parmar DH, Atan O, Xia P, Zhang Y, Najarian AM, de Arquer FPG, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. Quantum-Size-Effect Tuning Enables Narrowband IR Photodetection with Low Sunlight Interference. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6802-6807. [PMID: 35969869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared photodetection enables depth imaging techniques such as structured light and time-of-flight. Traditional photodetectors rely on silicon (Si); however, the bandgap of Si limits photodetection to wavelengths shorter than 1100 nm. Photodetector operation centered at 1370 nm benefits from lower sunlight interference due to atmospheric absorption. Here, we report 1370 nm-operating colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodetectors and evaluate their outdoor performance. We develop a surface-ligand engineering strategy to tune the electronic properties of each CQD layer and fabricate photodetectors in an inverted (PIN) architecture. The strategy enables photodetectors with an external quantum efficiency of 75% and a low dark current (1 μA/cm2). Outdoor testing demonstrates that CQD-based photodetectors combined with a 10 nm-line width bandpass filter centered at 1370 nm achieve over 2 orders of magnitude (140× at incident intensity 1 μW/cm2) higher signal-to-background ratio than do Si-based photodetectors that use an analogous bandpass filter centered at 905 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao M Pina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Maral Vafaie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Darshan H Parmar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ozan Atan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Pan Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yangning Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Amin M Najarian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - F Pelayo García de Arquer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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13
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Hole transport properties of some spiro-based materials for quantum dot sensitized solar devices. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Zhao Q, Han R, Marshall AR, Wang S, Wieliczka BM, Ni J, Zhang J, Yuan J, Luther JM, Hazarika A, Li GR. Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Progressive Deposition Techniques and Future Prospects on Large-Area Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107888. [PMID: 35023606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidally grown nanosized semiconductors yield extremely high-quality optoelectronic materials. Many examples have pointed to near perfect photoluminescence quantum yields, allowing for technology-leading materials such as high purity color centers in display technology. Furthermore, because of high chemical yield, and improved understanding of the surfaces, these materials, particularly colloidal quantum dots (QDs) can also be ideal candidates for other optoelectronic applications. Given the urgent necessity toward carbon neutrality, electricity from solar photovoltaics will play a large role in the power generation sector. QDs are developed and shown dramatic improvements over the past 15 years as photoactive materials in photovoltaics with various innovative deposition properties which can lead to exceptionally low-cost and high-performance devices. Once the key issues related to charge transport in optically thick arrays are addressed, QD-based photovoltaic technology can become a better candidate for practical application. In this article, the authors show how the possibilities of different deposition techniques can bring QD-based solar cells to the industrial level and discuss the challenges for perovskite QD solar cells in particular, to achieve large-area fabrication for further advancing technology to solve pivotal energy and environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Rui Han
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ashley R Marshall
- Condensed Matter Physics Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PU, UK
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | | | - Jian Ni
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Abhijit Hazarika
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Guo-Ran Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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15
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Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have generated tremendous interest because of their solution processability and robust tunability. Among such nanocrystals, the colloidal quantum dot (CQD) draws the most attention for its well-known quantum size effects. In the last decade, applications of CQDs have been booming in electronics and optoelectronics, especially in photovoltaics. Electronically doped semiconductors are critical in the fabrication of solar cells, because carefully designed band structures are able to promote efficient charge extraction. Unlike conventional semiconductors, diffusion and ion implantation technologies are not suitable for doping CQDs. Therefore, researchers have creatively developed alternative doping methods for CQD materials and devices. In order to provide a state-of-the-art summary and comprehensive understanding to this research community, we focused on various doping techniques and their applications for photovoltaics and demystify them from different perspectives. By analyzing two classes of CQDs, lead chalcogenide CQDs and perovskite CQDs, we compared different working scenarios of each technique, summarized the development in this field, and raised our own future perspectives.
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16
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Yuan M, Wang X, Chen X, He J, Li K, Song B, Hu H, Gao L, Lan X, Chen C, Tang J. Phase-Transfer Exchange Lead Chalcogenide Colloidal Quantum Dots: Ink Preparation, Film Assembly, and Solar Cell Construction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102340. [PMID: 34561947 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising candidates for the third-generation photovoltaics due to their low cost and spectral tunability. The development of CQD solar cells mainly relies on high-quality CQD ink, smooth and dense film, and charge-extraction-favored device architectures. In particular, advances in the processing of CQDs are essential for high-quality QD solids. The phase transfer exchange (PTE), in contrast with traditional solid-state ligand exchange, has demonstrated to be the most promising approach for high-quality QD solids in terms of charge transport and defect passivation. As a result, the efficiencies of Pb chalcogenide CQD solar cells have been rapidly improved to 14.0%. In this review, the development of the PTE method is briefly reviewed for lead chalcogenide CQD ink preparation, film assembly, and device construction. Particularly, the key roles of lead halides and additional additives are emphasized for defect passivation and charge transport improvement. In the end, several potential directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Jungang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Kanghua Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Boxiang Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huicheng Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xinzheng Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
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17
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Xing M, Wang L, Wang R. A Review on the Effects of ZnO Nanowire Morphology on the Performance of Interpenetrating Bulk Heterojunction Quantum Dot Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010114. [PMID: 35010064 PMCID: PMC8746555 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Interpenetrating bulk heterojunction (IBHJ) quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) offer a direct pathway for electrical contacts to overcome the trade-off between light absorption and carrier extraction. However, their complex three-dimensional structure creates higher requirements for the optimization of their design due to their more difficult interface defect states control, more complex light capture mechanism, and more advanced QD deposition technology. ZnO nanowire (NW) has been widely used as the electron transport layer (ETL) for this structure. Hence, the optimization of the ZnO NW morphology (such as density, length, and surface defects) is the key to improving the photoelectric performance of these SCs. In this study, the morphology control principles of ZnO NW for different synthetic methods are discussed. Furthermore, the effects of the density and length of the NW on the collection of photocarriers and their light capture effects are investigated. It is indicated that the NW spacing determines the transverse collection of electrons, while the length of the NW and the thickness of the SC often affect the longitudinal collection of holes. Finally, the optimization strategies for the geometrical morphology of and defect passivation in ZnO NWs are proposed to improve the efficiency of IBHJ QDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruixiang Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-82668738; Fax: +86-29-82668725
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18
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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19
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Chen W, Lu X, Fan F, Du J. Optical-Gain-based Sensing Using Inorganic-Ligand-Passivated Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7732-7739. [PMID: 34515491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their extremely large surface-to-volume ratio, colloidal quantum dots are potential high-performance sensing materials. However, previous sensing works using their spontaneous emission suffer from low sensitivities. The absence of an amplification process and the presence of the steric hindrance of long-chain organic ligands are two possible causations. Herein we propose that these two issues can be circumvented by using the amplified spontaneous emission of colloidal quantum dots capped by short-chain inorganic ligands. To exemplify this concept, we performed humidity sensing and observed a ∼31 times enhancement in sensitivity. Meanwhile, we found that the amplified spontaneous emission threshold power was reduced by 34% in a high humidity environment. On the basis of our transient absorption measurements, we attribute these observations to the mitigation of ultrafast subpicosecond trapping processes, which are enabled by the absorption of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuechun Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fengjia Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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20
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Shakiba M, Irannejad A, Sharafi S. The role of alkane chain in primary amine capped CdSe and CdS quantum dots from first-principles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475706. [PMID: 33691301 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abed76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we performab initiocalculations, using density functional theory, to provide more insights about the role of alkane chain in primary amine capped (CdSe)33and (CdS)33quantum dots (QDs). We passivate the QDs surfaces with seven primary amines of different carbon chain lengths starting from NH3to hexylamine. The primary amine ligands induce a blue shift in the band gap of the ligated QDs, in agreement with experimental studies, but the alkane chain itself show negligible changes in the band gap. By increasing the chain length the binding energy between ligands and the QDs increases but its rate decreases due to the increase of steric hindrance between the ligands. The role of van der Waals forces in such behavior is found to be notable which is done by performing geometry optimization through adding and neglecting the dispersion correction effects for each system. The results of this study can provide helpful information for ligand selectivity in controlling the size and properties of the QDs using primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shakiba
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Irannejad
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Sharafi
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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21
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Liu J, Xian K, Ye L, Zhou Z. Open-Circuit Voltage Loss in Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008115. [PMID: 34085736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs) have received considerable attention due to their broad and tunable absorption and high stability. Presently, lead chalcogenide CQDSC has achieved a power conversion efficiency of ≈14%. However, the state-of-the-art lead chalcogenide CQDSC still has an open-circuit voltage (Voc ) loss of ≈0.45 V, which is significantly higher than those of c-Si and perovskite solar cells. Such high Voc loss severely limits the performance improvement and commercialization of lead chalcogenide CQDSCs. In this review, the Voc loss is first analyzed via detailed balance theory and the origin of Voc loss from both solar absorber and interface is summarized. Subsequently, various strategies for improving the Voc from the solar absorber, including the passivation strategies during the synthesis and ligand exchange are overviewed. The great impact of the ligand exchange process on CQD passivation is highlighted and the corresponding strategies to further reduce the Voc loss are summarized. Finally, various strategies are discussed to reduce interface Voc loss from charge transport layers. More importantly, the great potential of achieving performance breakthroughs via various organic hole transport layers is highlighted and the existing challenges toward commercialization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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22
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Teh ZL, Yang J, Yuan L, Conibeer GJ, Patterson RJ, Shen Q, Huang S, Zhang Z. Passivating Quantum Dot Carrier Transport Layer with Metal Salts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28679-28688. [PMID: 34101423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have a wide range of applications in the field of optoelectronics. They have been playing multiple roles within the configuration of a device, by serving as the building blocks for both the active layer and the carrier transport layer. While the performance of various optoelectronic devices has been steadily improving via developments in passivating the QD active layer, the possible improvement via passivation of the QD-based carrier transport layer has been largely overlooked. Here, with lead sulfide QD photovoltaics as the platform of study, we demonstrate that the device performance can be significantly improved by passivating the QD hole transport layer (HTL) with zinc salt post-treatments. The power conversion efficiency is improved from 8.7% of the reference device to 10.2% and 9.5% for devices with zinc acetate (ZnAc)- and zinc iodide (ZnI2)-treated HTLs, respectively. Transient absorption spectroscopy confirms that both treatments effectively reduce band-tail states and increase carrier lifetime of the HTLs. Further elemental analysis shows that ZnAc provides a higher amount of Zn2+ for passivation while maintaining the function of HTL by allowing essential p-doping oxidation. In contrast, the additional I- passivation from ZnI2 inhibits p-doping oxidation and limits the function of HTL. This work demonstrates the potential of improving device performance by passivating the QD-based HTLs, and the method developed is likely applicable to other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Chen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yaohong Zhang
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an Bai North Road No. 229, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhi Li Teh
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lin Yuan
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University Sustainable Energy Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Gavin J Conibeer
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert J Patterson
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Qing Shen
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University Sustainable Energy Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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23
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Becker-Koch D, Albaladejo-Siguan M, Hofstetter YJ, Solomeshch O, Pohl D, Rellinghaus B, Tessler N, Vaynzof Y. Doped Organic Hole Extraction Layers in Efficient PbS and AgBiS 2 Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18750-18757. [PMID: 33855853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of PbS quantum dot (QD) solar cells has significantly increased in recent years, strengthening their potential for industrial applications. The vast majority of state-of-the-art devices utilize 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT)-coated PbS QD hole extraction layers, which lead to high initial performance, but result in poor device stability. While excellent performance has also been demonstrated with organic extraction layers, these devices include a molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) layer, which is also known to decrease device stability. Herein, we demonstrate that organic layers based on a poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) polymer doped with C60F48 can serve as hole extraction layers for efficient EDT-free and MoO3-free QD solar cells. Such layers are shown to offer high conductivity for facile hole transport to the anode, while effectively blocking electrons due to their low electron affinity. We show that our approach is versatile and is applicable also to AgBiS2 QD solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becker-Koch
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Miguel Albaladejo-Siguan
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Olga Solomeshch
- Electrical Engineering Department, Nanoelectronic Center, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Darius Pohl
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Bernd Rellinghaus
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Nir Tessler
- Electrical Engineering Department, Nanoelectronic Center, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden 01187, Germany
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24
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Physical Vapor Deposited [Co:Cd-(dtc)2]/SnO2 Dual Semiconductor Systems: Synthesis, Characterization and Photo-Electrochemistry. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Liu S, Xiong K, Wang K, Liang G, Li MY, Tang H, Yang X, Huang Z, Lian L, Tan M, Wang K, Gao L, Song H, Zhang D, Gao J, Lan X, Tang J, Zhang J. Efficiently Passivated PbSe Quantum Dot Solids for Infrared Photovoltaics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3376-3386. [PMID: 33512158 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) solar cells are promising devices for significantly improving the power conversion efficiency of common solar cells by harvesting the low-energy IR photons. PbSe quantum dots (QDs) are superior IR photon absorbing materials due to their strong quantum confinement and thus strong interdot electronic coupling. However, the high chemical activity of PbSe QDs leads to etching and poor passivation in ligand exchange, resulting in a high trap-state density and a high open circuit voltage (VOC) deficit. Here we develop a hybrid ligand co-passivation strategy to simultaneously passivate the Pb and Se sites; that is, halide anions passivate the Pb sites and Cd cations passivate the Se sites. The cation and anion hybrid passivation substantially improves the quality of PbSe QD solids, giving rise to an excellent trap-state control and prolonged carrier lifetime. A high VOC and a high short circuit current density (JSC) are achieved simultaneously in the IR QD solar cells based on this hybrid ligand treatment. Finally, a IR-PCE of 1.31% under the 1100-nm-filtered solar illumination is achieved in the PbSe QD solar cells, which is the highest IR-PCE for PbSe QD IR solar cells at present. Additionally, the PbSe QD devices show a high external quantum efficiency of 80% at ∼1295 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Kao Xiong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Kang Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Ming-Yu Li
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Haodong Tang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Linyuan Lian
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Manlin Tan
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Haisheng Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Daoli Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Ultrafast Photophysics of Quantum Devices, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Xinzheng Lan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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26
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Efficient PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Both Mg-Doped ZnO Window Layer and ZnO Nanocrystal Interface Passivation Layer. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010219. [PMID: 33467785 PMCID: PMC7830923 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a Mg-doped ZnO (MZO) thin film is prepared by a simple solution process under ambient conditions and is used as the window layer for PbS solar cells due to a wide n-type bandgap. Moreover, a thin layer of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) was deposited on the MZO to reduce carrier recombination at the interface for inverted PbS quantum dot solar cells with the configuration Indium Tin Oxides (ITO)/MZO/ZnO NC (w/o)/PbS/Au. The effect of film thickness and annealing temperature of MZO and ZnO NC on the performance of PbS quantum dot solar cells was investigated in detail. It was found that without the ZnO NC thin layer, the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 5.52% was obtained in the case of a device with an MZO thickness of 50 nm. When a thin layer of ZnO NC was introduced between MZO and PbS quantum dot film, the PCE of the champion device was greatly improved to 7.06% due to the decreased interface recombination. The usage of the MZO buffer layer along with the ZnO NC interface passivation technique is expected to further improve the performance of quantum dot solar cells.
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27
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Hu L, Lei Q, Guan X, Patterson R, Yuan J, Lin C, Kim J, Geng X, Younis A, Wu X, Liu X, Wan T, Chu D, Wu T, Huang S. Optimizing Surface Chemistry of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot for Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells via Chemical Binding. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003138. [PMID: 33511019 PMCID: PMC7816699 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The surface chemistry of colloidal quantum dots (CQD) play a crucial role in fabricating highly efficient and stable solar cells. However, as-synthesized PbS CQDs are significantly off-stoichiometric and contain inhomogeneously distributed S and Pb atoms at the surface, which results in undercharged Pb atoms, dangling bonds of S atoms and uncapped sites, thus causing surface trap states. Moreover, conventional ligand exchange processes cannot efficiently eliminate these undesired atom configurations and defect sites. Here, potassium triiodide (KI3) additives are combined with conventional PbX2 matrix ligands to simultaneously eliminate the undercharged Pb species and dangling S sites via reacting with molecular I2 generated from the reversible reaction KI3 ⇌ I2 + KI. Meanwhile, high surface coverage shells on PbS CQDs are built via PbX2 and KI ligands. The implementation of KI3 additives remarkably suppresses the surface trap states and enhances the device stability due to the surface chemistry optimization. The resultant solar cells achieve the best power convention efficiency of 12.1% and retain 94% of its initial efficiency under 20 h continuous operation in air, while the control devices with KI additive deliver an efficiency of 11.0% and retains 87% of their initial efficiency under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
- School of EngineeringMacquarie University Sustainable Energy Research CentreMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia
| | - Qi Lei
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Robert Patterson
- School of Photovoltaics and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydney2019Australia
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Chun‐Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jiyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Xun Geng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Adnan Younis
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Xianxin Wu
- Division of Nanophotonics CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of EngineeringMacquarie University Sustainable Energy Research CentreMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia
- School of Photovoltaics and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydney2019Australia
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28
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Sloboda T, Svanström S, Johansson FOL, Andruszkiewicz A, Zhang X, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Föhlisch A, Svensson S, Mårtensson N, Johansson EMJ, Lindblad A, Rensmo H, Cappel UB. A method for studying pico to microsecond time-resolved core-level spectroscopy used to investigate electron dynamics in quantum dots. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22438. [PMID: 33384445 PMCID: PMC7775430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy can give insights into carrier dynamics and offers the possibility of element and site-specific information through the measurements of core levels. In this paper, we demonstrate that this method can access electrons dynamics in PbS quantum dots over a wide time window spanning from pico- to microseconds in a single experiment carried out at the synchrotron facility BESSY II. The method is sensitive to small changes in core level positions. Fast measurements at low pump fluences are enabled by the use of a pump laser at a lower repetition frequency than the repetition frequency of the X-ray pulses used to probe the core level electrons: Through the use of a time-resolved spectrometer, time-dependent analysis of data from all synchrotron pulses is possible. Furthermore, by picosecond control of the pump laser arrival at the sample relative to the X-ray pulses, a time-resolution limited only by the length of the X-ray pulses is achieved. Using this method, we studied the charge dynamics in thin film samples of PbS quantum dots on n-type MgZnO substrates through time-resolved measurements of the Pb 5d core level. We found a time-resolved core level shift, which we could assign to electron injection and charge accumulation at the MgZnO/PbS quantum dots interface. This assignment was confirmed through the measurement of PbS films with different thicknesses. Our results therefore give insight into the magnitude of the photovoltage generated specifically at the MgZnO/PbS interface and into the timescale of charge transport and electron injection, as well as into the timescale of charge recombination at this interface. It is a unique feature of our method that the timescale of both these processes can be accessed in a single experiment and investigated for a specific interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sloboda
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Svanström
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik O L Johansson
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aneta Andruszkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Erika Giangrisostomi
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Svante Svensson
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala-Berlin Joint Laboratory on Next Generation Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Mårtensson
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala-Berlin Joint Laboratory on Next Generation Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik M J Johansson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindblad
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ute B Cappel
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ma R, Ren Z, Li C, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zhao Y, Yang T, Liang Y, Sun XW, Choy WCH. Establishing Multifunctional Interface Layer of Perovskite Ligand Modified Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots for Improving the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002628. [PMID: 32964688 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show great potential for realizing low-cost and easily fabricated photovoltaics, the unexpected defects and long-term stability against moisture are the main issues hindering their practical applications. Herein, a strategy is demonstrated to address the main issues by introducing lead sulfide quantum dots (QDs) on the perovskite surface as the multifunctional interface layer on perovskite film through establishing perovskite as the ligand on PbS QDs. Meanwhile, the multifunctions are featured in three aspects including the strong interactions of PbS QDs with perovskites particularly at the grain boundaries favoring good QDs coverage on perovskites for ultimate smooth morphology; an inhibition of iodide ions mobilization by the strong interaction between iodide and the incorporated QDs; and the reduction of the dangling bonds of Pb2+ by the sulfur atoms of PbS QDs. Finally, the device performances are highly improved due to the reduced defects and non-radiative recombination. The results show that both open-circuit voltage and fill factor are significantly improved to the high values of 1.13 V and 80%, respectively in CH3 NH3 PbI3 -based PSCs, offering a high efficiency of 20.64%. The QDs incorporation also enhances PSCs' stability benefitting from the induced hydrophobic surface and suppressed iodide mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiman Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhenwei Ren
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhanfeng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tingbin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Printed Electronics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yongye Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Printed Electronics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei Sun
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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30
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Chen K, Wang C, Peng Z, Qi K, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H. The chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: From metal-chalcogenides to emerging perovskite. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Guo J, Jian J, Wang D, Zhang X. Controlling amplified spontaneous emission of quantum dots by polymerized nanostructure interfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4385-4388. [PMID: 32796964 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a new polymer/colloidal-quantum-dot (CQD) film with a nanostructured interface, which is fabricated through a template-assisted photopolymerization method, toward the use of amplified spontaneous emission. It is experimentally demonstrated that the amplified spontaneous emission of CQDs is able to be manipulated by changing the nanostructured polymeric interface with a weak scattering ability. The dependences of emission wavelength and threshold on the size of the nanostructure and CQD layer thickness are investigated.
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32
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Durmusoglu EG, Selopal GS, Mohammadnezhad M, Zhang H, Dagtepe P, Barba D, Sun S, Zhao H, Acar HY, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Low-Cost, Air-Processed Quantum Dot Solar Cells via Diffusion-Controlled Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36301-36310. [PMID: 32666797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the development of high-efficiency and stable quantum dot (QD) solar cells (QDSCs), recent synthetic and fabrication routes still require improvements to render QDSCs commercially feasible. Here, we describe a low-cost, industrially viable fabrication method of QDSCs under an ambient atmosphere (humid air and room temperature) using stable, high-quality, and small-sized PbS QDs prepared with low-cost, greener precursors [i.e., thioacetamide (TAA)] compared to the widely used bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide [(TMS)2S], at low temperatures without requiring any stringent conditions. The low reaction temperature, medium reactivity of TAA, and diffusion-controlled particle growth adopted in this approach provide an opportunity to synthesize ultrasmall (emission peak ∼700 nm) to larger PbS QDs (emission peak ∼1050 nm). This also enables well-controlled large-scale (multigram) synthesis with a rough estimated production cost of PbS of 8.11 $ per gram (based on materials cost), which is the lowest among the available PbS QDs produced using wet chemistry routes. QDSCs fabricated using 3.25 nm PbS QDs (bandgap 1.29 eV) under ambient conditions yield a high circuit current density (Jsc) of 32.4 mA/cm2 (one of the highest values of Jsc ever reported) with a power conversion efficiency of 7.8% under 1 sun simulated sunlight at AM 1.5 G (100 mW/cm2). These devices exhibit better photovoltaic performance compared to devices fabricated with more traditional PbS QDs synthesized with (TMS)2S under an ambient atmosphere, confirming the quality of PbS QDs produced with our method. The diffusion-controlled TAA-based synthetic route developed herein is found to be very promising for synthesizing size-tunable PbS QDs for photovoltaic and other optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emek G Durmusoglu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Gurpreet S Selopal
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Mahyar Mohammadnezhad
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Pinar Dagtepe
- Department of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - David Barba
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- College of Physics & The State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Havva Yağcı Acar
- Department of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
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Hot carriers perspective on the nature of traps in perovskites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2712. [PMID: 32483150 PMCID: PMC7264280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst the many spectacular properties of hybrid lead halide perovskites, their defect tolerance is regarded as the key enabler for a spectrum of high-performance optoelectronic devices that propel perovskites to prominence. However, the plateauing efficiency enhancement of perovskite devices calls into question the extent of this defect tolerance in perovskite systems; an opportunity for perovskite nanocrystals to fill. Through optical spectroscopy and phenomenological modeling based on the Marcus theory of charge transfer, we uncover the detrimental effect of hot carriers trapping in methylammonium lead iodide and bromide nanocrystals. Higher excess energies induce faster carrier trapping rates, ascribed to interactions with shallow traps and ligands, turning these into potent defects. Passivating these traps with the introduction of phosphine oxide ligands can help mitigate hot carrier trapping. Importantly, our findings extend beyond photovoltaics and are relevant for low threshold lasers, light-emitting devices and multi-exciton generation devices. The benign nature of defects in lead halide perovskites is widely regarded as the basis for their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Here Righetto et al. overthrew this perception, revealing the defects’ surprising potency to hot carriers and devised a strategy to suppress them.
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34
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Teh ZL, Hu L, Zhang Z, Gentle AR, Chen Z, Gao Y, Yuan L, Hu Y, Wu T, Patterson RJ, Huang S. Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency via Hybrid Ligand Exchange Treatment of p-Type PbS Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22751-22759. [PMID: 32347092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PbS quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) have emerged as a promising low-cost, solution-processable solar energy harvesting device and demonstrated good air stability and potential for large-scale commercial implementation. PbS QDSCs achieved a record certified efficiency of 12% in 2018 by utilizing an n+-n-p device structure. However, the p-type layer has generally suffered from low carrier mobility due to the organic ligand 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) that is used to modify the quantum dot (QD) surface. The low carrier mobility of EDT naturally limits the device thickness as the carrier diffusion length is limited by the low mobility. Herein, we improve the properties of the p-type layer through a two-step hybrid organic ligand treatment. By treating the p-type layer with two types of ligands, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and EDT, the PbS QD surface was passivated by a combination of the two ligands, resulting in an overall improvement in open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and current density, leading to an improvement in the cell efficiency from 7.0 to 10.4% for the champion device. This achievement was a result of the improved QD passivation and a reduction in the interdot distance, improving charge transport through the p-type PbS quantum dot film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li Teh
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Angus R Gentle
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Zihan Chen
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Yijun Gao
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yicong Hu
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Patterson
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia
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35
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Xue Y, Liu S, Liu X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xue D, Hu J. Room‐Temperature Solution‐Processed PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xue
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shun‐Chang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Yusi Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Ding‐Jiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jin‐Song Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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36
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Lin Y, Gao T, Pan X, Kamenetska M, Thon SM. Local Defects in Colloidal Quantum Dot Thin Films Measured via Spatially Resolved Multi-Modal Optoelectronic Spectroscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906602. [PMID: 32009274 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The morphology, chemical composition, and electronic uniformity of thin-film solution-processed optoelectronics are believed to greatly affect device performance. Although scanning probe microscopies can address variations on the micrometer scale, the field of view is still limited to well under the typical device area, as well as the size of extrinsic defects introduced during fabrication. Herein, a micrometer-resolution 2D characterization method with millimeter-scale field of view is demonstrated, which simultaneously collects photoluminescence spectra, photocurrent transients, and photovoltage transients. This high-resolution morphology mapping is used to quantify the distribution and strength of the local optoelectronic property variations in colloidal quantum dot solar cells due to film defects, physical damage, and contaminants across nearly the entire test device area, and the extent to which these variations account for overall performance losses. It is found that macroscopic defects have effects that are confined to their localized areas, rarely prove fatal for device performance, and are largely not responsible for device shunting. Moreover, quantitative analysis based on statistical partitioning methods of such data is used to show how defect identification can be automated while identifying variations in underlying properties such as mobilities and recombination strengths and the mechanisms by which they govern device behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Maria Kamenetska
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Susanna M Thon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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37
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Shuklov IA, Razumov VF. Lead chalcogenide quantum dots for photoelectric devices. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Chen W, Ahn S, Balingit M, Wang J, Lockett M, Vazquez-Mena O. Near full light absorption and full charge collection in 1-micron thick quantum dot photodetector using intercalated graphene monolayer electrodes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4909-4915. [PMID: 32064482 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09901h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) offer several advantages in optoelectronics such as easy solution processing, strong light absorption and size tunable direct bandgap. However, their major limitation is their poor film mobility and short diffusion length (<250 nm). This has restricted the thickness of QD film to ∼200-300 nm due to the restriction that the diffusion length imposes on film thickness in order to keep efficient charge collection. Such thin films result in a significant decrease in quantum efficiency for λ > 700 nm in QDs photodetector and photovoltaic devices, causing a reduced photoresponsivity and a poor absorption towards the near-infrared part of the sunlight spectrum. Herein, we demonstrate 1 μm thick QDs photodetectors with intercalated graphene charge collectors that avoid the significant drop of quantum efficiency towards λ > 700 nm observed in most QD optoelectronic devices. The 1 μm thick intercalated QD films ensure strong light absorption while keeping efficient charge extraction with a quantum efficiency of 90%-70% from λ = 600 nm to 950 nm using intercalated graphene layers as charge collectors with interspacing distance of 100 nm. We demonstrate that the effect of graphene on light absorption is minimal. We achieve a time-modulation response of <1 s. We demonstrate that this technology can be implemented on flexible PET substrates, showing 70% of the original performance after 1000 times bending test. This system provides a novel approach towards high-performance photodetection and high conversion photovoltaic efficiency with quantum dots and on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Seungbae Ahn
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Marquez Balingit
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Malcolm Lockett
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Oscar Vazquez-Mena
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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39
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Recent Research Progress in Surface Ligand Exchange of PbS Quantum Dots for Solar Cell Application. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are considered as next-generation semiconductors owing to their tunable optical and electrical properties depending on their particle size and shape. The characteristics of CQDs are mainly governed by their surface chemistry, and the ligand exchange process plays a crucial role in determining their surface states. Worldwide studies toward the realization of high-quality quantum dots have led to advances in ligand exchange methods, and these procedures are usually carried out in either solid-state or solution-phase. In this article, we review recent advances in solid-state and solution-phase ligand exchange processes that enhance the performance and stability of lead sulfide (PbS) CQD solar cells, including infrared (IR) CQD photovoltaics.
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40
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Albaladejo-Siguan M, Becker-Koch D, Taylor AD, Sun Q, Lami V, Oppenheimer PG, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Efficient and Stable PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells by Triple-Cation Perovskite Passivation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:384-393. [PMID: 31721556 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) have a high potential for fabricating low-cost, flexible, and large-scale solar energy harvesting devices. It has recently been demonstrated that hybrid devices employing a single monovalent cation perovskite solution for PbS QD surface passivation exhibit enhanced photovoltaic performance when compared to standard ligand passivation. Herein, we demonstrate that the use of a triple cation Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 perovskite composition for surface passivation of the quantum dots results in highly efficient solar cells, which maintain 96% of their initial performance after 1200 h shelf storage. We confirm perovskite shell formation around the PbS nanocrystals by a range of spectroscopic techniques as well as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We find that the triple cation shell results in a favorable energetic alignment to the core of the dot, resulting in reduced recombination due to charge confinement without limiting transport in the active layer. Consequently, photovoltaic devices fabricated via a single-step film deposition reached a maximum AM1.5G power conversion efficiency of 11.3% surpassing most previous reports of PbS solar cells employing perovskite passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Albaladejo-Siguan
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - David Becker-Koch
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Alexander D Taylor
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Qing Sun
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Vincent Lami
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School of Biochemical Engineering , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , West Midlands B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
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41
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Yang X, Yang J, Khan J, Deng H, Yuan S, Zhang J, Xia Y, Deng F, Zhou X, Umar F, Jin Z, Song H, Cheng C, Sabry M, Tang J. Hydroiodic Acid Additive Enhanced the Performance and Stability of PbS-QDs Solar Cells via Suppressing Hydroxyl Ligand. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:37. [PMID: 34138233 PMCID: PMC7770827 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The recent emerging progress of quantum dot ink (QD-ink) has overcome the complexity of multiple-step colloidal QD (CQD) film preparation and pronouncedly promoted the device performance. However, the detrimental hydroxyl (OH) ligands induced from synthesis procedure have not been completely removed. Here, a halide ligand additive strategy was devised to optimize QD-ink process. It simultaneously reduced sub-bandgap states and converted them into iodide-passivated surface, which increase carrier mobility of the QDs films and achieve thicker absorber with improved performances. The corresponding power conversion efficiency of this optimized device reached 10.78%. (The control device was 9.56%.) Therefore, this stratege can support as a candidate strategy to solve the QD original limitation caused by hydroxyl ligands, which is also compatible with other CQD-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanoimprint Technology, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jahangeer Khan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Yuan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xia
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhou
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Farooq Umar
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Jin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanoimprint Technology, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanoimprint Technology, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mohamed Sabry
- Physics Department, College of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Solar Physics Lab, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
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42
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Zhang Y, Wu G, Liu F, Ding C, Zou Z, Shen Q. Photoexcited carrier dynamics in colloidal quantum dot solar cells: insights into individual quantum dots, quantum dot solid films and devices. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:49-84. [PMID: 31825404 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) record of colloidal quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) has considerably improved from below 4% to 16.6% in the last few years. However, the record PCE value of QDSCs is still substantially lower than the theoretical efficiency. So far, there have been several reviews on recent and significant achievements in QDSCs, but reviews on photoexcited carrier dynamics in QDSCs are scarce. The photovoltaic performances of QDSCs are still limited by the photovoltage, photocurrent and fill factor that are mainly determined by the photoexcited carrier dynamics, including carrier (or exciton) generation, carrier extraction or transfer, and the carrier recombination process, in the devices. In this review, the photoexcited carrier dynamics in the whole QDSCs, originating from individual quantum dots (QDs) to the entire device as well as the characterization methods used for analyzing the photoexcited carrier dynamics are summarized and discussed. The recent research including photoexcited multiple exciton generation (MEG), hot electron extraction, and carrier transfer between adjacent QDs, as well as carrier injection and recombination at each interface of QDSCs are discussed in detail herein. The influence of photoexcited carrier dynamics on the physiochemical properties of QDs and photovoltaic performances of QDSC devices is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohong Zhang
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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43
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Mao X, Yu J, Xu J, Zhou J, Luo C, Wang L, Niu H, Xu J, Zhou R. Enhanced performance of all solid-state quantum dot-sensitized solar cells via synchronous deposition of PbS and CdS quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synchronous deposition of PbS and CdS affords band-structure tailoring and surface recombination passivation for efficient and stable solid-state QDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Mao
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Juntian Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Lang Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Haihong Niu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Jinzhang Xu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Ru Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
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44
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Thomas A, Vinayakan R, Ison VV. An inverted ZnO/P3HT:PbS bulk-heterojunction hybrid solar cell with a CdSe quantum dot interface buffer layer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16693-16699. [PMID: 35498855 PMCID: PMC9053083 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02740e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An inverted bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) hybrid solar cell having the structure ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PbS/Au was prepared under ambient conditions and the device performance was further enhanced by inserting an interface buffer layer of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) between the ZnO and the P3HT:PbS BHJ active layer. The device performance was optimized by controlling the size of the CdSe QDs and the buffer layer thickness. The buffer layer, with an optimum thickness and QD size, has been found to promote charge extraction and reduces interface recombinations, leading to an increased open-circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). About 40% increase in PCE from 1.7% to 2.4% was achieved by the introduction of the CdSe QD buffer layer, whose major contribution comes from a 20% increase of VOC. An inverted bulk-heterojunction hybrid solar cell with the structure ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PbS/Au was prepared. The device performance was enhanced by inserting an interface buffer layer of CdSe quantum dots between the ZnO and the P3HT:PbS BHJ active layer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Thomas
- Centre for Nano-Bio-Polymer Science and Technology
- Research and PG Department of Physics
- St. Thomas College Palai
- India
- Research and Development Centre
| | - R. Vinayakan
- NSS Hindu College Changanacherry
- Kottayam-686102
- India
| | - V. V. Ison
- Centre for Nano-Bio-Polymer Science and Technology
- Research and PG Department of Physics
- St. Thomas College Palai
- India
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45
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Sukharevska N, Bederak D, Dirin D, Kovalenko M, Loi MA. Improved Reproducibility of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots Solar Cells Using Atomic Layer-Deposited TiO 2. ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (WEINHEIM, GERMANY) 2020; 8:1900887. [PMID: 32064223 PMCID: PMC7006825 DOI: 10.1002/ente.201900887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their broadly tunable bandgap and strong absorption, colloidal lead chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) are highly appealing as solution-processable active layers for third-generation solar cells. However, the modest reproducibility of this kind of solar cell is a pertinent issue, which inhibits the exploitation of this material class in optoelectronics. This issue is not necessarily imputable to the active layer but may originate from different constituents of the device structure. Herein, the deposition of TiO2 electron transport layer is focused on. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) greatly improves the reproducibility of PbS QD solar cells compared with the previously optimized sol-gel (SG) approach. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells using atomic layer-deposited TiO2 lies in the range between 5.5% and 7.2%, whereas solar cells with SG TiO2 have PCE ranging from 0.5% to 6.9% with a large portion of short-circuited devices. Investigations of TiO2 layers by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal that these films have very different surface morphologies. Whereas the TiO2 films prepared by SG synthesis and deposited by spin coating are very smooth, TiO2 films made by ALD repeat the surface texture of the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate underneath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Sukharevska
- Photophysics & OptoElectronicsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 4GroningenAG9747The Netherlands
| | - Dmytro Bederak
- Photophysics & OptoElectronicsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 4GroningenAG9747The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
| | - Maksym Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Photophysics & OptoElectronicsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 4GroningenAG9747The Netherlands
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46
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Dong C, Liu S, Barange N, Lee J, Pardue T, Yi X, Yin S, So F. Long-Wavelength Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots Sensing up to 2600 nm for Short-Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44451-44457. [PMID: 31689078 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide nanoparticles (PbS NPs) are used in the short-wavelength infrared photodetectors because of their excellent photosensitivity, band gap tunability, and solution processability. It has been a challenge to synthesize high-quality PbS NPs with an absorption peak beyond 2000 nm. In this work, using PbS seed crystals with an absorption peak at 1960 nm, we report a successful synthesis of very large monodispersed PbS NPs having a diameter up to 16 nm by multiple injections. The resulting NPs have an absorption peak over 2500 nm with a small full width at half-maximum of 24 meV. To demonstrate the applications of such large quantum dots (QDs), broadband heterojunction photodetectors are fabricated with the large PbS QDs of an absorption peak at 2100 nm. The resulting devices have an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25% (over 50% internal quantum efficiency) at 2100 nm corresponding to a responsivity of 0.385 A/W and an EQE of ∼60% in the visible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Nilesh Barange
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Tyler Pardue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Xueping Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Shichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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47
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CuInSe 2 nanotube arrays for efficient solar energy conversion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16751. [PMID: 31727916 PMCID: PMC6856161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly uniform and vertically aligned p-type CuInSe2 (CISe) nanotube arrays were fabricated through a unique protocol, incorporating confined electrodeposition on lithographically patterned nanoelectrodes. This protocol can be readily adapted to fabricate nanotube arrays of other photoabsorber and functional materials with precisely controllable design parameters. Ternary CISe nanotube arrays were electrodeposited congruently from a single electrolytic bath and the resulting nanotube arrays were studied through powder X-ray diffraction as well as elemental analysis which revealed compositional purity. Detailed photoelectrochemical (PEC) characterizations in a liquid junction cell were also carried out to investigate the photoconversion efficiency. It was observed that the tubular geometry had a strong influence on the photocurrent response and a 29.9% improvement of the photoconversion efficiency was observed with the nanotube array compared to a thin film geometry fabricated by the same process. More interestingly such enhancement in photoconversion efficiency was obtained when the electrode coverage with the nanotube arrays as photoactive material was only a fraction (~10%) of that for the thin film device. Apart from enhancement in photoconversion efficiency, this versatile technique provides ample opportunities to study novel photovoltaic materials and device design architectures where structural parameters play a key role such as resonant light trapping.
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48
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Yadav AN, Singh K. Investigation of Photophysical Properties of Ternary Zn-Ga-S Quantum Dots: Band Gap versus Sub-Band-Gap Excitations and Emissions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18327-18333. [PMID: 31720534 PMCID: PMC6844091 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly luminescent ternary Zn-Ga-S quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via a noninjection method by varying Zn/Ga ratios. X-ray diffraction and Raman investigations demonstrate composition-dependent changes with multiple phases including ZnGa2S4, ZnS, and Ga2S3 in all samples. Two distinct excitation pathways were identified from absorption and photoluminescence excitation spectra; among them, one is due to the band-gap transition appearing at around 375 and 395 nm, whereas another one observed nearby 505 nm originates from sub-band-gap defect states. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these QDs depict multiple emission noticeable at around 410, 435, 461, and 477 nm arising from crystallographic point defects formed within the band gap. The origin of these defects including zinc interstitials (IZn), zinc vacancies (VZn), sulfur interstitials (IS), sulfur vacancies (VS), and gallium vacancies (VGa) has been discussed in detail by proposing an energy-level diagram. Further, the time-dependent PL decay curve strongly suggests that the tail emission (appear around 477 nm) in these ternary QDs arises due to donor-acceptor pair recombination. This study enables us to understand the PL mechanism in new series of Zn-Ga-S ternary QDs and can be useful for the future utilization of these QDs in photovoltaic and display devices.
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49
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Venettacci C, Martín-García B, Prato M, Moreels I, De Iacovo A. Increasing responsivity and air stability of PbS colloidal quantum dot photoconductors with iodine surface ligands. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:405204. [PMID: 31272086 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2f4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PbS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are a promising material for the realization of low-cost, high-responsivity near-infrared photodetectors. Previously reported attempts showed high responsivity but a fast performance decay in air-exposed devices, demanding encapsulation of the photodetectors. Conversely, devices with very high air stability have been demonstrated but the low trap-state density hinders photoconductive gain and reduces overall responsivity. In this paper, photoconductive devices prepared with partially tetrabutylammonium iodide exchanged PbS QDs are presented with enhanced air stability and high responsivity at low voltage, low optical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Venettacci
- Department of Engineering, University Roma Tre, Via Vito Volterra 62, I-00146 Rome, Italy
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50
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Skurlov ID, Korzhenevskii IG, Mudrak AS, Dubavik A, Cherevkov SA, Parfenov PS, Zhang X, Fedorov AV, Litvin AP, Baranov AV. Optical Properties, Morphology, and Stability of Iodide-Passivated Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3219. [PMID: 31581439 PMCID: PMC6803903 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Iodide atomic surface passivation of lead chalcogenides has spawned a race in efficiency of quantum dot (QD)-based optoelectronic devices. Further development of QD applications requires a deeper understanding of the passivation mechanisms. In the first part of the current study, we compare optics and electrophysical properties of lead sulfide (PbS) QDs with iodine ligands, obtained from different iodine sources. Methylammonium iodide (MAI), lead iodide (PbI2), and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) were used as iodine precursors. Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that different iodide sources change the QD HOMO/LUMO levels, allowing their fine tuning. AFM measurements suggest that colloidally-passivated QDs result in formation of more uniform thin films in one-step deposition. The second part of this paper is devoted to the PbS QDs with colloidally-exchanged shells (i.e., made from MAI and PbI2). We especially focus on QD optical properties and their stability during storage in ambient conditions. Colloidal lead iodide treatment is found to reduce the QD film resistivity and improve photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). At the same time stability of such QDs is reduced. MAI-treated QDs are found to be more stable in the ambient conditions but tend to agglomerate, which leads to undesirable changes in their optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan D Skurlov
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Iurii G Korzhenevskii
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Anastasiia S Mudrak
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Aliaksei Dubavik
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Sergei A Cherevkov
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Petr S Parfenov
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Anatoly V Fedorov
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Aleksandr P Litvin
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Baranov
- Center "Information Optical Technologies", ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
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